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Water pollution is a major environmental concern worldwide, particularly due to industrial paint waste. Therefore, treating wastewater from various industrial sources is crucial to restoring environmental quality. In this study, a batch biosorption system was used to investigate the biosorption of Rhodamine B (RhB), a highly toxic dye, on Teucrium polium seeds (TPS). The study examined the effects of different parameters such as initial dye concentration, contact time, initial pH, temperature, and biosorbent amount on RhB removal. To determine the physicochemical properties of TPS, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), and zero charge point (PZC) characterization analyses were performed. The maximum biosorption capacity of TPS at pH = 5.5 and 25 °C was found to be 4.18 mg g−1. The study found that the removal rate of RhB was 93.3% at an initial RhB dye concentration of 200 mg L−1. The experimental data showed that the Langmuir isotherm model (R2 = 0.940) was the most compatible model for biosorption, while the biosorption kinetic mechanism proceeded through the pseudo-second-order (PSO) kinetic model (R2 = 0.925). Additionally, the study found that intraparticle diffusion, pore diffusion, and film diffusion were effective in the RhB biosorption rate mechanism. Thermodynamic studies revealed that the biosorption was endothermic (ΔH0>0), spontaneous (ΔS0>0), and entropy-increasing (ΔG0 <0). As a result, TPS, which has suitable adsorbent properties for RhB, can be recommended as a new, cost-effective, abundant potential biosorbent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Nicotine can be consumed in many forms, the most common of which is smoking tobacco. Tobacco smoking is a global problem that negatively affects human health. Natural plants are vital antioxidants that may antagonize the toxic effects of smoking. We designed the present study to assess the protective potential of Teucrium polium extract (TPE) on nicotine-induced liver toxicity in male mice. Methods: Twenty-four animals were allocated into four equal groups and daily treated for 21 constitutive days. Control group one received distilled water, group two orally received 100 mg/kg TPE, group three received subcutaneous injections of 2.5 mg/kg nicotine and group four received 100 mg/kg TPE orally then 2.5 mg/kg nicotine subcutaneously after one hour. Result: Nicotine exposure significantly elevated liver enzymes; alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST). The levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) were also elevated along with a reduction in glutathione reduced content (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activity. Treatment with TPE considerably ameliorated the serum levels of liver enzymes, lowered MDA and NO levels, as well as elevated the antioxidant defense system. Also, TPE improved the histological structure and modulated apoptosis caused by nicotine. The current study proved the effectiveness of TPE as a natural antioxidant for the alleviation of nicotine-induced hepatic biochemical and histopathological alterations through attenuating oxidative stress, improving antioxidant systems and abrogating apoptosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Coccidiosis is an infectious disease that mainly affects cattle, chickens, goats, and sheep. Its source is the genus Eimeria, which produces coccidian protozoans that cause intestinal damage to their hosts. The oral intake of eimerian oocysts, which release infectious sporozoites within the colon, is the first step in the infection process. Eventually, oocysts are released with feces after they successively enter intestinal epithelial cells, where asexual multiplication occurs. Due to the widespread drug resistance brought on by the widespread use of currently available anticoccidial medicines, research into novel therapeutic approaches is being conducted. Various substances obtained from plants have shown promising and optimal anticoccidial as well as extra-therapeutic effects, in addition to other options. In Saudi Arabia, natural sources have been examined as potential controls for murine coccidiosis. Among these sources is Teucrium polium. Due to the aforementioned characteristics, the objective of this study was to examine T. polium leaf extract's anticoccidial and antioxidant effects in Eimeria papillata-infected mice. Eimeria spp. are responsible for the economic loss of both domestic and wild animals due to coccidiosis, the most common parasitic disease. The resistance to currently available drugs used to treat coccidiosis has been proven. Medicinal plants that contain physiologically active phytochemicals have been widely used in traditional medicine. Teucrium polium leaf extract (TPLE) has been shown to exhibit pharmacological, antioxidant, and anticoccidial properties in different experiments. Here, our investigation focused on how T. polium leaf extract affected the way that Eimeria papillate caused intestinal injury in mice. Thirty-five male Swiss albino mice were divided into seven groups, as follows: group I: untreated and uninfected (negative control); group II: uninfected, treated group with TPLE (150 mg/kg b.w); and group III: infected untreated (positive control). Groups III–VII were orally administered 103 sporulated E. papillata oocysts. A total of 60 min after infection, groups IV–VI were treated for five successive days with 50, 150, and 250 mg/kg b.w TPLE, respectively, while group VII was treated with amprolium (120 mg/kg b.w.). The mice had been euthanized on the fifth day post-infection, and the jejunum tissues were prepared for histology and oxidative stress studies. A total of 150 mg/kg of TPLE was the most effective dosage, significantly decreasing oocyst output by about 80.5%, accompanied by a significant reduction in the number of developmental parasitic phases in jejunal sections. In addition, the decrease in the number of goblet cells in the jejuna of mice raised after treatment. Also, TPLE greatly diminished the body weight loss of infected mice. Moreover, our research proved that TPLE reduced oxidative damage due to E. papillata infection via decreasing intestinal malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) levels and increasing reduced superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH) levels. These results demonstrated that TPLE had potent anticoccidial properties. TPE's efficacy as a natural antioxidant has also been demonstrated in reducing oxidative stress and enhancing antioxidant systems to mitigate biochemical and histological changes in the jejunum caused by E. papillata. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Smoking tobacco is a serious global health problem that is associated with psychiatric disorders and increased mortality rates. Nicotine, the main compound consumed during smoking, causes damage to different organs, especially the brain. The current study assessed the modulatory impact of Teucrium polium extract (TPE) on nicotine-induced behavioral and biochemical, alterations in mice brains. Methods: Twenty-four mice were divided into four groups and treated for three weeks. Group one was control, group two was subcutaneously injected with 2.5 mg/kg nicotine, group three received 100 mg/kg TPE orally, and group four was given 2.5 mg/kg of nicotine subcutaneously after an hour of oral administration of 100 mg/kg TPE. Result: The HPLC results of the plant extract showed the presence of 11 bioactive compounds. Nicotine administration increased anxiety and decreased locomotor activity and forelimb grip strength. Dopamine, serotonin, and acetylcholinesterase activity showed a significant decline in the nicotine-induced group. Treatment with TPE showed anxiolytic effects, modulated muscle strength and locomotor activity. Also, there was an increase in neurotransmitters compared with the nicotine group. In conclusion, TPE protected against nicotine-induced neurotoxicity through modulating behavior and neurotransmitter levels in mice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

: Diabetic foot ulcer is one of the most devastating complications of uncontrolled diabetes. Although there have been advances in the management of diabetic foot ulcers, still diabetic foot ulcers are a major cause of many amputations in diabetic patients. Teucrium polium (T. polium) is widely used by folk medicine practitioners in Iran for the treatment of diabetic ulcers. The present study was designed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of topical T. polium ointment besides the standard treatment in diabetic foot ulcers. A total of 70 diabetic patients with foot ulcers grade 1 or 2 according to Wagner's scale were enrolled in this study. Patients were randomly divided into two groups. Patients in both groups received standard treatment for diabetic foot ulcers. In addition, group 1 received topical T. polium ointment, and group 2 received topical placebo ointment for 4 weeks. The T. polium and placebo ointments were rubbed twice daily two hours before the conventional dressing. The ulcer size, healing time, and laboratory tests were measured in both groups at baseline and end of the study after 4 weeks. Twenty-nine patients remained in the T. polium group and 26 in the placebo group until the end of the study. The mean surface area of ulcers was 3.52 ± 1.47 and 3.21 ± 1.67 cm2 in T. polium group and placebo group respectively at baseline which decrease to.717 ±.19 and 1.63 ±.72 cm2 respectively at the endpoint. The mean ulcer surface area was significantly lower in T. polium compared with the placebo group (p <.0001) at end of the study. Also, the number of patients that completely recovered in the T. polium group was significantly higher than the placebo group (p <.001) at the end of the study. The addition of topical T. polium ointment to standard treatment significantly improves the healing time of diabetic non-infected foot ulcers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, Teucrium polium (TP) methanolic extract, which has antidiabetic activity and protects the β-cells of the pancreas, was loaded in polyethylene oxide/sodium alginate nanofibers by electrospinning and administered sublingually to evaluate their effectiveness in type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) by cell culture and in vivo studies. The gene expressions of insulin, glucokinase, GLUT-1, and GLUT-2 improved in TP-loaded nanofibers (TPF) on human beta cells 1.1B4 and rat beta cells BRIN-BD11. Fast-dissolving (<120 s) sublingual TPF exhibited better sustainable anti-diabetic activity than the suspension form, even in the twenty times lower dosage in streptozotocin/nicotinamide-induced T2DM rats. The levels of GLP-1, GLUT-2, SGLT-2, PPAR-γ, insulin, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha were improved. TP and TPF treatments ameliorated morphological changes in the liver, pancreas, and kidney. The fiber diameter increased, tensile strength decreased, and the working temperature range enlarged by loading TP in fibers. Thus, TPF has proven to be a novel supportive treatment approach for T2DM with the features of being non-toxic, easy to use, and effective. [Display omitted] • Teucrium polium (TP) extract was loaded in nanofibers (TPF) by electrospinning. • Sublingually administered TPF showed ultra-fast drug release on diabetic rats. • TPF showed antidiabetic activity in streptozotocin/nicotinamide-induced T2DM. • TPF improved the expressions of GLP-1, GLUT-2, PPAR-γ, Insulin, and TNF-α on rats. • The regeneration effect of TPF on liver, pancreas, and kidney was shown. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oral ulcers are highly common painful conditions that harmfully affect the quality of life and require long-term therapy. Muco-adhesive preparations provide efficient and convenient delivery systems that prolong the drug retention time necessary for the different stages of ulcer healing. Therefore, the study aimed to evaluate the healing activity of Teucrium polium in a muco-adhesive formula against acetic acid-induced oral ulcers in rats. Acetic acid was applied to the inner cheeks of the rats and the muco-adhesive formula was applied once daily for 14 days. Acetic acid was found to disrupt the oral tissue histological features, increase collagen deposition, induce oxidative stress through increasing malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and decreasing superoxide dismutase and catalase activities, increase the expression of the inflammatory biomarkers, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and decreased hydroxyproline content and the expression of the factors that contribute in wound healing including transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-β1), vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 (VEGFR1), and platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta (PDGFRβ). However, the daily application of a mucoadhesive formula impregnated with T. polium, significantly restored the regular histological features of the oral tissue, decreased the concentration of MDA, TNF-α, IL-6, and COX-2, increased superoxide dismutase and catalase activities, and restored the expression of TGF-β1, VEGFR1, and PDGFRβ. Therefore, T. polium extract muco-adhesive formula can be considered a potential therapy for chronic oral ulcers.

Eimeria spp. are responsible for the economic loss of both domestic and wild animals due to coccidiosis, the most common parasitic disease. The resistance to currently available drugs used to treat coccidiosis has been proven. Medicinal plants that contain physiologically active phytochemicals have been widely used in traditional medicine. Teucrium polium leaf extract (TPLE) has been shown to exhibit pharmacological, antioxidant, and anticoccidial properties in different experiments. Here, our investigation focused on how T. polium leaf extract affected the way that Eimeria papillate caused intestinal injury in mice. Thirty-five male Swiss albino mice were divided into seven groups, as follows: group I: untreated and uninfected (negative control); group II: uninfected, treated group with TPLE (150 mg/kg b.w); and group III: infected untreated (positive control). Groups III–VII were orally administered 103 sporulated E. papillata oocysts. A total of 60 min after infection, groups IV–VI were treated for five successive days with 50, 150, and 250 mg/kg b.w TPLE, respectively, while group VII was treated with amprolium (120 mg/kg b.w.). The mice had been euthanized on the fifth day post-infection, and the jejunum tissues were prepared for histology and oxidative stress studies. A total of 150 mg/kg of TPLE was the most effective dosage, significantly decreasing oocyst output by about 80.5%, accompanied by a significant reduction in the number of developmental parasitic phases in jejunal sections. In addition, the decrease in the number of goblet cells in the jejuna of mice raised after treatment. Also, TPLE greatly diminished the body weight loss of infected mice. Moreover, our research proved that TPLE reduced oxidative damage due to E. papillata infection via decreasing intestinal malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) levels and increasing reduced superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH) levels. These results demonstrated that TPLE had potent anticoccidial properties. TPE’s efficacy as a natural antioxidant has also been demonstrated in reducing oxidative stress and enhancing antioxidant systems to mitigate biochemical and histological changes in the jejunum caused by E. papillata.

Essential oils (EOs) have been recognized as potential secondary products of aromatic plants that are environmentally friendly while performing a variety of biological properties. In this research, the essential oil of aerial parts Teucrium polium L. (Lamiaceae), collected in winter and autumn in the south of Algeria was characterized in order to better understand differences in yield, chemical composition and antimicrobial activity. Seasonal changes have been recorded in the yield and composition of T. polium L. essential oil with a percentage of 0.20% (v/w) in autumn and a highest yield 0.42% (v/w) in winter. The autumn samples contained β-pinene (23.97%) and γ-muurolene (17.7%) as the major compounds while the winter samples contained mainly camphor (22.09%) and eucalyptol (13.70%). Six different bacteria strains consisting of three Gram positive, three Gram negative bacteria and nine toxigenic fungal strains were used for antimicrobial activity. A concentration of 10 μl/ml (v/v) of both seasons essential oils inhibited the growth of Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. For the other bacterial strains, the winter essential oil was more active than the autumn one with a minimal inhibitory concentration of 5 μl/ml and 10 μl/ml respectively. The essential oils from autumn and winter seasons inhibited the growth of Listeria monocytogenes at a minimal inhibitory concentration of 20 μl/ml. These essential oils exhibited fungicidal activity at the minimal fungicidal concentrations of 20 μl/ml for some strains, while the other strains showed no fungicidal effect (>20 μl/ml). Aspergillus flavus and Fusarium graminearum were inhibited from a concentration of 10 μl/ml (v/v), whereas A. flavus and Penicillium glabrum were sensitive at a minimal fungicidal concentration of 20 μl/ml. Overall, essential oils obtained in winter show more effective antifungal activity than autumn essential oil against the majority of fungal strains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Natural sources are microbiological species and medicinal plants, which could be potential new sources for development of drugs against different diseases. Coccidiosis affects many animals and leads to great economic losses. Drug-resistant strains of Eimeria species have emerged because of overuse and misuse of drugs. In vitro, using Eimeria papillata oocyst and earthworm (Eisenia fetida), we evaluated the anticoccidial and anthelmintic effect of Teucrium polium leaves extract (TPLE). Using infrared spectroscopy showed the presence of thirteen compounds for TPLE. Mebendazole (10 mg/mL) caused paralysis and earthworm death by 13.91±0.373 and 18.2±0.980 min, respectively, while, for TPLE (100 mg/ml) were 4.23±0.077 and 4.817±0.386 min. Also, the histological study revealed obvious surface architecture abnormality for treated worms. Moreover, TPLE (300 mg/mL) and formalin (5%) at 72, 96, and 120 hrs led to inhibition of sporulation by approximately 100% with marked deformities, while TPLE (200, 100, 50, and 25 mg/mL), amprolium, DettolTM, and phenol at 120 hr approximately 65.9%, 23.6%, 4.8%, 3.2%, 12.6%, 68.4%, and 46.6%, respectively. This pilot investigation revealed that TPLE possesses anticoccidial and anthelmintic activity, encouraging additional testing in vivo to create a new medication for the treatment of coccidiosis and helminthiasis.

Objective: Paraquat (PQ) is a highly toxic herbicide that causes pulmonary fibrosis (PF), and no specific antidote is available against it. Teucrium polium L. is a plant that exhibits antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. The present study evaluates the preventive and therapeutic effects of T. polium extract (TPE) against PQ-induced lung fibrosis in rats.Materials and Methods: We divided rats into five groups of eight. Groups one and two received saline and PQ (20 mg/kg, i.p.), respectively. Groups three to five were treated with TPE (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg, by gavage) started one week before PQ administration and lasted three weeks after PQ administration.Results: Our findings showed that PQ significantly increased lung malondialdehyde, nitric oxide, hydroxyproline, lung index, Ashcroft score, red blood cells accumulation, and inflammatory cell infiltration. Moreover, PQ decreased catalase and glutathione peroxidase activities and glutathione content. The results of hematoxylin-eosin and Masson's trichrome staining indicated that PQ destroyed lung parenchyma and developed PF (p

Background and Aims: Ziziphora tenuir and Teucrium polium belong to the Labiatae family. So far, 25 and 4 species of Ziziphora tenuir have been reported in the world and Iran, respectively, which are used for novel digestive disorders, common cold, depression, and migraine. A total of 200 species of Teucrium polium have been identified in the world, and 12 species exist in Iran. The historical use of this herb dates back to the time of Hippocrates and Galen. The present study aimed to investigate some of phytochemical characteristics of two medicinal species of Ziziphora tenuir and Teucrium polium in Sarbisheh region of South Khorasan Province. Materials and Methods: In this in vitro study, the aerial parts of Ziziphora tenuir and Teucrium polium, including leaves, flowers, and flowering branches, were collected from the region at the end of July 2019, and after drying, the samples were distilled using a Clovnjer machine. The identification of the constitutive compounds of the obtained essential oils was performed using GC and GC/MS devices. Results: The main composition of the essential oil in Ziziphora tenuir in the study area was Pulegone, with 92.55%, including eight types of essential oil composition. The highest amount of effective substances was reported for phenol and antioxidant, while tannin and flavonoid had the lowest amount. 23 essential oil compounds, including Camphor (43.72) and Artemisia alcohol (18.61%) were identified as the highest amounts for Teucrium polium, while Cymene (0.42) and a-Thujone (0.24%) were reported as the lowest amounts. The effective ingredients of Teucrium polium, including Phenol and antioxidant, in contrast with flavonone and flavonoid, were respectively reported as the highest and lowest amounts. Conclusion: The high amount of Phenol in both species indicated the inhibitory power and is related to the Terpinen compounds in the essential oil of both species. On the other hand, the lower the IC50 value, the higher the inhibition of free radicals and, as a result, the higher the antioxidant property.

Background: One of the inflammatory diseases of the respiratory system is asthma. Teucrium polium (TP) has anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic properties and its anti-asthmatic effects have not been investigated yet. RORγt is an inflammatory transcription factor for Th17 differentiation. By secreting IL-17, Th17 leads to neutrophilic inflammation in the lungs. As an anti-inflammatory cytokine, IL-10 reduces the dissemination of inflammatory elements in the airways.Objective: To evaluate the effect of TP extract in asthma treatment.Methods: Thirty female Balb/c mice were distributed into 5 groups (n=6) including the control, treated with ovalbumin (OVA), and OVA+ various doses of TP (50, 150, and 300 mg/kg). All groups except the control group were sensitized to OVA solution on days 0, 7, and 14 by subcutaneous injection. The challenge was performed on days 18 to 21 by the inhalation of 1% OVA and the treatment was done with TP extract in the treatment groups, half an hour before the challenge. On day 22, the serum and spleen samples were collected to determine IL-10 serum levels and RORγt gene expression, respectively.Results: In the treatment groups, the expression of RORγt significantly decreased when using OVA+ Tp extract (150 mg/kg and 300 mg/kg), and IL-10 serum levels significantly increased when using OVA+ TP extract (150 mg/kg) compared with the OVA group.Conclusion: It is possible that TP extract can be effective in improving asthma by reducing inflammation.

Background & Objective: The biological production of nanoparticles (NPs) is a technique that has garnered a lot of interest because it is inexpensive, straightforward, and friendly to the natural environment. This study explores the green synthesis of Au-doped SnO2 NPs using Teucrium polium plant extract and evaluates their antimicrobial properties in comparison with two commonly used antibiotics. Materials & Methods: Initially, an extract of Teucrium polium was made using water, and then it was combined with solutions of tin (II) chloride dehydrate [SnCl2.2H2O] and gold (III) chloride trihydrate [HAuCl4.3H2O]. The crystal structure was studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD). The form, structure, and grain size of the NPs were analyzed using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The synthesized NPs were tested for their antibacterial properties. Results: The XRD and EDS analyses revealed that the SnO2:Au phase formed an average crystallite size of 22 nm and an Au dopant content of around 2%. The SEM and TEM investigations demonstrated that the NPs were formed in a regular and nanoscale manner, with diameters ranging from 25 to 30 nm. MIC and MBC of SnO2: Au NPs against the studied bacteria(S.aureus ATCC 43300, P.aeruginosa PAO1) were reported 9.6±0.13- 9.6±0.07 μg/mL and 25.9±11.5- 32.5±11.2 μg/mL Conclusion: Green-synthesized NPs exhibit significant antimicrobial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, even at low concentrations. The NPs effectively eliminate bacteria and prevent biofilm formation.

Healing of wounds is the most deteriorating diabetic experience. Felty germander (Teucrium polium) possesses antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activities that could accelerate wound healing. Further, nanohydrogels help quicken healing and are ideal biomaterials for drug delivery. In the current study, the chemical profiling, and standardization of T. polium methanolic extract by LC-ESI/TOF/MS/MS and quantitative HPLC-DAD analyses were achieved. The wound healing enhancement in diabetic rats by T. polium nanopreparation (TP-NP) as chitosan nanogel (CS-NG) and investigating the potential mechanisms were investigated. The prepared hydrogel-based TP-NP were characterized with respect to particle size, zeta potential, pH, viscosity, and release of major components. LC-ESI/TOF/MS/MS metabolomic profiling of T. polium revealed the richness of the plant with phenolic compounds, particularly flavonoids. In addition, several terpenoids were detected. Kaempferol content of T. polium was estimated to be 7.85 ± 0.022 mg/ g of dry extract. The wound healing activity of TP-NP was explored in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Diabetic animals were subjected to surgical wounding (1 cm diameter). Then they were divided in 5 groups (10 each). These included Group 1 (untreated control rats), Group 2 received the vehicle of CS-NG; Group 3 (0.5 g of TP prepared in hydrogel), Group 4 (0.5 g of TP-NP), Group 5 represented a positive control treated with 0.5 g of a commercial product. All treatments were applied topically for 21 days. Application of TP-NP on skin wounds of diabetic animals accelerated the healing process as evidenced by epithelium regeneration, formation of granulation tissue followed by epidermal proliferation, along with keratinization as verified by H&E. This was confirmed through enhanced collagen synthesis, as shown by raised hydroxyproline content and Col1A1 gene expression. Moreover, TP-NP significantly alleviated wound oxidative burst and diminished the expressions of inflammatory biomarkers. Meanwhile, TP-NP could enhance the expressions of transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-β1), in addition to the angiogenic markers; vascular endothelia growth factor A (VEGFA) and platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRα). Collectively, chitosan nanogel of T. polium accelerates wound healing in diabetic rats, which could be explained – at least partly – through alleviating oxidative stress and inflammation coupled with pro-angiogenic capabilities.

Objective: Paraquat (PQ) is a highly toxic herbicide that causes pulmonary fibrosis (PF), and no specific antidote is available against it. Teucrium polium L. is a plant that exhibits antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. The present study evaluates the preventive and therapeutic effects of T. polium extract (TPE) against PQ-induced lung fibrosis in rats. Materials and Methods: We divided rats into five groups of eight. Groups one and two received saline and PQ (20 mg/kg, i.p.), respectively. Groups three to five were treated with TPE (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg, by gavage) started one week before PQ administration and lasted three weeks after PQ administration. Results: Our findings showed that PQ significantly increased lung malondialdehyde, nitric oxide, hydroxyproline, lung index, Ashcroft score, red blood cells accumulation, and inflammatory cell infiltration. Moreover, PQ decreased catalase and glutathione peroxidase activities and glutathione content. The results of hematoxylin-eosin and Masson's trichrome staining indicated that PQ destroyed lung parenchyma and developed PF (p<0.05 to p<0.001). Gavage with TPE significantly improved biochemical and histological abnormalities induced by PQ in rats (p<0.05 to p<0.001). Conclusion: The current survey indicated that treatment with TPE could reduce and reverse PQ-induced PF, which may be due to the phenolic compounds present in TPE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Teucrium polium L., a member of the Lamiaceae family. The plant's leaf ingredients were extracted with hexane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol, in that order. Column chromatography (CC), thin-layer chromatography (TLC), and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were used to figure out what phenolic components were in different extracts. Through these methods, three distinct fractions were isolated, originating from ethyl acetate and ethanolic extractions. Further examination of these fractions led to the discovery of 4-Hydroxybenzoic acid, catechol and coumaric acid. The antibacterial activity of isolated components was examined through rigorous testing. To evaluate the efficacy against different types of bacteria, the disc-diffusion assay was employed. This involved testing each fraction against Staphylococcus aureus, a Gram-positive bacterium, as well as four Gram-negative bacteria, including Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella typhi, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli. Fraction (F1) was able to stop the growth of K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa, and S. aureus well with an inhibition zone of 19–21 mm. Fraction (F2) showed high activity against all types of bacteria used in this study, with an inhibition zone of 19–23 mm. This study's findings suggest that Teucrium polium holds potential as a valuable source of natural antibacterial phenolic compounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Asthma is a chronic disorder characterized by airway overreaction and remodeling, eosinophilia, and neutrophilic inflammation, accompanied by thickening of the airways and breathlessness. Teucrium polium (TP) is a plant with anti-inflammatory properties and is considered for the treatment of allergic disorders. In this study, we examined the effects of TP extract on ovalbumin (OVA)-induced asthma. Thirty female mice (5–6 weeks old) were divided into 5 groups of 6 each, including a control group and 4 groups treated with OVA, OVA + TP extract (50 mg/kg), OVA + TP extract (150 mg/kg), OVA + TP extract (300 mg/kg). Twenty-four hours after the last treatment, lung, serum, and spleen samples were collected and used for the evaluation of leukocyte infiltration, serum cytokine Interferongamma (IFN-γ) levels, and the expression of the Interleukin-12A (IL12A) gene, respectively. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was used to evaluate pathological changes in the lung tissue sections. Treatment with TP extract reduced inflammatory cells such as eosinophils and neutrophils in the airways. Furthermore, it increased serum levels of IFN-γ and IL-12A at a dose of 50, 150, and 300 mg/kg compared to the OVA group. This study showed that the administration of TP extract could improve pathological features, such as airway inflammation, and reduce systemic inflammation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Asthma is a chronic disorder characterized by airway overreaction and remodeling, eosinophilia, and neutrophilic inflammation, accompanied by thickening of the airways and breathlessness. Teucrium polium (TP) is a plant with anti-inflammatory properties and is considered for the treatment of allergic disorders. In this study, we examined the effects of TP extract on ovalbumin (OVA)-induced asthma. Thirty female mice (5–6 weeks old) were divided into 5 groups of 6 each, including a control group and 4 groups treated with OVA, OVA + TP extract (50 mg/kg), OVA + TP extract (150 mg/kg), OVA + TP extract (300 mg/kg). Twenty-four hours after the last treatment, lung, serum, and spleen samples were collected and used for the evaluation of leukocyte infiltration, serum cytokine Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) levels, and the expression of the Interleukin-12A (IL12A) gene, respectively. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was used to evaluate pathological changes in the lung tissue sections. Treatment with TP extract reduced inflammatory cells such as eosinophils and neutrophils in the airways. Furthermore, it increased serum levels of IFN-γ and IL-12A at a dose of 50, 150, and 300 mg/kg compared to the OVA group. This study showed that the administration of TP extract could improve pathological features, such as airway inflammation, and reduce systemic inflammation.

Background and Aims: Ziziphora tenuir and Teucrium polium belong to the Labiatae family. So far, 25 and 4 species of Ziziphora tenuir have been reported in the world and Iran, respectively, which are used for novel digestive disorders, common cold, depression, and migraine. A total of 200 species of Teucrium polium have been identified in the world, and 12 species exist in Iran. The historical use of this herb dates back to the time of Hippocrates and Galen. The present study aimed to investigate some of phytochemical characteristics of two medicinal species of Ziziphora tenuir and Teucrium polium in Sarbisheh region of South Khorasan Province. Materials and Methods: In this in vitro study, the aerial parts of Ziziphora tenuir and Teucrium polium, including leaves, flowers, and flowering branches, were collected from the region at the end of July 2019, and after drying, the samples were distilled using a Clovnjer machine. The identification of the constitutive compounds of the obtained essential oils was performed using GC and GC/MS devices. Results: The main composition of the essential oil in Ziziphora tenuir in the study area was Pulegone, with 92.55%, including eight types of essential oil composition. The highest amount of effective substances was reported for phenol and antioxidant, while tannin and flavonoid had the lowest amount. 23 essential oil compounds, including Camphor (43.72) and Artemisia alcohol (18.61%) were identified as the highest amounts for Teucrium polium, while Cymene (0.42) and a-Thujone (0.24%) were reported as the lowest amounts. The effective ingredients of Teucrium polium, including Phenol and antioxidant, in contrast with flavonone and flavonoid, were respectively reported as the highest and lowest amounts. Conclusion: The high amount of Phenol in both species indicated the inhibitory power and is related to the Terpinen compounds in the essential oil of both species. On the other hand, the lower the IC50 value, the higher the inhibition of free radicals and, as a result, the higher the antioxidant property. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Medicinal plants and their components are potential novel sources for developing drugs against various diseases. Teucrium polium L. (syn Teucrium capitatum L. or felty germander) from the Lamiaceae family, is widely distributed in the dry and stony places of the hills and deserts of almost all Mediterranean countries, southwestern Asia, Europe, and North Africa. Based on traditional Iranian medicine (TIM), T. polium is used for treating many diseases, including abdominal pain, indigestion, and type 2 diabetes.Materials and Methods: In our previous review article published in 2012 and based on 100 articles published from 1970 to 2010, the main compounds purified from T. polium were terpenes, terpenoids, and flavonoids with antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, hypoglycemic, hepatoprotective, hypolipidemic, antibacterial, and antifungal activities.Results: In this article, the phytochemistry and pharmacological activities of the plant reported from 2011 to 2020 have been evaluated. Therefore, a search was done in the databases PubMed, Science Direct and Google Scholar, Scopus, and Web of Science with the terms "T. polium," "T. capitatum." and felty germander’, which included about 100 articles published since 2011 about T. polium pharmacological activities and isolated compounds. Most studies of this review focused on the antioxidant and antidiabetic effects of the plantConclusion:. Considering the position of T. polium in folk medicine, mainly as an antidiabetic agent, purification, structural and biological characterization of the active components appears essential for effective use of the plant.

Background: Anopheles stephensi is an important malaria vector mosquito in Iran and other western Asian countries. In many human communities, plant products have been used traditionally instead of synthetic pesticides for mosquito control due to their minimal hazardous effects. Teucrium polium, known popularly as felty germander, has been intro-duced in Persian Medicine (PM) as an insect repellent from a long time ago. Methods: The present study was undertaken to evaluate repellent and larvicidal activity of dichloromethane (DCME-TP) and ethanolic extracts (EE-TP) of T. polium against An. stephensi under laboratory conditions. The possible chemi-cal components of the extracts were also investigated through gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS) tech-nique. Results: Based on the results, DCME-TP showed better repellent activity than EE-TP with 56.67 and 28.33 % protec-tion, respectively. Larvicidal activity of DCME-TP with 49.41% mortality was also higher than EE-TP (20.24%). The main identified constituents of DCME-TP were long chain alkanes, phenol, aromatic ester, oxaspiro and triterpenoid. While phenolic and aliphatic acid were only the identified components in EE-TP. It is notable that lupeol was detected in DCME of T. polium for the first time. Conclusion: DCME-TP can be considered as a new herbal candidate to control An. stephensi mosquitoes. Further stud­ies are required on this extract for the fractionation and identification of the active compounds, and the evaluation of their bioactivity in the laboratory and field.

Mentha suaveolens (MS), Conyza canadensis (CC), Teucrium polium (TP) and Salvia verbenaca (SV) are used in Morocco to treat hypertension. Our aim was to characterize the composition and vasoreactivity of extracts of MS, CC, TP and SV. The chemical compositions of aqueous extracts of MS, SV and TP, and of a hydromethanolic extract of CC, were identified by HPLC-DAD. The vasoreactive effect was tested in rings of the thoracic aorta of female Wistar rats (8–14 weeks-old) pre-contracted with 10 µM noradrenaline, in the absence or presence of L-NAME 100 µM, indomethacin 10 µM or atropine 6 µM, to inhibit nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase or muscarinic receptors, respectively. L-NAME and atropine decreased the vasorelaxant effect caused by low concentrations of MS. Atropine and indomethacin decreased the vasorelaxant effect of low concentrations of SV. High concentrations of MS or SV and the effect of SV and TP were not altered by any antagonist. The activation of muscarinic receptors and NO or the cyclooxygenase pathway underlie the vasorelaxant effect of MS and SV, respectively. Neither of those mechanisms underlines the vasorelaxant effect of CC and TP. These vasorelaxant effect might support the use of herbal teas from these plants as anti-hypertensives in folk medicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Prostatic complications are common among diabetic patients. Previous research demonstrates that Teucrium polium (T. polium) has beneficial effects in diabetic cases. This study, therefore, aimed to evaluate the impacts of T. polium aqueous extract on the prostate of diabetic rats. Methods: Diabetes was induced in male Wistar rats by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (50 mg/kg). a total of 40 Rats were randomly divided into the following groups: Control, Control + TP100 (TP100), Diabetic, Diabetic + TP100 (DTP100) and Diabetic + TP200 (DTP200). The intervention was done orally once per day for 56 days (8 weeks). An oral glucose tolerance test was conducted, glucose and insulin levels were assessed. Microscopic features of the ventral prostatic lobe were evaluated pathologically. Results: T. polium at both doses significantly reduced glucose levels in an insulin-independent pathway. T. polium at both doses significantly improved prostate weight, prostate epithelium height, and prostate secretory activity in comparison with the diabetic group. Interestingly, treatment of T. polium to healthy rats led to decreased epithelial height. Conclusion: It could be deduced that T. polium has useful impacts on glucose control and may prevent prostatic complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In pot culture, we investigated the allelopathic effects of 3-donor plants [Artemisia fragrans Willd., Tanacetum chiliophyllum (Fisch. & E.Mey. ex DC.) Sch.Bip. and Teucrium polium L.] on establishment of sown Medicago scutellata (L.) Mill. in shrubland invaded by grasses. We used 4-concentrations (0, 5, 10 and 20 %) of aqueous extracts of 3 -donor plant spp. (A. fragran, T. chiliophyllum and T. polium) on germination and seedlings growth of recipient M. scutellata. The seeds germination of M. scutellata decreased with increasing concentrations of aqueous extract. The T. chiliophyllum 5 % aqueous extract was least inhibitory to seeds germination of M. scutellata. While the A. fragrans 20 % aqueous extract was most inhibitory and significantly delayed the seeds germination than control. Seed vigour index in T. chiliophyllum aqueous extracts was significantly higher than other treatments and control. T. chiliophyllum 5 % aqueous extract stimulated the root length. The A. fragrans aqueous extracts were most inhibitory to plant biomass, leaf number and leaf area. The inhibitory effects of aqueous extracts of all donor plants on M. scutellata seeds germination and seedlings growth increased with increasing aqueous extracts concentrations i.e. concentration dependent. The 20 % aqueous extract of A. fragrans was most inhibitory, while, 5 % aqueous extract of T. chiliophyllum were least inhibitory. The inhibitory alleloopathic effects of donor spp ranked as A. fragrans, T. polium and T. chiliophyllum. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the allelopathic effects of introduced species on rangeland plant spp. Therefore, for sowing ofM. scutellata, the under story canopy of T. chiliophyllum is best. Moreover, the sites with low or moderate density of T. chiliophyllum and T. polium have the highest chances of success to reclaim shrubland. Whereas in areas with abundant A. fragrans, the sowing should be done cautiously due to its very drastic inhibitory effects. Additionally, the research on success of other forage species to restore the A. fragrans dominated rangelands is suggested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to present information about the traditional use and phytochemistry of T. polium, to discuss contradictory views about chemotaxonomy and its toxic effect on liver and kidneys, and to make suggestions about controversial areas and gaps in the literature. Literature data showed that T. polium has toxic effect on kidney tissue. Moreover, in some of the studies on the liver and in all clinical reports, T. polium has also been proven to have toxic effect on the liver. The components responsible for toxicity are thought to be neo-clerodane diterpenoids. However, it has been reported that flavonoids and some polyphenols in the plant also show antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. It has been concluded that more attention should be paid to the use of this plant. More clinical studies are needed to better understand the effects of T. polium on the liver. The effects of the plant on blood serum parameters and histological changes on the liver tissue should be documented in more detail. It was also concluded that that regular consumption of T. polium should be avoided for long periods of time.

Since ancient times, natural products from various plants have been used for the treatment of different diseases. Alkanna and Teucrium species have been considered medicinal plants and are used popularly around the world. So, investigating the pharmaceutical properties of these plants has been the subject of interest for many researchers. In this work, total phenolic and flavonoid content, antioxydant, antimicrobial activity and in vitro enzyme inhibition properties of Alkanna tinctoria and Teucrium polium ethanol and methanol extracts were investigated. Additionally, GC-MS analyses of oil composition of the plant extracts were performed and 21 different fatty acids were identified in A. tinctoria and 18 in T. polium. Palmitic acid was the major component in A. tinctoria and saturated fatty acids constitutes a large part of the oil composistion. On the other hand, linoleic acid was the major fatty acid in T. polium and unsaturated fatty acids constitutes a large part of the oil composition. According to the results, methanol was more effective than the ethanol for the extraction of bioactive components. Both of the extracts showed a good antioxidant activity and the inhibition of bacteria and yeasts. Slight inhibitory activity of A. tinctoria and protective action of T. polium on enzyme with other results indicate that these plant extracts have potential to control microorganisms which can be promising for food industry.

Oral ulcers are highly common painful conditions that harmfully affect the quality of life and require long-term therapy. Muco-adhesive preparations provide efficient and convenient delivery systems that prolong the drug retention time necessary for the different stages of ulcer healing. Therefore, the study aimed to evaluate the healing activity of Teucrium polium in a muco-adhesive formula against acetic acid-induced oral ulcers in rats. Acetic acid was applied to the inner cheeks of the rats and the muco-adhesive formula was applied once daily for 14 days. Acetic acid was found to disrupt the oral tissue histological features, increase collagen deposition, induce oxidative stress through increasing malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and decreasing superoxide dismutase and catalase activities, increase the expression of the inflammatory biomarkers, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and decreased hydroxyproline content and the expression of the factors that contribute in wound healing including transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-β1), vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 (VEGFR1), and platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta (PDGFRβ). However, the daily application of a mucoadhesive formula impregnated with T. polium, significantly restored the regular histological features of the oral tissue, decreased the concentration of MDA, TNF-α, IL-6, and COX-2, increased superoxide dismutase and catalase activities, and restored the expression of TGF-β1, VEGFR1, and PDGFRβ. Therefore, T. polium extract muco-adhesive formula can be considered a potential therapy for chronic oral ulcers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to formulate sodium lauryl sulfate cross-linked chitosan beads and sodium alginate-chitosan films for designing a dressing that would shorten the healing time of skin wounds. Teucrium polium extract-loaded chitosan-sodium lauryl sulfate beads (CH-SLS) and chitosan-alginate (CH-ALG) films were prepared and characterized by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The swelling properties of the CH-SLS beads were also analyzed in a water solution. The obtained Teucrium polium extract-loaded CH-SLS beads and CH-ALG films (TBF) were further incorporated into the commercial adhesive dressing. This TBF wound dressing was then investigated for evaluation of its wound healing potential in the mice using the excision wound model. Healing was assessed by the macroscopic appearance and the rate of wound contraction during 8 days. On day 4, the TBF-treated wounds exhibited 98% reduction in the wound area when they were compared with healing ointment, elastic adhesive dressing, and untreated wounds which were exhibited 63%, 43%, and 32%, respectively. Furthermore, the application of TBF dressing reduced skin wound rank scores and increased the percentage of wounds contraction. These results demonstrate that TBF dressing improves considerably the healing rate and the macroscopic wound appearance at a short delay and this application may have therapeutic benefits in wound healing.

In this study, genetic diversity analysis of eight Teucrium polium L. populations distributed in Aydın province of Türkiye was conducted using ten RAPD markers. As a result of the study, a total of 45 bands were obtained, of which eight were monomorphic and 37 were polymorphic. The total polymorphism rate was determined as 82.22%. UPGMA dendrogram consists of two clades. The lowest similarity (-0.100) was observed between the Koçarlı and Hamitler village populations, while the highest coefficient (0.646) was observed with the Çakmar (road) and Hamitler village populations. As a result, RAPD marker technique can be a useful marker for revealing the genetic diversity of Teucrium polium populations. In addition, this results it will be a references for different marker and sequence-based studies in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Medicinal plants are a rich source of disease-prevention medicinal chemicals, and their health advantages are continually expanding. Traditional treatments can help with a variety of disease conditions, but they need to be scientifically validated before they can be fully utilized. The current study was therefore conducted to evaluate the diuretic activity of ethanolic extract of Teucrium polium L. in Wistar rats. The ground aerial parts of T. polium were extracted with 70% ethanol in a Soxhlet apparatus. The Wistar rats were divided into four groups; one control group and three treatment groups that were given a reference diuretic medication (furosemide at 10 mg/kg), and ethanolic extracts of T. polium (200 and 400 mg/kg). 5 hours after the administration, the volume of urine and electrolytes (Na+, K+, and Cl) excretion were calculated. Also, diuretic index, diuretic, and saluretic activities as well as carbonic anhydrase inhibition were estimated. The results showed that the 200 and 400 mg/kg treatment groups had a significant increase (P < 0.05) in urine volume and mild diuretic activity of 0.78 and 0.99, respectively. Compared to the control group, T. polium (400 mg/kg) ethanolic extract showed a significant increase (P < 0.05) in the excretion of K+ and Cl-. Also, there was an increase in saluretic activity in the 400 mg/kg treatment group, as measured by the Na++K+, to be 528.0, compared to the control, which had a saluretic activity of 308.0. The study supports the use of T. polium as a diuretic in traditional folk medicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated the druggability, pharmacokinetics and ethyl acetate extract of Teucrium polium (EA T. polium) and the protective effect against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced liver cirrhosis in rats. The total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and scavenging activity of the extract were examined. The in vivo protective study was based on the use of an animal model of CCl4-induced liver cirrhosis. Four groups of rats have been used: Group I: control rats; Group II: received CCl4 in olive oil (0.5 mL/kg); Group III: received the EA T. polium (25 mg/kg) of pretreatment for seven days by gavage then CCl4 in olive oil by gavage for 15 days. Group IV: received the EA of T. polium for seven days (25 mg/kg). EA T. polium was found to possess significant antioxidant capacity. CCl4 caused a hepatotoxicity associated increase in both levels of AST and ALT, which were reduced back to normal values following EA T. polium pretreatment. Hepatotoxicity associated structural modifications of liver tissues and increase in thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), conjugated dienes (CD) and carbonyl proteins (CP), associated decreases in several assessed antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and catalase (CAT). The in vivo findings on the protective effect of T. polium were supported by its druggability, its pharmacokinetic properties and molecular docking assays. These results confirm the modulatory antioxidant and hepatoprotective potential of T. polium in this experimental liver cirrhosis model. T. polium phytochemicals are good candidates for further pharmaceutical explorations and drug design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cigarette smoking exacerbates respiratory diseases, while plant-derived polyphenols offer antioxidant and anti-inflammatory benefits. This study explores the effects of Rhoifolin (ROF), a polyphenol from Jordanian Teucrium polium, on lung health in rats exposed to tobacco smoke. Male rats were divided into two groups: one exposed to cigarette smoke (CS), and the other to ROF treatment alongside smoke exposure (ROF/CS). ROF was administered orally for 21 days before smoke exposure. Results showed smoke-induced lung inflammation and oxidative stress, mitigated by ROF treatment. Histological examination revealed smoke-related morphological changes in lung tissue. ROF treatment reduced oxidative stress and inflammation, as evidenced by decreased proinflammatory cytokines. In silico docking demonstrated ROF's potential as an inhibitor. This study suggests the therapeutic potential of ROF and similar polyphenols in mitigating the harmful effects of cigarette smoke on lung health., (© 2024 Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

Background: Anopheles stephensi is an important malaria vector mosquito in Iran and other western Asian countries. In many human communities, plant products have been used traditionally instead of synthetic pesticides for mosquito control due to their minimal hazardous effects. Teucrium polium, known popularly as felty germander, has been introduced in Persian Medicine (PM) as an insect repellent from a long time ago. Methods: The present study was undertaken to evaluate repellent and larvicidal activity of dichloromethane (DCMETP) and ethanolic extracts (EE-TP) of T. polium against An. stephensi under laboratory conditions. The possible chemical components of the extracts were also investigated through gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS) technique. Results: Based on the results, DCME-TP showed better repellent activity than EE-TP with 56.67 and 28.33 % protection, respectively. Larvicidal activity of DCME-TP with 49.41% mortality was also higher than EE-TP (20.24%). The main identified constituents of DCME-TP were long chain alkanes, phenol, aromatic ester, oxaspiro and triterpenoid. While phenolic and aliphatic acid were only the identified components in EE-TP. It is notable that lupeol was detected in DCME of T. polium for the first time. Conclusion: DCME-TP can be considered as a new herbal candidate to control An. stephensi mosquitoes. Further studies are required on this extract for the fractionation and identification of the active compounds, and the evaluation of their bioactivity in the laboratory and field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Teucrium polium (TP) has been traditionally used for treatment of the diabetes mellitus, kidney and liver diseases, and inflammations but some studies have reported the hepatotoxicity effects of this plant. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the effect of TP aqueous extract on the liver of the diabetic rats. Adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups: (Control) Normal rats that were gavaged with normal saline (1 mL), (TP100) Normal rats (Non-diabetic) that were gavaged with TP (100 mg/kg), (DM) diabetic model rats, which became diabetic by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (50 mg/kg), (DTP100) diabetic rats that were gavaged with TP (100 mg/kg), and (DTP200) diabetic rats that were gavaged with TP (200 mg/kg). The effects of the aqueous extract on the blood glucose, body weight, the activities of enzyme markers of liver damage (Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) and Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT)) were investigated in the serum of the control and treated groups. At the end of study liver histopathology and the total antioxidant activity (TAA) test were evaluated. Finally, obtained data were analyzed by the SPSS software (version 16). Results showed that the AST and ALT levels were significantly increased in the diabetic rats (p<0.001). A comparison of 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg doses of TP administration in diabetic rats also showed a significant difference (p=0.01), indicating a better performance of 100 mg/kg dose. No significant difference was found between the control group and rats treated by the TP (TP100) (p=0.382). Also, triglyceride (TG) and cholesterol levels were significantly decreased in the treated groups compared to the diabetic untreated group. Findings of the study revealed no hepatotoxicity, and the hepatoprotective effects of the TP were proved in the present study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Medicinal plants and their components are potential novel sources for developing drugs against various diseases. Teucrium polium L. (syn Teucrium capitatum L. or felty germander) from the Lamiaceae family, is widely distributed in the dry and stony places of the hills and deserts of almost all Mediterranean countries, southwestern Asia, Europe, and North Africa. Based on traditional Iranian medicine (TIM), T. polium is used for treating many diseases, including abdominal pain, indigestion, and type 2 diabetes. Materials and Methods: In our previous review article published in 2012 and based on 100 articles published from 1970 to 2010, the main compounds purified from T. polium were terpenes, terpenoids, and flavonoids with antioxidant, anticancer, antiinflammatory, hypoglycemic, hepatoprotective, hypolipidemic, antibacterial, and antifungal activities. Results: In this article, the phytochemistry and pharmacological activities of the plant reported from 2011 to 2020 have been evaluated. Therefore, a search was done in the databases PubMed, Science Direct and Google Scholar, Scopus, and Web of Science with the terms "T. polium," "T. capitatum." and felty germander', which included about 100 articles published since 2011 about T. polium pharmacological activities and isolated compounds. Most studies of this review focused on the antioxidant and antidiabetic effects of the plant. Conclusion:. Considering the position of T. polium in folk medicine, mainly as an antidiabetic agent, purification, structural and biological characterization of the active components appears essential for effective use of the plant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Medicinal plants, as important agricultural products, can be considered as the greatest national wealth for any country because of their vital role in promoting national goals for health and also as genetic treasures. Having a diversity of climates, Iran has a great variety of medicinal plants. Detecting the growth status of medicinal plants under drought stress conditions can lead to the cultivation of resistant plants in dry or semidry areas. In the present study, we investigated the morphological and physiological responses of ten ecotypes of the medicinal plant Teucrium polium L. native to southeastern Iran under drought stress. For this purpose, a factorial greenhouse experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with three replications. In this experiment, moisture treatments of 100, 70, and 40% of field capacity were applied. Analysis of the data showed that the morphological traits under study including stem length and fresh and dry weight of shoots decreased by 5% with increasing drought stress. Drought stress also increased root length, proline content, and phenolic compounds while decreasing chlorophyll a, b, total chlorophyll, and protein contents. The highest resistance to stress was shown by ecotypes growing in Sarcheshmeh and Kuhpayeh regions and the lowest resistance was shown by plants in Shahdad and Anbarabad regions. The results of the study indicated the relative resistance of this plant to drought stress. Therefore, it is a very suitable medicinal plant for cultivation in dry and low water areas of Iran. Among the studied ecotypes, the plants of Sarcheshmeh and Kuhpayeh regions responded 40% better to drought stress conditions and cultivation of these ecotypes in stressed areas can be recommended with more confidence.

A two-component bionanocomposite was produced with an easy and green method and was expanded to the three and four-component nanostructures. In fact, the Ag/AgCl sample with the mean diameter of about 22 nm was biosynthesized using the aqueous extract of Teucrium Polium and then it was imprinted on kaolinite to produce the Ag/AgCl/kaolinite bionanocomposite with a particle size range of 5–35 nm. For the first time, the four-component Ag/AgCl/Fe3O4/kaolinite bionanocomposite, composed of the 19 nm nanorods of Fe3O4 in the vicinity of the 29 nm Ag/AgCl nanospheres was synthesized with the same method to promote the properties and applications. All the products could be utilized in the aqueous media, as both the useful biosensors to detect of Hg2+ with a minimum concentration of 100 μM and the efficient catalysts for the reduction of 4-nitrophenol to 4-aminophenol in 10–50 min. It’s remarkable that the as-prepared composites were characterized using the various techniques such as UV-Vis, FT-IR, XRD, FE-SEM, and EDX. Further, the vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM) measurement revealed the ferromagnetic nature of Ag/AgCl/Fe3O4/kaolinite. Therefore, the four-component nanocomposite has the ability to separate easily with the aid of an external magnet, in addition to its other valuable advantages like easy work-up, and high catalytic efficiency and sensor performance.

Diabetes mellitus is an endocrine disorder and one of the most common metabolic diseases. Teucrium polium has been exerted nephro- and hepatoprotective effects. This study's objective was to determine the effects of hydroalcoholic extract of Teucrium polium (T. polium) on histopathological and biochemical markers of the liver and kidney in diabetic rats. In this experimental study, 60 male Wistar rats were divided to healthy control (group 1), diabetic control (group 2, these two groups received distilled water), treated diabetic positive control (group 3) using a dose 150 mg/kg/day metformin, and two groups treated with doses 400 (group 4) and 800 (group 5) mg/kg/BW of T. polium extracts via gavage feeding for 8 weeks. Diabetes mellitus was experimentally induced by one dose intraperitoneally injection of alloxan 120 mg/kg. Comparison of normal rats and diabetic rats revealed that kidney tissue would experience tubular changes in diabetic rats. Histopathological examination revealed a reduction in the tubular changes of kidney tissue following treatment with the extract. In addition, the T. polium extract was able to reduce the infiltration of PMN cells in the liver tissue. Also, T. polium significantly decreased blood glucose, malondialdehyde, and creatinine levels. Results suggested that T. polium extract can decrease hepato-renal damages by influencing histopathological and biochemical markers in diabetic rats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since ancient times, natural products from various plants have been used for the treatment of different diseases. Alkanna and Teucrium species have been considered medicinal plants and are used popularly around the world. So, investigating the pharmaceutical properties of these plants has been the subject of interest for many researchers. In this work, total phenolic and flavonoid content, antioxydant, antimicrobial activity and in vitro enzyme inhibition properties of Alkanna tinctoria and Teucrium polium ethanol and methanol extracts were investigated. Additionally, GC-MS analyses of oil composition of the plant extracts were performed and 21 different fatty acids were identified in A. tinctoria and 18 in T. polium. Palmitic acid was the major component in A. tinctoria and saturated fatty acids constitutes a large part of the oil composistion. On the other hand, linoleic acid was the major fatty acid in T. polium and unsaturated fatty acids constitutes a large part of the oil composition. According to the results, methanol was more effective than the ethanol for the extraction of bioactive components. Both of the extracts showed a good antioxidant activity and the inhibition of bacteria and yeasts. Slight inhibitory activity of A. tinctoria and protective action of T. polium on enzyme with other results indicate that these plant extracts have potential to control microorganisms which can be promising for food industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction Side effects of drugs have always been controversial issues in medical science. To date, sufficient researches were not performed on the side and pathological effects of Teucrium polium as an herb in the fetus. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the pathological effects of Teucrium polium hydroalcoholic extract on chorioallantoic fluid composition, weight, growth, external and internal tissues of the fetus using a chick embryo model. Materials and Methods A total of 48 Ross 308 embryonated eggs were randomly divided into 3 equal groups. In the first group (control), 0.5 CC of phosphate buffer saline and the second and third groups, Teucrium polium hydroalcoholic extract with doses of 25 and 50 mg/kg egg-weight were inoculated into the eggs. Embryos were allowed to develop until day 18 and then examined for macroscopic and microscopic lesions. Results Injection of e hydroalcoholic extract caused a disturbance in the weight, growth, and biochemical factors of the chorioallantoic fluid during the growth period. The most pathological effects were observed in the brain, lung, heart, liver, and kidney of the embryos which received the Teucrium polium hydroalcoholic extract at a dose of 50 mg/kg. Conclusion Teucrium polium hydroalcoholic extract can produce various pathological effects in the external organ, internal organ, and the chorioallantoic fluid. Considering the consumption of this herb in different regions of Iran, it is recommended that its usage be taken with caution, especially during pregnancy.

Today use of functional food, such as probiotic products, is important due to their health benefits against diseases. In this study the essential oil of Ducrosia anethifolia and Teucrium polium (DAEO and TPEO, respectively) were added to probiotic yogurt to investigate their effects on the survival of probiotic bacteria (Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium bifidum bacteria) during 21 days and assess its various properties. The results showed upon increasing the concentration of DAEO and TPEO, the value of acidity and viscosity of yogurt treatments increased, and the pH and syneresis showed a decreasing trend (P<٠.٠۵). The survivability of the investigated probiotic bacteria demonstrated a decreased trend during storage in all treatments, but finally, the number of probiotic bacteria in all treatments was significantly higher than that of the control samples. Finally based on the results of all tests, the addition of 0.03% of DAEO is the best way to realize the goals of the research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Teucrium polium has been used in traditional medicine as antifungal, antipyretic, antispasmodic, and antibacterial. It is consumed by many jordanians for the treatment of many diseases. The effects of this plant have been investigated in kidney, liver, and brain. Its antidiabetic, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anticancer effects have been introduced. Polyphenolic compound, flavonoids, monoterpenes, alkanoides, and essential oils were identified. Several studies revealed that this plant has a hypoglycemic effect and can help to control blood sugar. It was reported that plants containing flavonoids and phenolics compounds exhibit a large array of biological activities like genotoxicity (chromosomal aberrations and sister chromatid exchange) and oxidative stress damage. These phytochemicals are found in herbal and vegetables plants, as well as being reliably protective against oxidative stress damage and lipid peroxidation. In addition, T. polium has secondary effects on different organs, namely liver, kidney and at high doses this plant becomes toxic. In conclusion, this review investigates many pharmacologicals properties and side effects of T. polium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The green synthetic method has remarkably been used to synthesize many types of nanostructures, such as nanoparticles and nanocomposites, due to simple, inexpensive, and eco-friendly ways. In the present study, silver nanoparticles and Ag/AgFeO2 core–shell nanocomposites were synthesized, using Teucrium polium extract as a reducing and stabilizing agent. Synthesized nanoparticles and nanocomposites were characterized using several physical techniques, including dynamic light scattering method, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and ultraviolet–visible absorption spectroscopy. The mean size of the synthesized nanocomposites was 90.80 nm with a nearly spherical shape, successfully silver coating by AgFeO2 shell. Density functional theory simulations were used to evaluate nanoparticles' and nanocomposites' absorption band mechanisms. The antimicrobial properties of both Ag NPs and Ag/AgFeO2 against different types of fungi and bacteria were studied. The Ag/AgFeO2 NCs revealed superior antifungal and antibacterial efficacy even in lower concentrations compared to Ag NPs that could be applied for biomedical applications in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to formulate sodium lauryl sulfate cross-linked chitosan beads and sodium alginate-chitosan films for designing a dressing that would shorten the healing time of skin wounds. Teucrium polium extract-loaded chitosan-sodium lauryl sulfate beads (CH-SLS) and chitosan-alginate (CH-ALG) films were prepared and characterized by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The swelling properties of the CH-SLS beads were also analyzed in a water solution. The obtained Teucrium polium extract-loaded CH-SLS beads and CH-ALG films (TBF) were further incorporated into the commercial adhesive dressing. This TBF wound dressing was then investigated for evaluation of its wound healing potential in the mice using the excision wound model. Healing was assessed by the macroscopic appearance and the rate of wound contraction during 8 days. On day 4, the TBF-treated wounds exhibited 98% reduction in the wound area when they were compared with healing ointment, elastic adhesive dressing, and untreated wounds which were exhibited 63%, 43%, and 32%, respectively. Furthermore, the application of TBF dressing reduced skin wound rank scores and increased the percentage of wounds contraction. These results demonstrate that TBF dressing improves considerably the healing rate and the macroscopic wound appearance at a short delay and this application may have therapeutic benefits in wound healing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Consumption of plant compounds play a crucial role in promoting health by improving the nutritional value of diet and preventing several chronic conditions such as cancer, cardiovascular, diabetes and neurological diseases. The current work aimed to analyse qualitatively and quantitatively the stem and leave extracts of Teucrium polium L. (Lamiaceae) grown in Libya for proximate, nutritional and phytochemical constituents as well as their biological properties. Methanolic extracts of leaves and stems were employed to evaluate their content of some of the primary and secondary compounds by several standard methods using a spectrophotometer. Additionally, the antioxidant properties of extracts were assessed using various in vitro systems including 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), nitric oxide (NO) radicals scavenging ability, Lipid peroxidation activity, phosphomolybdenum reduction, and reducing power activity at different concentrations (6.25 to 100 mg/ml). Moreover, the cytotoxic effect of extracts was tested by measuring the Hemolytic activity against human red blood cells (hRBCs) while the anti-inflammatory was investigated by measuring the Inhibition of albumin denaturation. Results showed that the leaves had a higher concentration of carbohydrates, protein, fat, phenols, flavonoids, flavanols, tannins, catechins and coumarins, whereas the stems had a higher concentration of alkaloids. Correspondingly, the leaves displayed higher antioxidant properties (specifically, combatting lipid peroxidation) and a greater prevention of albumin denaturation than the stems. Both extracts inhibited hemolysis. Our findings provided valuable insight into the efficacy and applicability of plant compounds in the food and pharmaceutical industries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]