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ÖZ: Tyche, Yunan tanrı ve tanrıçalarının soylarından gelmeyen, zamanla kişileştirilerek tanrı kimliği kazanmış soyut bir kavramdır. Bu soyut kavramın bir tanrıçaya dönüşmesi büyük ölçüde İ.Ö. 4 yüzyılda ve Hellenistik Dönem’de gerçekleşmiştir. Tyche, tanrıça olarak kişileştirilmeden önce kaderin ve talihin belirleyicisi olarak kabul edilmekte idi. Yunan Pantheon’una geç girmiş bir tanrıça olduğu için betimleme tiplerinde çok çeşitlilik görülmemektedir. Tyche ve Kybele betimlemeleri çoğunlukla birbiri ile çok benzer şekilde yapılabilmektedirler. Özellikle sur bedenli polosa sahip betimlemelerinde bu benzerlikler çokça görülmektedir. Bu bağlamda iki Tanrıçanın betimlemelerini zaman zaman birbirinden ayırmak çok zor olabilmektedir. Bu çalışmada Tire Müze’sinden bulunmuş olan bir başın Kybele’yi mi Tyche’yi mi temsil ettiğinin tespit edilmesi amaçlanmıştır. ABSTRACT: Tyche is an abstract concept that did not come from the lineage of Greek gods and goddesses, but was personified in time and became a god. The transformation of this abstract concept into a god was largely realised in the 4th century BC and the Hellenistic period. Before being personified as a god, Tyche was regarded as the determinant of fate and fortune. Since she is a goddess who entered the Greek Pantheon late, there is not much variety in her depictions.Tyche and Kybele depictions can often be made in a very similar way to each other. These similarities are especially seen in depictions with a trumpet-shaped polo. In this context, it can sometimes be very difficult to separate the depictions of the two Goddesses from each other. This study aims to determine whether a head found in the Tire Museum represents Kybele or Tyche.

Excavation during the 2023 field season at Poggio Civitate focused on areas immediately west of Piano del Tesoro and further refined our understanding of the form and development of the building known as Early Phase Orientalizing Complex Building 4 (abbreviated EPOC4). In addition, excavation re-examined the western area of Orientalizing Complex Building 2/Workshop (abbreviated OC2/Workshop) as well as areas immediately north of OC2/Workshop. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Babylon Center for Humanities Studies is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Dokuz Eylul University Journal of Graduate School of Social Sciences is the property of Dokuz Eylul University Graduate School of Social Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Ballıcaoluk, one of the excavation areas of the Mount Nif (Olympos) Excavation, is a fortified settlement within the borders of Vişneli village in Kemalpaşa (Nymphaion), on the east side of Mt. Nif. The settlement, excavated from 2008 on, has yielded finds from the end from the 8th century BCE to the Byzantine Period. Settlements and necropoleis at Mt. Nif, which are not mentioned in ancient sources, are located in the Ionia-Lydia border. This paper deals with the possible production site and cultural context of a terracotta figurine fragment (inventory number: Nif.PT.22-1) recovered from a house within the settlement. Alongside the examination of the fragment, the other finds (pottery, metal finds and coins) from the residential area in Ballıcaoluk settlement, and other figurine fragments from the necropolis in Dağkızılca nearby, are taken into consideration. With reference to the building phases of the house and on stylistic grounds, the figurine fragment has been dated to the 3rd to mid-2nd century BCE. Although local clay pottery fragments are known, there is no evidence of figurine or figurine mould production in the vicinity of Mt. Nif. The results of the XRD analysis were compared with the results of other figurine producing centres and with samples taken from the neighbouring clay deposits (Bozköy), and from these a proposal is presented for the possible production site. The interactions between influential workshops in the region in terms of style and subject, and the previously published figurine fragments from Dağkızılca and Ballıcaoluk, indicate the influence of the Smyrna-Ephesus-Pergamon workshops. Although the grotesque/ethnic type figurine fragment from Ballıcaoluk is similar to the figurine “attributed to Smyrnaean”, it is similar to the Ephesus type 2 and type 4 in terms of clay structure. When both the style and clay structure of Ballıcaoluk figurine fragment are evaluated, as well as the small terracotta finds and figurine fragments from Dağkızılca are taken into consideration, it has been observed that there was cultural and commercial interaction with Smyrna and Ephesus during the Hellenistic Period.

Copyright of Arkeoloji Dergisi is the property of Ege University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Terracotta Bull Figurines are among the most significant finds from the 8th and 7th centuries BCE in the Knidos territory. Major centers where these figurines have been discovered include the Emecik Apollo Sanctuary, Knidos, Burgaz, and Kumyer. In the Knidos territory, bull figurines were produced using three different techniques: hand-shaped, wheel-made, and hollowformed. Figurines found at Emecik, Knidos, and Kumyer were crafted in three distinct body types. The bull figurines, which have survived to this day in fragments, consist of body, head, and leg parts. The bodies of these figurines in this group were made in a cylindrical form on a wheel. The cylindrical bodies were sealed with clay slabs on both ends, and details such as the head, legs, penis, anus, and tail were added later. The outer surface of the wheel-made bodies was burnished with a spatula-like tool, thus removing the wheel marks. In the hollow-formed figurines, the body was shaped by hand. It is likely that hollow bull figurines required less time and skill compared to the wheel-made ones. In our study, wheel-made and hollow bull figurines, which had not been comprehensively evaluated before, have been assessed, identified, dated, and their significance for the Dodecanese region explained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Egyptian Journal of Archaeological & Restoration Studies is the property of Sohag University, Archaeological & Restoration Center and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

ÖZ: Arkeolojik sahtecilik, araştırmacıları, koleksiyoncuları veya kamuyu aldatmak amacıyla yapılan sahte eserler, yazıtlar veya diğer arkeolojik materyalleri ifade etmektedir. Sahtecilik, arkeoloji ve sanat tarihi dünyasında uzun süredir devam etmektedir. Sahte eserlerin tespit edilebilmesi arkeologlar, sanat tarihçileri, malzeme bilimcileri, dil bilimciler ve diğer uzmanlar arasındaki iş birliğini içeren çok disiplinli bir yaklaşım gerektirmektedir. Bu çalışmada eserlerin otantisitesi araştırmalarında uygulanacak malzeme karakterizasyonu ile ilişkili inceleme süreci önerilmektedir. Eserin tanımlanması farklı malzemelerin işlem/üretim zinciri (chaîne opératoire) içerisinde ve arkeolojik bilgi birikimi kapsamında değerlendirilmektedir. Arkeolojik buluntuların bu zincir içinde tanımlanması fiziksel, kimyasal, biçimsel ve estetik özelliklerinin daha iyi sınıflandırılmasını sağlamaktadır. Çalışmada, taş, pişmiş toprak ve metal hammaddeden yapılan arkeolojik eserlerin işlem zinciri bağlamında incelenmesinde kullanılan malzeme karakterizasyonu yöntemlerinden bahsedilmiştir. Ayrıca gerçekliği incelenen eserlerin patina tabakasının analizlerinin, bu tabakanın doğal ya da yapay olarak oluşması ile ilgili bilgi verdiği belirtirmiştir. Sonuç olarak arkeolojik buluntuların malzeme analizlerinin detaylı olarak değerlendirilmesinin, sahte eserlerin belirlenmesi sırasında karşılaştırma için veri sağlaması bakımından önemi vurgulanmıştır. Ayrıca çalışmada RGB ve CIE XYZ renk analizi yöntemleri ile gerçek eserlerden elde edilen ölçümler ile oluşturulacak bir veri bankası ileride çok daha kısa zamanda ve az maliyetli olarak ön değerlendirme yapılmasına olanak sağlayacağı önerilmiştir. ABSTRACT: Archaeological forgery refers to forged artifacts, inscriptions, or other archaeological material made with the intent to deceive researchers, collectors, or the public. Forgery has long existed in the world of archeology and art history. Identifying counterfeit artifacts requires a multidisciplinary approach that includes collaboration between archaeologists, art historians, materials scientists, linguists, and other experts. In this study, a process related to the material characterization to be applied in the research of the authenticity of the works is suggested. The identification of the artifact is evaluated within the chaîne opératoire of various materials. The identification of archaeological finds in this chain provides a better classification of their physical, chemical, formal, and aesthetic features. In the study, material characterization methods used in the analysis of archaeological artifacts made of stone, terracotta, and metal raw materials in the context of the process chain are mentioned. It is also stated that the analysis of the patina layer of the works whose authenticity was examined gives information about the natural or artificial formation of this layer. As a result, the importance of detailed evaluation of material analysis of archaeological finds is emphasized in terms of providing data for comparison during the identification of counterfeit artifacts. In addition, it has been suggested in the study that a database to be created with measurements obtained from real works with RGB and CIE XYZ color analysis methods will allow preliminary evaluation in a much shorter time and with less cost in the future.

It is known that ceramic–polymer composite materials can be used to manufacture spherical bodies in the category of balls. Since balls are frequently subjected to compression loads, the paper presents some research results on the compression behavior of balls made of ceramic composite materials with a polymer matrix. The mathematical model of the pressure variation inside the balls highlights the existence of maximum values in the areas of contact with other parts. Experimental research was carried out on balls with a diameter of 20 mm, manufactured by 3D printing from four ceramic–polymer composite materials with a polymer matrix: pottery clay, terracotta, concrete, and granite. The same ceramic–polymer composite material was used, but different dyes were added to it. A gravimetric analysis revealed similar behavior of the four materials upon controlled heating. Through the mathematical processing of the experimental results obtained by compression tests, empirical mathematical models of the power-type function type were determined. These models highlight the influence exerted by different factors on the force at which the initiation of cracks in the ball materials occurs. The decisive influence of the infill factor on the size of the force at which the cracking of the balls begins was found. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Between 2015 and 2020, many Gallo-Roman terracotta figurines from three collections (musée Anne de Beaujeu, musée Bargoin, and musée archéologique de l’Oise) were studied and underwent a process of preservation-restoration. The cleaning and close observation of the surfaces have given a better knowledge of fabrication and decoration techniques. The restoration has allowed a better clarity of the figurines while respecting their original shape.

The material study of about twenty figurines from Tarsus concerns the characterization of the terracotta support and the analysis of the polychromy. The clay paste, rich in calcium, is homogeneous within the corpus; its analysis is sometimes polluted by the presence of an enigmatic gypseous “mortar”. On the contrary, the polychromy is marked by a rich palette of materials : ground layer with Huntite, pigments (Egyptian blue, green earth, Mimetite, Red lead, …), colorant (madder) and metallic leaf ; and by diversified implementations. These data establish the basis for a thought about potential workshop criteria.

In 2020, an archaeological monitoring was carried out along the optical cable route between km 110+800–115+200. This route passes through several sites included in the Archaeological Map of Bulgaria. The information about them was updated. Between km 112+050 and km 112+150 we registered cultural layer and coins from the second half of the 1st c. and the first quarter of the 5th c. AD. The remains of two rooms of the Roman period were excavated at km 112+250. They are the part of a settlement falling within the urban territory of Heraclea Sintica. The materials found (pottery sherds, terracotta and coins) indicate that the site was inhabited from the second half of the 1st c. AD to the first quarter of the 5th c. AD. The chronology of the habitation corresponds to the second, third and fourth settlement periods of the development of the ancient city of Heraclea Sintica. At km 112+320 we registered a stratigraphic section with three stages of habitation from the Roman period. The study of the pottery from the two rooms at km 112+250 shed some light on the human development in southwest Bulgaria in Antiquity, and especially the districts within the urban territory of Heraclea Sintica.

Copyright of Dokuz Eylul University Journal of Graduate School of Social Sciences is the property of Dokuz Eylul University Graduate School of Social Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this study we present the serendipitous discovery of a terracotta musical instrument dating back to the Turdetanian period. The object in question is a female figurine with a whistle modeled on its reverse side and was found in the Laguna Dulce of Coto de Doñana, Huelva. The figurine exhibits significant wear and tear due to erosion and rolling, making the observation of its details challenging. This discovery occurred during field investigations focused on the impact of desiccation on the flora and fauna of the lagoon in September 2023. It is worth noting that the Laguna Dulce is part of a group of lagoons that were once much larger, and this figurine likely remained submerged until the recent drying of the body of water. This archaeological find provides valuable insights into the musical culture and history of the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract This study analyzed how the compositional variability of dimension stone residues influences the characteristics of rustic porous ceramic tiles. The specimens were prepared by adding 20 wt% of dimension stone residue to the clay and sintered at 1000 °C for 1 h. The testing assays performed were physical properties and structural analysis through scanning electron microscopy. The results indicate that water absorption was lower (~9% to 14%) in samples containing silicate residues compared to carbonate residues (~16%). Apparent porosity of ~21% to 25% and shrinkage of 0.5% to 1.6% were measured in silicate samples while higher apparent porosity of ~30% and expansion of -0.04% were found in carbonate samples. Flexural strength and modulus of rupture were similar, ~16 MPa and ~330 N, respectively, for both sample sets. The samples containing silicate residues whose SiO2 content was between 48% and 58% and the sum of alkaline and alkaline earth oxides was less than 18% were suitable for manufacturing rustic porous ceramic tile, while residues with high SiO2 or carbonate contents impaired the properties of the ceramic bodies. Therefore, it is recommended that the dimension stone residues intended for use in ceramic tiles be previously separated according to chemical and mineralogical characteristics.

In 2020, an archaeological monitoring was carried out along the optical cable route between km 110+800-115+200. This route passes through several sites included in the Archaeological Map of Bulgaria. The information about them was updated. Between km 112+050 and km 112+150 we registered cultural layer and coins from the second half of the 1st c. and the first quarter of the 5th c. AD. The remains of two rooms of the Roman period were excavated at km 112+250. They are the part of a settlement falling within the urban territory of Heraclea Sintica. The materials found (pottery sherds, terracotta and coins) indicate that the site was inhabited from the second half of the 1st c. AD to the first quarter of the 5th c. AD. The chronology of the habitation corresponds to the second, third and fourth settlement periods of the development of the ancient city of Heraclea Sintica. At km 112+320 we registered a stratigraphic section with three stages of habitation from the Roman period. The study of the pottery from the two rooms at km 112+250 shed some light on the human development in southwest Bulgaria in Antiquity, and especially the districts within the urban territory of Heraclea Sintica. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the art of producing terracotta, part of an important cultural heritage in Medet, Tavas region, Denizli province (Turkey). The case study examined the works of Hasan Hüseyin Savçı's family, the only representative of the terracotta art in Denizli. The aim of the undertaken research is to describe, analyze and evaluate the importance of the handicraft for the preservation of the cultural heritage of the region. The research used document analysis, which is one of the qualitative research methods, and additionally a partially structured questionnaire as a data collection tool. The field research was conducted in the Medet District. The undertaken research and analysis of the collected material confirm the great importance of the works of successive generations of the Savçı family for the preservation of the cultural heritage of the region dating back to the early Bronze Age. The handicraft of Necip Savçı, reconstructions and reinterpretations of the works are characterized by exceptional artistry. Research on the local raw material, a structured interview allowed for the documentation of terracotta production techniques and the problems related to their sale. The results of the research emphasized the importance of cultural heritage, such as terracotta, for the preservation of local identity, and at the same time being an important tourist attraction.

Humanity need for lighting, first benefiting from daylight and lighting a fire, and then torch, oil lamp and candle etc. resolved with tools. In almost every period, lamps appear in different forms according to the needs and art of the age. The subject of the study is the terracotta lamps which found during the archaeological excavations carried out between 2018-2021 in Anemurium, one of the most important centers and harbor cities of the Rough Cilicia. The majority of the examined lamps were obtained from the excavations of the Central (III 5) Bath and the rest from the Small (III 15) Bath and Necropolis Church. In this study nine lamps were examined, six of which were mold-made and three were wheel-made. Although three different types were identified in the mold-made lamps group; only one type of wheel-made lamps were found. There is only one example of Type I (Atlante Type VIII B), three examples of Type II (Vessberg Type 19 (Oziol 4th Series) and two examples of Type III (Vessberg Type 20), and three examples of Type IV, which is thought to be produced in Anemurium. Although figural, floral and geometric decorations are observed on the mold-made lamps, no ornamental elements are found on the wheel-made examples. The earliest of the evaluated lamps is Type I (Atlante Type VIII B), dating to the end of the 4th century AD, while the others belong to the 6th-7th centuries AD. These data show that the preference for mold-made lamps were prominent in Anemurium with a rate of approximately 67 percent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Conservation research has a main role to play during the decision-making process of restoration - how an object should look, what should be removed, what should be clearly exposed, and how to connect history and conservation with the aesthetic effects expected by the owner. In many situations we do not have enough historic material to fully establish this. In this article we would like to describe the process and steps taken during micro-chemistry research to identify the original technology used in the painting and gilding layers of a terracotta sculpture, dated to the late nineteenth century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

New Zealand institutions and private collectors use both QuakeHold!™ Museum Wax and Rhoplex® N-580 to temporarily secure their objects on display, though the manufacture of Rhoplex® N-580 was discontinued in 2018. This paper studies the efficacy of a select group of adhesives to produce similar stabilising effects for terracotta and glass objects during seismic events, while also exhibiting properties which meet standards for conservation and display. Shake-table and tilt table test methods were used to imitate the effects of an earthquake on two types of objects secured to painted medium-density fibreboard or acrylic. Lascaux® 303HV shows promise for use as a temporary adhesive for small objects on display. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the Roman world there were four types of masks: military, theatrical, funerary and ritual, each with a specific utility. But they were all generically called personae, to show that when they were worn, they changed the identity of the wearer. Ritual masks were usually used in processions related to the worship of Bacchus, called Bacchanalia or could sometimes have an apotropaic-domestic role, for example, in Lugdunum (Lyon, France) were found many fragments of masks in the peristyle of the house, where they were hung to protect the house from evil spirits. They were made in most cases of clay and were shaped in a mould or simply on the potter's wheel. On the sides they had perforated holes, to which they were connected with the help of leather straps. And on the side that sticked to the face, they had pieces of cloth placed there in order to not scratch the wearer. The characters from Fabulae Attelanae were used as models, giving a comic air to the hole procession. In Dacia were discovered only three masks of this category, at: Apulum, Cristeștii Ciceului and Micăsasa [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Acta Archaeologica Lodziensia is the property of Lodz Scientific Society / Lodzkie Towarzystwo Naukowe and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study analyzed how the compositional variability of dimension stone residues influences the characteristics of rustic porous ceramic tiles. The specimens were prepared by adding 20 wt% of dimension stone residue to the clay and sintered at 1000 °C for 1 h. The testing assays performed were physical properties and structural analysis through scanning electron microscopy. The results indicate that water absorption was lower (~9% to 14%) in samples containing silicate residues compared to carbonate residues (~16%). Apparent porosity of ~21% to 25% and shrinkage of 0.5% to 1.6% were measured in silicate samples while higher apparent porosity of ~30% and expansion of -0.04% were found in carbonate samples. Flexural strength and modulus of rupture were similar, ~16 MPa and ~330 N, respectively, for both sample sets. The samples containing silicate residues whose SiO2 content was between 48% and 58% and the sum of alkaline and alkaline earth oxides was less than 18% were suitable for manufacturing rustic porous ceramic tile, while residues with high SiO2 or carbonate contents impaired the properties of the ceramic bodies. Therefore, it is recommended that the dimension stone residues intended for use in ceramic tiles be previously separated according to chemical and mineralogical characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of IWNW is the property of Ain Shams University, Faculty of Archaeology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Arkhaia Anatolika: The Journal of Anatolian Archaeological Studies is the property of Arkhaia Anatolika and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In the 5th c. BCE, Rome is understood to have experienced a moment of transition. Scholars highlight evidence for warfare absent widespread triumph, social conflict within Rome, and regional disruption in established power dynamics, trade networks, and material cultures. Despite a revised understanding of the period, wherein narratives of decline were superseded by those of transformation, the long century after the purported fall of monarchy, especially in its middle and later portions, remains segregated in scholarship from the Archaic period and Middle Republic. This article seeks to reframe the moment as integral to events both before and after it. By way of an examination of material remains of architectural projects, I argue that disciplinary preferences for periodization, a Rome-centered historical telos, and hierarchical material taxonomies have manufactured an absence of remains and activity, and I suggest that the field categorically moves away from these practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Agricultural and municipal wastewater effluents contain valuable nutrients which can be recovered and recycled for agricultural application to close the gap between the urban food consumers and rural agricultural producers. This paper presents a detailed evaluation of novel and sustainable materials for the construction of microbial electrochemical systems. Terracotta (an earthly material) and agricultural waste derived biochar materials were used to construct a microbial electrochemical system to enable nutrient capture and electricity generation from the organic substrates present in agricultural wastewaters. Municipal and agricultural (dairy production) wastewaters were evaluated for the potential resource recovery in the novel, sustainable microbial electrochemical systems. The effect of influencing parameters such as external resistance and COD concentrations on the performance of terracotta-biochar bioelectrochemical systems was studied. Appreciable levels of COD, N and P removals were observed. Moreover, the power densities of 0.45 W/m3 and 1.26 W/m3 were recorded for synthetic municipal (500 mgCOD/L) and dairy wastewater (2500 mgCOD/L), respectively. The SEM and EDX analysis results from this study confirm the beneficial use of sustainable materials for resource recovery applications in agricultural systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of International Social Sciences Academic Researches / Uluslararası Sosyal Bilimler Akademik Araştırmalar Dergisi is the property of Journal of International Social Sciences Academic Researches and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper brings to the attention the newly discovered terracotta mask from the classical Decapolis city of Gerasa/Jerash in Jordan dated to the Roman period. The aim of this paper is to describe and to identify the personification and the function of the mask. The authors conclude that the mask is a miniature replica for character representing Hercules used as souvenir. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Getty’s Etruscan painted terracotta wall panel, Athletic Official, recently has been speculated to be associated with a Caeretan wall panel depicting a Discobolus based on a shared iconography. To better understand the materials and techniques used to create the Getty panel and investigate its relation to extant Etruscan painted terracotta panels, a multi-analytical study was conducted, using broadband visible, IR, and UV imaging, along with scanning MA-XRF, FORS, Raman, SEM-EDS, and XRD analytical techniques. The analytical results together with PCA analysis suggest the clay support of the Getty panel is most similar in composition to that of panels from Cerveteri. A manganese black was identified in the decorative scheme; not commonly employed, this appears to be an important marker for the workshop practice in Cerveteri. Most significantly, the use of MA-XRF scanning allowed for invisible ruling lines on the Athletic Official, presumably laid down at the earliest stages of the creation of the panel, to be visualized. Taken together, the results of this study provide new insights into Caeretan workshop practice as well as provide a framework for better understanding the design and execution of Etruscan polychromy.

In 64 B.C., the Romans turned Syria into a Roman province and this occupation continued, with many vicissitudes, until 638 A.D. when it fell into Arab hands. This occupation originated an important material and social development for almost 400 years. The oil lamps located in Syria were objects located in hypogea (funeral contexts) and in cut pits (domestic contexts) mainly along the Syrian coast, showing aspects of the social, cultural and domestic life.From the data published in the scientific literature, four quantitative variables (length, width, discus diameter and shape index) and two qualitative variables of great archaeological relevance (context and chronology) from Syria oil lamps have been recorded, which has allowed us to analyze the oil lamps by applying bivariate and multivariate statistical analysis. The results obtained indicate different factory patterns regarding the context and chronology as well.The application of Cluster Analysis provides a classification of the oil lamps into a large group consisting of small and very rounded lamps, perhaps dedicated to domestic and everyday use, versus other group with larger and highly stylized lamps, possibly with functionality more associated with burials or ceremonial rituals. Also, the graphics sequences of each variable constitute a pattern for the lamps in each cluster with respect to the metric variables, allowing to graphically comparison between the oil lamps and the variable values also.

Background: Symptomatic arsenic toxicity has not been associated with terracotta pottery despite thousands of years of use in food storage and preparation. We describe a case of chronic arsenic toxicity from undiagnosed pica involving the ingestion of terracotta pots.Case Report: A 49-year-old woman with a history of anemia and abnormal uterine bleeding presented to the Emergency Department complaining of lower extremity pain. She was also noted to have chronic lower extremity paresthesia, constipation, and fatigue. She admitted to ingesting glazed and unglazed terracotta pots for the past 5 years. This unusual craving was thought to be a manifestation of pica in the setting of chronic anemia. The patient was found to have an elevated urinary arsenic concentration of 116 µg/24 h. An abdominal radiograph showed opacifications throughout her bowel, and she received whole bowel irrigation. WHY SHOULD AN EMERGENCY PHYSICIAN BE AWARE OF THIS?: Pica is a common behavior in certain populations. Practicing clinicians should be familiar with the complications of pica, including chronic arsenic toxicity and its associated array of nonspecific symptoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Because of the Greek climate, few textile fibres of animal or vegetable origin have survived. The absence of significant archaeological evidence makes it difficult to study the appearance of ancient clothing. The production of terracotta figurines provides numerous iconographic testimonies of clothing ornaments, which should be classified to provide a maximum of information. The corpus makes it possible to illustrate the richness of the adornment present on clothing and to follow the evolution of its use thanks to objective data. It also provides a better understanding of archaeological textiles, currently very fragmentary. This article presents the methodology adopted for research and the issues that guided it.

In preparation for exhibition, an ancient Greek terracotta krater received treatment which included selective in-painting with cadmium orange (CdSSe). After one year on display the object displayed disfiguring alteration in select areas of restoration. Cross-section analysis of samples taken from the object revealed that alteration only occurred in areas where the paint was in direct contact with darkened and abraded areas of the terracotta surface, in which analysis found the presence of chlorine. The alteration was recreated in mock-ups for more in-depth analysis. Using Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-rays (SEM-EDS) it was discovered that selenium-rich structures were forming throughout the paint films. The observed alteration is the result of degradation of the CdSSe pigment which occurs in the presence of chlorine and light. This research highlights the need for careful selection of restoration materials when dealing with objects suspected to contain residual chloride ions if desalination cannot be undertaken.

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The article presents the art of producing terracotta, part of an important cultural heritage in Medet, Tavas region, Denizli province (Turkey). The case study examined the works of Hasan Hüseyin Savçı's family, the only representative of the terracotta art in Denizli. The aim of the undertaken research is to describe, analyze and evaluate the importance of the handicraft for the preservation of the cultural heritage of the region. The research used document analysis, which is one of the qualitative research methods, and additionally a partially structured questionnaire as a data collection tool. The field research was conducted in the Medet District. The undertaken research and analysis of the collected material confirm the great importance of the works of successive generations of the Savçı family for the preservation of the cultural heritage of the region dating back to the early Bronze Age. The handicraft of Necip Savçı, reconstructions and reinterpretations of the works are characterized by exceptional artistry. Research on the local raw material, a structured interview allowed for the documentation of terracotta production techniques and the problems related to their sale. The results of the research emphasized the importance of cultural heritage, such as terracotta, for the preservation of local identity, and at the same time being an important tourist attraction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Book review

The article discusses sculptural decoration of the façades of the Riga Stock Exchange building (1852–1860, architect Harald Bosse), which consists of terracotta sculptures and medallions with emblematic and allegorical content created in the workshop of the Danish sculptor David Jensen in St. Petersburg. When developing the design of the Stock Exchange building in the Venetian Renaissance forms, the architect Harald Bosse intended to enrich its façades with sculptures and reliefs illustrative of the Riga Stock Exchange transactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Clazomenian Sarcophagi is one of the important field of study regarding the Ionian pictorial art during the Archaic and Classical periods. These sarcophagi made their appearances in Clazomenae in the third quarter of the 7th century B.C. and preserved their existence well into the Classical period. The discussions on styles and chronology of painters who decorated them are still ongoing. One of the most authentic sarcophagus painter who produced in the 5th century B.C. is Hopkinson Painter the individual who was defined by R.M. Cook. More sarcophagi have been unearthed elsewhere by the agency of recent excavations. With the help of newly discovered finds, this study aims to make an evaluation about style and chronology of the painter as a whole. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Archivo de Prehistoria Levantina is the property of Museu de Prehistoria de Valencia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Archaeology & Science / Arheologija i Prirodne Nauke is the property of Institute of Archaeology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The Getty's Etruscan painted terracotta wall panel, Athletic Official, recently has been speculated to be associated with a Caeretan wall panel depicting a Discobolus based on a shared iconography. To better understand the materials and techniques used to create the Getty panel and investigate its relation to extant Etruscan painted terracotta panels, a multi-analytical study was conducted, using broadband visible, IR, and UV imaging, along with scanning MA-XRF, FORS, Raman, SEM-EDS, and XRD analytical techniques. The analytical results together with PCA analysis suggest the clay support of the Getty panel is most similar in composition to that of panels from Cerveteri. A manganese black was identified in the decorative scheme; not commonly employed, this appears to be an important marker for the workshop practice in Cerveteri. Most significantly, the use of MA-XRF scanning allowed for invisible ruling lines on the Athletic Official, presumably laid down at the earliest stages of the creation of the panel, to be visualized. Taken together, the results of this study provide new insights into Caeretan workshop practice as well as provide a framework for better understanding the design and execution of Etruscan polychromy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]