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Medical language is characterized by its veracity, precision and clarity (Navarro, 2003). However, due to the different communicative situations and contexts in which it is used, it is one of the special languages with more terminological variation (Bowker and Hawkins, 2006). From the point of view of terminology work, in any of its applications: language planning, standardization or translation, the first steps consist of structuring the subject area and accurately define the conceptual field (Cabré, 2005; ISO, 2022; Wright, 1997), and variation is usually an obstacle during this stage. This paper presents the findings of a study for the elaboration of terminological resources on Women’s Health from a corpus of specialized academic articles in English. Preliminary results reveal a lack of uniformity in the identification of the most representative lexical units regarding issues that specifically affect Women’s Health. This analysis offers a typology of denominative variation in the subject field of Women’s Health in academic journals in English prior to initiate the delimitation of the conceptual field in Spanish and standardize terminology equivalence in order to ensure efficient communication.

Copyright of China Terminology is the property of China Terminology Magazine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Terminology is the property of China Terminology Magazine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Two broad categories are identified: general and specialized translation. Medical translation refers to the subdivisions of translation service provision in relation to healthcare, medical products, biotechnology that involve specific terminology and accurate understanding of medical documents. The specific medical language can be analysed along: the user, the domain of use and special application of language. In this line of approach, some authors provide a comprehensive inventory of “the modern language of medicine”, claiming that it basically “represents the ancient Greek language transcribed into Latin” means that medical language and translation are on the border between specific language and scientific field.

The aim of the paper is to present compilation and structuring principles, scope and development possibilities of the bilingual Lithuanian-English cybersecurity termbase. The paper discusses different approaches to terminology management, the best practices of which have been used to collect cybersecurity terminology and compile the termbase. Data collection has been mainly based on semasiological and corpus-driven approaches involving creation of deep learning systems trained to extract terminology from the cybersecurity corpora. To achieve systematicity and comprehensiveness of the dataset, the onomasiological and corpus-based approaches have also been incorporated in the data collection process. The termbase design decisions (its macrostructure and microstructure) have been based on onomasiological principles, while term variation has been handled by applying the descriptive approach. The termbase has been developed in the open-source cloud-based terminological management platform Terminologue. To ensure interoperability, the termbase has been exported into the TBX format and deposited into the CLARIN-LT repository. The paper also discusses possibilities of publishing terminological data as linguistic linked open data and linking it with other terminological resources and cybersecurity ontologies. The termbase is expected to be useful for cybersecurity specialists, translators, terminographers, lexicographers and the general public, as well as to contribute to the development of the Lithuanian cybersecurity terminology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Fordítástudomány is the property of Faculty of Humanities ELTE, Department of Translations & Interpreting and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The aim of the paper is to present compilation and structuring principles, scope and development possibilities of the bilingual Lithuanian-English cybersecurity termbase. The paper discusses different approaches to terminology management, the best practices of which have been used to collect cybersecurity terminology and compile the termbase. Data collection has been mainly based on semasiological and corpus-driven approaches involving creation of deep learning systems trained to extract terminology from the cybersecurity corpora. To achieve systematicity and comprehensiveness of the dataset, the onomasiological and corpus-based approaches have also been incorporated in the data collection process. The termbase design decisions (its macrostructure and microstructure) have been based on onomasiological principles, while term variation has been handled by applying the descriptive approach. The termbase has been developed in the open-source cloud-based terminological management platform Terminologue. To ensure interoperability, the termbase has been exported into the TBX format and deposited into the CLARIN-LT repository. The paper also discusses possibilities of publishing terminological data as linguistic linked open data and linking it with other terminological resources and cybersecurity ontologies. The termbase is expected to be useful for cybersecurity specialists, translators, terminographers, lexicographers and the general public, as well as to contribute to the development of the Lithuanian cybersecurity terminology.

Copyright of Collegium Antropologicum is the property of Croatian Anthropological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Two broad categories are identified: general and specialized translation. Medical translation refers to the subdivisions of translation service provision in relation to healthcare, medical products, biotechnology that involve specific terminology and accurate understanding of medical documents. The specific medical language can be analysed along: the user, the domain of use and special application of language. In this line of approach, some authors provide a comprehensive inventory of “the modern language of medicine”, claiming that it basically “represents the ancient Greek language transcribed into Latin” means that medical language and translation are on the border between specific language and scientific field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Legal interpreters and translators (LITs) play a crucial role in ensuring equitable treatment within the EU and facilitating international mobility. These professionals actively engage in terminology work, similar to other translators and interpreters. This exploratory study examines the degree of familiarity LITs have with terminology principles and standards, based on an online survey conducted among LIT associations in Austria and Italy. A significant portion of respondents reported engaging in terminology work, underlining its professional relevance. The prevalent usage of traditional tools like word processors and paper is evident, whereas the adoption of advanced systems remains limited. Despite more than half of the participants demonstrating awareness of terminology standards, access to specific standards was infrequent. A considerable number of respondents did not perceive terminology standards as essential for their practical undertakings. Only a minority were familiar with either national or ISO terminology standards. The study uncovered a lack of comprehensive understanding and implementation of terminology management principles. While terminology remains indispensable for LITs, its effective management is often overlooked. It is crucial to improve the dissemination of information and encourage collaborative efforts with relevant organizations to enhance awareness and foster proficient utilization of terminology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 'FAIR terminology' paradigm is the first initiative that aims to establish a strong interrelation between the FAIR (Findability, Accessibility, Interoperability, and Reusability) principles, promoted at the European level to foster the Open Science movement, and the specifications advocated in the framework of ISO TC 37/SC 3 about the management of terminology resources. Through the complementary adoption of the SC 3 standards, the paradigm, therefore, proposes guidelines paving the way for the FAIRification of terminological data, metadata, and infrastructure. In this context, this study has a threefold objective. First, we will show the impact of three ISO TC 37/SC 3 standards (mainly ISO 16642: 2017; ISO 12620: 2019 and ISO 30042: 2019) for the foundation of the FAIR terminology paradigm. Secondly, we will present the integration of this data representation model in the framework of the European project 'Terminology Without Borders' (TWB) launched in 2019 by the Terminology Coordination Unit (TermCoord) of the European Parliament. Finally, we intend to reflect in a critical perspective to highlight some possible limitations of the previously mentioned SC 3 standards in terms of FAIRification of terminological data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The translator uses programs with different functions designed to improve, optimize, and ensure the quality of the translation process. The ability to use automated translation programs and knowledge of various CAT and applied tools significantly improve the productivity and quality of work, leading to an increase in the translator's competitiveness. The purpose of the article is to show that the use of the functional capabilities of CAT systems in the implementation of written translation has a positive effect on forming contemporary professional and personal competencies of students, as well as on improving the quality of training of future translators. The article presents a comparative analysis of CAT programs, considers their main and advanced functional features, and identifies factors for improving the quality of student training in the course of integrating CAT systems into translation training. It is concluded that employing CAT systems in teaching translation leads to an increase in the quality of education in general. It brings the learning process closer to the working conditions of the real translation industry, orients students professionally, opens up opportunities to work with modern text formats and contents, and expands students' vision of the modern market of linguistic services and the relationship of linguistics with computer technologies. It also improves students' general computer literacy and their participation in real translation projects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Contemporary Military Challenges / Sodobni Vojaški Izzivi is the property of Sciendo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

(1) Background: Clinical information modeling tools are software instruments designed to support the definition of semantic structures able to be implemented in health information systems. Based on the analysis of existing tools, this research developed a tool that proposes new approaches to promoting clinician involvement and supporting information modeling processes through mechanisms that ensure governance, information consistency and consensus building. (2) Method: This research developed the MedicalForms system, which is based on the requirements identified in both a Delphi study about tool requirements and the ISO/TS 13972 specifications. (3) Results: This system allows the management of projects, information structures and implementable forms related to clinical documentation. Users can easily define clinical documents in collaboration with the rest of the professionals in their team by being able to reuse previously defined forms, terminologies and information structures. The system is able to export the defined forms as interoperable specifications or as several implementable form formats compatible with multiple open source EHR systems and research platforms. End user perception of this tool was evaluated through the Technology Acceptance Questionnaire with satisfactory results. Finally, the system was applied to develop 12 research registries and 2 clinical trial research forms, 3 mobile applications and 1 decision support system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper is an attempt to discuss the issue of terminology management as a part of the translator or LSP training process as well as methods for its implementation in the MA programme "Linguistics in Specialised Communication". The paper outlines the curricular approach to the teaching of terminology management through the delivery of a theoretical and a practical module. The latter includes three elements: conventional terminology work, terminology management and the integration of term bases prepared or made available in the process of translation with the aid of the TMS and CAT tools. The practical work was based on small and medium-sized terminology projects carried out by university students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of China Terminology is the property of China Terminology Magazine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Terminology is the property of China Terminology Magazine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista EntreLínguas is the property of Revista EntreLinguas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

When it comes to terminology, the Dutch-speaking regions have a long tradition of collaboration. Since the eighties there have been several partnerships and committees, all lead by the Dutch Language Union. There was a growing awareness that a central point was needed to bring together all information concerning Dutch terminology and to make it generally accessible. Since 2016, the Dutch Language Institute (INT) in Leiden manages and develops all Dutch language materials. The whole spectrum of language, including professional language, regional languages and dialects, is now given attention, making it no more than logical for the INT to accommodate the Centre of Expertise for Dutch Terminology (ENT). The main task of the ENT is to offer information, facilities, products and services in the field of terminology. Apart from that, research is done into the professional language of three specific fields: legal language, medical language and the language of higher education. In this article I will go deeper into the wide range of information supplied by the ENT, including specific software tools for terminological tasks. I will also describe several of the terminology projects that are being conducted at the Dutch Language Institute. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Fordítástudomány is the property of Faculty of Humanities ELTE, Department of Translations & Interpreting and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

(1) Background: Clinical information modeling tools are software instruments designed to support the definition of semantic structures able to be implemented in health information systems. Based on the analysis of existing tools, this research developed a tool that proposes new approaches to promoting clinician involvement and supporting information modeling processes through mechanisms that ensure governance, information consistency and consensus building. (2) Method: This research developed the MedicalForms system, which is based on the requirements identified in both a Delphi study about tool requirements and the ISO/TS 13972 specifications. (3) Results: This system allows the management of projects, information structures and implementable forms related to clinical documentation. Users can easily define clinical documents in collaboration with the rest of the professionals in their team by being able to reuse previously defined forms, terminologies and information structures. The system is able to export the defined forms as interoperable specifications or as several implementable form formats compatible with multiple open source EHR systems and research platforms. End user perception of this tool was evaluated through the Technology Acceptance Questionnaire with satisfactory results. Finally, the system was applied to develop 12 research registries and 2 clinical trial research forms, 3 mobile applications and 1 decision support system.

In the modern translation industry, all actors involved in the translation process communicate and collaborate increasingly – and oftentimes entirely – online using modern computer-assisted translation and project management software solutions.New translation technology needs new approaches to translator education and the Online Computer-Assisted Translation Classroom was designed to address this gap. Students are taught how to use the latest translation technology through hands-on remote software use and collaborative translation exercises. This article looks at the pedagogy of online translation teaching. It specifically discusses the teaching of translation technology and terminology management, drawing on process-oriented approaches to translator training and the method of cooperative translation.

Health tourism is becoming increasingly important from an economic point of view in Spain. Germany is one of the main tourism importers for Spain, both in number of tourists and in expenditure; that is why this country has great potential in the field of health tourism. Among the diverse offer that Spain provides to the health tourist, the services most demanded by the German tourist are health and wellness treatments. These German tourists' preferences make the translation of the texts belonging to this sector necessary as well as profitable in economic terms. To this end, firstly, we carry out a study of the word-formation processes in the German language. Then, we analyze how these processes have created terminology used in the aforementioned sector. In this way, we intend to facilitate the work of terminology management of these texts, together with their translation in view of the lack of bilingual DE-ES resources specialized in health tourism terminology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the modern translation industry, all actors involved in the translation process communicate and collaborate increasingly - and oftentimes entirely - online using modern computer-assisted translation and project management software solutions. New translation technology needs new approaches to translator education and the Online Computer-Assisted Translation Classroom was designed to address this gap. Students are taught how to use the latest translation technology through hands-on remote software use and collaborative translation exercises. This article looks at the pedagogy of online translation teaching. It specifically discusses the teaching of translation technology and terminology management, drawing on process-oriented approaches to translator training and the method of cooperative translation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Polissema is the property of Polissema and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

We reviewed and surveyed 15 SNOMEDCT national member countries for SNOMED CT national extensions and terminology managements. We found that national extensions were used for adding new contents, developing reference sets, translating, and mapping with other classification system; and terminology management varies in composition and content due to healthcare environment of each member country, eHealth strategy, and infrastructure of national release centers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We reviewed and surveyed 15 SNOMEDCT national member countries for SNOMED CT national extensions and terminology managements. We found that national extensions were used for adding new contents, developing reference sets, translating, and mapping with other classification system; and terminology management varies in composition and content due to healthcare environment of each member country, eHealth strategy, and infrastructure of national release centers.

Copyright of Kwartalnik Neofilologiczny is the property of Polish Academy of Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Information Science & Technology Association/Joho no Kagaku to Gijutsu is the property of Information Science & Technology Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The redevelopment of the European Union's interinstitutional terminology database IATE (InterActive Terminology for Europe) has been an opportunity to rethink the technologies, architecture and data structure of the system in order to prepare it for future challenges, including interoperability, modularity, scalability and data exchange, among other things. This article describes which strategies are being put in place to allow IATE data – one of the largest multilingual terminology databases in the world – to be consumed by third-party tools, particularly computer-assisted translation environments (CATEs). The modernisation of the application, aligning it with the latest software and systems engineering standards and technologies for the benefit of all users and for improved data management by EU linguists, is also described. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The understanding of the role of the contemporary translator is fraught with contradictions and idealistic visions of individuals who, by definition, should be fully competent and versatile. In spite of the fact that lots of translation researchers have probed into the identification and exploration of the concept of translator competence, relatively little study has been devoted to training specialised translators and its metacognitive aspects. Due to the dynamic nature of the translator's occupation, it is difficult to predict what specific skills will prove useful for novice specialised translators in their professional career. The article aims to stress the importance of self-study in the specialised translator competence development. First, the author briefly discusses the nature of specialised translator competence in relation to medical translation and then analyses the principles of and approaches to specialised translator training. With the assumption that it is vital for the translator to be a reliable and self-reliant mediator in specialised service environment, the author poses the question of how to implement self-study strategies in specialised translator training. The article demonstrates a number of task-based terminological activities which exemplify the implementation of self-study strategies into project-based specialised translator training. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The terminology on plagiarism is not hard and fast. It is fluid, a bit ambiguous, and still emerging. It may take some time to settle the terms more clearly, concretely and exhaustively. This paper aims to provide a terminological discussion of some important and current concepts related to plagiarism. It discusses key terms/concepts such as copyright, citation cartels, citing vs. quoting, compulsive thief, cryptomnesia, data fakery, ignorance of laws and codes of ethics, information literacy, lack of training, misattribution, fair use clause, paraphrasing, plagiarism, plagiarism detection software, publish or perish syndrome, PubPeer, retraction, retraction vs. correction, retraction watch, salami publication, similarity score, Society for Scientific Values, and source attribution. The explanation and definition of these terms/concepts can be useful for LIS scholars and professionals in their efforts to fight plagiarism. We expect this terminology can be referred in future discussions on the topic and also used to improve the communications between the actors involved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research question: This paper studies the roles of Terminology Leadership (Filipovic 2012, 2015; Filipovic & Vuco, 2012; Filipovic & Djordan, 2018) and Terminology Management model (Jernudd & Neustupny, 1987, 1991; Jernudd 1993, 1997 in Antia, 2000, p.3; Spolsky, 2004, 2009, 2012) in the implementation of terminology policy and planning in Serbia, and the sustainable development of Serbian scientific and technical terminology. Motivation: As in almost all standard-language cultures (Quirk, 1990), the Serbian language policy is top-down oriented, i.e., it follows the language management model. In this model, all decisions regarding the language, including terminology decisions, are made by linguists - language planners, without taking into account the opinions of professional and academic communities, i.e., the primary creators and users of terminology. Newer European terminology guidelines, especially the widely accepted UNESCO Guidelines for Terminological Policies (2005, p.3), however, propose that terminology work should be approached both top-down, i.e., on the level of political decision-making (following the terminology management model), and bottom-up, i.e., on the level of professional associations and other terminology stakeholders (following the complementary model of terminology leadership). Idea: The idea behind this paper is to investigate to what extent the terminology leadership model and the bottom-up orientation in the Serbian terminology policy and planning are recognized and accepted by various groups of stakeholders in comparison with the dominant language management model. Data: The data regarding the perspectives of two groups of terminology stakeholders (technical translators and professional / academic community) towards the state of the Serbian subject-field terminology and terminology management were collected, analyzed, interpreted and compared. Tools: The data were collected through two surveys on terminology work (Andjelkovic, 2018). While the first survey focuses on translators' perspective on terminology management, the second survey examines the attitude of the academic community towards the terminology state of their own subject field: management. Findings: The surveys' results confirm that both groups of terminology stakeholders recognise the importance of collaborative and cooperative work of linguists and subject field specialists in terminology policy making, planning and implementation, and thus do not regard linguists (i.e., language planners) as exclusive language and terminology decision-makers. The results also indicate, however, that there is still a very strong influence of standard-language ideology and the top-down oriented language policy. Contribution: The paper suggests a change in the implementation of the Serbian terminology policy and planning that is more in line with the European terminology Guidelines (UNESCO, 2005). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we will present the problems we have observed while editing terminological units as a part of the specialized language of ophthalmology that is currently being processed as part of the program Struna. Struna is the Croatian National term bank (http://struna.ihjj.hr/). Its aim is to gradually standardize Croatian terminology, for all professional domains, by coordinating the work of domain experts, terminologists and language experts [1], [2]. The Croatian Ophthalmological Terminology1 is the first Struna project that encompasses a subfield of an already existing field in the database. Namely, in 2013 the general medical terminology was processed as a part of the project Croatian Anatomy and Physiology. This situation has revealed a new set of problems that previously were not taken into account and has forced us to re-evaluate methodology and adapt accordingly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Develop a prototype of an interprofessional terminology and information model infrastructure that can enable care planning applications to facilitate patient-centered care, learn care plan linkages and associations, provide decision support, and enable automated, prospective analytics.Design: The study steps included a 3 step approach: (1) Process model and clinical scenario development, and (2) Requirements analysis, and (3) Development and validation of information and terminology models.Results: Components of the terminology model include: Health Concerns, Goals, Decisions, Interventions, Assessments, and Evaluations. A terminology infrastructure should: (A) Include discrete care plan concepts; (B) Include sets of profession-specific concerns, decisions, and interventions; (C) Communicate rationales, anticipatory guidance, and guidelines that inform decisions among the care team; (D) Define semantic linkages across clinical events and professions; (E) Define sets of shared patient goals and sub-goals, including patient stated goals; (F) Capture evaluation toward achievement of goals. These requirements were mapped to AHRQ Care Coordination Measures Framework.Limitations: This study used a constrained set of clinician-validated clinical scenarios. Terminology models for goals and decisions are unavailable in SNOMED CT, limiting the ability to evaluate these aspects of the proposed infrastructure.Conclusions: Defining and linking subsets of care planning concepts appears to be feasible, but also essential to model interprofessional care planning for common co-occurring conditions and chronic diseases. We recommend the creation of goal dynamics and decision concepts in SNOMED CT to further enable the necessary models. Systems with flexible terminology management infrastructure may enable intelligent decision support to identify conflicting and aligned concerns, goals, decisions, and interventions in shared care plans, ultimately decreasing documentation effort and cognitive burden for clinicians and patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays the discussion on the symbiosis of the international and national nomenclature systems in different areas of science provides clear evidences that full implementation of conventional international (mainly English) nomenclature principles in the local ones is sometimes not only unnecessary, but even redundant or impossible. Rapid development of natural sciences necessitates creation of accurate, comprehensive and comprehensible nomenclature systems for objects and phenomena under research. This study outlines the origins and development of the Slovak chemical nomenclature which is based on the Czech model. We analyze the unique Slovak nomenclature items as well as the re-evaluation of linguistic means in the field of inorganic chemistry in the international context. A part of this work is devoted to the syntactical structure of the names of inorganic compounds. At the same time we draw a parallel between chemical nomenclature and the phenomenon of controlled language. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Current State of Terminology in Lithuania: Scientific Research, Management and Education The article discusses the current state of terminology in Lithuania, presents terminological research carried out in the last five years, analyses ways of Lithuanian terminology management, and briefly overviews terminological education and teaching in Lithuania. Lithuanian terminological research is mostly carried out at the Institute of the Lithuanian Language and at universities and other research institutes. The largest part of terminological research is carried out at the Centre of Terminology of the Institute of the Lithuanian Language, which researches Lithuanian terminology and terminography, analyses the use of Lithuanian terminology in different fields. Three ways of terminology management are discussed: terminography, creation of term banks and databases and standardisation of terms. The number of term dictionaries published in Lithuania is rather considerable – over 600. The most productive period for publishing term dictionaries is from 1990 up to date. Between 1990–2013 more than 420 term dictionaries and special encyclopaedias were published. The main and most important terminology database in Lithuania is the Term Bank of the Republic of Lithuania (lt Lietuvos Respublikos terminų bankas, further – LTB), initiated in 2004. This bank is created as a common information system of state institutions administered by the State Commission of the Lithuanian Language (further – Language Commission). There are more than 237,000 term entries in LTB. The article discusses two more terminology databases containing Lithuanian terminology sources – IATE and EUROTERMBANK. The Lithuanian Standards Board, in addition to other work, prepares Lithuanian standards of terms and offers these terms to the Language Commission for evaluation. Since 2000, the Lithuanian Standards Board has been creating a database of standardised terms which currently contains about 64,000 terms. In Lithuania, terminology also exists as an academic discipline; at many universities, philologists are offered a course in terminology. At many universities, students of other non-philological disciplines are taught a course in language for specific purposes, which covers matters of terminology and terms. Aktualny stan terminologii na Litwie: badania naukowe, zarządzanie informacją i edukacja Artykuł omawia aktualny stan terminologii na Litwie, przedstawia badania naukowe nad zasobami terminologicznymi prowadzone w okresie minionych pięciu lat, analizuje sposoby zarządzania terminami w języku litewskim, a także zawiera zwięzły przegląd tematyki dotyczącej kształcenia i nauczania w zakresie terminologii na Litwie. Główną placówką zajmującą się badaniami nad terminologią w języku litewskim jest Instytut Języka Litewskiego. Ponadto badania takie prowadzone są także na uniwersytetach i w innych ośrodkach badawczych. Największy udział w badaniach terminologicznych ma Zakład Terminologii w Instytucie Języka Litewskiego, który prowadzi prace nad terminologią litewską i terminografią, a także analizuje użycie litewskiego słownictwa specjalistycznego w poszczególnych dziedzinach. W artykule omówiono trzy metody zarządzania zasobami terminologicznymi: terminografia, powoływanie banków terminów i baz danych oraz standaryzacja terminów i pojęć. Liczba słowników terminologicznych opublikowanych na Litwie jest dość znaczna, jest ich obecnie ponad 600. Najwięcej publikacji pochodzi z okresu po roku 1990. Począwszy od 1990 do 2013 r. ukazało się drukiem ponad 420 słowników i specjalistycznych encyklopedii terminologicznych. Główną i najważniejszą bazą terminów na Litwie jest Terminologiczna Baza Republiki Litewskiej (lt Lietuvos Respublikos terminų bankas, dalej: LTB), powstała w 2004 r. Została ona utworzona jako wspólny informatyczny system instytucji pań­stwowych pod patronatem Państwowej Komisji Języka Litewskiego (dalej: Komisja Języka). W LTB znajduje się ponad 237 000 haseł terminologicznych. Artykuł omawia dalej kolejne dwie bazy danych, które zawierają litewskie źródła terminologii, a mianowicie IATE i EUROTERMBANK. Litewska Rada Standaryzacji oprócz innych prac przygotowuje litewskie standardy terminów i przedstawia je Komisji Języka do oceny. Od roku 2000 Litewska Rada Standaryzacji tworzy bazę standaryzowanych terminów, która aktualnie obejmuje 64 000 haseł. Na Litwie terminologia istnieje także jako odrębna dyscyplina akademicka. Na wielu uniwersytetach w programie studiów prowadzone są przez filologów zajęcia z tego zakresu. Na licznych uczelniach studenci kierunków niefilologicznych mają wykłady w zakresie stosowania terminów specjalistycznych, obejmujące kwestie terminologiczne i dotyczące zasobu pojęć.

It can be argued (see Madsen & Thomsen, this volume) that people who share the same mother tongue may nevertheless “speak diffeent languages” in the sense that they will use fundamentally different vocabularies when dealing with otherwise similar fragments of extra-linguistic reality because they address them for different purposes and on the background of different sorts of knowledge. It seems relevant to ask, therefore, if the reverse may also be true. Will people with different mother tongues “speak the same language” when they deal with similar aspects of reality for similar purposes and draw on similar sorts of knowledge – be it stamp collection, yoga or water engineering? The words are bound to look and sound quite different, of course, but does that pose any serious challenges to mutual understanding if they can still replace each other in a 1:1 fashion (say, with the help of Google Translate)? To contribute to this discussion, the present article presents selected results from a comparative investigation of Danish and Russian conceptual structures and terminology in the field of public water supply systems, a domain which displays many similarities throughout the industrialized world. The findings indicate that, at least if we take a functional rather than, say, an administrative or commercial viewpoint, the terms are as good as fully compatible in terms of what is put into words, and according to which criteria. However, they display profound and seemingly systematic differences as to how the expression-units have been formed. Moreover, the latter differences seem to be consistent with Durst-Andersen’s (2011a; 2011b) description of Danish as a hearer-oriented language and Russian as a reality-oriented language. The implications of this for the idea of linguistic world-views and for the communication of professionals across national and linguistic borders are discussed.

One of the many implications of the process of language democratization which started post-1994 in South Africa is the empowerment of the previously marginalized South African Bantu languages to become languages of higher functions, i.e. languages of learning and teaching, and also of scientific discourse. This in turn implies the development, consolidation and especially standardization of terminology for each of these languages, and the compilation of LSP dictionaries. This article describes the terminological processing of a technical source text prior to translation, which formed part of the compilation of a Quadrilingual Explanatory Dictionary of Chemistry. It reports on the model of terminology management that was utilized and explores strategies for the internal standardization of terms in the absence of readily available, standardized chemistry terminology.

This article explores the guidance three recently published international translation standards provide in the area of translation-oriented terminology management. The author identifies perceived gaps in these standards and offers suggestions for bridging them.

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Many key terminology databases are managed by national and international organizations. However, the methodology behind the development of such databases has rarely been discussed. This paper presents the terminology database of the Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT) of the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), the scientific and technical patent terminology database in ten languages available for browse online in WIPO Pearl. The article discusses in detail the design and structure of the PCT Termbase with reference to ISO standards. Divergences are explained in light of specific aspects of the workflow and the text type under consideration -- patents. Thus, traditional problematic areas of terminography are addressed from a practical perspective, e.g. identifying concepts and terms; attributing a concept to a specific subject field in a multidisciplinary database; multilingual equivalence; quality control in terminology management; building domain ontologies from/in terminology databases. A comprehensive understanding of the PCT Termbase is thereby provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scientific and technical terminology represents a very topical issue in economically and technologically dependent countries with small languages such as Serbian. The current terminological problems in the Serbian language, especially in specialized areas that are experiencing dynamic development, are: Anglicization of the language for special purposes, underdeveloped and unstable terminology, and lack of adequate and modern terminological and lexical resources. On the one hand, the terminological problems listed above are of concern to subject-field specialists, since inadequate and non-existent terminology significantly affects the representation, transfer and management of specialized knowledge and information. On the other hand, terminology and language planners point to the growing need for immediate and systematic intervention aimed at terminology harmonization, consolidation and standardization. In spite of the awareness, there is no systematic approach to the solving of terminological problems in Serbian. In addition, practical activities regarding the collection and organization of terminology are few and reduced to individual initiatives. Under the paradigm of language planning (LP)-oriented terminology management (2), this paper is going to address a practical activity of terminology management: the creation of a Serbian management terminology database (TDB) with equivalent terms in English. The paper will discuss the methodology of terminology work, potential obstacles in termbase creation, as well as potential benefits that such a resource would have on all its potential users: management specialists and practitioners, professional translators, and language and terminology planners. A particular focus will be placed on the potential significance that this kind of a database would have for terminology policy and planning in the Serbian language, on the one hand, and knowledge transfer and management, on the other hand. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses IT terms and terminology management in Hong Kong from the perspective of Language Management Theory (Jernudd and Neustupný 1987, 1991; Jernudd and Nekvapil 2012; Nekvapil 2012). The noting, evaluating, adjusting and implementing of IT terms are examined in the context of lexical innovation (through translation) in the contact situation that Hong Kong represents. It describes the management of Chinese IT terms by agencies in Hong Kong and also discusses the efficacy of standardization of terminology as an agency goal in view of the potential of noting inadequacies of terminology in actual discourse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]