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Background: Evidence suggests that the quality of the therapeutic relationship impacts the outcome of therapy, with the ending phase having the potential to elicit painful and difficult emotions. There is limited research on this phase of the therapeutic relationship. Aims: The study aimed to explore the lived experiences of counsellors when ending with clients in short‐term planned settings those relationships in which they have worked at relational depth. Method: Interpretative phenomenological analysis was used to evaluate the counsellors' lived experiences of ending therapeutic relationships. Online semi‐structured interviews took place with six trainee and qualified counsellors who volunteered as counsellors for a local charity. Findings: Three main themes were identified during the study—impact of ending, impact of short‐term work and professional issues. Findings indicated that working at relational depth in short‐term counselling could elicit unprocessed powerful emotions within the ending phase of therapy. Limitations: A small sample size limits the wider application of these findings. Implications: Further guidance and support are needed for trainee and qualified practitioners in the management and experience of ending counselling relationships within short‐term work, including the exploration of counsellors' self‐disclosure. Implications for practice include the need for supervisors and counsellors to be proactive in managing reflective practice within supervision, supervisors recognising and challenging supervisees' non‐disclosure and counsellors looking at further ways for self‐reflection on endings in counselling relationships. Conclusion: The ending phase for counsellors working at relational depth within a seven‐session model can elicit powerful emotions, positive experiences and challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to discuss the clinical rationale for designing a tailor-made board game as a therapeutic intervention in play therapy. Games are practiced in play therapy in directive and non-directive ways. Structured and directive approaches are used in individual and group therapy, and enable therapists to identify themes and work them through. A review of the literature concerning the use of games in psychotherapy is suggested in this paper, followed by a detailed rationale for a tailor-made rule-governed board game as a directive theme-focused intervention for short-term group psychotherapy. Such a board game, designed for processing termination in a group of severely deprived adolescent boys in their final year of long-term psychodynamic residential treatment is described. Therapeutic considerations for designing specific elements of the game are described in detail, as well as the symbolic language that served as a framework. Based on a description of clinical thinking used in the preparation of this board game, a discussion of the particular characteristics of designing tailor-made board games as a directive intervention in play therapy is suggested. The paper explains the need for a particular design of game for each specific therapeutic group, based on the identified needs of the participants, as well as on the aim of the intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective The aim of this study was to quantify the likelihood of assessing all mandated fetal views during the second-trimester anatomy ultrasound prior to the proposed federal 20-week abortion ban. Study Design Retrospective cohort study of a random sample of 1,983 patients undergoing anatomy ultrasound in 2017 at a tertiary referral center. The difference in proportion of incomplete anatomic surveys prior compared with after 20-week gestation was analyzed using X2 and adjusted logistic regression; difference in mean days elapsed from anomaly diagnosis to termination tested using t -tests and survival analysis. Results Incomplete views were more likely with initial ultrasound before 20 weeks (adjusted relative risk: 1.70; 95% confidence interval: 1.50–1.94); 43.5% versus 26.1% were incomplete before and after 20 weeks, respectively. Fetal structural anomalies were identified in 6.4% (n = 127/1,983) scans, with 38.0% (n = 49) identified at follow-up after initial scan was incomplete. 22.8% (n = 29) with an anomaly terminated. Conclusion A complete assessment of fetal views during an anatomy ultrasound prior to 20-week gestation is often not technically feasible. Legislation limiting abortion to this gestational age would greatly impact patient's ability to make informed choices about their pregnancies. Key Points It is often not technically possible to complete anatomy ultrasound prior to 20-week gestation. Often, anomalies are missed during early, incomplete anatomy ultrasounds. After the diagnosis of a structural anomaly, one in five chose to terminate the pregnancy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article focuses on the prevailing aspiration to reach a "good-enough ending" in analysis, a concept that is partly realistic and partly illusional. I discuss some of the obstacles that interfere with achieving this yearned for goal, and lead to endings that are far from the misleading illusion of the good-enough termination, that many of us believe we have achieved and are many more than it is commonly reported. I describe characteristics, obstacles, blockages, dreads within the analysand, within the analyst and in the space in between, which lead to endings which are far from good enough, by any criteria we might choose. These obstacles include the failure to distinguish between "real" versus "similar to"; emotional excess; emptying out of internal resources and toxemia of therapy/analysis; a fascination with certain levels of mind versus a neglect of others; osmotic pressure for oneness and the terror of perfection; and malignant nostalgia. Reflecting on such complex facets in the analytic process is relevant not only for a deeper understanding of illusions that we and our analysands hold with regard to endings, but also, implicitly, to the understanding of illusions, beliefs, and myths we and our patients have regarding beginnings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As an introduction to the panel on "Aging, Dying, and the Analytic Process," and to the Focus of this issue of The Psychoanalytic Review, this article offers personal comments linked to affective neuropsychoanalytic theory, and advocates an ability to think about illness and death as an integral part of lived experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In many countries, abortions at 20 weeks and over for indications other than fetal or maternal medicine are difficult to access due to legal restrictions and limited availability of services. The Abortion and Contraception Service at the Royal Women's Hospital in Victoria, Australia is the only service in the state that provides this service. The views and experiences of these abortion providers can give insight into the experiences of staff and women and the abortion system accessibility. The aim of this study was to examine health providers' perceptions and experiences of providing abortion care at 20 weeks and over for indications other than fetal or maternal medicine, as well as enablers and barriers to this care and how quality of care could be improved in one hospital in Victoria, Australia. Methods: A qualitative study was conducted at the Abortion and Contraception Service at the Royal Women's Hospital. Participants were recruited by convenience and purposive sampling. Semi-structured interviews were conducted one-on-one with participants either online or in-person. A reflexive thematic analysis was performed. Results: In total, 17 healthcare providers from medicine, nursing, midwifery, social work and Aboriginal clinical health backgrounds participated in the study. Ultimately, three themes were identified: 'Being committed to quality care: taking a holistic approach', 'Surmounting challenges: being an abortion provider is difficult', and 'Meeting external roadblocks: deficiencies in the wider healthcare system'. Participants felt well-supported by their team to provide person-centred and holistic care, while facing the emotional and ethical challenges of their role. The limited abortion workforce capacity in the wider healthcare system was perceived to compromise equitable access to care. Conclusions: Providers of abortion at 20 weeks and over for non-medicalised indications encounter systemic enablers and barriers to delivering care at personal, service delivery and healthcare levels. There is an urgent need for supportive policies and frameworks to strengthen and support the abortion provider workforce and expand provision of affordable, acceptable and accessible abortions at 20 weeks and over in Victoria and in Australia more broadly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study explores whether early change on a putative mechanism maintaining symptoms can serve as a proximal indicator of response to prompt discontinuation. Method: Patients (N = 70 ; Mage = 33.74, 67% female, 74% white) with heterogeneous anxiety and depressive disorders completed a sequential multiple assignment randomized trial (SMART). Patients received 6 sessions of skill modules from the Unified Protocol and then underwent a second-stage randomization to either receive the remaining 6 sessions (Full duration) or discontinue treatment (Brief duration). All participants completed weekly self-report measures of anxiety and depressive symptoms and distress aversion for the full 12-week treatment window. We used structural equation modeling to test (1) if distress aversion demonstrated significant variability during the first-stage randomization and (2) if distress aversion during the first-stage randomization predicted second-stage changes in anxiety and depression. Results: Participants demonstrated significant variability in first-stage distress aversion. Latent distress aversion slopes significantly predicted latent second-stage anxiety slopes, whereas latent distress aversion intercepts significantly predicted latent second-stage depression slopes. Conclusions: These results suggest that early mechanism engagement may have potential as a trigger to prompt personalized termination. Shorter courses of care may reduce patient costs and increase the mental health service system's capacity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Building upon recent efforts to assess the history of anthropology in light of renewed calls for disciplinary decolonization, this paper turns to the role of US anthropologists in the infamous policy known as Indian termination, or the withdrawal of all federal aid, services, and protection from tribal members, as well as the end of reservations. Contextualizing the activism of the applied anthropologist John H. Provinse against the backdrop of broader shifts in post-WWII US liberalism, I argue that Provinse's support for termination in the late 1940s reflected an embattled social democratic and pluralistic conception of Indian–US relations. This perspective contrasted with and was ultimately overshadowed by the assimilatory sentiments that would become institutionalized in the termination policies of the 1950s. Thus, Provinse provides an analytical opening from which to explore the discipline's relationship with termination as well as the affordances and limitations of liberal anthropological activism. Moreover, such a case offers a generous rejoinder to more speculative assessments of the discipline's many pasts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vine Deloria's account of anthropology in Custer Died for Your Sins (Macmillan, 1969) has become a touchstone of disciplinary self-critiques, used to dismiss past anthropologists and their vision of the discipline. Yet contemporary critical histories of anthropological practice in Native North America often ignore the specificities of Deloria's complaints and erase his engagement with contemporary activist anthropologists. My article focuses on one of Deloria's most important anthropological interlocutors, Nancy Oestreich Lurie. Building on her experience as an action anthropologist, Lurie championed Deloria's call for a mode of anthropology responsive to Indigenous struggles in a series of publications beginning in 1969 and extending through subsequent decades. Drawing on archival sources, I trace the development of Lurie's engagement with Deloria in writings calling anthropologists to join the ongoing struggle of Indigenous peoples and in her work with activists from the Menominee Nation in their efforts to protect their land and reclaim their sovereignty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Teratogens are responsible for 5% of all known causes of congenital anomalies. Isotretinoin, a retinoic acid–derived agent, leads to congenital anomalies in 21–52% of cases when exposure occurs during pregnancy according to studies conducted before 2006. However, rates of congenital anomalies were much lower in later studies. The purpose of this study was to investigate the rates of congenital anomalies in isotretinoin exposure during pregnancy, isotretinoin exposure before pregnancy, and a control group unexposed to any teratogenic agents. In this cohort study, we divided pregnant women admitted to our center between 2009 and 2020 into two groups: isotretinoin exposure before and during the pregnancy (n = 77) and isotretinoin exposure before the pregnancy (n = 75). We selected the control group from among the non-teratogen exposed pregnant women with a simple random sampling method. Obstetricians calculated the ages of all pregnancies via ultrasound (USG) (crown-rump diameter for the first trimester; biparietal diameter and femur length for the second trimester). After birth, a pediatric genetics specialist examined all babies. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) was conducted on the babies who displayed complex phenotypes. Among the isotretinoin exposure before and during the pregnancy, isotretinoin exposure before the pregnancy, and the control groups, there were statistically significant differences in live births (respectively, 64.3 %, 88 %, 93.3 %), congenital anomalies (respectively, 28.6 %, 6.1 %, 1.4 %), miscarriages (respectively, 13 %, 2.7 %, 4 %), terminations (respectively, 32.5 %, 9.3 %, 2.7 %), and premature births (11.9 %, 16.7 %, 2.9 %) (respectively, p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p = 0.014, p < 0.001). We detected novel phenotypical features in five patients. Our study demonstrated that study design, long-term follow-up, teratological counseling, and implementation of advanced molecular analysis in complex phenotypes with novel phenotypical features are beneficial for understanding the association of congenital anomalies with isotretinoin exposure. While evaluating congenital anomalies, we detected statistically significant differences between isotretinoin exposure before and during the pregnancy vs control, but we did not detect any statistically significant differences between isotretinoin exposure before the pregnancy and controls. Another finding of the study is that WES might be an efficient way to evaluate complex phenotypes in isotretinoin-exposed babies; however, further research is required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to determine course number of misoprostol to successfully terminate a pregnancy according to gestational age. We retrospectively analyzed 365 consecutive terminations of pregnancies from the hospital records and our Perinatology Unit registry. The study cohort was divided into three; according to the trimesters of the pregnancy. The course number of vaginal misoprostol, hemoglobin levels and indications of pregnancy terminations were compared. More than half of the medical terminations of pregnancies were due to fetal central nervous system anomalies (51,2%). The course number needed for successful termination of pregnancy was significantly higher in the second trimester of pregnancy, compared to the first trimester group (p=0.0002). There was no significant difference between first and third trimesters (p=0.652). Increased number of courses of misoprostol was directly associated with drop in hemoglobin levels, regardless of gestational week or parity. Vaginal misoprostol alone is still safe and effective method for termination of pregnancy. The number of courses needed for expulsion of the fetus is significantly higher during the second trimester of the pregnancy and as course number increased, the reduction in hemoglobin levels was more pronounced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mergers and acquisition deals are uncertain, with completion likelihood changing throughout the negotiation process. During negotiations, the firms process new information to modify their choices. This study aims to examine the dynamic nature of the M&A negotiation process. The study uses a sample of 983 worldwide unsolicited deals from 1999 to 2019 and classifies M&A deal outcomes using logistic regression, decision tree, and random forest classifiers. Ownership considerations and advisors are essential elements of the negotiation. Ownership sought has the potential to impact the deal's complexity and exercisable control. Prior ownership may either help gain information or recover due diligence costs. The advisors may assist the firms in the available information's financial and legal due diligence. Prior research lacks the negotiation period's dynamism and gives mixed results for the impact of ownership and the role of advisors. We uniquely identify a non-linear inverted U-shaped relationship between the negotiation period and completion likelihood. The results prove that prior ownership, over the negotiation period, serves the dual objective of assisting deal completion and acting as a substitute for the termination fee. The acquirer and target advisors help with the completion of the deal. The varying effects for ownership and advisors over the negotiation process help explain the conflicting results in previous studies. The evolving negotiating circumstances play an important role in affecting the outcome. Our work shows the importance of temporal characteristics and the dynamic nature of decision-making during the M&A negotiation process and encourages further studies exploring processual theories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Induced abortion in Costa Rica is illegal in all cases except to save the life of the pregnant person. Despite severe restrictions to legal abortion, individuals in Costa Rica still induce abortions outside of the formal healthcare system. These individuals and those with spontaneous abortions, also known as miscarriages, occasionally need medical care for complications. In Costa Rica, an estimated 41% of unintended pregnancies end in abortion, yet there is very little published literature exploring the perspectives of healthcare providers on abortion in Costa Rica. Methods: We interviewed ten obstetrician-gynecologist clinicians and five obstetrician-gynecologist medical residents in San José, Costa Rica about their beliefs and practices related to extra-legal abortion and post-abortion care (PAC) using a Spanish language in-depth semi-structured interview guide. After transcription and translation into English, analysis team pairs used a combination of deductive and inductive coding to identify themes and sub-themes within the data. Results: Obstetrician-gynecologist clinicians and medical residents were aware of the presence of extra-legal abortion, and particularly, medication abortion, in their communities, but less familiar with dosing for induction. They expressed the desire to provide non-judgmental care and support their patients through extra-legal abortion and PAC journeys. Study participants were most familiar with providing care to individuals with spontaneous abortions. When discussing PAC, they often spoke about a policy of reporting individuals who seek PAC following an extra-legal abortion, without commenting on whether or not they followed the guidance. Conclusions: This study contributes to a gap in research about the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of Costa Rican obstetrician-gynecologist clinicians and medical residents around extra-legal abortion and PAC. The results reveal an opportunity to train these healthcare providers as harm reduction experts, who are able to accurately counsel individuals who are seeking abortion services outside of the healthcare system, and to provide training to improve care for individuals needing PAC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 1945 Constitution as a constitution in post-reform Indonesia in 1998 underwent four amendments starting with the first amendment in 1999, the second amendment in 2000, the third amendment in 2001 and ending with the fourth amendment in 2002, by establishing 13 Articles and 3 Articles of Transitional Rules and 2 Articles of Additional Rules. Subhan Ali stated that changes to the constitution are a consequence of the life of a nation that aspires to create stronger and more certain constitutional conditions. Changes to the Constitution make this nation have a foundation to build a more progressive but also accountable country. Article 1 paragraph (3) of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia, states: "Indonesia is a country based on law. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite intense public and policy debates about the termination (and re-instatement) of sanctions in cases such as Iran, Cuba and Russia, research has hitherto focused on sanctions imposition and effectiveness, directing little attention towards their removal. Existing work has been constrained by a lack of adequate data. In response, we introduce a novel dataset that contains information on the termination of all EU, UN, US and regional sanctions between 1990 and 2018. In contrast to previous datasets, which rely on media reports, the International Sanctions Termination (IST) dataset systematically codes official governmental and intergovernmental documents. It contains information on the design of sanctions – including expiry dates, review provisions and termination requirements – and captures the gradual process of adapting and ending sanctions. The article describes the data collection process, considers IST's complementarity to and compatibility with existing datasets, and discusses the newly captured variables, exploring how they affect the termination of sanctions. The results indicate that changes in the sender's goals and investments in monitoring devices lead to significantly longer sanctions spells. By contrast, clearly stipulated termination requirements decrease the expected duration of sanctions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From its inception, the COVID-19 pandemic has been a disruptive force on U.S. health care and public health systems. President Biden's announced termination of the national public health emergency on May 11, 2023 portends a return to normalcy and relief for Americans from the greatest infectious disease scourge the nation has ever faced. In reality, closing out this pandemic presents a tempest of legal and practical complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study compared pre-treatment distress and the changes in that distress over the course of therapy between sexual trauma clients and non-sexual trauma clients. Reasons for therapy ending were also examined. Data for this study were collected at 139 university counseling centers. Psychological distress was measured using the Counseling Center Assessment of Psychological Symptoms; presenting concerns were determined using the Clinician Index of Client Concerns; and reason for end of treatment was measured using a standardized Termination Form. MANOVA was utilized to test differences in psychological distress at the start of therapy and a MANCOVA was used to examine psychological distress over the course of therapy. Chi-square tests were used to examine if different reasons existed for why treatment ended. Clients that experienced sexual trauma presented to treatment with significantly higher levels of distress but demonstrated greater distress change. No statistical differences in reasons associated with the end of treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article gives an in-depth presentation of the omni-big-step and omni-small-step styles of semantic judgments. These styles describe operational semantics by relating starting states to sets of outcomes rather than to individual outcomes. A single derivation of these semantics for a particular starting state and program describes all possible nondeterministic executions (hence the name omni), whereas in traditional small-step and big-step semantics, each derivation only talks about one single execution. This restructuring allows for straightforward modeling of both nondeterminism and undefined behavior as commonly encountered in sequential functional and imperative programs. Specifically, omnisemantics inherently assert safety (i.e., they guarantee that none of the execution branches gets stuck), while traditional semantics need either a separate judgment or additional error markers to specify safety in the presence of nondeterminism. Omnisemantics can be understood as an inductively defined weakest-precondition semantics (or more generally, predicate-transformer semantics) that does not involve invariants for loops and recursion but instead uses unrolling rules like in traditional small-step and big-step semantics. Omnisemantics were previously described in association with several projects, but we believe the technique has been underappreciated and deserves a well-motivated, extensive, and pedagogical presentation of its benefits. We also explore several novel aspects associated with these semantics, in particular, their use in type-safety proofs for lambda calculi, partial-correctness reasoning, and forward proofs of compiler correctness for terminating but potentially nondeterministic programs being compiled to nondeterministic target languages. All results in this article are formalized in Coq. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Premature termination codons (PTCs) account for ~12% of all human disease mutations. Translation readthrough-inducing drugs (TRIDs) are prominent among the several therapeutic approaches being used to overcome PTCs. Ataluren is the only TRID that has been approved for treating patients suffering from a PTC disease, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, but it gives variable readthrough results in cells isolated from patients suffering from other PTC diseases. We recently elucidated ataluren's mechanism of action as a competitive inhibitor of release factor complex (RFC) catalysis of premature termination and identified ataluren's binding sites on the ribosome responsible for such an inhibition. These results suggest the possibility of discovering new TRIDs, which would retain ataluren's low toxicity while displaying greater potency and generality in stimulating readthrough via the inhibition of termination. Here we present a detailed description of a new in vitro plate reader assay that we are using both to screen small compound libraries for the inhibition of RFC-dependent peptide release and to better understand the influence of termination codon identity and sequence context on RFC activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present ParTypes, a type discipline for parallel programs. The model we have in mind comprises a fixed number of processes running in parallel and communicating via collective operations or point-to-point synchronous message exchanges. A type describes a protocol to be followed by each processes in a given program. We present the type theory, a core imperative programming language and its operational semantics, and prove that type checking is decidable (up to decidability of semantic entailment) and that well-typed programs do not deadlock and always terminate. The article is accompanied by a large number of examples drawn from the literature on parallel programming [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Termination of programs is probably the most famous undecidable problem in computer science. Despite this undecidability result, a lot of effort has been spent on improving algorithms that prove termination of loops, which is one of the fundamental aspects of software reliability analysis. These algorithms usually focus on finding an appropriate ranking function for the loop, which proves its termination. In this paper, we focus on handling the synthesis problem of nested ranking functions and multi-phase ranking functions for loop programs. We first reduce the problem of a nested ranking function synthesis to the existence problem of a hyperplane separating classes of data. This allows us to leverage Support-Vector Machines (SVM) techniques for the synthesis of nested ranking functions. SVM are supervised learning algorithms that are used to classify data; they work by finding a hyperplane separating data points parted into two classes. We show how to carefully define the data points so that the separating hyperplane gives rise to a nested ranking function for the loop. Then we use this algorithm for nested ranking functions synthesis as a subprocedure to devise a sound algorithm which incrementally synthesizes multi-phase ranking functions. Experimental results confirm the effectiveness of our SVM-based synthesis of nested and multi-phase ranking functions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The starting point for this paper is Freud's thinking about the length of psychoanalysis and the conditions for ending it. His psychoanalytic treatments were intense, but varied greatly in length. Freud's assertion that deep psychological changes take time is still topical; however, the length of time has gradually increased. Available documentation from psychoanalytic training institutes, and findings from empirical studies, indicate that the mean length of psychoanalysis ranges from between three to seven years, and varies between different countries and periods. A recent survey among Swedish psychoanalysts found a mean length of 5.7 years and a wide variation in length from 1.5 to 12 years. Discussions in a seminar group on endings and the qualitative follow-up survey showed that a unique combination of factors determined the duration of psychoanalysis in each individual case. We briefly review the potential determinants of the treatment length and the different meanings of time in open-ended psychoanalytic treatments. To conclude, we stress the need for systematic clinical and empirical studies of determinants and the underlying processes behind the different lengths of psychoanalyses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is based on two American Indian cases that arose from aboriginal title claims to coastal Oregon in the U.S. Court of Claims, Coos Bay (1938) and Alcea (1946), both subsequently upheld by the U.S. Supreme Court. The cases set important precedents in judicial Indian law on the eve of the Indian Claims Commission. Coos Bay and Alcea also caused the creation of two distinct tribes of Coos Bay Indians: the Coos tribe included in the Confederated Tribes of Coos, Lower Umpqua, and Siuslaw (Coos Bay); and the Coos tribe included in the Coquille Indian Tribe (Alcea). The latter were the only Coos Indian plaintiffs eligible to join the Alcea victory after the Coos Bay loss in the Supreme Court. The division caused considerable enmity between the two tribes, an unfortunate result, which this article attempts to alleviate by examining the reasons behind the split. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Terminating a therapeutic relationship can be particularly challenging and onerous for the treating medical practitioner. There are multiple reasons why a practitioner may desire to terminate the relationship, ranging from inappropriate behaviour and assault through to threatened or actual litigation. This paper provides psychiatrists as well as all doctors and support staff who work alongside them with a simple, step-by-step visual guide to terminating a therapeutic relationship, giving due consideration to their professional and legal obligations in line with common recommendations by medical indemnity organisations. Conclusions: If a practitioner's ability to manage the patient is inadequate or compromised due to an emotional, financial, or legal circumstance, it is reasonable to consider termination of the relationship. Practical steps such as taking contemporaneous notes, writing to the patient and their primary care doctor, ensuring continuity of healthcare, and communicating with authorities where appropriate have been identified as components commonly recommended by medical indemnity insurance organisations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graph theory has been a useful tool for logic programming in many aspects. In this paper, we propose an equivalent representation of multi-adjoint logic programs using hypergraphs, which are a generalization of classical graphs that allows the use of hypergraph theory in logic programming. Specifically, this representation has been considered in this paper to increase the level and flexibility of different termination results of the computation of the least model of fuzzy logic programs via the immediate consequence operator. Consequently, the least model of more general and versatile fuzzy logic programs can be obtained after finitely many iterations, although infinite programs or programs with loops and general aggregators will be considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scientific research is an open‐ended quest where success usually triumphs over failure. The tremendous success of science obscures the tendency for the non‐linear discovery process to take longer and cost more than expected. Perseverance through detours and past setbacks requires a significant commitment that is fueled by scientific optimism; the same optimism required to overcome challenges simultaneously exacerbates the very human tendency to continue a line of inquiry when the likelihood of success is minimal, the so‐called sunk‐cost bias. This Viewpoint Article shows how the psychological phenomenon of sunk‐cost bias influences medicinal, pharmaceutical, and organic chemists by comparing how the respective industrial and academic practitioners approach sunk‐cost bias; a series of interviews and illustrative quotes provide a rich trove of data to address this seldom discussed, yet potentially avoidable research cost. The concluding strategies recommended for mitigating against sunk‐cost bias should benefit not only medicinal, pharmaceutical, and organic chemists but a wide array of chemistry practitioners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scientific research is an open‐ended quest where success usually triumphs over failure. The tremendous success of science obscures the tendency for the non‐linear discovery process to take longer and cost more than expected. Perseverance through detours and past setbacks requires a significant commitment that is fueled by scientific optimism; the same optimism required to overcome challenges simultaneously exacerbates the very human tendency to continue a line of inquiry when the likelihood of success is minimal, the so‐called sunk‐cost bias. This Viewpoint Article shows how the psychological phenomenon of sunk‐cost bias influences medicinal, pharmaceutical, and organic chemists by comparing how the respective industrial and academic practitioners approach sunk‐cost bias; a series of interviews and illustrative quotes provide a rich trove of data to address this seldom discussed, yet potentially avoidable research cost. The concluding strategies recommended for mitigating against sunk‐cost bias should benefit not only medicinal, pharmaceutical, and organic chemists but a wide array of chemistry practitioners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The right to terminate the mandate contract granted to the parties in art. 512 of the Turkish Code of Obligations is a disruptive formative right that does not require any reason for its use. Therefore, it is possible to exercise this right arbitrarily. However, in the second sentence of the same provision, it is regulated that the party who terminates the contract at an inappropriate time will be liable to compensate the other party for the losses incurred. In this study, the liability for compensation will be discussed primarily by considering the opinions in Turkish-Swiss doctrine and jurisprudence regarding the legal nature and scope of the claim for compensation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cover crops are grown in order to provide agro-ecological services and must be terminated before planting the subsequent cash crop. Winterkill termination (by frost damage) depends on the interaction between crop frost hardiness, temperatures and the development stage reached at the time of sub-zero temperature exposure. Remotely sensing intensity, timing and spatial variation of cover crop frost damage can be useful for modeling and planning purposes. Therefore, in this study Sentinel-2 vegetation indices were employed in order to detect frost damage in four white mustard (Sinapis alba L.) fields located in Northern Italy. We estimated the starting date of frost events by means of vegetation indices (EVI, NDRE, NDVI, MMSR, and CCCI); we quantified and mapped frost damage at the sub-field level, using ground-based frost damage measurements carried out during the 2021/2022 season. As to frost damage quantification, MMSR outperformed the other VIs followed by CCCI and EVI (R2 > 0.55). The adopted procedure to detect starting dates of frost events was successful in most cases, with a one-day and a four-day delay in the two best cases (NDRE). Finally, maps of frost damage were consistent with its observed spatial variation. We demonstrated that it is possible to employ vegetation indices in order to detect cover crop frost damage and thus assessing cover crop winterkill termination efficiency in the field. Further research is needed, involving additional field monitoring of white mustard in more diverse conditions, and extension of the calibration, as well as validation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During mammalian neocortex development, nascent pyramidal neurons migrate along radial glial cells and overtake earlier-born neurons to terminate at the front of the developing cortical plate (CP), leading to the outward expansion of the CP border. While much has been learned about the cellular and molecular mechanisms that underlie the migration of pyramidal neurons, how migrating neurons bypass the preceding neurons at the end of migration to reach their final positions remains poorly understood. Here, we report that Down syndrome cell adhesion molecule (DSCAM) is required for migrating neurons to bypass their postmigratory predecessors during the expansion of the upper cortical layers. DSCAM is a type I transmembrane cell adhesion molecule. It has been linked to Down syndrome through its location on Chromosome 21 trisomy and to autism spectrum disorders through loss-of-function mutations. Ex vivo time-lapse imaging demonstrates that DSCAM is required for migrating neurons to bypass their postmigratory predecessors, crossing the CP border to expand the upper cortical layers. In DSCAM-deficient cortices, migrating neurons stop prematurely under the CP border, leading to thinner upper cortical layers with higher neuronal density. We further show that DSCAM weakens cell adhesion mediated by N-cadherin in the upper cortical plate, allowing migrating neurons to traverse the CP border and expand the CP. These findings suggest that DSCAM is required for proper migratory termination and final positioning of nascent pyramidal neurons, which may provide insight into brain disorders that exhibit thinner upper layers of the cerebral cortex without neuronal loss. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The tacit withdrawal, is one of the abnormal ways of ending the process, instituted since Law 105 of 1890, it has also been called, expiration of the instance or perenniality. The reason behind the decision is the abandonment or inactivity of the process at the request of the party. Article 317 of the General Code of Procedure regulates the procedural act, nefariously sanctioning the litigant, with the extinction of the right sought, when it is decreed a second time between the same parties and in the exercise of the same claims. The consequence falls on the right of action, according to the proportionality study carried out by the Constitutional Court in judgment C-1186 of 2008, which declared the consequence envisaged in law 1194 of 2008 enforceable; judgment that applies to article 317 of the CGP, without, as the judgment warned, the substantial right is lost, what is lost is the right of action. When the intended right is extinguished, the obligation is devoid of action, becoming a natural obligation, at the discretion of the debtor, the procedural action is not a way to decongest the judicial offices, as expressed by the litigants, it is the sanction to their litigation neglected, resulting in the withdrawal of the action, and hence its extinction. Obviously, the tacit withdrawal is an input for decongestion, but it is for the obligation the cause of changing from civil obligation to natural, by not conferring the right to demand its fulfillment. Therefore, in article 1527 of the Civil Code, this new natural obligation must be included. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Brazilian sheep farming has been gaining prominence with the increase in meat production, seeking more efficiency and profitability. Thus, the creation of the Santa Inês breed has stood out, as it is highly adaptable to different types of environments and has potential for meat production. The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance characteristics of the morphometric sheep of the Santa Inês breed, recently-Paris, with their respective lamb Texel x Santa Inês, a paste, in creep feeding system. For this purpose, 30 Sheeps and theirs and the respective lamb were used for natural breastfeeding for 60 days until weaning. The randomized blocks used, with two treatments (absence of the presence of the private feeder), with 10 repetitions, being shadow sheep by repetition municipality or relative lamb. In studies on the termination of two lambs, the bone of heavy animals was measured at the beginning and at the end of the experiments (25 days), using the 30-lambs weaned. The randomized blocks, used with three treatments (0, 400 and 800 g of concentrate/lamb/day). There was no difference in weight between the sheep outside of lamb (supplemented or not). There were no two treatments effect on the morphometric characteristics among the sheep outside between the lamb bone. The use of creep feeding to supplement lambs kept on natural lactation does not provide weight gain in sheep, nor does it provide weight gain in supplemented lambs. Lamb supplementation does not influence the morphometric characteristics of ewes and lambs during lactation. Private supplementation during breastfeeding does not increase lambs’ weight gain until weaning, but food supplementation, via creep feeding with 400 g/animal/day, in the finishing phase presents the best results for weight gain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The past decade has revolutionized our understanding of regulatory noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs). Among the most recently identified ncRNAs are downstream-of-gene (DoG)-containing transcripts that are produced by widespread transcriptional readthrough. The discovery of DoGs has set the stage for future studies to address many unanswered questions regarding the mechanisms that promote readthrough transcription, RNA processing, and the cellular functions of the unique transcripts. In this review, we summarize current findings regarding the biogenesis, function, and mechanisms regulating this exciting new class of RNA molecules. Downstream-of-gene-containing transcripts (DoGs) are noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) that are becoming increasingly identified as hallmarks of cellular stress and disease. Their discovery has laid the foundation for the next decade to be an exciting time for unraveling the enigmas that control DoG biogenesis and function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pakistan's agriculture and food production account for 27% of its overall gross domestic product (GDP). Despite ongoing advances in technology and crop varieties, an imbalance between water availability and demand, combined with robust shifts in drought propagation has negatively affected the agro-ecosystem and environmental conditions. In this study, we examined hydro-meteorological drought propagation and its associated impacts on crop yield across natural and human-disturbed agro-ecological zones (AEZs) in Pakistan. Multisource datasets (i.e., ground observations, reanalysis, and satellites) were used to characterize the most extensive, intense drought episodes from 1981 to 2018 based on the standardized precipitation evaporation index (SPEI), standardized streamflow index (SSFI), standardized surface water storage index (SSWSI), and standardized groundwater storage index (SGWI). The most common and intense drought episodes characterized by SPEI, SSFI, SSWSI, and SGWI were observed in years 1981–1983, 2000–2003, 2005, and 2018. SPEI yielded the maximum number of drought months (90) followed by SSFI (85), SSWSI (75), and SGWI (35). Droughts were frequently longer and had a slower termination rate in the human-disturbed AEZs (e.g., North Irrigated Plain and South Irrigated Plain) compared to natural zones (e.g., Wet Mountains and Northern Dry Mountains). The historical droughts are likely caused by the anomalous large-scale patterns of geopotential height, near-surface air temperature, total precipitation, and prevailing soil moisture conditions. The negative values (<−2) of standardized drought severity index (DSI) observed during the drought episodes (1988, 2000, and 2002) indicated a decline in vegetation growth and yield of major crops such as sugarcane, maize, wheat, cotton, and rice. A large number of low-yield years (SYRI ≤ −1.5) were recorded for sugarcane and maize (10 years), followed by rice (9 years), wheat (8 years), and cotton (6 years). Maximum crop yield reductions relative to the historic mean (1981–2017) were recorded in 1983 (38% for cotton), 1985 (51% for maize), 1999 (15% for wheat), 2000 (29% for cotton), 2001 (37% for rice), 2002 (21% for rice), and 2004 (32% for maize). The percentage yield losses associated with shifts in SSFI and SSWSI were greater than those in SPEI, likely due to longer drought termination duration and a slower termination rate in the human-disturbed AEZs. The study's findings will assist policymakers to adopt sustainable agricultural and water management practices, and make climate change adaptation plans to mitigate drought impacts in the study region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bolivia is the largest world lithium reserve with brines for extraction at salt lakes, the main one being Uyuni. Policies for development were reactivated by 1997 with periodically revised plans. Specific projects have been implemented since 2007, including pilot plants and experimental exports. Only by the end of 2018 did Bolivia succeed in signing significant contracts with foreign participation. Internal political factors forced the termination of an important contract with ACY Systems GmbH - Germany. The government elected in 2020 renewed efforts, and are expected to re-initiate significant progress by 2021. Technological challenges remain (rainy seasons – magnesium brine composition). The state has active participation in agreements with foreign/national private parties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Escherichia coli RfaH abrogates Rho‐mediated polarity in lipopolysaccharide core biosynthesis operons, and ΔrfaH cells are hypersensitive to antibiotics, bile salts, and detergents. Selection for rfaH suppressors that restore growth on SDS identified a temperature‐sensitive mutant in which 46 C‐terminal residues of the RNA polymerase (RNAP) β' subunit are replaced with 23 residues carrying a net positive charge. Based on similarity to rpoC397, which confers a temperature‐sensitive phenotype and resistance to bacteriophages, we named this mutant rpoC397*. We show that SDS resistance depends on a single nonpolar residue within the C397* tail, whereas basic residues are dispensable. In line with its mimicry of RfaH, C397* RNAP is resistant to Rho but responds to pause signals, NusA, and NusG in vitro similarly to the wild‐type enzyme and binds to Rho and Nus factors in vivo. Strikingly, the deletion of rpoZ, which encodes the ω "chaperone" subunit, restores rpoC397* growth at 42°C but has no effect on SDS sensitivity. Our results suggest that the C397* tail traps the ω subunit in an inhibitory state through direct contacts and hinders Rho‐dependent termination through long‐range interactions. We propose that the dynamic and hypervariable β'•ω module controls RNA synthesis in response to niche‐specific signals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The commencement, termination and length of the major (Maha) growing season over the dry zone of Sri Lanka were determined using daily rainfall records from 1981 to 2019 of five meteorological stations (Anuradhapura, Polonnaruwa, Hambantota, Puttalam and Batticaloa). Cumulative percentages of daily rainfall were plotted against the time and maximum positive and maximum negative curvatures were derived as the commencement and termination dates of the season. A Gaussian model was fitted on the cumulative distribution curve in order to remove limitations in deriving maximum positive and maximum negative curvatures. The difference between commencement and termination dates was taken as the length of the growing season. Results disclosed that there is a considerable inter-annual variation of commencement and termination dates and the length of the Maha season. Mean commencement and termination dates fall in the standard week 44.04 ± 2.61 (end of October) and 5.10 ± 4.20 (1st week of February). The average seasonal length is 13.7 ± 4.24 weeks. The terminating date acts as the key determinant of the seasonal length. Any significant (p > 0.05) trend could not be observed for commencement, termination and length of the season for the analyzed period in any of the locations. It can be concluded that cumulative distribution of rainy days can be successfully used to determine commencement and termination dates of the Maha season over the dry zone of Sri Lanka where a single peak rainy period is characteristic. However, the method needs modifications, when it applies in the wet zone of the country where bimodal rainfall pattern is prominent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the city of Armenia and Quindío, contracts for the supply of goods other than food are signed, which are regulated according to commercial law and the contractual will. Thus, the duration of the contract can be determined or indefinite, giving rise to the parties to terminate it in the agreed term, and if there is no term, it will be the one indicated by the commercial custom or the nature of the supply. This research will analyze the commercial practice of prior notice in the termination of the supply of goods other than food, to verify compliance with the requirements of uniformity, reiteration, validity, publicity and obligation, to be certified as commercial custom by the Chamber of Commerce of Armenia and Quindío. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Let X be a normal Q-factorial projective variety with at most log canonical singularities. We shall give a sufficient condition for the existence of at most finitely many KX-negative extremal rays R(C NE(X) of divisorial type. As an application, we show that for a nonisomorphic surjective endomorphism f:X - X of a normal projective Q-factorial terminal 3-fold X with (X) > 0, a suitable power fk (k > 0) of f descends to a nonisomorphic surjective endomorphism g:Xmin - Xmin of a minimal model Xmin of X. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to explore service users' experiences of the process of ending from national health service (NHS) community personality disorder services. Design/methodology/approach: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with eight participants recruited from four NHS community personality disorder services. Findings: Three main themes emerged; "Service users" experiences in the context of "Reflective versus Reactive practice", "Endings held in mind" and "What next"? Originality/value: Further recommendations are provided for practitioners supporting individuals managing endings alongside a "readiness to end" model which may be used in clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • 170-ka SST derived from alkenones in the northern South China Sea exhibit greater warming during Termination II than that during Termination I. • Alkanes indices show possible more arid climate in the South China during MIS 6 than MIS 2. • The SSTs maximum has a lag about 7000 years to summer insolation during Termination II. A new alkenone sea surface temperature (SST) record from the South China Sea (SCS) over the last 170 ka has been reported here. Our analysis of magnetic susceptibility and AMS 14C dating on the top portion of the core suggests that this record dates to the Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 6. As indicated in Termination I and II, SST changes are correlated with clear glacial/interglacial cycles and likely dominated by atmospheric CO 2 and Western Pacific Warm Pool temperature changes. But the two Terminations were different in magnitude. In Termination I, the minimum and maximum SSTs are 24.5 °C and 27.5 °C, respectively, showing a smaller rise (3 °C) than in Termination II (24–28.3 °C). The n -alkane indices, such as average chain length (ACL) and carbon preference index (CPI), exhibited high/low values during glacial/interglacial periods, and possible more arid climate during MIS 6 than MIS 2. During Termination II, the maximum surface warming in the SCS is accompanied by a progressive lag of approximately 7000 years in relation to maximum summer insolation until Termination I, when they are nearly synchronous. According to the study, SSTs are continuously changing and are influenced by solar insolation, global ice volume changes, and ocean–atmosphere interactions across hemispheres. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The pseudouridine (ψ) synthase, RluD is responsible for three ψ modifications in the helix 69 (H69) of bacterial 23S rRNA. While normally dispensable, rluD becomes critical for rapid cell growth in bacteria that are defective in translation-termination. In slow-growing rluD − bacteria, suppressors affecting termination factors RF2 and RF3 arise frequently and restore normal termination and rapid cell growth. Here we describe two weaker suppressors, affecting rpsG, encoding ribosomal protein uS7 and ssrA, encoding tmRNA. In K-12 strains of E. coli , rpsG terminates at a TGA codon. In the suppressor strain, alteration of an upstream CAG to a TAG stop codon results in a shortened uS7 and partial alleviation of slow growth, likely by replacing an inefficient TGA stop codon with the more efficient TAG. Inefficient termination events, such as occurs in some rluD - strains, are targeted by trans -translation. Inactivation of the ssrA gene in slow-growing, termination-defective mutants lacking RluD and RF3, also partially restores robust growth, most probably by preventing destruction of completed polypeptides on ribosomes at slow-terminating stop codons. Finally, an additional role for RluD has been proposed, independent of its pseudouridine synthase activity. This is based on the observation that plasmids expressing catalytically dead (D139N or D139T) RluD proteins could nonetheless restore robust growth to an E. coli K-12 rluD − mutant. However, newly constructed D139N and D139T rluD plasmids do not have any growth-restoring activity and the original observations were likely due to the appearance of suppressors. • The RluD pseudouridine synthase is required in termination-defective bacteria. • Mutations affecting ribosomal protein uS7 and tmRNA suppress rluD− growth defects. • Catalytically-dead RluD proteins do not have an RNA chaperone-like activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The oxides of copper have attracted the attention of scientists already for more than hundred years. This fascination is fueled by many outstanding properties of the material, for example, a semiconducting behavior that led to the first diode fabricated in electronics, a pronounced excitonic response that stimulated an intense search for Bose-Einstein condensation, and a pivotal role in unconventional superconductivity. Despite this central position in past and present research activities, many aspects of copper oxides are not sufficiently understood to date. This applies in particular to their surface characteristics, where even fundamental questions, such as the energetically favored termination of low-index Cu 2 O and CuO planes, are still subject of debates. This review aims at addressing these deficiencies by compiling state-of-the-art knowledge of the surface science of copper oxides, and especially of cuprous oxide. A first focus of the article lies in the oxidation characteristic of copper as a means to prepare well-defined oxide surfaces. It demonstrates that low-pressure oxidation only results in the formation of ultrathin precursor oxides, with properties deviating substantially from those of the bulk material. Consequently, reliable pathways to produce high-quality and bulk-compatible surfaces, either of Cu 2 O thin films or bulk crystals, are presented. The following chapter provides a comprehensive introduction into the atomic structure of the most relevant Cu 2 O surfaces, i.e., the (111), (100) and (110) planes. It gives an overview of important diffraction and microscopy experiments on the most accessible Cu 2 O terminations, and complements this with state-of-the-art theoretical studies to develop corresponding atomistic models. The chapter closes by presenting the atomic configurations of the most relevant Cu 2 O surfaces at given thermodynamic conditions. Chapter four develops a surface-science view onto the unique optical response of cuprous oxide. After introducing the well-known bulk behavior, it highlights how optical properties can be probed on surfaces with high spectral and spatial resolution. The chapter discusses how optical near-field techniques are employed to analyze oxide excitons and their trapping at lattice defects in real-space experiments. The last chapter summarizes efforts to alter intrinsic Cu 2 O properties, e.g., the p-type conductivity, the width of the band gap and the exciton trapping and recombination behavior, via doping. It illuminates this topic from an experimental and theoretical viewpoint and highlights several unsolved questions related to the topic. Despite considerable efforts, this review can only present the current state of knowledge on Cu 2 O surfaces, a subject that continuously advances due to new scientific findings and innovations. We nonetheless hope that it provides a comprehensive and topical overview of the unusual properties of this fascinating oxide system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Months following the traumatic termination of my analysis I engaged in self-analytic work in which I was able to rework the events of the termination and their significance in terms of my history. Fundamental differences between my self-analytic process and that of my formal analysis led me to consider how termination may affect the ensuing self-analytic process. In this paper, I look at aspects of termination that have to do with the dissolution of symbiotic ties with the analyst; I will try to show that relinquishment of the frame provides an impetus both for consolidation and reworking of an identification with the analyst, which may enable the analysand to develop a personal way of thinking about the unconscious that differs from that of the analyst. I further suggest that there are inevitable limitations to the analytic process which manifest in the development of irreducible bastions, and that the dissolution of the frame at termination provides an opportunity for self-analytic resolution of those bastions which may allow self-understanding beyond what could have been attained within the formal analytic setting. Finally, I offer some speculations on how these processes may have played out between Freud and Fliess in Freud's self-analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Insect phenological lability is key for determining which species will adapt under environmental change. However, little is known about when adult insect activity terminates and overall activity duration. We used community‐science and museum specimen data to investigate the effects of climate and urbanisation on timing of adult insect activity for 101 species varying in life history traits. We found detritivores and species with aquatic larval stages extend activity periods most rapidly in response to increasing regional temperature. Conversely, species with subterranean larval stages have relatively constant durations regardless of regional temperature. Species extended their period of adult activity similarly in warmer conditions regardless of voltinism classification. Longer adult durations may represent a general response to warming, but voltinism data in subtropical environments are likely underreported. This effort provides a framework to address the drivers of adult insect phenology at continental scales and a basis for predicting species response to environmental change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Here, the effect of frequency-domain sensing with diamond solution-gated field-effect transistors (SGFET) was investigated, where a sine wave with different frequencies (3, 30, 300, and 3 kHz) was applied at the gate. Variation of the power spectral density (PSD) amplitudes of the drain–source current was examined by using the NaCl gate electrolyte with various concentrations. With the increase of NaCl concentration, the PSD amplitudes basically increase for hydrogen-terminal diamond SGFET, however, the change of PSD amplitudes is not so obvious. When the diamond surface is partially oxidized by the UV radiation in the atmosphere, the PSD amplitudes increase first and then decrease with the concentration of NaCl aqueous solution. And the sensitivity of oxidized diamond SGFET is higher than that of hydrogen-terminated and increases with the increase of oxidation degree. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Policy termination is an understudied phenomenon. The literature identifies some factors that affect its likelihood, but others' importance, especially program evaluation, remain ambiguous. For insight, this study examines the impact of independent program evaluation on the termination of tax incentives for film and television production adopted and then terminated by multiple state governments. Empirical results indicate that termination was significantly more likely after an evaluation showed the incentive's costs exceeded its benefits. Results also indicate a contagion effect. Other factors, including the incentive's age and employment in the entertainment industry, reduced termination likelihood. These findings persisted through several robustness and sensitivity checks. Although critical program evaluation does not guarantee termination, it appears to make it a more likely outcome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present TaDA Live, a concurrent separation logic for reasoning compositionally about the termination of blocking fine-grained concurrent programs. The crucial challenge is how to deal with abstract atomic blocking: that is, abstract atomic operations that have blocking behaviour arising from busy-waiting patterns as found in, for example, fine-grained spin locks. Our fundamental innovation is with the design of abstract specifications that capture this blocking behaviour as liveness assumptions on the environment. We design a logic that can reason about the termination of clients that use such operations without breaking their abstraction boundaries, and the correctness of the implementations of the operations with respect to their abstract specifications. We introduce a novel semantic model using layered subjective obligations to express liveness invariants and a proof system that is sound with respect to the model. The subtlety of our specifications and reasoning is illustrated using several case studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article draws on Winnicott's concept of the good enough mother to discuss how to know whether a therapeutic situation is good enough to continue or bad enough to end. This dilemma is explored in terms of clinical syndromes, such as anorexia and pathological gambling, but focuses mainly on analyst-initiated endings, which are termed the 'Casablanca dilemma', based on an amplification of the ending of the film Casablanca. The author goes on to discuss such one-sided endings, drawing on interviews with 40 analysts and therapists about their clinical experience. A typology of bad enough endings is presented. The psychological differences between a good enough analysis as opposed to a bad enough one are explored through the ideas of Winnicott and Neumann. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In contrast to their reliable and lossy-error counterparts whose termination problems are either undecidable or non-primitive recursive, the termination problem for counter machines with incrementing errors is shown to be ExpSpace -complete. It is also shown that the structural termination problem—deciding whether every run terminates from any starting configuration—for counter machines with incrementing errors is similarly ExpSpace -complete. This stands in marked contrast to both reliable and lossy counter machines, for which the problem is undecidable. The ExpSpace -hardness proof contained herein requires an unbounded supply of counters. Indeed, by fixing the number of available counters, optimal NLogSpace -complete bounds for both the termination and structural termination problems are obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]