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Tennis is an elegant sport characterized by confrontation, controllability, leisure, and entertainment. With the continuous improvement of Chinese women's tennis in the world, men's tennis also appears in the world arena, and the popularity of Chinese sports also appears tennis hot. Since the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games, tennis courts have been built vigorously all over China. Due to the facilities, operational capabilities, and services vary in tennis courts, how to book a proper tennis court for clubs or citizens becomes the research content of this study. In the context of cloud computing, a lot of resources and information enter the cloud. This study puts tennis court resources in the cloud and allocates tennis court resources based on game theory. According to the situation that multi-users successively request cloud tennis court resources, this study designs a method of resource allocation for cloud tennis courts based on a dynamic game model. Aiming at the problems existing in traditional resource allocation, this method uses dynamic game theory to formally describe and analyze the resource allocation process and establish a game model, realize a game equilibrium solution based on the quantitative calculation of income, and realize fair resource allocation. The experimental results show that the proposed resource allocation of the tennis courts method has a good performance in success rate and task completion time. It also supports clubs or citizens in the global resource allocation of tennis courts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Featured Application: This work offers a significant contribution to the field of competitive tennis training, providing players and coaches a training program based on the application of induced variability. It establishes a solid foundation for modulating the variability loads present in the real game and guiding the training towards the pursuit of maximum sports performance. (1) Background: Learning and training in variable conditions favors adapting to unstable or changing environments. The aim of this study was to test the effect of variable practice on the accuracy of the forehand net approach shot in tennis. (2) Methods: Thirty (N = 30) first-class national players (12.9 ± 1.1 years old) participated, divided into three groups: (i) induced variability training (n = 10) (varying court surfaces and balls), (ii) specific training (n = 10), and (iii) usual training (control group) (n = 10). All groups trained for a month: 12 sessions of 20 min (3 per week). The accuracy of the shots was analyzed through a 2D capture and digitization process of the ball bounce on the court. (3) Results: The variability group presented better accuracy values after the period without practice than the stable training group (p = 0.041; ES = 0.51). (4) Conclusions: The application of variability in the game conditions during tennis training seems to have a favorable effect on the retention of accuracy in the forehand down-the-line approach to the net. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Problems: There has not been much research on how exercise strategies affect muscle soreness and activation patterns. Research Objectives: This study examines the acute effects of rope-based functional training on muscle group pain response in student athletes at the Faculty of Sport Science, Universitas Negeri Medan tennis court. Methods: An experimental method and a pre-post-test time series design were used for analysis. Seven samples were selected using purposive sampling. All participants engaged in a warm-up, a central phase of rope training with a maximum of three sets per exercise, ten hand swing repetitions, a one-minute break between sets, and a cooling phase. Three 100-mm VAS and painometer data collection sessions were conducted. At a 0.05 significance level, the research data was examined using one-way ANOVA for normal data and Friedman for aberrant data. Both studies used SPSS 16.0. Findings and Results: The trial demonstrated that rope training induces soreness in all working muscles. However, no muscle group exhibited discomfort above 50 mm. Conclusion: In order to optimally activate muscles, determine exercise doses and blood lactate levels in relation to muscle discomfort, it is necessary to understand how battle rope training reduces muscular soreness and improves muscle activation in student-athletes on the tennis court. This understanding can inform the development of personalised training programmes and injury prevention techniques.

(1) Background: Learning and training in variable conditions favors adapting to unstable or changing environments. The aim of this study was to test the effect of variable practice on the accuracy of the forehand net approach shot in tennis. (2) Methods: Thirty (N = 30) first-class national players (12.9 ± 1.1 years old) participated, divided into three groups: (i) induced variability training (n = 10) (varying court surfaces and balls), (ii) specific training (n = 10), and (iii) usual training (control group) (n = 10). All groups trained for a month: 12 sessions of 20 min (3 per week). The accuracy of the shots was analyzed through a 2D capture and digitization process of the ball bounce on the court. (3) Results: The variability group presented better accuracy values after the period without practice than the stable training group (p = 0.041; ES = 0.51). (4) Conclusions: The application of variability in the game conditions during tennis training seems to have a favorable effect on the retention of accuracy in the forehand down-the-line approach to the net.

This study aims to analyze the Anthropometric and Biomotor Factors that Determine the Ability of Field Tennis Service on Achievement Development Students of FKOR UNS Surakarta. The method used in this study is a quantitative research approach using a confirmatory factor analysis design. Data were processed and analyzed using SPSS software version 22 and factor analysis using the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin and Bartlett's Test. The population in this study were the 25 students of FKOR UNS tennis achievement coaching students. The sampling technique in this study used a total sampling technique. Data collection techniques using tests and measurements. Anthropometric factors that determine the ability to serve in tennis are weight with a value of 0.695, height with a value of 0.661 and arm length with a value of 0.628. The biomotor factors that determine the ability to serve in tennis are arm muscle power with a value of 0.863 and eye-hand coordination with a value of 0.653. Based on the results of the second analysis, it was found that the five variables had communalities values > 0.5. So it can be concluded that the greater the value of the communalities of these factors will provide benefits to students in coaching tennis achievements in serving tennis.Keywords: Anthropometry, Biomotor, Service Ability, Tennis

Introduction: A tennis player has a very limited time to hit an incoming ball; however, the ball delivery time is affected by playing on different surfaces. Consequently, the playing surface can affect also other match characteristics as players can reach more incoming balls or can move on the court with different intensity (cover more distance). Aim of Study: The aim is to analyze the rally pace characteristics and the frequency of rally shots in men’s matches in the Australian Open, French Open and Wimbledon in 2017. Material and Methods: We analyzed 24 male matches in the Australian Open, French Open and Wimbledon in 2017. Analysis of variance including post-hoc tests and Cohen d were used to compare the point duration, number of rally shots, time between the points, rally pace and work to rest ratio among these tournaments. Results: The rally pace (mean ball flight time between the opponents) was the fastest in the Australian Open (1.22 s) and was significantly faster (p=0.003) compared to the French Open (1.35 s). The rally pace in the Wimbledon reached 1.27 s and Cohen d showed large effect between the rally pace in the Wimbledon and French Open or moderate effect between the Australian Open and Wimbledon. There were other differences among the tournaments, but the lowest number of rally shots (4.07), point duration (5.30 s) and time between points (18.82 s) was reached in the Wimbledon. More than 50 % of all points were finished within the first four shots (most in the Wimbledon – 66%). Conclusion: These findings show and endorse the impact of surface differences on the game performance in professional tennis and can be used to shape specific training sessions on different surfaces.

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury incidence is often underestimated in tennis players, who are considered as subjects conventionally less prone to knee injuries. However, evaluation of the preactivation of knee stabilizer muscles by surface electromyography (sEMG) showed to be a predictive value in the assessment of the risk of ACL injury. Therefore, this proof-of-concept study aimed at evaluating the role of visual input on the thigh muscle preactivation through sEMG to reduce ACL injury risk in tennis players. We recruited male, adult, semiprofessional tennis players from July to August 2020. They were asked to drop with the dominant lower limb from a step, to evaluate—based on dynamic valgus stress—the preactivation time of the rectus femoris (RF), vastus medialis, biceps femoris, and medial hamstrings (MH), through sEMG. To highlight the influence of visual inputs, the athletes performed the test blindfolded and not blindfolded on both clay and grass surfaces. We included 20 semiprofessional male players, with a mean age 20.3 ± 4.8 years; results showed significant early muscle activation when the subject lacked visual input, but also when faced with a less-safe surface such as clay over grass. Considering the posteromedial–anterolateral relationship (MH/RF ratio), tennis players showed a significant higher MH/RF ratio if blindfolded (22.0 vs. 17.0% not blindfolded; p < 0.01) and percentage of falling on clay (17.0% vs. 14.0% in grass; p < 0.01). This proof-of-principle study suggests that in case of absence of visual input or falling on a surface considered unsafe (clay), neuro-activation would tend to protect the anterior stress of the knee. Thus, the sEMG might play a crucial role in planning adequate athletic preparation for semiprofessional male athletes in terms of reduction of ACL injury risk.

Introduction: A tennis player has a very limited time to hit an incoming ball; however, the ball delivery time is affected by playing on different surfaces. Consequently, the playing surface can affect also other match characteristics as players can reach more incoming balls or can move on the court with different intensity (cover more distance). Aim of Study: The aim is to analyze the rally pace characteristics and the frequency of rally shots in men's matches in the Australian Open, French Open and Wimbledon in 2017. Material and Methods: We analyzed 24 male matches in the Australian Open, French Open and Wimbledon in 2017. Analysis of variance including post-hoc tests and Cohen d were used to compare the point duration, number of rally shots, time between the points, rally pace and work to rest ratio among these tournaments. Results: The rally pace (mean ball flight time between the opponents) was the fastest in the Australian Open (1.22 s) and was significantly faster (p=0.003) compared to the French Open (1.35 s). The rally pace in the Wimbledon reached 1.27 s and Cohen d showed large effect between the rally pace in the Wimbledon and French Open or moderate effect between the Australian Open and Wimbledon. There were other differences among the tournaments, but the lowest number of rally shots (4.07), point duration (5.30 s) and time between points (18.82 s) was reached in the Wimbledon. More than 50 % of all points were finished within the first four shots (most in the Wimbledon - 66%). Conclusion: These findings show and endorse the impact of surface differences on the game performance in professional tennis and can be used to shape specific training sessions on different surfaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]