Search

Copyright of African Journal of Reproductive Health is the property of Women's Health & Action Research Centre and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

RésuméLa pratique contraceptive moderne augmente lentement parmi les jeunes générations au Bénin. La présente étude analyse les tendances, les déterminants du recours aux contraceptifs et leurs mécanismes d’actions chez les adolescentes. Les approches socio-écologique et intersectionnelle ont été adoptées, avec une méthode d’étude mixte portant sur les adolescentes de 15 à 19 ans sexuellement actives et non enceintes. Le volet quantitatif recourt aux données des cinq enquêtes démographiques et de santé du Bénin entre 1996 et 2017–18, avec une analyse descriptive et une régression logistique binaire pas à pas. Les données qualitatives collectées par des observations, discussions de groupe et entretiens individuels auprès de différents acteurs nationaux, ont fait l’objet d’analyse de contenu. Les résultats révèlent une prévalence contraceptive moderne basse, passant de 4,6% en 1996 à 13,3% en 2017–18, avec le préservatif comme principale méthode utilisée (8,2%). En 2017–18, la probabilité d’utiliser les contraceptifs était plus élevée chez les adolescentes des ménages riches (OR = 2,3), les scolarisées (OR = 2,3), les célibataires (OR = 2,1), celles fréquentant les services de planification familiale (PF) (OR = 1,8), connaissant le cycle menstruel (OR = 1,6), et économiquement actives (OR = 1,5). Cependant, être Yoruba réduit les chances d’utiliser les contraceptifs (OR = 0,5). Les données qualitatives confirment ces résultats et les complètent en mettant en avant l'effet du cadre juridique favorable à la pratique contraceptive, la stigmatisation sociale des utilisatrices, et les infox véhiculées en communauté. Nous recommandons des efforts pour le maintien des filles à l’école, la généralisation des services de PF pour les adolescents, la communication communautaire, et la subvention des contraceptifs.

The present research approaches mathematics education in terms of the trends in the area that, in this research, are assumed as theoretical perspectives. The objective was to discuss in a community of practice the possibilities of articulation between some theoretical perspectives to glimpse how they integrate with each other. For this, we developed a study and research path (SRP) that presents itself as a theoretical-methodological framework. This path was followed by professors-students of the postgraduate course, at a master's degree level, at a university in the state of Pará, in the north region of Brazil. This research evidenced that collaborative work is necessary to seek a connection between theoretical perspectives, and collaborative actions revealed that taking theoretical perspectives as contexts of mathematics education favors articulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims/Objectives/Assumption: In Mali, malaria is the leading cause of death and consultations in health facilities. The objective of this study was to examine trends in morbidity and mortality among children aged 0 to 15 years and to establish accurate mapping of the distribution of cases in health areas of the Sélingué health district. Materials and method: A retrospective analysis of hospital records at the Sélingué district reference health center from 2010 to 2013 was conducted. Trend Chi2 and logistic regression were used, respectively, to compare changes in trends between health areas and to identify risk factors associated with malaria mortality. Results: Among the 1282 cases of malaria, the incidence of severe malaria gradually decreased from 96.75 ‰ (671 cases) in 2010 to 34.23 ‰ (291 cases) in 2011, 19.76 ‰ (168 cases) in 2012 and 19.43 ‰ (152 cases) in 2013. From 2010 to 2013, there was an average monthly variation in October of 26, 6% cerebralmalaria and 23.3% malaria anemia by the month of July of the same year. Spatial variation of anemic forms of malaria between health areas (p < 0.001) was observed from 2010 to 2013. From 2012 to 2013, there was an overall decrease in the frequency of hospitalizations, incidence and death rate for severe malaria. In multivariate analysis, in the final model, malaria lethality was associated with the duration of hospitalization for more than three days (OR = 0.124); the year of hospitalization from 2010 to 2012 (OR = 0.813); the absence of blood transfusion of the patient (OR = 0.282); at the age of the patient in children under one year (OR = 0.356) and at the emergency anti-malarial treatment instituted with artemether (OR = 3.006) adjusting for the form of malaria. On the other hand, malaria lethality was not related to the form of malaria (p = 0.072), sex (p = 0.390), residence (p = 0.308), prior treatment before hospitalization (p = 0.949). at fever in children (p = 0.153) adjusting for other variables in the model. Conclusion : Hospital case fatality remains high with a drop in the incidence of morbidity and mortality; a monthly variation in morbidity and mortality with two peaks, July - August and October- November and the emergency treatment instituted with artemether, the length of hospital stay could be identified as associated factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The agglomerations of Brazzaville and Pointe-Noire are located in Central Africa, more precisely in the southern part of the Republic of Congo. The rapid evolution of the population and the sprawl of the urban fabric have strong impacts on the degradation of the environment and especially on the climate. Studying the urban climate from temperature extremes is the main objective of this study. After quality control, the extreme temperature indices were calculated from the ClimPACT2 software package. These indices were subsequently in reduced centered values. Linear regression allowed us to detect trends in the evolution of the different indices. The main results obtained show a tendency to increase the value of the lowest minimum temperature (TNn), the highest minimum temperature (TNx), the lowest maximum temperature (TXn) of the year and the highest maximum temperature (TXx) of the year. The same is true for hot days (TX90p) and hot nights (TN90p). But relatively cool nights (TN10p) and relatively cool days (TX10p) recorded a marked decrease. Pointe-Noire which is located at the edge of the Atlantic Ocean shows a pronounced increase, compared to Brazzaville. Its geographical position allows it to benefit from sea breezes which attenuate the warming of temperatures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Archives of Cardiovascular Diseases is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Archives of Cardiovascular Diseases is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In the context of global warming, changes in extreme weather and climate events are expected, particularly those associated with changes in temperature and precipitation regimes and those that will affect coastal areas. The main objectives of this study were to establish the number of extreme events that have occurred in northeastern New Brunswick, Canada in recent history, and to determine whether their occurrence has increased. By using archived regional newspapers and data from three meteorological stations in a national network, the frequency of extreme events in the study area was established for the time period 1950–2012. Of the 282 extreme weather events recorded in the newspaper archives, 70% were also identified in the meteorological time series analysis. The discrepancy might be explained by the synergistic effect of co‐occurring non‐extreme events, and increased vulnerability over time, resulting from more people and infrastructure being located in coastal hazard zones. The Mann Kendall and Pettitt statistical tests were used to identify trends and the presence of break points in the weather data time series. Results indicate a statistically significant increase in average temperatures and in the number of extreme events, such as extreme hot days, as well as an increase in total annual and extreme precipitation. A significant decrease in the number of frost‐free days and extreme cold days was also found, in addition to a decline in the number of dry days. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents the results of a content analysis of the Canadian Journal of Information and Library Science / Revue canadienne des sciences de l'information et de bibliothéconomie. All articles published since 1986 were analysed for language of publication, number of authors, authors' geographic location, article subject matter, and research methods used in empirical work. Longitudinal trends are noted. These data are compared with earlier descriptions of information science in Canada, and with analyses of the work of Canadian scholars in information science, to paint a fuller picture of the field as it has matured over the past 31 years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of European Review of Service Economics & Management / Revue Européenne d'Economie et Management des Services is the property of Classiques Garnier and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Este trabalho analisa as tendências das desigualdades de acesso ao ensino superior no Brasil ao longo das últimas três décadas, período marcado por grande expansão do sistema de educação superior. São utilizadas informações da Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios (PNAD) e dos Censos Demográficos, a partir das quais modelos de regressão estimam as chances de estudantes que completaram o ensino médio chegarem ao ensino superior no país, em função das origens socioeconômicas, características sociodemográficas, estrutura familiar e diferenças regionais. Os principais resultados indicam queda das desigualdades de acesso, segundo nível educacional dos pais e diferenças raciais.

Climate change, linked to global warming, acts directly on our natural environment, transforming it, and is accompanied by changes in the hydrological cycle. As a consequence, there is drastic reduction in available water resources due to the marked decrease in rainfall. In this study, we use the Mann-Kendall test to characterize the variability and trends of runoff in the Falémé basin over the period 1954–2014. The results of the analysis reveal a statistically significant downward trend in practically every month and in periods of high and of low flows. A trend was observed also in the years with low flow during which the periods of high and low flow were less noticeable. The Mann-Kendall test thus proved effective in identifying the negative trends of the flow in the Falémé basin. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

When construction craft workers consider potential career alternatives, overall job satisfaction is a fundamental factor that influences their retention and productivity. This paper analyzes changes in job satisfaction and job preferences of craft workers in the US construction industry across successive economic recession-expansion cycles. The analysis used data from the General Social Survey (GSS) collected from 1974 to 2014 and compared job satisfaction and preferences of construction craft workers with those in other industries. The authors found that job preferences of the sampled construction respondents changed with each successive recession-expansion cycle and that the desire for high income became more prevalent than that for a sense of accomplishment in physical work, which has traditionally been the top job preference among construction workers in general. Overall job satisfaction among sampled construction respondents was equal to or slightly exceeded the overall job satisfaction of sampled respondents in other industries. Industry craft recruitment efforts can use these insights to design future recruitment and retention strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Bibliotecii Nationale a României is the property of Biblioteca Nationala a Romaniei and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper focuses on tourist consumers who lie at the core of the tourist industry. We first introduce the major paradigms that may be used to investigate tourist behaviors; we then analyse the decision processes which underlie them as well as the (personal, interpersonal and environmental) variables which influence them. Finally, we present a new typology of vacationers based on their decision-making processes. The paper indicates that managers and marketers may be embarrassed by contemporary tourist consumers. Far from being rational and predictable, these go beyond traditional models and segmentations. The transition from the industrial (modern) epoch to the (postmodern) era of information and services leaves indelible marks on behaviours, values and life styles. The last two decades have paved the way for the emergence of a chameleon insatiable tourist.

Objectives: Landmark clinical trials have shown the sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors to have cardiorenal benefits beyond their glucose-lowering effect. Clinical guidelines now recommend their use in patients with chronic kidney disease or heart failure, with or without type 2 diabetes, potentially affecting prescribing patterns among physician specialties., Methods: Using monthly projected total retail dispensed prescription data from IQVIA's CompuScript database, we assessed trends in prescribing SGLT-2 inhibitors among 6 prescriber specialities from 2015 to 2021 in Canada. We assessed these trends at the class, agent, and dose level using joinpoint regression., Results: From 2015 to 2021, the projected total retail dispensed prescriptions of SGLT-2 inhibitors from all prescribers increased. Relative to other prescribers, >60% of SGLT-2 inhibitor prescriptions were written by general practitioners or family physicians. The percentage of prescriptions from endocrinologists decreased (average annual percent change: mean, -10.8; 95% confidence interval [CI], -12.2% to -9.4%), whereas a dramatic increase was observed for cardiologists (mean, 44.1%, 95% CI, 32.9 to 56.2). The percentage from nephrologists also increased, albeit not statistically significant (mean, 12.4; 95% CI, -0.5 to 27.1). Significant changes in the agent and dose of SGLT-2 inhibitor prescribed were also observed among cardiologists and nephrologists., Conclusions: Between 2015 and 2021, there was a steady increase in the proportion of SGLT-2 inhibitor prescriptions from cardiologists and nephrologists, reflecting emerging evidence and guideline recommendations., (Copyright © 2022 Canadian Diabetes Association. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Copyright of Canadian Studies in Population is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Canadian Studies in Population is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Mélanges francophones is the property of Galati University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Considering the trends in medicine, time just seems to move at a slower pace in general practice/family medicine than in the medical specialties. Novel medical drugs and therapeutic modalities appear to take longer to become wellestablished, and sometimes it never happens. There are obvious gaps between the requirements of the guidelines issued by scientific medical societies and the practical implementation of these guidelines by primary care physicians. In health services research this is known as the «evidence-performance gap». The aim of this narrative review is to outline the nature and the dynamics of trends in general practice/family medicine on the one hand and in the medical specialties on the other hand, and to elucidate the potential causes leading to the evidenceperformance gaps observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

RésuméLa pratique contraceptive moderne augmente lentement parmi les jeunes générations au Bénin. La présente étude analyse les tendances, les déterminants du recours aux contraceptifs et leurs mécanismes d'actions chez les adolescentes. Les approches socio-écologique et intersectionnelle ont été adoptées, avec une méthode d'étude mixte portant sur les adolescentes de 15 à 19 ans sexuellement actives et non enceintes. Le volet quantitatif recourt aux données des cinq enquêtes démographiques et de santé du Bénin entre 1996 et 2017-18, avec une analyse descriptive et une régression logistique binaire pas à pas. Les données qualitatives collectées par des observations, discussions de groupe et entretiens individuels auprès de différents acteurs nationaux, ont fait l'objet d'analyse de contenu. Les résultats révèlent une prévalence contraceptive moderne basse, passant de 4,6% en 1996 à 13,3% en 2017-18, avec le préservatif comme principale méthode utilisée (8,2%). En 2017-18, la probabilité d'utiliser les contraceptifs était plus élevée chez les adolescentes des ménages riches (OR = 2,3), les scolarisées (OR = 2,3), les célibataires (OR = 2,1), celles fréquentant les services de planification familiale (PF) (OR = 1,8), connaissant le cycle menstruel (OR = 1,6), et économiquement actives (OR = 1,5). Cependant, être Yoruba réduit les chances d'utiliser les contraceptifs (OR = 0,5). Les données qualitatives confirment ces résultats et les complètent en mettant en avant l'effet du cadre juridique favorable à la pratique contraceptive, la stigmatisation sociale des utilisatrices, et les infox véhiculées en communauté. Nous recommandons des efforts pour le maintien des filles à l'école, la généralisation des services de PF pour les adolescents, la communication communautaire, et la subvention des contraceptifs.

Résumé Entre 2002 et 2011, le marché du travail colombien a connu une nette amélioration des possibilités d'emploi, assortie d'une montée de l'emploi atypique. Les auteurs étudient l'incidence de ces phénomènes sur la qualité de l'emploi au moyen d'un indice synthétique dérivé d'une analyse des correspondances multiples. Ils observent une amélioration, légère mais générale, de cette qualité, associée à l'augmentation des revenus, à l'extension de la protection sociale et au recul du sous-emploi. Les principales bénéficiaires sont les travailleuses indépendantes. Toutefois, un important déficit qualitatif perdure, qui appelle à consolider les institutions du marché du travail et à stimuler la productivité et l'investissement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Résumé Dans les pays où les activités informelles et le travail précaire sont répandus, on peut s'interroger sur la pertinence des taux d'activité et de chômage. Pour analyser le marché du travail brésilien entre 2002 et 2011, les auteurs utilisent ici un indicateur multidimensionnel de la qualité de l'emploi, prenant en compte les revenus, l'existence d'un contrat de travail, le fait de cotiser à la sécurité sociale et l'ancienneté dans l'emploi. Les résultats montrent une augmentation significative de la qualité de l'emploi, surtout de 2009 à 2011, avec d'importantes variations d'un secteur d'activité à l'autre, ainsi qu'entre salariés et indépendants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Phytothérapie is the property of John Libbey Eurotext Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The main purpose of this article is to contribute to the methodological reflection on diagnosis of the times. Such reflection is generally lacking and the main reason is that diagnosis of the times is often confused with description of society, the article argues. Building on social-analytical diagnostics the hypothesis of the article is that diagnosis of the times and description of society are two diametrically opposed kinds of analytical strategies: to diagnose the times is not about describing the existing society, but about diagnosing transformations of the conditions of the times. The object of this diagnosis is thus indications in the times (tendencies) of transformations of the field of possibility for the times (conditions), whereas the object of description of society in the social sciences is the actual social institutions and structures and the actual social actors. The article engages in discussions of the methodological reflections of Ulrich Beck and others carrying out diagnosis of the times. Finally the article gives examples of social-analytical diagnosis of anorexia and creativity in education. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Tanzania has made considerable progress towards reducing childhood mortality, achieving a 57% decrease between 1980 and 2011. This epidemiological transition will cause a reduction in the contribution of infectious diseases to childhood mortality and increase in contribution from non-communicable diseases ( NCDs). Haemoglobinopathies are amongst the most common childhood NCDs, with sickle cell disease ( SCD) being the commonest haemoglobinopathy in Africa. In Tanzania, 10 313 children with SCD under 5 years of age (U5) are estimated to die every year, contributing an estimated 7% of overall deaths in U5 children. Key policies that governments in Africa are able to implement would reduce mortality in SCD, focusing on newborn screening and comprehensive SCD care programmes. Such programmes would ensure that interventions such as prevention of infections using penicillin plus prompt diagnosis and treatment of complications are provided to all individuals with SCD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To describe and analyze the characteristics and trends of hospital admissions for ocular trauma in Chile between 2001 and 2020., Methods: We assessed hospitalizations due to ocular trauma in Chile using data from the hospital discharge registry of Chile's Department of Statistics and Health (DEIS). The JoinPoint regression analysis software was used to perform a trend analysis., Results: From 2001 to 2020, a total of 37,425 patients were hospitalized in Chile with a diagnosis of "Injury of eye and orbit". The mean age was 36.7years, the mean length of stay was 6.85days, 82.4% of the patients were males, and 30.5% were open globe injuries. The average annual hospitalization rate over this period was 11.1/100,000 in the entire population (95% CI: 9.6-12.7), 18.7/100,000 in men (95% CI: 16-21.3) and 3.9/100,000 in women (95% CI: 3.3-4.5). Based on JoinPoint analysis, two temporal trends were identified for hospital admissions. Between 2001 and 2009, hospital admissions decreased 0.1% per year (P=0.876) and between 2009 and 2020 decreased 8.4% per year (P<0.001). On average, hospitalization rates decreased 5.3% per year (P<0.001) over the entire study period., Conclusion: Trauma is a significant cause of ocular morbidity in Chile, occurring mainly in middle-aged men. Since 2009, a significant decrease has been observed in hospitalization rates for ocular trauma in Chile., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Vrana Lake in Dalmatia is a karstic kryptodepression connected to the nearby sea through the karstic subsoil and a canal. Due to interactions with the sea, lake water salinity increases greatly during severe dry periods, seriously endangering the ecosystem. Trend analysis (1961–2010) reveals a decrease in precipitation and surface inflow, but an increase in air temperature, and in sea and lake water levels. Lake inflow and water losses are only partially monitored. Average annual inflow from the monitored part of the catchment is 1722 m3 s-1, but total inflow is significantly greater; the average difference between total inflow and cumulative water losses is 3072 m3 s-1. The paper uses modelling to evaluate total inflow into the lake system, taking into consideration projected climate changes/variations till 2100 from the RegCM3 and ALADIN climate models. The analysis indicates marked decrease in discharge values by the end of this century, by as much as 60%. Editor Z.W. Kundzewicz [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]