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Background: The clinical effects of smartphone-based interventions for bipolar disorder (BD) have yet to be established. Objectives: To examine the efficacy of smartphone-based interventions in BD and how the included studies reported user-engagement indicators. Methods: We conducted a systematic search on January 24, 2022, in PubMed, Scopus, Embase, APA PsycINFO, and Web of Science. We used random-effects meta-analysis to calculate the standardized difference (Hedges’ g) in pre-post change scores between smartphone intervention and control conditions. The study was pre-registered with PROSPERO (CRD42021226668). Results: The literature search identified 6034 studies. Thirteen articles fulfilled the selection criteria. We included seven RCTs and performed meta-analyses comparing the pre-post change in depressive and (hypo)manic symptom severity, functioning, quality of life, and perceived stress between smartphone interventions and control conditions. There was significant heterogeneity among studies and no meta-analysis reached statistical significance. Results were also inconclusive regarding affective relapses and psychiatric readmissions. All studies reported positive user-engagement indicators. Conclusion: We did not find evidence to support that smartphone interventions may reduce the severity of depressive or manic symptoms in BD. The high heterogeneity of studies supports the need for expert consensus to establish ideally how studies should be designed and the use of more sensitive outcomes, such as affective relapses and psychiatric hospitalizations, as well as the quantification of mood instability. The ISBD Big Data Task Force provides preliminary recommendations to reduce the heterogeneity and achieve more valid evidence in the field.

Els residus electrònics que es generen actualment arreu del món és un assumpte clau dins de l’impacte ambiental. Un dels sectors que genera més residus és el del smartphone. Els objectius principals del projecte són l’estudi de l’impacte ambiental del telèfon intel·ligent actualment, per assolir un disseny d’un smartphone modular sostenible que acabi amb la obsolescència programada, a la vegada que es planteja un procés d’iniciatives d’economia circular i fabricació lliure d’explotació laboral i control de l’extracció dels materials. Les metodologies empleades dins d’aquest projecte han estat el Desing Thinking, com a base per generar idees innovadores, i la investigació d’hàbits i comportaments. També s’ha utilitzat el disseny centrat el l’usuari el qual permet entendre les necessitats del usuari i a partir d’aquestes iniciar el procés de disseny que es desenvolupa durant tot el projecte. També s’han estudiat diferents estratègies de màrqueting per a conscienciar sobre l’impacte ambiental que hi ha actualment i, conseqüentment, poder canviar el pensament relacionat amb el consumisme del sector. Un dels resultats obtinguts ha estat un disseny modular sostenible, en el qual és fàcil de canviar els mòduls, un cop aquests tenen algun problema, facilitant el comerç de recanvis, acabant amb la obsolescència programada i aconseguint una estètica atractiva innovadora i futurista. Per altre banda, s’ha plantejat un procés de fabricació sostenible i realista tenint en compte el mercat actual de l’extracció dels materials i l’explotació dels treballadors en aquest. També s’ha plantejat conceptualment el funcionament de l’empresa i el pronòstic d’aquesta i com es podria aplicar una economia circular dins del projecte. Les conclusions obtingudes a partir del treball són positives perquè el resultat assegura que es pot crear un canvi real dins d’aquest mercat. No obstant, es necessitarien una sèrie de factors, canvis i inversions les quals impulsen aquest gran moviment. The electronic waste currently being generated around the world is a key issue in terms of environmental impact, one of the sectors that generates the most waste is the smartphone. The main objectives of the project are the study of the environmental impact of the smartphone at present, to achieve a design of a sustainable modular smartphone that ends the programmed obsolescence, at the same time that create some initiatives of circular economy and free manufacturing of labor exploitation and control of the extraction of materials. The methodologies used in this project have been Desing Thinking as a basis for generating innovative ideas, and researching habits and behaviors. The user-centered design has also been used, which allows us to understand the needs of the user and from these to start the design process that is developed throughout the project. Different marketing strategies have also been studied to raise awareness of the current environmental impact and to be able to change the thinking related to consumerism in the sector. The set of results obtained has been a sustainable modular design which is easy to change the module once they have a problem, facilitating the trade of spare parts, ending the programmed obsolescence and achieving an attractive innovative and futuristic aesthetic. On the other hand, a sustainable and realistic manufacturing process has been proposed, taking into account the current market for the extraction of materials and the exploitation of workers in it. Conceptually, the operation of the company and its forecast and how a circular economy could be applied within the project have also been considered. The conclusions reached from the work have been positive seeing a result which ensures that a real change can be created within this market, however, a series of factors, changes and investments would be needed which drive this great movement.

Our goal in this paper is to analyse the impact of the implementation of M-Learning methodology on the motivation and assimilation of academic contents. A total of 283 university students participated in our study. They were assessed on two different occasions. For the assessment, a 10-question multiple-answer test set up in the Socrative mobile applications was used. To take into consideration the students’ opinion on the experiment a satisfaction survey was used. The results from the global satisfaction survey show that the M-Learning methodology is perceived as a motivating tool (74.6%) which generates a more pleasant environment in the classroom (71%), increases student satisfaction attending classes (80.5%) and helps students acquire learning contents better (72.5%). The repetition and frequency of use of the application increased the final score in all groups (initial-final assessment: 5.9 vs 7.4 points). Data obtained suggest that the M-Learning methodology as a facilitator of content assimilation is useful in the academic environment and is a useful tool for improving the teaching-learning process too.

Although sleep apnea is one of the most prevalent sleep disorders, most patients remain undiagnosed and untreated. The gold standard for sleep apnea diagnosis, polysomnography, has important limitations such as its high cost and complexity. This leads to a growing need for novel cost-effective systems. Mobile health tools and deep learning algorithms are nowadays being proposed as innovative solutions for automatic apnea detection. In this work, a convolutional neural network (CNN) is trained for the identification of apnea events from the spectrograms of audio signals recorded with a smartphone. A systematic comparison of the effect of different window sizes on the model performance is provided. According to the results, the best models are obtained with 60 s windows (sensitivity-0.72, specilicity-0.89, AUROC} =0.88), For smaller windows, the model performance can be negatively impacted, because the windows become shorter than most apnea events, by which sound reductions can no longer be appreciated. On the other hand, longer windows tend to include multiple or mixed events, that will confound the model. This careful trade-off demonstrates the importance of selecting a proper window size to obtain models with adequate predictive power. This paper shows that CNNs applied to smartphone audio signals can facilitate sleep apnea detection in a realistic setting and is a first step towards an automated method to assist sleep technicians. Clinical Relevance - The results show the effect of the window size on the predictive power of CNNs for apnea detection. Furthermore, the potential of smartphones, audio signals, and deep neural networks for automatic sleep apnea screening is demonstrated. © 2022 IEEE.

Aquest treball presenta la recerca en diversos àmbits directament relacionats amb la seguretat informàtica i privacitat de dades (part de recerca) i mostra el desenvolupament d'una aplicació mòbil que sintetitza aquesta informació i ofereix als seus usuaris consells amb dificultat d'execució gradualment ascendent per tal de millorar la seva relació amb el seu entorn tecnològic des del punt de vista de l'estudi (part pràctica). Este trabajo presenta la investigación en diversos ámbitos directamente relacionados con la seguridad informática y privacidad de datos (parte de investigación) y muestra el desarrollo de una aplicación móvil que sintetiza esta información y ofrece a sus usuarios consejos con dificultad de ejecución gradualmente ascendente para mejorar su relación con su entorno tecnológico desde el punto de vista del estudio (parte práctica). This paper presents research in various areas directly related to computer security and data privacy (research part) and shows the development of a mobile application that synthesizes this information and offers its users advice with gradually ascending difficulty of execution to improve their relationship with their technological environment from the point of view of the study (practical part).

Background SIMPLe is an internet‐delivered self‐management mobile app for bipolar disorder (BD) designed to combine technology with evidence-based interventions and facilitate access to psychoeducational content. The SIMPLe app was launched to the real world to make it available worldwide within the context of BD treatment. Objective The main aims of this study are as follows: to describe app use, engagement, and retention rates based on server data; to identify patterns of user retention over the first 6-month follow-up of use; and to explore potential factors contributing to discontinuation of app use. Methods This was an observational ecological study in which we pooled available data from a real-world implementation of the SIMPLe app. Participation was open on the project website, and the data-collection sources were a web-based questionnaire on clinical data and treatment history administered at inclusion and at 6 months, subjective data gathered through continuous app use, and the use patterns captured by the app server. Characteristics and engagement of regular users, occasional users, and no users were compared using 2-tailed t tests or analysis of variance or their nonparametric equivalent. Survival analysis and risk functions were applied to regular users’ data to examine and compare use and user retention. In addition, a user evaluation analysis was performed based on satisfaction, perceived usefulness, and reasons to discontinue app use. Results We included 503 participants with data collected between 2016 and 2018, of whom 77.5% (n=390) used the app. Among the app users, 44.4% (173/390) completed the follow-up assessment, and data from these participants were used in our analyses. Engagement declined gradually over the first 6 months of use. The probability of retention of the regular users after 1 month of app use was 67.4% (263/390; 95% CI 62.7%-72.4%). Age (P=.002), time passed since illness onset (P Conclusions The user retention rate of the app decreased rapidly after each month until reaching only one-third of the users at 6 months. There exists a strong association between age and app engagement of individuals with BD. Other variables such as years lived with BD, diagnosis of an anxiety disorder, and taking antipsychotics seem relevant as well. Understanding these associations can help in the definition of the most suitable user profiles for predicting trends of engagement, optimization of app prescription, and management.

Poor sleep quality or disturbed sleep is associated with multiple health conditions. Sleep position affects the severity and occurrence of these complications, and positional therapy is one of the less invasive treatments to deal with them. Sleep positions can be self-reported, which is unreliable, or determined by using specific devices, such as polysomnography, polygraphy or cameras, that can be expensive and difficult to employ at home. The aim of this study is to determine how smartphones could be used to monitor and treat sleep position at home. We divided our research into three tasks: (1) develop an Android smartphone application (‘SleepPos’ app) which monitors angle-based high-resolution sleep position and allows to simultaneously apply positional treatment, (2) test the smartphone application at home coupled with a pulse oximeter, and (3) explore the potential of this tool to detect the positional occurrence of desaturation events. The results show how the ‘SleepPos’ app successfully determined the sleep position and revealed positional patterns of occurrence of desaturation events. The ‘SleepPos’ app also succeeded in applying positional therapy and preventing the subjects from sleeping in the supine sleep position. This study demonstrates how smartphones are capable of reliably monitoring high-resolution sleep position and provide useful clinical information about the positional occurrence of desaturation events.

Background Despite an increasing number of available mental health apps in the bipolar disorder field, these tools remain scarcely implemented in everyday practice and are quickly discontinued by patients after downloading. The aim of this study is to explore adherence characteristics of bipolar disorder patients to dedicated smartphone interventions in research studies. Methods A systematic review following PRISMA guidelines was conducted. Three databases (EMBASE, PsychInfo and MEDLINE) were searched using the following keywords: "bipolar disorder" or "mood disorder" or “bipolar” combined with “digital” or “mobile” or “phone” or “smartphone” or “mHealth” or “ehealth” or "mobile health" or “app” or “mobile-health”. Results Thirteen articles remained in the review after exclusion criteria were applied. Of the 118 eligible studies, 39 did not provide adherence characteristics. Among the selected papers, study length, sample size and definition of measures of adherence were strongly heterogeneous. Activity rates ranged from 58 to 91.6%. Conclusion The adherence of bipolar patients to apps is understudied. Standardised measures of adherence should be defined and systematically evaluated in future studies dedicated to these tools.

Reproducció del document publicat a: https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-2552/ac19d3, Objective. Impaired trunk stability is frequent in spinal cord injury (SCI), but there is a lack of quantitative measures for assessing trunk function. Our objectives were to: (a) evaluate trunk muscle activity and movement patterns during a reaching task in SCI patients, (b) compare the impact of cervical (cSCI) and thoracic (tSCI) injuries in trunk function, and (c) investigate the effects of a startling acoustic stimulus (SAS) in these patients. Approach. Electromyographic (EMG) and smartphone accelerometer data were recorded from 15 cSCI patients, nine tSCI patients, and 24 healthy controls, during a reaching task requiring trunk tilting. We calculated the response time (RespT) until pressing a target button, EMG onset latencies and amplitudes, and trunk tilt, lateral deviation, and other movement features from accelerometry. Statistical analysis was applied to analyze the effects of group (cSCI, tSCI, control) and condition (SAS, non-SAS) in each outcome measure. Main results. SCI patients, especially those with cSCI, presented significantly longer RespT and EMG onset latencies than controls. Moreover, in SCI patients, forward trunk tilt was accompanied by significant lateral deviation. RespT and EMG latencies were remarkably shortened by the SAS (the so-called StartReact effect) in tSCI patients and controls, but not in cSCI patients, who also showed higher variability. Significance. The combination of EMG and smartphone accelerometer data can provide quantitative measures for the assessment of trunk function in SCI. Our results show deficits in postural control and compensatory strategies employed by SCI patients, including delayed responses and higher lateral deviations, possibly to improve sitting balance. This is the first study investigating the StartReact responses in trunk muscles in SCI patients and shows that the SAS significantly accelerates RespT in tSCI, but not in cSCI, suggesting an increased cortical control exerted by these patients., This work was developed in the framework of the joint project 'Biomedical signal interpretation to study motor impairment, neurological disorders and novel personalised neurorehabilitation therapies', between the Fundación Institut Guttmann and the Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia. This work was supported in part by a fellowship from 'La Caixa' Foundation (ID 100010434) with fellowship code LCF/BQ/DE18/11670019, in part by the Secretaria d'Universitats i Recerca de la Generalitat de Catalunya under Grant GRC 2017 SGR 01770, in part by the Agencia Estatal de Investigación, the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities, and the European Regional Development Fund under Grant RTI2018 098472-B-I00, in part by the CERCA Program/Generalitat de Catalunya, in part by H2020-ERA-NET Neuron under Grant AC16/00034, in part by La Marató de TV3 2017 under Grant 201713.31, and in part by Premi Beca 'Mike Lane' 2019—Castellers de la Vila de Gràcia. The authors declare no competing interests.

© 2021 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes,creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works. The new generation of communication networks can provide massive connectivity of devices, extremely low latency, higher capacity, and increased bandwidth. These features enable the deployment of management systems in different sectors such as energy and in a wide variety of environments such as agriculture, surveillance or home systems. In this regard, this paper proposes a self-powered adaptive and automated home energy control system enabled by the Internet of Things (IoT) technologies. The system aims to adapt the consumption patterns to the availability of self-generated renewable energy (produced from solar panels, wind-mills, etc.). Therefore, the renewable and non-renewable supply from the power grid is considered a secondary power source. As part of the proposal, this paper presents the consumption negotiation scheme for IoT devices, the management mechanisms to optimize the use of the available energy, and the related model. Given the complexity of the adaptive management process, the proposal also presents a heuristic strategy based on a prepartitioning method to obtain feasible solutions in a reasonable running time. The simulation results for offline and online scenarios validate the advantages of the proposed strategy, and the numerical improvements are presented. This work was supported by the Agencia Estatal de Investigación of Spain under the project PID2019-108713RB-C51/AEI/10.12039/501100011033. ChristianTipantuña acknowledges the support from Escuela Politécnica Nacional (EPN) and from Secretaría de Educación Superior, Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación(SENESCYT) for his doctoral studies at Universitat Politécnica de Catalunya (UPC). Award-winning

Esta memoria muestra el proceso que he seguido para implementar un sistema, compuesto por una aplicación Android y una API REST, con la finalidad de ayudar a los conductores a encontrar plaza de aparcamiento. Dentro de esta memoria se puede encontrar un estudio del estado del arte, que planificación he seguido, qué técnicas de diseño se han utilizado, y ejemplos de la implementación. A modo de conclusión, los resultados y reflexiones. This report shows the process that I have followed to implement a system, made up of an Android application and a REST API, with the objective of helping drivers find a parking spot. Within this report you can find a study of the state of the art, what planning I followed, what design techniques have been used, and examples of implementation. At the end, the results and reflections.

In the last decade, smartphones have become an essential tool in our daily life. Besides its key and common uses, much more applications can be extracted from them. Ionospheric research traces back several years, and it is still a trending field in research, growing fast with the frequent release of new satellites. The aim of this work is to see if Xiaomi Mi8, the world¿s first dual-frequency smartphone, provides sufficient quality in its GNSS signals to achieve some fine accuracy values to validate the signals and make them usable. The thesis consists mainly of two different, but related objectives. At first, Xiaomi Mi8 smartphone¿s capability and quality of the received and measured signals it is studied, while comparing it with a geodetic receiver, the Trimble R9, both essentially co-located with several decimeters distance between them. As displayed in the results section, the observable satellite measurements, carrier phase and pseudorange, from one receiver to another do not diverge much from each other, indicating that besides the notable noise held in the smartphone¿s signals, the smartphone is a cheaper and a good alternative to geodetic receivers, commonly used for collecting those measurements. Secondly, TEC measurements from signals collected from both receivers are computed, analyzed, and compared with some TEC maps extracted from Madrigal Geospace Database. Some unexpected results arose from the smartphone¿s measurements, bringing this thesis to conclude that the noise embedded in the Xiaomi Mi8 receiver's pseudorange measurements are much higher than the actual raw measurements, making the pseudorange indistinguishable from the noise. Anyhow, some alternative methodology is finally proposed in order to solve the problem and discern if smartphones are or not capable for TEC determination and ionospheric research.

En el marc del programa europeu COST Action TU 1306, Cyberparks és una APP per a telèfons smart per capturar la demanda insatisfeta o oculta dels usuaris d'espais oberts urbans com parcs, carrers o places. L'objectiu és determinar la percepció o preferències que la població té en aquest espai i quins són els elements que la població desitjaria que hi hagués en lloc dels presents en aquest moment. Els resultats podrien ser utilitzats per a futures polítiques públiques sobre quines serien les estratègies per cobrir una major demanda.

Pandèmies; Preescolar; Temps de pantalla Pandemias; Preescolar; Tiempo de pantalla Pandemics; Preschool; Screen time Background: Total lockdown due to COVID-19 pandemic might have potentially increased screen time in children. This study aims to describe the smartphone and tablets usage in children under 48 months living in Barcelona during the COVID-19 confinement. Methods: Cross-sectional study using a non-probabilistic sample of parents with children under 48 months living in Barcelona (Spain) during COVID-19 confinement (n = 313). We calculated percentages of exposure to smartphones and tablets. Moreover, for those children were exposed, we calculated unadjusted and adjusted Geometric Mean Ratios (GMR) of daily smartphones and tablets usage and their 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) trough Generalized Linear Models with Gamma family and link log. Associations were adjusted for potential confounders. Results: During COVID-19 confinement, 67.5% of children under 48 months were daily exposed to smartphones and tablets. Further, those children who were exposed during meals, as well as before going to bed, spend longer durations using them, aGMR = 2.38 (95% CI 1.73, 3.34) and aGMR = 1.95 (95% CI 1.34, 2.91) respectively. Conclusion: Two out of three children under 48 months living in Barcelona were daily exposed to smartphones and tablets during total lockdown due to COVID-19. Taking this findings into account cohort studies are needed to assess any change in the screen time patterns due to total confinement in order to allow the Government help families, particularly those more vulnerable, in a possible pandemic resurgence. The Group of Evaluation of Health Determinants and Health Policies (À.C.-H., C.L., A.D.-I., J.C.M.-S., and J.M.M.-S.) receives support from the Ministry of Universities and Research, Government of Catalonia (grant 2017SGR609) from the Government of Catalonia.

Treballs Finals de Grau d'Enginyeria Informàtica, Facultat de Matemàtiques, Universitat de Barcelona, Any: 2021, Director: Oscar Amorós Huguet, [en] Being exposed on social networks can have strong consequences that can determine people's lives. Nowadays you can find work on a social network, sell your car, find a partner or ruin your career. Human beings have not been able to adapt this new revolution to their lives, since many people are influenced by this great giant, which can make connections with the user that could become toxic. There is no real impediment that protects the user from suffering these consequences. In this TFG we will talk about MyBoards, a different "social network" in this regard. MyBoards is a mobile application which aims to unlink the user from the content and present it in a way that there is no hierarchy between users, none is worth more than another. The content will be renewed by the community itself periodically. Anonymity will give you the protection to express yourself freely in addition to leaving no one but the user himself the right to judge himself. In this document will be presented the design and implementation of an application prototype that meets the main characteristics described.

Aquest treball final de màster tracta el disseny i la implementació de Rewind, una aplicació per a dispositius Android que permetrà "tornar enrere en el temps" i reviure alguns dels moments més importats realitzats amb el teu telèfon mòbil. La majoria dels smartphones, d'avui dia, compten amb una gran capacitat d'emmagatzematge intern el que afavoreix el seu ús en el dia a dia. Des de la seva aparició fa ja més d'un lustre, els telèfons intel·ligents han envaït les nostres vides: relacions d'amistat, reunions familiars, moments de parella ... I com no podia ser d'una altre manera, també han entrat de manera incontestable en el pla laboral. Rewind és una aplicació diferent que ajuda a recordar els teus records o moments determinats en el temps, extrets directament de la memòria del teu telèfon mòbil. Seleccionant un dia de la teva vida podràs visualitzar totes fotografies emmagatzemades, una trucada rebuda, un nou contacte afegit a la agenda o correu electrònic rebut, entre altres. Amb aquest treball es pretén desenvolupar un projecte de principi a fi, aplicant els coneixements obtinguts al llarg del màster i donant com a resultat una aplicació nova i usable, amb una interfície amigable i intel·ligible. Este trabajo final de máster trata el diseño y la implementación de Rewind, una aplicación para dispositivos Android que permitirá "volver atrás en el tiempo" y revivir algunos de los momentos más importados realizados con tu teléfono móvil. La mayoría de los smartphones, de hoy en día, cuentan con una gran capacidad de almacenamiento interno el que favorece su uso en el día a día. Desde su aparición hace ya más de un lustro, los smartphones han invadido nuestras vidas: relaciones de amistad, reuniones familiares, momentos de pareja ... Y como no podía ser de una otro manera, también han entrado de manera incontestable en el plan laboral. Rewind es una aplicación diferente que ayuda a recordar tus recuerdos o momentos determinados en el tiempo, extraídos directamente de la memoria de tu teléfono móvil. Seleccionando un día de tu vida podrás visualizar todas fotografías almacenadas, una llamada recibida, un nuevo contacto añadido a la agenda o correo electrónico recibido, entre otros. Con este trabajo se pretende desarrollar un proyecto de principio a fin, aplicando los conocimientos obtenidos a lo largo del máster y donante como resultado una aplicación nueva y usable, con una interfaz amigable e inteligible. This final master's thesis deals with the design and implementation of Rewind, an application for Android devices that will allow you to "go back in time" and relive some of the most important moments made with your mobile phone. Most smartphones today have a large internal storage capacity which favors their use in everyday life. Since its appearance more than a decade ago, smartphones have invaded our lives: friendships, family reunions, moments of dating ... And how could it be otherwise, too they have unquestionably entered the work plan. Rewind is a different application that helps to remember your memories or certain moments in time extracted directly from the memory of your mobile phone. Selecting a day in your life will allow you to view all stored photos, an incoming call, a new contact added to your calendar, or an email received, among others. This work aims to develop a project from start to finish, applying the knowledge obtained throughout the master's degree and resulting in a new usable application, with a user-friendly and intelligible interface.

The COVID-19 pandemic is changing the world in unprecedented and unpredictable ways. Human mobility, being the greatest facilitator for the spread of the virus, is at the epicenter of this change. In order to study mobility under COVID-19, to evaluate the efficiency of mobility restriction policies, and to facilitate a better response to future crisis, we need to understand all possible mobility data sources at our disposal. Our work studies private mobility sources, gathered from mobile-phones and released by large technological companies. These data are of special interest because, unlike most public sources, it is focused on individuals rather than on transportation means. Furthermore, the sample of society they cover is large and representative. On the other hand, these data are not directly accessible for anonymity reasons. Thus, properly interpreting its patterns demands caution. Aware of that, we explore the behavior and inter-relations of private sources of mobility data in the context of Spain. This country represents a good experimental setting due to both its large and fast pandemic peak and its implementation of a sustained, generalized lockdown. Our work illustrates how a direct and naive comparison between sources can be misleading, as certain days (e.g., Sundays) exhibit a directly adverse behavior. After understanding their particularities, we find them to be partially correlated and, what is more important, complementary under a proper interpretation. Finally, we confirm that mobile-data can be used to evaluate the efficiency of implemented policies, detect changes in mobility trends, and provide insights into what new normality means in Spain. Part of this research has received funding from the European Union Horizon 2020 Programme under the SoBigData++ Project, grant agreement num. 871,042. Martí Català received funding from La Caixa Foundation (ID 100010434), under agreement LCF/PR/GN17/50300003; Martí Català received funding from Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades and FEDER, with the project PGC2018-095456-B-I00.E. A-L EAL thanks support from the Spanish Ministry of Science Innovation and Universities, (SAF2017-88019-C3-3R).

Background Despite an increasing number of smartphone apps, such therapeutic tools have not yet consistently demonstrated their efficacy and many suffer from low retention rates. To ensure the development of efficient apps associated with high adherence, we aimed to identify, through a user-centred design approach, patient and physician expectations of a hypothetical app dedicated to depression. Methods We conducted semi-structured interviews with physicians (psychiatrists and general practitioners) and patients who had experienced a major depressive episode during the last 12 months using the focus group method. The interviews were audio recorded, transcribed and analysed using qualitative content analysis to define codes, categories and emergent themes. Results A total of 26 physicians and 24 patients were included in the study. The focus groups showed balanced sex and age distributions. Most participants owned a smartphone (83.3% of patients, 96.1% of physicians) and were app users (79.2% of patients and 96.1% of physicians). The qualitative content analysis revealed 3 main themes: content, operating characteristics and barriers to the use of the app. Expected content included the data collected by the app, aiming to provide information about the patient, data provided by the app, gathering psychoeducation elements, therapeutic tools and functionalities to help with the management of daily life and features expected for this tool. The “operating characteristics” theme gathered aims considered for the app, its potential target users, considered modalities of use and considerations around its accessibility and security of use. Finally, barriers to the use of the app included concerns about potential app users, its accessibility, safety, side-effects, utility and functioning. All themes and categories were the same for patients and physicians. Conclusions Physician and patient expectations of a hypothetical smartphone app dedicated to depression are high and confirmed the important role it could play in depression care. The key points expected by the users for such a tool are an easy and intuitive use and a personalised content. They are also waiting for an app that gives information about depression, offers a self-monitoring functionality and helps them in case of emergency.

mSalud; Aplicaciones móviles; Tecnologías sanitarias; Evaluación mHealth; Mobile applications; Health technologies; Evaluation mSalut; Aplicacions mòbils; Tecnologies sanitàries; Avaluació La actual proliferación del uso de tecnologías de mSalud en el campo de la promoción de la salud y la prevención y/o el control de enfermedades ha hecho necesario el diseño de marcos evaluativos que permitan conocer su aceptabilidad, factibilidad, usabilidad, validez, fiabilidad o sus potenciales efectos sobre variables de salud. La aplicación de estos marcos evaluativos a aplicaciones móviles es indispensable para pilotar su adecuación y viabilidad. El objeto de este desarrollo metodológico es proponer una herramienta para la evaluación de tecnologías sanitarias de mSalud. The current proliferation of the use of mHealth technologies in the field of health promotion and prevention and/ or disease control requires the necessity to design evaluation frameworks to know their acceptability, feasibility, usability, validity, reliability or their potential effects on health variables. The application of evaluation frameworks to assess the quality of mobile solutions is essential to pilot their suitability and viability. The objective of this methodological development is to propose a tool for the evaluation mHealth solutions. L’actual proliferació de l’ús de tecnologies de mSalud en el camp de la promoció de la salut i la prevenció i/o el control de malalties ha fet necessari el disseny de marcs avaluatius que en permetin conèixer l’acceptabilitat, factibilitat, usabilitat, validesa, fiabilitat o els efectes potencials sobre variables de salut. L’aplicació d’aquests marcs avaluatius en aplicacions mòbils és indispensable per pilotar-ne l’adequació i la viabilitat. L’objecte d’aquest desenvolupament metodològic és proposar una eina per a l’avaluació de tecnologies sanitàries de mSalud.

The research aimed to describe the development process of online learning application in physics for school course using the ADDIE model. This application is called Learning Management System Supported Smartphone (LMS3). LMS3 can facilitate preservice physics teacher to enhance digital literacy. The authors analyzed need assessment based on learning objectives, designed LMS3 in the form of a flow chart system and storyboard, produced LMS3 through professional programmers, filled in LMS3 content and conducted expert validation, implemented LMS3 in physics for school course, and evaluated LMS3 during implementation. This research is a descriptive study involving media and pedagogical experts as well as 40 preservice physics teachers in Tasikmalaya. Data collection techniques were carried out by the study of literature, the expert validation, and preservice physics teacher perception questionnaires. Expert validation and preservice physics teacher perception were obtained by using a Likert scale. The validation results from the experts were processed using the validation value equation developed by Aiken. The results of the expert validation show that the validation value is 1 and met the minimum validation requirements of the application. Perception of preservice physics teacher showed positive response to LMS3. The LMS3 has good display, function, and good effect on their learning motivation and digital literacy.

Background In the absence of a vaccine or effective treatment for COVID-19, countries have adopted nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) such as social distancing and full lockdown. An objective and quantitative means of passively monitoring the impact and response of these interventions at a local level is needed. Objective We aim to explore the utility of the recently developed open-source mobile health platform Remote Assessment of Disease and Relapse (RADAR)–base as a toolbox to rapidly test the effect and response to NPIs intended to limit the spread of COVID-19. Methods We analyzed data extracted from smartphone and wearable devices, and managed by the RADAR-base from 1062 participants recruited in Italy, Spain, Denmark, the United Kingdom, and the Netherlands. We derived nine features on a daily basis including time spent at home, maximum distance travelled from home, the maximum number of Bluetooth-enabled nearby devices (as a proxy for physical distancing), step count, average heart rate, sleep duration, bedtime, phone unlock duration, and social app use duration. We performed Kruskal-Wallis tests followed by post hoc Dunn tests to assess differences in these features among baseline, prelockdown, and during lockdown periods. We also studied behavioral differences by age, gender, BMI, and educational background. Results We were able to quantify expected changes in time spent at home, distance travelled, and the number of nearby Bluetooth-enabled devices between prelockdown and during lockdown periods (P Conclusions RADAR-base, a freely deployable data collection platform leveraging data from wearables and mobile technologies, can be used to rapidly quantify and provide a holistic view of behavioral changes in response to public health interventions as a result of infectious outbreaks such as COVID-19. RADAR-base may be a viable approach to implementing an early warning system for passively assessing the local compliance to interventions in epidemics and pandemics, and could help countries ease out of lockdown.

The potential dangers of internet-based gambling as compared with more traditional land-based gambling have been increasingly investigated over the past decade. The general consensus appears to be that although internet gambling might not be a more dangerous medium for gambling per se, the 24/7 availability it generates for problem gamblers, however, is. Because smartphones have become the most used way of gambling online, internet gambling must, therefore, be further subcategorized according to the device by which it is accessed. This study examines the issue by exploring the views of smartphone gamblers undergoing treatment for gambling disorder in focus group settings ( N=35). Utilizing thematic analysis, the paper shows that smartphone gambling has colonized spaces previously regarded as nongambling spheres. The workplace, especially in male-dominated contexts, emerged as an accommodator and stimulator of gambling behavior, raising issues of productivity rather than criminality. Domestic gambling was mostly characterized by an invasion of bathroom and bedtime spheres of intimacy. The study examines the implications of prevention and treatment, focusing on the minimization of exposure to gambling stimuli, the erosion of intimacy that recovering gamblers must endure, and the necessity of embracing a broader definition of gambling-related harm.

El presente Trabajo Fin de Máster propone un escenario de Centro Comercial Inteligente en el que mediante la combinación de tecnologías inalámbricas y técnicas de análisis de datos pretender mejorar la experiencia de usuario de las compras que realizan en un entorno de Smart City. El trabajo trata de recoger las impresiones de estudios realizados sobre la población que asiste a Centros Comerciales y cómo reconocen la utilidad de aplicaciones que les ayudan a realizar sus compras de forma más eficiente. Se plantea el desarrollo de sistemas de recomendación de tiendas de Centro Comercial basados en "Filtros Colaborativos" y "Técnicas de Verosimilitud" que son empleados a día de hoy en el comercio electrónico. El escenario planteado consta de un entorno de Centro Comercial Inteligente en cuyas tiendas se despliega un sistema de dispositivos inalámbricos que recopilarán información de los clientes alimentando así al sistema de recomendación. Los clientes tendrán descargada una APP en sus smartphones a través de la cual se ejercerá el vínculo contractual de protección de datos entre el Centro Comercial y el usuario de la APP. La información recopilada alimentará el sistema de análisis que proporcionará al usuario la recomendación de tiendas en función de diversos criterios. Finalmente, los ejemplos de técnicas de recomendación implementados han servido para clarificar el propósito final de mejora de experiencia de usuario. El present Treball Fi de Màster proposa un escenari de Centre Comercial Intel·ligent en el qual mitjançant la combinació de tecnologies sense fils i tècniques d'anàlisis de dades pretendre millorar l'experiència d'usuari de les compres que realitzen en un entorn de Smart City. El treball tracta de recollir les impressions d'estudis realitzats sobre la població que assisteix a Centres Comercials i com reconeixen la utilitat d'aplicacions que els ajuden a realitzar les seves compres de forma més eficient. Es planteja el desenvolupament de sistemes de recomanació de botigues de Centre Comercial basats en "Filtres Col·laboratius" i "Tècniques de Versemblança" que són emprats avui dia en el comerç electrònic. L'escenari plantejat consta d'un entorn de Centre Comercial Intel·ligent en les botigues del qual es desplega un sistema de dispositius sense fils que recopilaran informació dels clients alimentant així al sistema de recomanació. Els clients tindran descarregada una APP en els seus telèfons intel·ligents a través de la qual s'exercirà el vincle contractual de protecció de dades entre el Centre Comercial i l'usuari de l'APP. La informació recopilada alimentarà el sistema d'anàlisi que proporcionarà a l'usuari la recomanació de botigues en funció de diversos criteris. Finalment, els exemples de tècniques de recomanació implementats han servit per a aclarir el propòsit final de millora d'experiència d'usuari. In order to improve the client experience at purchase action, this project proposes a scenario where Smart Shopping Centre and new Technologies are combined in a Smart City environment. The developed work takes into account already done appraisals about people that visited several Shopping Centers and how they realize how much useful recommendation systems are when they have to choice about where and what to buy. In this context, this project will show some algorithm examples, based on Collaborative Filtering, that are currently used on e-commerce. A wireless access system it is deployed along all shops in a Smart Shopping Center. This system will be monitoring clients and collecting data from them. This data will feed a recommendator system based on Collaborative Filtering algorithms. Clients will access to the system using their own mobile devices (through a proposed Mobile APP) and other wireless devices (such as RFID tags) and they will able to get benefits receiving different-criteria generated recommendations from system. Finally, after all system description, some examples of recommendations are showed in last chapters for a better understanding of the solution proposed.

El principal objetivo de este trabajo es crear un videojuego pasando por todas las fases del desarrollo, recolección y definición de requisitos, diseño conceptual y DCU, implementación y pruebas, y por último la entrega del producto final. Se han aplicados conceptos de metodologías ágiles para descomponer el proyecto en distintas tareas y objetivos, debidamente priorizadas, con el fin de realizar una mejor planificación y gestión de riesgo. Para el desarrollo se ha utilizado el motor de videojuegos Unity con las librerías necesarias para exportar una versión de la aplicación a Android. El principal objectiu d'aquest treball és crear un videojoc passant per totes les fases de desenvolupament, recol·lecció i definició de requisits, disseny conceptual i DCU, implementació i proves, i finalment el lliurament del producte final. S'han aplicats conceptes de metodologies àgils per descompondre el projecte en diferents tasques i objectius, degudament prioritzades, per tal de realitzar una millor planificació i gestió de risc. Per al desenvolupament s'ha utilitzat el motor de videojocs Unity amb les llibreries necessàries per exportar una versió de l'aplicació a Android. The main objective of this work is to create a video game by going through all the phases of development, gathering and defining requirements, conceptual design and UCD, implementation and testing, and finally the delivery of the final product. Agile methodology concepts have been applied to decompose the project into different tasks and objectives, duly prioritized, in order to perform better planning and risk management. For the development, the Unity game engine has been used with the necessary libraries to export a version of the application to Android.

Nowadays, with the improvement of the hardware devices and its processing capabil- ities as well as the big data field, a new promising stage in the Artificial Intelligence is born. Hence, a lot of useful applications involving AI are being developed which enable automatizing activities, patterns and voice recognition, pattern and image classification. . . Taking all this into consideration, this thesis intended to develop an incident detector and classifier using data collected by the SimRa App. This App records the rides from cyclists using the accelerometer sensor of the smartphone where it runs. First, the dataset will be overviewed to get an insight of how many useful data is available. Then a data extraction and a subsequent signal enhancement, with filtering and other signal processing techniques like ICA, will be performed in order to improve the quality of the signal that will feed the end classifier. Afterwards, a data adaptation and the developing of several classifiers will be done in order to obtain a reliable incident detector and a satisfactory incident classifier. Finally, an evaluation of the full algorithm processing time will be held as a means to know the viability of the deployment in the SimRa smartphone App.