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This Research Letter describes the increasing trend of almost-constant social media use among California adolescents and the association with serious psychological distress, focusing on the influence of familial and experiential factors.

BackgroundHIV or sexually transmitted infections remain a significant public health concern in the United States, with adolescents affected disproportionately. Adolescents engage in HIV/STI risk behaviors, including drug use and condomless sex, which increase the risk for HIV/STIs. At-risk adolescents, many of whom are racial minorities, experience HIV/STI disparities. Although at-risk adolescents are disproportionately affected by HIV/STI risk behaviors and infections and although the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends routine HIV/STI testing for adolescents, relatively few adolescents report having ever been tested for HIV/STI. With expected increases in health clinic visits as a result of the Affordable Care Act combined with technological advances, health clinics and mobile health (mHealth), including apps, provide innovative contexts and tools to engage at-risk adolescents in HIV/STI prevention programs. Yet, there is a dearth of efficacious mHealth interventions in health clinics to prevent and reduce both condomless sex and drug use and increase HIV/STI testing for at-risk adolescents.ObjectiveTo address this gap in knowledge, we developed a theory-driven, culturally congruent mHealth intervention (hereon referred to as S4E [Storytelling 4 Empowerment]) that has demonstrated feasibility and acceptability in a clinical setting. The next step is to examine the preliminary efficacy of S4E on adolescent HIV/STI testing and risk behaviors. This goal will be accomplished by 2 aims: the first aim is to develop a cross-platform and universal version of S4E. The cross-platform and universal version of S4E will be compatible with both iOS and Android operating systems and multiple mobile devices, aimed at providing adolescents with ongoing access to the intervention once they leave the clinic, and the second aim is to evaluate the preliminary efficacy of S4E, relative to usual care control condition, in preventing or reducing drug use and condomless sex and increasing HIV/STI testing in a clinical sample of at-risk adolescents aged 14-21 years living in Southeast Michigan.MethodsIn this study, 100 adolescents recruited from a youth-centered community health clinic will be randomized via blocked randomization with random sequences of block sizes to one of the 2 conditions: S4E mHealth intervention or usual care. Theory-driven and culturally congruent, S4E is an mHealth adaptation of face-to-face storytelling for empowerment, which is registered with the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration's National Registry of Evidence-Based Programs and Practices.ResultsThis paper describes the protocol of our study. The recruitment began on May 1, 2018. This study was registered on December 11, 2017, in ClinicalTrials.gov. All participants have been recruited. Data analysis will be complete by the end of March 2024, with study findings available by December 2024.ConclusionsThis study has the potential to improve public health by preventing HIV/STI and substance use disorders.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT03368456; https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT03368456.International registered report identifier (irrid)DERR1-10.2196/47216.

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) -- potentially traumatizing events that occur in childhood -- have been linked to serious health problems later in life. Despite the documented negative effects of ACEs, and the high prevalence of ACEs in lower-middle-income countries, research about ACE prevalence is sparse for locales in Sub-Saharan Africa. This descriptive study examined the prevalence of ACEs among 800 children and teens in the Cape Coast Metropolis, Ghana, as reported by their parents (or caregivers), who were recruited from February to April 2021. Parent-reported sociodemographic characteristics and ACEs experienced by the children and teens were collected with the Center for Youth Wellness ACE Questionnaire (CYW ACE-Q). Analysis of the parents' reports indicated that about 84.9% of the children and teens had been exposed to at least one ACE, 69.1% had experienced two or more ACEs, and 51.8% had experienced three or more ACEs. The most prevalent ACEs, according to the parents, were community violence (50.2%), separated parents (34.0%), physical abuse (33.4%), and emotional abuse (28.9%). This study thus reveals a high prevalence of ACEs in the Cape Coast Metropolis of Ghana, suggesting the need for policies and actions aimed at reducing community violence and protecting children from abuse in the Metropolis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of YouTube has various impacts on its users, especially on teenagers who like to watch live-streaming content of Mobile Legends games on Miya's Top Global channel. This study aims to analyze verbal communication in the live streaming content and identify changes in adolescent behavior after watching. The research method used is qualitative, using data triangulation techniques through interviews, observations, and documentation. The results of the study show that the Mobile Legends live streaming content on the Top Global Miya channel has a significant impact on adolescents' verbal communication, such as the use of coarse language, increased vocabulary related to the game, and changes in intonation and speaking speed. The discussion highlighted that although there is an improvement in more precise and concise communication skills, there are also negative impacts, such as the use of offensive language and verbal violence. In conclusion, this livestreaming content contributes to the formation of adolescent communication patterns that are not in accordance with social norms, and parental guidance is needed to overcome these negative impacts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Families in the divorce process are in a condition that requires adjustment and acceptance that is quite heavy for the spouse, children, and other family members. This qualitative research in data collection uses interviews and in-depth observations of 5-subjects. The divorce cases in this study occurred after the marriage lasted between 15–22 years, thus the respondents were teenagers aged 17–21 years. The results of the research show that interpersonal communication between parents (mothers) and their children and the dimension of religiosity are factors that play a significant role in facing the divorce process of their parents, and are more prepared for life as a divided family. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: It is crucial to identify and evaluate feasible, proactive ways to reach teens with eating disorders (EDs) who may not otherwise have access to screening or treatment. This study aimed to explore the feasibility of recruiting teens with EDs to a digital intervention study via social media and a publicly available online ED screen, and to compare the characteristics of teens recruited by each approach in an exploratory fashion. Method: Teens aged 14–17 years old who screened positive for a clinical/subclinical ED or at risk for an ED and who were not currently in ED treatment completed a baseline survey to assess current ED symptoms, mental health comorbidities, and barriers to treatment. Bivariate analyses were conducted to examine differences between participants recruited via social media and those recruited after completion of a widely available online EDs screen (i.e., National Eating Disorders Association [NEDA] screen). Results: Recruitment of teens with EDs using the two online approaches was found to be feasible, with 934 screens completed and a total of 134 teens enrolled over 6 months: 77% (n = 103) via social media 23% (n = 31) via the NEDA screen. Mean age of participants (N = 134) was 16 years old, with 49% (n = 66) identifying as non‐White, and 70% (n = 94) identifying as a gender and/or sexual minority. Teens from NEDA reported higher ED psychopathology scores (medium effect size) and more frequent self‐induced vomiting and driven exercise (small effect sizes). Teens from NEDA also endorsed more barriers to treatment, including not feeling ready for treatment and not knowing where to find a counselor or other resources (small effect sizes). Discussion: Online recruitment approaches in this study reached a large number of teens with an interest in a digital intervention to support ED recovery, demonstrating the feasibility of these outreach methods. Both approaches reached teens with similar demographic characteristics; however, teens recruited from NEDA reported higher ED symptom severity and barriers to treatment. Findings suggest that proactive assessment and intervention methods should be developed and tailored to meet the needs of each of these groups. Public Significance: This study examined the feasibility of recruiting teens with EDs to a digital intervention research study via social media and NEDA's online screen, and demonstrated differences in ED symptoms among participants by recruitment approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently in the United States, many states provide abstinence only education to students, if sexual education is mandatory at all. This is largely because of the 2017 policy that redirected funding through grants from comprehensive sexual education to abstinence only education. This Note proposes that the current administration redirect the money back to comprehensive sexual education policies that were productive during the early 2010s. The federal government should also provide a level‐based curriculum to states to ease the implementation of comprehensive sexual education in schools. Key Points for the Family Court Community: In 2010, the United States federal government created the Teen Pregnancy Prevention Program which, for the first time, provided federal funding to states and programs that used comprehensive sexual education.In its first 5 years (2010–2015), the Teen Pregnancy Prevention Program provided comprehensive sexual education to over 500,000 children and teens, from the ages of 10–19 years old.In 2018, the federal government used the funding provided for the Teen Pregnancy Prevention Program to promote and fund abstinence only education.Despite federal court orders mandating that funding still be provided to grantees of the Teen Pregnancy Prevention Program from 2015, the Department of Health and Human Services refused to honor the funding promised.Comprehensive sexual education has been proven over the years to be the better method of preventing teen pregnancy, decreasing domestic violence, promoting healthy relationships, and overall preparing teens for adult relationships and life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To examine the impact of About Us , an innovative healthy relationships intervention that promotes positive adolescent romantic relationships and the use of effective contraceptives, on improving behavior, attitudes, and intentions related to sexual intercourse, relationship communication, and conflict resolution at 3- and 9-month follow-up, compared to services as usual. This was a multi-site, two-group, parallel, randomized-controlled trial with an intervention/comparison allocation ratio of 3:2 conducted at seven high schools in California between February 2018 and May 2021. Overall, our study did not find statistically significant evidence of improved behavior, attitudes, and intentions related to sexual intercourse, relationship communication, and conflict resolution among participants (14–18 years old) randomized to the intervention group (n = 316) compared to services as usual (n = 217) during follow-up (group x time; p >.05). Exploratory within group analyses showed that, compared to baseline, at the 3-month follow-up, the prevalence of reporting having had sex increased in the control group relative to intervention group (+19% vs. +9%, p <.01). Our sub-group analyses showed that changes in condom use intentions scores differed across school sites (group x time x school; p <.01); mixed (positive and negative) trends were observed for intervention effect, and schools with positive intervention effect trends tended to have greater program participation. About Us did not show statistically significant positive impacts on primary or secondary outcomes as anticipated. Our exploratory findings show evidence of some promising trends of intervention effects at the school-level, suggesting a need for better tailored intervention components and/or delivery to address the unique environmental contexts of participants. Overall, the context of study implementation was negatively affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and challenges related to using a non-classroom delivery intervention approach. Combined, these factors may have contributed to the study null findings. Moreover, it is difficult to know (or determine) the intervention's impact under more ideal conditions (i.e., no COVID pandemic). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study examined the long‐term effects of the COVID‐19 pandemic on adolescents' substance use, digital media use, and symptoms of internet, gaming, and social media addiction. Method: A nationally representative longitudinal cohort of 1665 Israeli teens and preteens, aged 9–16, completed questionnaires assessing substance use prevalence, daily screen time, symptoms of media addiction, and potential risk and protective factors. Data were collected before the pandemic (October 2019), after the second wave lockdown (November 2020), and after the fifth wave (April 2022) in Israel. Results: The analysis documented significant increases in substance use, daily screen time, and social media addiction indices over time. Gratitude, life satisfaction, positive emotions, future orientation, grit, and secure attachment emerged as significant protective factors. Sensation‐seeking, negative emotions, and mental health symptoms were identified as risk factors. Conclusions: These findings highlight the importance of educational and public mental health services in addressing the pandemic's long‐term impact on the mental health and addictive behaviors of adolescents. They also emphasize the significance of enhancing protective factors and reducing risk factors to effectively mitigate substance and digital media abuse among adolescents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this invited paper, as first runner-up for the 2023 Elliot Eisner Doctoral Research Award in Art Education, Kendall Crabbe draws upon her 2022 dissertation, Intergenerational Counternarratives of Creative Agency: Reimagining Inclusive Practices Through Youth Participatory Action Research, to problematize how art museum educators include young people in teen-centric programs. Through a review of literature and theory in youth studies, Crabbe demonstrates how historical and Progressive Era framing of young people persists and impacts art museum education programs for young people today. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the correlation between religiosity and alcohol use among adolescents with orofacial clefts. Methods: Cross-sectional study, developed in a Brazilian public and tertiary hospital, between December 2021 and March 2022. Data collection was hybrid, and three instruments were used: Sociodemographic Questionnaire, Durel Religiosity Scale, and the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test. For statistical analysis, the following tests were used: χ2, Fisher’s Exact, Mann-Whitney and Spearman’s Correlation Coefficient, in addition to analyses of linear correlation strength and bivariate logistic regression. The significance level adopted for all tests was 5% (p≤0.05). Results: 370 adolescents participated, with a mean age of 15.2 years (±1.8). Among them, 23 (5.4%) used alcohol riskly or harmfully, being more frequent among male adolescents (p=0.001), those of mixed race (p=0.046), attending high school (p=0.011), with no religion (p

BackgroundLatina adolescents in the USA report some of the lowest rates of physical activity of any demographic subgroup; this is paralleled by a markedly higher lifetime risk of obesity, type 2 diabetes, and other conditions related to inactivity. Despite this, to date, no fully powered clinical trials have tested physical activity interventions specifically for this population. High use of mobile technologies (including text messages, smartphone apps, and social media) suggests this could be an appropriate intervention channel, while also having potential for broad reach. This paper describes the protocol for Chicas Fuertes, a fully powered randomized trial of a mobile technology-based physical activity intervention for Latina adolescents.MethodsWe plan to recruit 200 Latina teens (age 13-18) in San Diego, CA, currently engaging in ≤ 150 min/week of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) to be assigned 1:1 to the intervention or control groups. Those randomly assigned to the intervention group receive a one-on-one goal setting session followed by 6 months of mobile technology-based intervention, including a personalized website, Fitbit activity tracker and app, individually tailored text messages based on Fitbit data, and daily intervention content on Instagram. Those randomized to the control group receive only a Fitbit activity tracker. The main outcome is change in weekly minutes of MVPA from baseline to 6 months, measured both objectively (ActiGraph accelerometers and Fitbit Inspire HR) and subjectively (7-Day Physical Activity Recall Interview). Additional outcomes are maintenance of activity change at 12 months and changes in psychosocial constructs, including social support and self-efficacy, engagement with mobile technology channels, and costs of intervention delivery. We are also examining the potential mediators and moderators of the intervention. The efficacy of the intervention is analyzed using a mixed effects regression model, adjusting for any potential confounders not balanced by randomization. All analyses of accelerometer measured MVPA are also adjusted for wear time.DiscussionThe Chicas Fuertes trial uses widely available mobile technologies to target critical health behavior, physical activity, in Latina teens, a population with a high lifetime risk of lifestyle-related diseases. The results will speak to the efficacy and acceptability of the intervention, which has the potential for broad dissemination.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT04190225 . Registered on November 20, 2019.

Many adolescents experience severe pain during menstruation, yet their attempts to receive medical attention to alleviate or manage this pain are often met with dismissal or disbelief. In light of these barriers to care, many adolescents turn to social media to share their experiences with menstruation and pain, as well as hear from other members of their community. In this study, we investigated how adolescents present their experiences with menstruation in vlogs (or "video blogs"). Using critical qualitative methods and a four-column analysis structure, we transcribed and thematically analyzed the audio and video content of 17 YouTube vlogs wherein adolescents described their experiences with menstrual pain. We found that stylistically, the vloggers modulated between a polished documentary style and an intimate storytime style of video production. We additionally found that vloggers spoke about their menstrual pain experiences from three perspectives: as a Patient managing and diagnosing physical symptoms, as a Self considering how the pain affects their life and ambitions, and as a Teacher educating their audience. Considering both the visual and audio data, we discuss how healthcare providers can use these findings to inform their approach to discussing menstrual pain with adolescents. We further discuss possible future directions for research into health story sharing on social media. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Adolescent mental well-being is a concern for health care specialists as the prevalence of mental health issues appears to peak in this age group. Aim Our aim was to determine the level of mental well-being among adolescents. Methods The study was conducted using the descriptive survey approach among 720 adolescents of 16 to 17 years. Baseline proforma and the Warwick–Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale were the tools used to collect the data. Results Almost three-fourth of adolescents had good mental well-being, whereas 2.08% experienced poor mental well-being. The chi-square test showed a significant association between mental well-being and selected demographic variables such as stream under study (p = 0.001), type of family (p = 0.006), area of residence (p = 0.001), educational status of the father (p = 0.011), and occupational status of the father (p = 0.001). Conclusion Appropriate interventions by health care professionals are needed to focus on submerged risky behaviors and obstacles to promote mental well-being among adolescents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Youth Research is the property of Genclik & Spor Bakanligi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Using The Craft (Andrew Fleming, 1996) as an example from the teen cinema genre, this research seeks to examine what topics and discussions emerge when film is used as a specifically discursive rather than analytical tool. Using ethnographic methods - shared viewing, data collection, questionnaire, discussion and observation - and working with teen girls from Northern Ireland, this research explores film viewing preferences and responses to a particular type of cinema, and to a particular film. It engages directly with teen viewers to examine the relationships between those who are expected to view these films and the films themselves. This material offers fascinating insights not simply into teen responses to cinema, but how participants are engaging with the onscreen material and putting it to use. Through these findings, distinct trends emerge about film taste, as well as individual responses which strongly articulate a deeper, personal engagement with film and with the representations which are on offer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Healthy sleep is crucial for the physical and mental wellbeing of adolescents. However, many adolescents suffer from poor sleep health. Little is known about how to effectively improve adolescent sleep health as it is shaped by a complex adaptive system of many interacting factors. This study aims to provide insights into the system dynamics underlying adolescent sleep health and to identify impactful leverage points for sleep health promotion interventions. Methods: Three rounds of single-actor workshops, applying Group Model Building techniques, were held with adolescents (n = 23, 12–15 years), parents (n = 14) and relevant professionals (n = 26). The workshops resulted in a multi-actor Causal Loop Diagram (CLD) visualizing the system dynamics underlying adolescent sleep health. This CLD was supplemented with evidence from the literature. Subsystems, feedback loops and underlying causal mechanisms were identified to understand overarching system dynamics. Potential leverage points for action were identified applying the Action Scales Model (ASM). Results: The resulting CLD comprised six subsystems around the following themes: (1) School environment; (2) Mental wellbeing; (3) Digital environment; (4) Family & Home environment; (5) Health behaviors & Leisure activities; (6) Personal system. Within and between these subsystems, 16 reinforcing and 7 balancing feedback loops were identified. Approximately 60 potential leverage points on different levels of the system were identified as well. Conclusions: The multi-actor CLD and identified system dynamics illustrate the complexity of adolescent sleep health and supports the need for developing a coherent package of activities targeting different leverage points at all system levels to induce system change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article takes a qualitative approach to examine the role of fake news in shaping adolescent's participation in news. Instead of experimental approaches that are common with similar research, the current study expands our understanding of teenagers' engagement with news on social media using focus groups, interviews in addition to reviewing research reports by the Norwegian Media Authority. The study found that fake news is positively related to teens' engagement with news. Contrary to reports that younger audiences have weak ties with news brands, this study shows that teens in Norway are led back to mainstream media to corroborate and fact-check news. This negates my initial assumption that fake news was bad because teens' perspectives show fake news as positively triggering discussions around news encountered on social media. Teens engage with fake news for verification, which drives them off social media toward conventional media. This is good for news and for journalism [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Teen courts are one branch of a specialized, "alternative" justice system that promises a pathway out of the criminal justice system. Teen courts center teens as both defendants and arbiters of justice, which attempts to turn the traditional juvenile justice system on its head. Yet, these purportedly alternative justice initiatives are inextricably tied to and shaped by youths' carceral habitus, their philosophies of justice, and social inequality. Using observational and interview data, we analyze two teen courts in the eastern United States to understand the philosophies of justice at play in these settings and the outcomes yielded in practice. Our analysis indicates that while these courts have some promising aspects, they also suffer from detriments similar to those in traditional court systems. We find that teen courts vary in punitiveness, struggle to provide rehabilitation or restorative justice, and reproduce and institutionalize racial and socioeconomic inequalities. This reality impacts youths' lives in tangible ways, including the long-lasting mark of their criminal record, their normalization of hyper-punitiveness, and leads to the reproduction of social inequality. From our findings, we offer recommendations to reduce the criminalization of youth in schools and communities and urge a transformation from punishment-oriented courts toward opportunity-oriented programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Many believe that any social media harms kids because of frequent use. This study aims to examine these assumptions. It proposes and tests a model that considers two alternative pathways – one negative and one positive – through which social media affects teens' self-reported subjective well-being. Design/methodology/approach: This research used Preacher and Hayes process modeling to conduct path analysis on data collected on 585 teenagers from across the USA. Findings: Results showed that along a negative pathway, frequent social media use leads to greater risky social media engagement that ultimately diminishes adolescent's sense of well-being. Also, and perhaps simultaneously, frequent social media use leads to socially-connected social media use that enhances adolescent's sense of well-being. Practical implications: The research recommends ways parents, policymakers and platforms can encourage teens to use social media to connect with friends while guiding them away from pathways exposing them to risky behaviors. Originality/value: Findings show more social media use is not necessarily harmful, but more of some types is bad, while more of others is good. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Zeitschrift für Herz-, Thorax- und Gefaesschirurgie is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In recent years, increased attention has been paid to possible linkages between youth digital media use and well-being. Greater scrutiny is certainly warranted, given how much time teens spend with technology and the escalating number of teens who struggle with their mental health. However, a negative frame has shaped much of the public discourse about the relationship teens share with technology. News media in particular have tended to vilify digital media as the central contributor to youth problems, amplifying adult fears and disregarding youth agency in the process. In this commentary, we argue that alternate media narratives are possible and more likely to be productive. Showcasing examples from popular fictional streaming programs Euphoria and Ginny & Georgia, we highlight how complicated, nuanced representations of teens' digital media interactions can more realistically and poignantly address the contemporary moment. We conclude by challenging scholars to consider how they can engage with media storytellers, particularly journalists, in an effort to shape a public discourse about youth and digital media that is more accurate, meaningful, and productive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Self-esteem is a self-assessment carried out by oneself. The assessment reflects an attitude of acceptance and rejection and shows how far an individual believes he or she is capable, important, successful and valuable. The purpose of this study is to describe the picture of self-esteem in late adolescent girls who are victims of bullying. The research method uses a qualitative approach with descriptive analysis methods with in-depth interview techniques and non-participant observation. The results of the study found that bullying negatively impacts adolescent self-esteem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Adolescents can be especially vulnerable to various stressors as they are still in their formative years and transitioning into adulthood. Hence, it is important for them to have effective stress management strategies. Objective: This systematic review investigates current well-being interventions that are aimed at reducing stress among young adults. In particular, interventions using the medium of virtual reality (VR) are explored. Methods: This mixed methods systematic review follows the PRISMA-P (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Protocols) guidelines, and papers were gathered from databases such as PsycINFO, PubMed, Science Direct, Web of Science, OpenGrey, and Edutopia. Predetermined criteria and specific keywords were used to search for the papers. Search results were screened and extracted with all article screening or extraction delegated among all authors. Any disagreements after reconciliation were settled by a third author. The quality and risk of bias of included studies were assessed using the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation) Tool for Quantitative Studies. Studies were analyzed qualitatively. Results: In total, 20 studies were included, and qualitative analysis was performed to evaluate the effectiveness of VR-based interventions in 3 domains: nature, stress, and academics. Conclusions: Studies using VR interventions, overall, promoted a reduction in stress and an increase in well-being. The findings suggest that VR may serve as an accessible and affordable medium of stress reduction for students and young adults. Larger sample sizes, and a greater number of included studies, may be required in future directions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Hellenic Journal of Research in Education / Ereuna Stīn Ekpaideusī is the property of Laboratory of Research in Pedagogy & Educational Practices and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study aimed to investigate the changes in self-esteem levels among Chinese adolescents from 1996 to 2019. In this cross-sectional historical study, 109 articles using the Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale (SES) were selected from three Chinese and five English databases. The results showed that: (1) The self-esteem level of Chinese adolescents was positively correlated with the period, indicating that the self-esteem of Chinese adolescents was gradually increasing. (2) The increase in self-esteem level of girls was higher than that of boys. (3) The increase in the self-esteem level of only child was higher than that of non-only child. (4) The self-esteem level of rural adolescents increased year by year. However, the self-esteem level of urban adolescents was not significantly correlated with the years. (5) The changes in macro social factors can significantly predict the upward trend of the self-esteem level of Chinese adolescents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Early marriage or child marriage in Indonesia is still quite a lot. In West Bandung Regency itself, this incident continues to increase. This community service aims to increase adolescent knowledge about reproductive health to reduce the number of early marriages. Twenty MTs students participated in this community service program. This program provided education, training in presentation techniques and practice with tutors, teaching materials, and creating WhatsApp online groups. Knowledge improvement was carried out using pre- and post-program questionnaires, then statistically analyzed. The pre-test and post-test results showed that the average pre-test scores of students in grades 7, 8, and 9 were 14.2, 13.2, and 11.1, while the post-test scores were 15.8, 14.5, and 14.8. This result indicates a change in the value of the pre-test and post-test by 11.5%, 10.9%, and 24. 2%. In the post-test results, it was found that there was a decrease in the number of students who entered the less category compared to the pre-test. The pre-test and post-test scores in grades 7 and 8 showed no significant difference. In contrast, in grade 9, there was a significant difference with a p-value of 0.002 (p<0.05). The test results show no significant difference in the knowledge scores between the three classes. Service partners, in this case, MTs students, are expected to be able to become peer educators who can provide education about reproductive health for their peers so that later it is hoped that the number of early marriages in West Bandung Regency can decrease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Boredom is the phenomenon most adolescent students have been struggling with, especially during the pandemic; they were regularly mandated to stay in a new normal way. This research aimed to study the life experience of boredom towards online activities leading to dysfunctional behaviours of teens, to survey the preference for online learning methods of Thai adolescent students, and to create a virtual reality classroom for English writing classes. The first study, transcendental phenomenology, included ten teens between 13 and 18 years old selected by purposive sampling. In study, 285 Thai teens were recruited to answer the questionnaire, and the last phase included five experts to discuss the strategies for creating a VR classroom. The research findings indicated that most adolescent students experiencing boredom with online activities defined "boredom" in two ways: blackout and refuelling. The experiences of boredom during COVID-19 led to dysfunctional behaviours such as cheating, aggression, and procrastination. The essence appeared to be two conterminous elements: boredom towards "contents" and "forms". The survey research findings indicated that almost 50% of the respondents preferred online learning in the form of virtual reality. The researcher, hence, created a four-station-learning VR classroom for English writing class, considering four elements: contents and learning activities, environmental design, multimedia invention, and online platform. All discoveries can be applied to many fields, such as behavioural science, psychology, education, and science and technology, to ignite the idea and enhance online learning to become more motivating and reduce adolescent students' boredom. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article aims to describe the role of digital technology in overcoming game addiction in post-covid-19. One of the problems that has received widespread attention from society is online game addiction. Teenagers are one of the largest age groups who experience game addiction. The aspects that impact online game addiction are life aspects, health aspects, psychological aspects, academic aspects, financial aspects, and social aspects. The purpose of the study is to examine alternatives to prevent online game addiction in adolescents in the midst of the Covid-19 pandemic by using digital technology in the form of digital literacy. This problem utilizes a qualitative approach using the questionnaire method. In this process, the role of digital technology has become an alternative to prevent addiction to playing games. Many of the researchers focus more on educating about game addiction, but forget the facts about efforts to prevent online games. The results of this study explain that the role of digital technology can overcome game addiction. The conclusion of the research results on the role of digital technology in overcoming game addiction in post covid-19 is that it can help efforts in overcoming game addiction by using digital technology parameters. The limitation of this research is that researchers only conduct research in post covid-19, and the time used is also limited to conduct research, researchers hope that future researchers can take greater action than the current research using better methods or technology and a larger scope. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Latar Belakang: Indonesia memiliki pasukan pengibar bendera pada kegiatan upacara kemerdekaan yang dikenal sebagai Paskibraka. Status gizi baik merupakan salah satu syarat yang harus dipenuhi untuk menjadi Paskibraka. Tingkat konsumsi makan dan aktivitas fisik menjadi faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap status gizi. Tujuan: Kajian ini bertujuan untuk melihat korelasi tingkat konsumsi makan dan aktivitas fisik terhadap status gizi anggota ekstrakurikuler Paskibraka SMAN 1 Bangkalan, Indonesia. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian kuantitatif korelasional menggunakan pendekatan cross-sectional. Metode total sampling mengambil sampel sebanyak 56 siswa ekstrakurikuler Paskibraka, berusia 15-16 tahun. Variabel bebas penelitian meliputi tingkat konsumsi makan dan aktivitas fisik, variabel terikatnya yaitu status gizi. Instrumen yang digunakan yaitu kuesioner identitas responden, kuesioner SQ-FFQ (Semi Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire) dan kuesioner GPAQ (Global Physical Activity Questionnaire. Data dianalisis menggunakan korelasi Rank Spearman. Hasil: Tingkat konsumsi makan siswa normal (energi=76,8%, protein=58,9%, lemak=73,21%, karbohidrat=69,64%) dengan 75% sampel memiliki aktivitas fisik sedang dan 89,29% sampel memiliki status gizi baik. Tingkat konsumsi makan (energi p=0.011, lemak p=0.024 dan karbohidrat p=0.003) memiliki korelasi terhadap status gizi, tetapi tingkat konsumsi protein (p=0.141) dan aktivitas fisik (p=0.626) tidak memiliki korelasi terhadap status gizi siswa. Kesimpulan: Tingkat konsumsi makan (energi, lemak dan karbohidrat) memiliki korelasi terhadap status gizi, tetapi tingkat konsumsi protein dan aktivitas fisik tidak. Penting bagi seorang siswa ekstrakurikuler Paskibraka untuk selalu memperhatikan tingkat konsumsi makan dan aktivitas fisik disetiap harinya agar memiliki status gizi yang baik.

BACKGROUND: The developing fetus requires adequate iron and produces its own hormones to regulate this process. Erythroferrone (ERFE) is a recently identified iron regulatory hormone, and normative data on ERFE concentrations and relations between iron status and other iron regulatory hormones at birth are needed. OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to characterize cord ERFE concentrations at birth and assess interrelations between ERFE, iron regulatory hormones, and iron status biomarkers in 2 cohorts of newborns at higher risk of neonatal anemia. METHODS: Umbilical cord ERFE concentrations were measured in extant serum samples collected from neonates born to women carrying multiples (age: 21-43 y; n = 127) or teens (age: 14-19 y; n = 164). Relations between cord blood ERFE and other markers of iron status or erythropoiesis in cord blood were assessed by linear regression and mediation analysis. RESULTS: Cord ERFE was detectable in all newborns delivered between 30 and 42 weeks of gestation, and mean concentration at birth was 0.73 ng/mL (95% CI: 0.63, 0.85 ng/mL). Cord ERFE was on average 0.25 ng/mL lower in newborns of black as opposed to white ancestry (P = 0.04). Cord ERFE was significantly associated with transferrin receptor (β: 1.17, P 25% of variance explained). CONCLUSIONS: Neonates born to teens and women carrying multiples were able to produce ERFE in response to neonatal cord iron status and erythropoietic demand. ERFE, however, did not capture significant variance in newborn iron or Hb concentrations. In these newborns, cord hepcidin and the hepcidin:EPO ratio explained the most variance in iron status indicators at birth.

Teens with intellectual disabilities experience disenfranchised grief, as they are often excluded from death education and rituals. Such exclusion can impact opportunities to understand the concepts of death and process the loss. This paper examines the psychometric properties of the limited existing tools designed to measure the understanding of concepts of death in parentally bereaved teens with intellectual disabilities (ID) who are included in after-death rituals as compared to those not included. A literature search uncovered no tools for the concept of death understanding for teens with ID, but four related tools were examined due to their potential proximal applicability. Though further development would be needed, the EsCoMu Scale and the Concept of Death Questionnaire showed the most potential use for this population. Further research is needed to develop a tool specific to teens with ID that takes into account the developmental, cognitive, and social aspects of their grieving experiences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: One of the factors affecting adolescent aggression is the use of violent computer games. Computer games as a social phenomenon, along with other audio and video media in today's world, are the main audiences of children and adolescents because of their stunning growth and attraction, but the question is whether computer games, especially the type Their violent and combat effects have harmful effects on children and adolescents or have been magnified. Therefore, this study was aimed at determining the impact of using computer games on aggression in adolescents. Methods: In this descriptive study, the first high school male students were selected by 100 people by random clustered. The method of gathering field information and the data collection tool was the aggressive and fairy questionnaire. The confidence level of these tests was 95%. The analysis was performed by the 23 SPSS statistical software. Results: The average age of students was 0/82 and 13/82 years old and most interest in fighting and violent games. The results showed that there was a significant difference between aggression and students' grade point average (p=0/013), the Anova statistical test found that the relationship between the aggression questionnaire score and the type of games and the birth rate of the meaning is significant. The highest frequency of games was reported in rough fighting games with 45 abundance and the lowest in the creative computer game with 15 abundance. Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that the most popular game as well as the highest rate of adolescent aggression in relation to combat games and the lowest aggression in the creative intellectual game group. Students and adolescents with average academic status had the most aggressive impact on computer games. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores different approaches to the study of audiovisual metaphor: the semiotic and linguistic perspectives and the transition from the semantic to the pragmatic one, which has seen the convergence between film studies and Cognitive Metaphor Theory (CMT). Starting from this scenario, a specific case study will be proposed: the serial fiction Stranger things (Netflix, 2016). The series works on the encyclopedic stratification of one of the most consolidated metaphorical relationships in the repertoire of the genre, especially since the 1980s: the (reciprocal) substitution between the semantic plane of adolescence and that of otherness and the supernatural verging on horror. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The Republic of Indonesia has a flag-hoisting team at the independence ceremony known as Paskibraka. Good nutritional status is one of the conditions for becoming a Paskibraka. Food consumption level and physical activity are factors that affect nutritional status. Objectives: This research aimed to determine the relationship between food consumption level and physical activity towards the nutritional status of students taking Paskibraka Extracurricular at SMAN 1 Bangkalan. Methods: This research used quantitative correlational research using a crosssectional approach. The total sampling method was used to select 56 samples from students joining Paskibraka extracurriculars aged 15-16. While the independent variables included food consumption levels and physical activity, the dependent variable was nutritional status. The instruments were the respondent identity questionnaire, SQ-FFQ (Semiquantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire), and GPAQ (Global Physical Activity Questionnaire). The data were analyzed using Spearman's rank correlation. Results: This research found that students' food consumption levels were normal (energy=76.8%, protein=58.9%, fat=73.21%, carbohydrates=69.64%). It also revealed that 75% had moderate physical activity and 89.29% had good nutritional status. Food consumption levels (energy p=0.011, fat p=0.024, and carbohydrates p=0.003) correlated with nutritional status, but protein consumption levels (p=0.141) and physical activity (p=0.626) did not correlate with it. Conclusions: Food consumption levels (energy, fats, and carbohydrates) correlated with nutritional status, but protein consumption and physical activity did not. A Paskibraka extracurricular student must pay attention to their daily food consumption and physical activity to have a good nutritional status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Coeliac disease (CeD), a common autoimmune condition, requires strict adherence to a gluten‐free diet (GFD). Adherence to the GFD has been associated with quality of life (QOL). However, there may be other diet‐related concerns, such as overall diet patterns, including diet quality or ultra‐processed food (UPF) consumption, possibly associated with QOL among people with CeD following a GFD that have not been examined. Methods: Diet quality was determined based on 24‐h diet recalls of a cross‐sectional prospectively recruited sample of 80 participants (50 adults and 30 teens) with biopsy‐confirmed CeD ('Study Sample') using the Healthy Eating Index and Alternate Mediterranean Diet score. The amount of UPF consumed was assessed using Nova, a food processing classification system. QOL was measured using Celiac Disease‐Specific Quality of Life (CDQOL) and Celiac Disease Pediatric‐Specific Quality of Life (CDPQOL). The Study Sample's diet patterns were compared with National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) groups (25 adults reporting prior CeD and GFD; 51 adults with new CeD and no GFD; 15,777 adults and 2296 teens without CeD). The relationship of the Study Sample's diet patterns with CDQOL/CDPQOL was assessed using analysis of covariance. Results: The Study Sample's diet patterns were suboptimal but generally favourable compared with all NHANES groups. Compared to Study Adults with the highest tertile of UPF, those with the lowest tertile had significantly higher CDQOL (mean: 67.6 vs. 78.3, p < 0.001). Compared to Study Teens with the lowest tertile of AMED, those with the highest tertile had significantly higher CDPQOL (mean: 67.0 vs. 79.9, p < 0.01). Conclusions: Maintaining high diet quality and minimising UPF may be important for CeD‐specific QOL among individuals with CeD maintaining a GFD. Key points: In a sample with coeliac disease, diet quality was moderately high, with concerning amounts of ultra‐processed foods (UPFs).They consumed higher‐quality diets and less UPFs than the representative population.Higher quality of life was associated with a higher diet quality and less UPF consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this pilot study was to examine Home Safety Hero an innovative serious game simulation designed to train parents on home safety risks and how to resolve those risks. The aim of this research was to compare whether the reaction times for multiple plays of Home Safety Hero would improve identification, with or without distraction, and resolution of hazards would improve when compared to single play. Participants were 19 parenting teens (Mage = 17.66 years, SDage = 0.80 years; 100% female) who completed questionnaires on their demographics, frequency of game use, and their engagement with the game simulation and content. Teens were divided into two groups, one (n = 8) that played the game once and the second (n = 11) that played the game four times over a one-week period. Engagement data indicated no differences between the group of teens, suggesting that they found the game engaging even if they played it multiple times. Teens were faster at spotting risks in the home and were quicker at acting when encountering risks after playing the game four times when compared to teens in the single play group. Home Safety Hero shows promise for promoting home safety knowledge and resolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of the present study was to compare the hormonal difference (cortisol) between the sexes, swimming specialties and performance of adolescent swimmers, to verify the existence of the relationship between cortisol and cognitive aspects, among 35 swimmers with an average age of 15.41 ± 0.51 years, evaluated during the Brazilian Youth Swimming Championship. In addition, questionnaires, Competitive State Anxiety (CSAI-2) and sociodemographic characterization were used. Together, salivary collections were performed. Female swimmers had higher cognitive anxiety (22.28 ± 5.16) vs male (16.84 ± 6.15, p = 0.012). female (19.14 ± 5.43) vs male (15.15 ± 2.40, p = 0.008) somatic anxiety. Sprinters had higher somatic anxiety (18.43 ± 4.80) than middle and long distance swimmers vs middle and long distance swimmers (15.35 ± 3.46, p = 0.042). Low-performance swimmers had greater cognitive anxiety (21.80 ± 6.42) than high-performance swimmers (17.55 ± 5.07, p = 0.049). Sprinters exhibited higher pre-competition cortisol levels (0.41 ± 0.12). Male swimmers showed negative relationships between cognitive anxiety and self-confidence (r = -0.56; p = 0.001), somatic anxiety (r = -0.45; p = 0.001), as well as middle and long-distance swimmers (r = -0.52, p = 0.001) and high performance swimmers (r = -0.78, p = 0.001). Likewise, a psychophysiological relationship was found in low performance athletes between somatic anxiety and pre-competition cortisol. (r = -0.50; p = 0.002). Therefore, coaches and others involved in the preparation of these athletes can use the biological measurement of salivary cortisol as a anxiety marker and sports performance in young swimmers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Navigating the family court setting to protect teen mental health, meet teens' mental health needs, and promote resilience and coping skills is challenging. We have tools that can help us meet that challenge. That toolkit includes: expanding who is involved in the work to develop a parenting plan or treatment plan; not reducing the case to a one‐dimensional fact pattern; restructuring family court proceedings for ongoing problem‐solving, providing protections for the teen's privacy; using consensual dispute resolution and adjudication on parallel tracks; and educating the decision makers through expert declarations and Brandeis briefs (even at the trial court level). Key points for the family court community: Be mindful that whoever does not participate in the work to develop a parenting plan or a treatment plan is likely to blow it up.Do not reduce the case to a single story or dominant fact pattern.Restructure family law proceedings for ongoing problem‐solving.Provide a confidential setting that protects the child's privacy.Use consensual dispute resolution and adjudication in parallel rather than sequentially.Educate the decision makers through expert declarations and Brandeis briefs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The author details how the increase of mental health diagnoses in teenagers have impacted role her role as a guardian ad litem (GAL) in Virginia. Topics include the standards that GAL must adhere in their representation and protection of the child's best interests, key questions that guide and inform her GAL work with teenagers such as effective communication with a teenager with serious mental health problem, and situations that she tries to avoid.