Search

Background/Objectives: The increasing popularity of acute supplementation among young athletes is concerning, given the limited scientific evidence to guide recommendations specific to this group. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review was to synthesize the available scientific evidence on the acute effects of supplementation in young athletes to understand the impact on physical and cognitive performance. Methods: Following pre-registration on INPLASY (INPLASY202310017) and according to the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines, systematic searches of three electronic databases (Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus) were conducted by independent researchers from inception until July 2024. Only original studies in English that examined the acute effects of supplementation on young athletes' physical and/or cognitive performance, specifically when taken on the same day as exercise (before or during), were included. The risk of bias was individually assessed for each study using the revised Cochrane risk of bias tool for randomized trials (RoB 2.0). Results: A total of 16 studies were included in the review. A range of ages, participants, sports, and methodological approaches were involved in the studies included in the current review. The studies mainly used carbohydrates, beetroot juice, and sodium citrate, with carbohydrates being the most used acute supplementation. Carbohydrate supplementation enhanced endurance capacity and increased blood glucose, but mixed results were found for anaerobic performance. Mixed results were found for beetroot juice, with one study finding increases in power production. One study used sodium citrate supplementation, with improvements in technical performance observed. Conclusions: Since this review identified only three substances meeting our eligibility criteria, further research is needed to confirm the acute effects of supplements in young athletes and to better understand their benefits and limitations. Carbohydrate supplementation shows strong evidence for enhancing endurance performance, particularly during prolonged activities, while sodium citrate appears to support the preservation of skill performance. In contrast, the effects of beetroot juice are less consistent. Additional research is required to confirm the acute effects of supplements like beetroot juice in young athletes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The SPARX team responded to the scarcity of training available to school staff concerning dating violence prevention by developing an innovative asynchronous online training program as one facet of their broader initiative. This mixed-methods study aimed to fill the existing gap in the literature regarding the factors influencing the transfer of learning, with two primary objectives. First, it sought to investigate how transfer culture and perceived social support from colleagues and school principals influenced school staff's intention to transfer learning post-online training. Second, it aimed to uncover the barriers and facilitators associated with learning transfer six months post-training. Engaging 101 school staff members, the research utilized an online questionnaire to evaluate their intentions to transfer learning from the SPARX program's School Staff component. Regression analysis was used to identify variables predicting intention to transfer, complemented by a qualitative multiple-case study approach focusing on the experiences of a teacher, school counsellor, and school administrator. Findings highlighted that perceived support from colleagues and opportunities to implement new skills significantly predicted a greater intention to transfer learning. In contrast, mutual support for collective learning predicted a lower intention to transfer. Key barriers included perceptions of sole responsibility for implementation and resource constraints, whereas facilitators encompassed access to human, financial, and material resources. Results underscore the pivotal role of environmental factors in promoting learning transfer within school settings, emphasizing the importance of perceived support from colleagues and advocating for a transfer culture characterized by delegated responsibilities, turnkey activities, and dedicated time for learning transfer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Avances en Odontoestomatologia is the property of Ediciones Avances SL and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: School-based health centers (SBHCs) are an evidence-based model for providing contraceptives to adolescents. SBHCs ability to provide reproductive health services is often limited by school district policies, state laws, and health center policies. Methods: We used data from the Teens Exploring and Managing Prevention (TEMPO) study to document demographic characteristics and birth control methods among patients at four SBHCs in New Mexico. A total of 264 teens were included in the baseline data collection at SBHCs in New Mexico. A baseline survey was administered via iPad, that specifically focused on questions related to sexual experiences and sexual health topics. Baseline questions included demographic questions, gender identity, sexual orientation, reasons for visits, reproductive practices, and birth control methods. Descriptive statistics were calculated, including means and standard deviations for continuous variables and categorical frequencies. Results: Our findings present reproductive health behaviors among New Mexican patients attending schools with SBHCs. More than 74% of respondents were Hispanic or Latino. The most common reason teens went to the SBHC was for birth control, and just 62% of teens reported using birth control methods in the past. Discussion: These behaviors are essential for policymakers to consider as they address policy gaps, the complex landscape of parental permission, reproductive rights, and health as a human right. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Celebrity teenage girls are routinely sexualized in the media, but it is unclear whether these depictions are tolerable because it is relatively more socially acceptable to exploit celebrities. This study presents the results of an experiment comparing readers' (N = 237) responses to two nearly identical versions of a fashion article sexualizing a teen girl identified as either a celebrity or non-celebrity. Even though participants in both conditions correctly identified the teen as being a minor, they deemed the article that sexualized a non-celebrity as being more inappropriate than the same article sexualizing a celebrity. However, perceptions of fame did not mediate this effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

IntroductionSchool-based health centers (SBHCs) are an evidence-based model for providing contraceptives to adolescents. SBHCs ability to provide reproductive health services is often limited by school district policies, state laws, and health center policies.MethodsWe used data from the Teens Exploring and Managing Prevention (TEMPO) study to document demographic characteristics and birth control methods among patients at four SBHCs in New Mexico. A total of 264 teens were included in the baseline data collection at SBHCs in New Mexico. A baseline survey was administered via iPad, that specifically focused on questions related to sexual experiences and sexual health topics. Baseline questions included demographic questions, gender identity, sexual orientation, reasons for visits, reproductive practices, and birth control methods. Descriptive statistics were calculated, including means and standard deviations for continuous variables and categorical frequencies.ResultsOur findings present reproductive health behaviors among New Mexican patients attending schools with SBHCs. More than 74% of respondents were Hispanic or Latino. The most common reason teens went to the SBHC was for birth control, and just 62% of teens reported using birth control methods in the past.DiscussionThese behaviors are essential for policymakers to consider as they address policy gaps, the complex landscape of parental permission, reproductive rights, and health as a human right.

Suicide is "any self-destructive behaviour that has an intent to seriously damage oneself or cause death". It is the second leading cause of death among adolescents. India reported the highest suicide rate in 2021 with 12 suicides for every 100,000 population. Furthermore, this trend, according to Indian National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB) has risen at the rate of 6.2% compared to the year 2020. The interaction between multiple factors like biological, psychological, socio cultural, and family-like factors can cause contribute to suicide in teens. The increase in suicide rates among females could be attributed to gender specific stressors, violence, and discrimination. The rise in male suicide rates could be attributed to financial strain, academic pressure, and substance abuse.

Teenage pregnancy is a true public health problem, where biological, psychological and social aspects intervene, which actively involve the family, the community environment and society. The objective of the research is to analyze the challenges, challenges and opportunities that family counseling has for the prevention of unwanted teenage pregnancy, based on the selection and review of bibliographic sources. This is a documentary investigation located in the interpretive paradigm with a qualitative approach, starting from the search, compilation and review of bibliographic sources recovered from open access databases such as Dialnet, Scielo, Scopus and Latindex in English and Spanish of the last five years. It was possible to analyze the challenges, challenges and opportunities that family counseling has as an active process for the prevention of unwanted teenage pregnancy, which stimulates the capacity of adolescents, preserving biopsychosocial aspects from the projection of their own development in the construction of a life project according to your needs, interests and abilities. The emotional, social and economic support that the family has is decisive for adolescents to face various situations that involve beliefs, concerns and desires in sexual and reproductive health issues, along with the education and functional improvement that comprehensive family counseling can provide to overcome stages of the life cycle and crises of the adolescent family. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Seeing portrayals of tobacco and alcohol in music videos (MVs) may reduce perceived risks, increase susceptibility, and lead to the initiation of tobacco and alcohol use among adolescents and young adults. Previous studies have predominantly concentrated on assessing tobacco and alcohol contents in English-language MVs within Western countries. However, many other countries have not only been influenced by the English music market but have also produced music in their native languages, and this content remains underexamined. Objective: This study aims to investigate the prevalence of tobacco- and alcohol-related content in top Vietnamese MVs on YouTube from 2013 to 2021, to describe how tobacco and alcohol are portrayed in these MVs, and to examine associations between these portrayals and MV characteristics. Methods: A total of 410 Vietnamese MVs, including the top 40 or 50 most viewed released each year between 2013 and 2021, were analyzed. General information, such as the song name, its release date and ranking, age restriction, musical genre, and type of MV, was collected. We examined tobacco and alcohol content in the MVs, with specific details such as tobacco types, their brands, as well as the number, age, sex, and roles of individuals smoking or drinking. Results: Among the 410 MVs, 36 (8.8%) contained tobacco-related content and 136 (33.2%) featured alcohol-related content. Additionally, 28 (6.8%) out of 410 MVs included both tobacco and alcohol content. The prevalence of videos with tobacco and alcohol content fluctuated over the years. In MVs with tobacco-related content, a higher proportion of hip-hop or rap songs contained tobacco-related content (n=6, 30%) compared to other music genres. In MVs with tobacco-related content, cigarettes were the most frequently shown product (n=28, 77.8%), and smoking scenes were often depicted at parties (n=13, 36.1%) and during dancing and singing scenes (n=12, 33.3%). Among the 31 MVs portraying actual tobacco use, tobacco use was typically depicted with 1 person, often a young adult male, while 38.7% (n=12) showed singer(s) smoking. For MVs with alcohol-related content, there was a high proportion showing alcohol images at parties, bars, or pubs (n=96, 70.6%). Among 87 MVs containing drinking scenes, 60.9% (n=53) involved groups of young adults of both sexes, and 64% (n=56) depicted singers drinking. Additionally, only 2 (5.6%) MVs included health warnings about tobacco harm, and 2 MVs (1.5%) included warnings about drinking restricted to individuals 18 years and above. Conclusions: The notable prevalence of tobacco and alcohol content in leading Vietnamese YouTube MVs raises concerns, especially as most of this content is portrayed without any warnings. The study underscores a regulatory gap in addressing such content on the internet, emphasizing the urgent need for stricter regulations and age restrictions on platforms such as YouTube. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Although adolescents report high levels of stress, they report engaging in few stress management techniques. Consequently, developing effective and targeted programs to help address this transdiagnostic risk factor in adolescence is particularly important. Most stress management programs for adolescents are delivered within schools, and the evidence for these programs is mixed, suggesting a need for alternative options for stress management among adolescents. Objective: The aim of the study is to test the short-term effects of a self-guided digital mental health intervention (DMHI) designed for adolescents on perceived stress and rumination (ie, brooding). Methods: This was a 12-week, 2-arm decentralized randomized controlled trial of adolescents aged 13 to 17 years who presented with elevated levels of perceived stress and brooding. Participants were randomly assigned to engage with a self-guided DMHI (Happify for Teens) or to a waitlist control. Participants assigned to the intervention group were given access to the program for 12 weeks. Happify for Teens consists of various evidence-based activities drawn from therapeutic modalities such as cognitive behavioral therapy, positive psychology, and mindfulness, which are then organized into several programs targeting specific areas of concern (eg, Stress Buster 101). Participants in the waitlist control received access to this product for 12 weeks upon completing the study. Participants in both groups completed measures of perceived stress, brooding, optimism, sleep disturbance, and loneliness at baseline, 4 weeks, 8 weeks, and 12 weeks. Changes in outcomes between the intervention and waitlist control groups were assessed using repeated-measures multilevel models. Results: Of the 303 participants included in data analyses, 132 were assigned to the intervention and 171 to the waitlist. There were significantly greater improvements in the intervention condition for perceived stress (intervention: B =–1.50; 95% CI –1.82 to –1.19; P <.001 and control: B =–0.09; 95% CI –0.44 to 0.26; P =.61), brooding (intervention: B =–0.84; 95% CI –1.00 to –0.68; P <.001 and control: B =–0.30; 95% CI –0.47 to –0.12; P =.001), and loneliness (intervention: B =–0.96; 95% CI –1.2 to –0.73; P <.001 and control: B =–0.38; 95% CI: –0.64 to –0.12; P =.005) over the 12-week study period. Changes in optimism and sleep disturbance were not significantly different across groups (P s≥.096). Conclusions: Happify for Teens was effective at reducing perceived stress, rumination, and loneliness among adolescents over 12 weeks when compared to a waitlist control group. Our data reveal the potential benefits of DMHIs for adolescents, which may present a more scalable, destigmatized, and cost-effective alternative to school-based programs. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04567888; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04567888 International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID): RR2-10.2196/25545 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Valid assessment tools are needed when investigating adherence to national dietary and lifestyle guidelines. Objective: The relative validity of the new digital food frequency questionnaire, the DIGIKOST-FFQ, against 7-day weighed food records and activity sensors was investigated. Methods: In total, 77 participants were included in the validation study and completed the DIGIKOST-FFQ and the weighed food record, and of these, 56 (73%) also used the activity sensors. The DIGIKOST-FFQ estimates the intake of foods according to the Norwegian food–based dietary guidelines (FBDGs) in addition to lifestyle factors. Results: At the group level, the DIGIKOST-FFQ showed good validity in estimating intakes according to the Norwegian FBDG. The median differences were small and well below portion sizes for all foods except "water" (median difference 230 g/day). The DIGIKOST-FFQ was able to rank individual intakes for all foods (r =0.2-0.7). However, ranking estimates of vegetable intakes should be interpreted with caution. Between 69% and 88% of the participants were classified into the same or adjacent quartile for foods and between 71% and 82% for different activity intensities. The Bland-Altman plots showed acceptable agreements between DIGIKOST-FFQ and the reference methods. The absolute amount of time in "moderate to vigorous intensity" was underestimated with the DIGIKOST-FFQ. However, estimated time in "moderate to vigorous intensity," "vigorous intensity," and "sedentary time" showed acceptable correlations and good agreement between the methods. The DIGIKOST-FFQ was able to identify adherence to the Norwegian FBDG and physical activity recommendations. Conclusions: The DIGIKOST-FFQ gave valid estimates of dietary intakes and was able to identify individuals with different degrees of adherence to the Norwegian FBDG and physical activity recommendations. Moderate physical activity was underreported, water was overreported, and vegetables showed poor correlation, which are important to consider when interpreting the data. Good agreement was observed between the methods in estimating dietary intakes and time in "moderate to vigorous physical activity," "sedentary time," and "sleep." [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Real-time surveillance of emerging infectious diseases necessitates a dynamically evolving, computable case definition, which frequently incorporates symptom-related criteria. For symptom detection, both population health monitoring platforms and research initiatives primarily depend on structured data extracted from electronic health records. Objective: This study sought to validate and test an artificial intelligence (AI)–based natural language processing (NLP) pipeline for detecting COVID-19 symptoms from physician notes in pediatric patients. We specifically study patients presenting to the emergency department (ED) who can be sentinel cases in an outbreak. Methods: Subjects in this retrospective cohort study are patients who are 21 years of age and younger, who presented to a pediatric ED at a large academic children's hospital between March 1, 2020, and May 31, 2022. The ED notes for all patients were processed with an NLP pipeline tuned to detect the mention of 11 COVID-19 symptoms based on Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) criteria. For a gold standard, 3 subject matter experts labeled 226 ED notes and had strong agreement (F 1-score=0.986; positive predictive value [PPV]=0.972; and sensitivity=1.0). F 1-score, PPV, and sensitivity were used to compare the performance of both NLP and the International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (ICD-10) coding to the gold standard chart review. As a formative use case, variations in symptom patterns were measured across SARS-CoV-2 variant eras. Results: There were 85,678 ED encounters during the study period, including 4% (n=3420) with patients with COVID-19. NLP was more accurate at identifying encounters with patients that had any of the COVID-19 symptoms (F 1-score=0.796) than ICD-10 codes (F 1-score =0.451). NLP accuracy was higher for positive symptoms (sensitivity=0.930) than ICD-10 (sensitivity=0.300). However, ICD-10 accuracy was higher for negative symptoms (specificity=0.994) than NLP (specificity=0.917). Congestion or runny nose showed the highest accuracy difference (NLP: F 1-score=0.828 and ICD-10: F 1-score=0.042). For encounters with patients with COVID-19, prevalence estimates of each NLP symptom differed across variant eras. Patients with COVID-19 were more likely to have each NLP symptom detected than patients without this disease. Effect sizes (odds ratios) varied across pandemic eras. Conclusions: This study establishes the value of AI-based NLP as a highly effective tool for real-time COVID-19 symptom detection in pediatric patients, outperforming traditional ICD-10 methods. It also reveals the evolving nature of symptom prevalence across different virus variants, underscoring the need for dynamic, technology-driven approaches in infectious disease surveillance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractOur objective was to develop a series of short educational videos for teens and parents to watch before pediatric ADHD visits to motivate teens to be more actively involved during their visits. The development of the videos was theoretically guided by Social Cognitive Theory. First, we conducted two focus groups with teens (ages 11 to 17) with ADHD, two focus groups with teens’ parents, and two focus groups with providers. The research team analyzed the focus group data to create the initial video script. Feedback was obtained from two teen advisory boards and the scripts were revised, then the videos were produced. Based on focus group results, an animated teen newscaster narrates six one- to two- minute videos with different themes: (a) talking to your doctor about your ADHD, (b) controlling ADHD without medication, (c) ADHD medications, (d) ADHD and school, (e) ADHD and relationships; and (f) talking to your parents about ADHD. Each theme includes three key messages and emphasizes how teens should discuss these messages with their providers. Teens, parents, and providers provided excellent insight into developing videos to increase teen involvement during ADHD visits. The developed video(s) are on Vimeo and on a website titled “Information for the Evolving Teenager” (iuveo.org).

Case: A 16-year-old male patient presented with isolated bilateral sacroiliac (SI) joint dislocation. In this report, we discuss the presentation and focus on strategies for operative reduction and fixation for this rare injury. Conclusion: In conclusion, we present a case of a bilateral ligamentous SI joint dislocation in an adolescent. The patient was reduced in the supine position with a sacral bump and bilateral traction with direct and indirect reduction aids inserted through a lateral window. Bilateral SI screws stabilized the pelvis, facilitating uncomplicated healing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The growing amount of screen time among adolescents has raised concerns about the effects it may have on their physical and psychological health. Although the literature is divided on whether the effects are mostly positive, neutral, or mostly negative, it is likely that the impacts will be highly individualized with a mixture of good and bad consequences for each person. Understanding behavioral and neurobiological phenomena of adolescence may help to guide research and interventions to optimize the benefits and minimize the risks. Particular aspects of adolescent development relevant to the issue include: (i) hunger for human connectedness; (ii) appetite for adventure; and (iii) desire for data.
.

Context: Sleep plays a vital role in cognitive and physical performance. Teenage athletes (ages 13-19 years) are considered especially at risk for disordered sleep and associated negative cognitive, physical, and psychosomatic effects. However, there is a paucity of evidence-based recommendations to promote sleep quality and quantity in athletes who fall within this age range. We performed a review of the literature to reveal evidence-based findings and recommendations to help sports instructors, athletic trainers, physical therapists, physicians, and other team members caring for young athletes provide guidance on sleep optimization for peak sports performance and injury risk reduction. Methods: PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane CENTRAL were searched on May 11, 2016, and then again on September 1, 2020, for relevant articles published to date. Study Design: Narrative review. Level of Evidence: Level 4. Results: Few studies exist on the effects disordered sleep may have on teenage athletes. By optimizing sleep patterns in young athletes during training and competitions, physical and mental performance, and overall well-being, may be optimized. Adequate sleep has been shown to improve the performance of athletes, although further studies are needed. Conclusion: Twenty-five percent of total sleep time should be deep sleep, with a recommended sleep time of 8 to 9 hours for most young athletes. Screen and television use during athletes' bedtime should be minimized to improve sleep quality and quantity. For young athletes who travel, jet lag can be minimized by allowing 1 day per time zone crossed for adjustment, limiting caffeine intake, planning meals and onboard sleeping to coincide with destination schedules, timing arrivals in the morning whenever possible, and using noise-canceling headphones and eyeshades. Strength-of-Recommendation Taxonomy (SORT): B. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Addiction to online games is designated as a mental disorder and is defined as a pattern of gaming behavior ("digital-gaming" or "video-gaming") in the 11th Revision in the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) characterized by impaired control over games, increased priority given to games over other activities, games taking precedence over other interests and daily activities despite negative consequences. The purpose of the review article is to analyze the relationship of factors with addiction to online games in adolescents. The design of this study is literature review, International and National Journals with article searches selected through Undip E-Journal, ScienceDirect, Springer Link, ProQuest, Scopus, Google Scholar or the official university and published scientific article websites, which are published between 2015-2022. The inclusion criteria in this article are to explain the factors related to online game addiction. The results of a study from 10 articles showed that lack of attention from nearby people, escape, depression, lack of control, lack of activities, environment and parenting, duration of play, low social support for playing online games, low access to information, low personal autonomy, unfavorable situations for playing online games, and low intention to play online games will increase adolescents to become addicted to online games. Both internal and external factors become factors that influence adolescents to become addicted to playing online games. Health promotion efforts are urgently needed regarding the dangers and health impacts caused by addiction to online games. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

About 56% to 84% of pregnant adolescents have inappropriate (insufficient or excessive) gestational weight gain (GWG); however, the factors associated with GWG in this age group have not been systematically identified. This scoping review aimed to synthesize the available scientific evidence on the association of individual, family, and social factors with inappropriate gestational weight gain in pregnant adolescents. To carry out this review, the MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases were searched for articles from recent years. The evidence was organized according to individual, family, and social factors. The analyzed studies included 1571 adolescents from six retrospective cohorts, 568 from three prospective cohorts, 165 from a case–control study, 395 from a cross-sectional study, and 78,001 from two national representative samples in the USA. At the individual level, in approximately half of the studies, the pre-pregnancy body mass index (pBMI) was positively associated with the GWG recommended by the Institute of Medicine of the USA (IOM). The evidence was insufficient for the other factors (maternal age, number of deliveries, and family support) to determine an association. According to the review, we concluded that pBMI was positively associated with the GWG. More quality studies are needed to assess the association between GWG and individual, family, and social factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is associated with various quality of life concerns including poor sleep. Sleep impairments in children with AD are associated with increased risk of short stature, metabolic syndrome, mental illness and neurocognitive dysfunction. Although the association between AD and sleep disturbance is well established, the specific types of sleep disturbance in pediatric AD patients and their underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. A scoping literature review was performed to characterize and summarize the types of sleep disturbance in children (less than 18 years of age) with AD. 31 papers met inclusion criteria and extracted data were analyzed in an iterative manner. Two types of sleep disturbances were found to be more prevalent in pediatric AD patients in comparison to controls. One category was related to loss of sleep (increased frequency or duration of awakenings, increased sleep fragmentation, delayed sleep onset, decreased total sleep duration, and decreased sleep efficiency). Another category was associated with unusual behaviors during sleep (restlessness/limb movement/scratching, sleep-disordered breathing including obstructive sleep apnea and snoring, nightmares, nocturnal enuresis and nocturnal hyperhidrosis). Some mechanisms underlying these sleep disturbances include pruritus and induced scratching and increased proinflammatory markers induced by sleep loss. Sleep disturbance appears to be associated with AD. We recommend clinicians to consider interventions that may reduce sleep disturbances in children with AD. Further investigation of these sleep disturbances is needed to elucidate pathophysiology, develop additional treatments, and reduce negative impacts on the health outcomes and quality of life in pediatric AD patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Strong and supportive relationships with parents are key to promoting the mental health of LGBTQ+ teens. Overwhelmingly, studies have focused on ways to improve parental acceptance, largely neglecting understanding the parent–teen dyad as a unit and ignoring teens' contributions to their relationships with their parents. To address this gap, we conducted 19 separate interviews with LGBTQ+ teens and their Latter-day Saint (LDS) parents (38 total interviews) to explore the ways that teens contributed to the development of positive relationships. Additionally, we explored teen-related factors that presented challenges to the parent–teen relationship. Thematic analyses suggested that LGBTQ+ teens engaged in several behaviors that benefitted their relationships with their LDS parents, including having authentic and meaningful conversations, fostering family connections, engaging in casual communication, being open about LGBTQ+ identity, and giving parents time and grace. Participants reported several common teen-related factors that presented challenges to the relationship, including communication and connection difficulties, challenges related to general development, and parents and teens avoiding LGBTQ+ and religious topics. Results suggest that while several of these factors may be relevant for parent–teen relationships more broadly, many were specific to LGBTQ+ teens with active, LDS parents. These findings highlight the ways that LGBTQ+ teens manage to foster positive relationships with their parents despite potential conflict between their LGBTQ+ identities and their parents' religious beliefs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to investigate the extent to which adolescent asthma management self-efficacy, outcome expectations, and asthma responsibility were associated with asthma control and quality-of-life. Adolescent self-efficacy and outcome expectations are important components of social cognitive theory, which guided this research. English- and Spanish-speaking adolescents ages 11–17 with persistent asthma were recruited at four pediatric clinics. Adolescents were interviewed and parents completed questionnaires. Multiple linear regression was used to analyze the data. Three hundred and fifty-nine adolescents were recruited. Older adolescent age, male gender, and higher adolescent asthma management self-efficacy were significantly associated with higher adolescent responsibility; outcome expectations were not significantly associated with responsibility. Adolescent ratings of their own responsibility were higher than parent ratings of their child's responsibility for almost all asthma management tasks. Adolescents with higher reported asthma management self-efficacy were significantly more likely to have better quality-of-life and controlled asthma. Adolescents with more positive outcome expectations were significantly more likely to have controlled asthma. Being Native American was associated with worse quality-of-life and asthma not being controlled. Being Black was associated with asthma not being controlled. Parents and providers should work to improve adolescent self-efficacy in managing their asthma because it is associated with asthma responsibility, asthma control, and quality-of-life. Providers need to especially work with Native American and Black adolescents to improve quality-of-life and asthma control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Breakfast skipping has previously been associated with worse diet quality among adolescents; the latter increases the risk of chronic disease. However, many studies do not consider diet quality as a function of calories, which is problematic as skippers tend to consume less energy than consumers. Additionally, due to the lack of one accepted definition of both breakfast skipping and diet quality, it is unclear how differences found may change when using varying definitions. Objectives: We aimed to compare the Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015) scores and nutrient intakes of teen breakfast skippers and consumers in Southwestern Ontario, Canada. Methods: Cross-sectional, baseline data were used from SmartAPPetite, an ongoing nutrition intervention study. Singular 24-h dietary recalls and sociodemographic data from 512 adolescents aged 13-19 y were used to compare HEI-2015 scores and nutrient intakes via multivariable linear regression. Results: Previous day breakfast skippers had significantly lower HEI-2015 scores (-4.4; 95% CI: -8.4, -0.4) and significantly lower intakes of calories, saturated fat, and vitamin C, as well as significantly higher intake of sodium and total fat. Conclusions: Previous day breakfast consumers had significantly higher diet quality scores and better nutrient intakes than breakfast skippers, although, on average, both had poor diet quality. Consequently, it is unlikely that simply advising teens to consume breakfast will result in meaningful change in diet quality, and more effort should be placed on promoting nutritious breakfasts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Childhood exposure to intimate partner violence (IPV) has increasingly been studied as a distinct form of child maltreatment with negative outcomes that can last well beyond childhood. The purpose of this study is to examine teen dating violence (TDV) involvement among adolescents who were exposed to IPV in early childhood while controlling for other known risk factors of TDV. We analyze longitudinal data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study to investigate the relation between early childhood IPV exposure (Years 1 and 3) and involvement in TDV (Year 15), controlling for parenting behaviors (Year 5), early onset delinquency (Year 9), and other sociodemographic characteristics (baseline). IPV exposure significantly increased TDV involvement, particularly for physical abuse and economic abuse (effect sizes of 0.34 and 0.15, respectively). Based on these findings, providers should implement frequent, comprehensive prenatal and perinatal IPV screenings, referring patients to community services as needed. Also, school-based interventions that promote healthy relationship skills may be targeted to adolescents with early IPV exposure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Romania ranks 2nd in the EU in the number of teenage pregnancies. Annually, globally in developing areas, approximately 21 million adolescent girls between the ages of 15 and 19 become pregnant, and about 12 million of them give birth. These data do not include the pregnancies of adolescents who have abortions (Nanu, Stativa, Valceanu, Otelea, n.a.). The main cause of mortality in females, the age group 15-19 years is represented by complications during pregnancy and childbirth (World Health Organization, 2020; Neal, Matthews, Frost, Fogstad, Camacho, and Laski, 2012). Pregnancy in adolescents was associated with double risk factors, maternal and fetal, with a much higher prevalence than in the other age groups that presented pregnancy. Romani traditions and customs influence the lives of young women. More acute than the rest of the population is the need for intervention through education programs and access to health care among Romani adolescents (Roman, Gramma, Enache, and Pârvu, 2012; Hanssens, Devisch, Lobbestael et al., 2016). The multidimensional approach, with sex and reproductive education school curricula, legal-administrative reforms to facilitate access to education and professional reproductive and sexual health services, environmentally friendly family planning programs from which young adolescents come can lead to a decrease in births. early age.

Background: Inuit youth in Northern Canada show considerable resilience in the face of extreme adversities. However, they also experience significant mental health needs and some of the highest adolescent suicide rates in the world. Disproportionate rates of truancy, depression, and suicide among Inuit adolescents have captured the attention of all levels of government and the country. Inuit communities have expressed an urgent imperative to create, or adapt, and then evaluate prevention and intervention tools for mental health. These tools should build upon existing strengths, be culturally appropriate for Inuit communities, and be accessible and sustainable in Northern contexts, where mental health resources are often scarce. Objective: This pilot study assesses the utility, for Inuit youth in Canada, of a psychoeducational e-intervention designed to teach cognitive behavioral therapy strategies and techniques. This serious game, SPARX, had previously demonstrated effectiveness in addressing depression with Maori youth in New Zealand. Methods: The Nunavut Territorial Department of Health sponsored this study, and a team of Nunavut-based community mental health staff facilitated youth's participation in an entirely remotely administered pilot trial using a modified randomized control approach with 24 youths aged 13-18 across 11 communities in Nunavut. These youth had been identified by the community facilitators as exhibiting low mood, negative affect, depressive presentations, or significant levels of stress. Entire communities, instead of individual youth, were randomly assigned to an intervention group or a waitlist control group. Results: Mixed models (multilevel regression) revealed that participating youth felt less hopeless (P=.02) and engaged in less self-blame (P=.03), rumination (P=.04), and catastrophizing (P=.03) following the SPARX intervention. However, participants did not show a decrease in depressive symptoms or an increase in formal resilience indicators. Conclusions: Preliminary results suggest that SPARX may be a good first step for supporting Inuit youth with skill development to regulate their emotions, challenge maladaptive thoughts, and provide behavioral management techniques such as deep breathing. However, it will be imperative to work with youth and communities to design, develop, and test an Inuit version of the SPARX program, tailored to fit the interests of Inuit youth and Elders in Canada and to increase engagement and effectiveness of the program. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Compared with traditional approaches, gaming strategies are promising interventions for the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). We developed a serious game, The Secret Trail of Moon (TSTM), for ADHD treatment. Objective: The main objective of this clinical trial was to demonstrate the effectiveness of an add-on, either TSTM or Therapeutic Chess (TC), in previously optimally drug-titrated, clinically stable patients with ADHD. Methods: This study is a prospective, unicentric, randomized clinical trial in clinically stable patients with ADHD, aged 12 to 22 years. The TSTM (n=35) and TC groups (n=34) performed 12 weekly sessions of their respective treatments. The control group (CG) patients (n=35) were called by phone every week, but they received no cognitive intervention. The primary end point was the change from baseline to end point in the parent "Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function-2" (BRIEF-2; patients' parents) in the per-protocol population (31 serious videogame: 24 TC and 34 CG). Results: Our study failed to probe clear-cut improvements in the global score of the BRIEF-2. However, the TC group showed improvements in measures of emotional control, emotional regulation, and inattention. The TSTM group showed improvements in measures of emotional regulation, inattention, and school context. Conclusions: TSTM and TC did not improve executive function symptoms, but they improved ADHD symptomatology related to emotional regulation. Further studies with bigger samples are required to confirm these preliminary findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Our objective was to develop a series of short educational videos for teens and parents to watch before pediatric ADHD visits to motivate teens to be more actively involved during their visits. The development of the videos was theoretically guided by Social Cognitive Theory. First, we conducted two focus groups with teens (ages 11 to 17) with ADHD, two focus groups with teens' parents, and two focus groups with providers. The research team analyzed the focus group data to create the initial video script. Feedback was obtained from two teen advisory boards and the scripts were revised, then the videos were produced. Based on focus group results, an animated teen newscaster narrates six one- to two- minute videos with different themes: (a) talking to your doctor about your ADHD, (b) controlling ADHD without medication, (c) ADHD medications, (d) ADHD and school, (e) ADHD and relationships; and (f) talking to your parents about ADHD. Each theme includes three key messages and emphasizes how teens should discuss these messages with their providers. Teens, parents, and providers provided excellent insight into developing videos to increase teen involvement during ADHD visits. The developed video(s) are on Vimeo and on a website titled "Information for the Evolving Teenager" (iuveo.org). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social media platforms rely on algorithms to filter and select content, thereby personalizing every individual's social media experience. Many use social media without awareness of this personalization and its impact, pointing to a need to both understand and improve literacy among active social media users. This qualitative study addresses adolescents' social media literacy through an investigation of their experiences with personalization on social media, aiming for a nuanced perspective of their outcomes. A thematic analysis of eight focus group interviews with 47 students aged 15–19 years uncovered two main themes: (1) diverse levels of adolescents' awareness and familiarity with personalization and (2) positive, negative, and mixed emotions toward personalization. Theme one uncovered that although the adolescents were largely unfamiliar with the terminology, when prompted, most of them could provide examples of personalization, whereas theme two revealed that adolescents appreciated relevant content and yet were uneasy about certain features. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Health policy makers and advocates increasingly utilize online resources for policy-relevant knowledge. Knowledge brokering is one potential mechanism to encourage the use of research evidence in policy making, but the mechanisms of knowledge brokerage in online spaces are understudied. This work looks at knowledge brokerage through the launch of Project ASPEN, an online knowledge portal developed in response to a New Jersey legislative act that established a pilot program for adolescent depression screening for young adults in grades 7-12. Objective: This study compares the ability to drive policy brief downloads by policy makers and advocates from the Project ASPEN knowledge portal using a variety of online methods to promote the knowledge portal. Methods: The knowledge portal was launched on February 1, 2022, and a Google Ad campaign was run between February 27, 2022, and March 26, 2022. Subsequently, a targeted social media campaign, an email campaign, and tailored research presentations were used to promote the website. Promotional activities ended on May 31, 2022. Website analytics were used to track a variety of actions including new users coming to the website, page views, and policy brief downloads. Statistical analysis was used to assess the efficacy of different approaches. Results: The campaign generated 2837 unique user visits to the knowledge portal and 4713 page views. In addition, the campaign generated 6.5 policy web page views/day and 0.7 policy brief downloads/day compared with 1.8 views/day and 0.5 downloads/day in the month following the campaign. The rate of policy brief page view conversions was significantly higher for Google Ads compared with other channels such as email (16.0 vs 5.4; P <.001) and tailored research presentations (16.0 vs 0.8; P <.001). The download conversion rate for Google Ads was significantly higher compared with social media (1.2 vs 0.1; P <.001) and knowledge brokering activities (1.2 vs 0.2; P <.001). By contrast, the download conversion rate for the email campaign was significantly higher than that for social media (1.0 vs 0.1; P <.001) and tailored research presentations (1.0 vs 0.2; P <.001). While Google Ads for this campaign cost an average of US $2.09 per click, the cost per conversion was US $11 per conversion to drive targeted policy web page views and US $147 per conversion to drive policy brief downloads. While other approaches drove less traffic, those approaches were more targeted and cost-effective. Conclusions: Four tactics were tested to drive user engagement with policy briefs on the Project ASPEN knowledge portal. Google Ads was shown to be effective in driving a high volume of policy web page views but was ineffective in terms of relative costs. More targeted approaches such as email campaigns and tailored research presentations given to policy makers and advocates to promote the use of research evidence on the knowledge portal website are likely to be more effective when balancing goals and cost-effectiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are characterized by their widespread deployment due to low cost, but the WSNs are vulnerable to various types of attacks. To defend against the attacks, an effective security solution is required. However, the limits of these networks' battery-based energy to the sensor are the most critical impediments to selecting cryptographic techniques. Consequently, finding a suitable algorithm that achieves the least energy consumption in data encryption and decryption and providing a highly protected system for data remains the fundamental problem. In this research, the main objective is to obtain data security during transmission by proposing a robust and low-power encryption algorithm, in addition, to examining security algorithms such as ECC and MD5 based on previous studies. In this research, the Energy Saving and Securing Data algorithm (ESSD) algorithm is introduced, which provides the Message Digest 5 (MD5) computation simplicity by modifying the Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) under the primary condition of power consumption. These three algorithms, ECC, MD5, and ESSD, are applied to Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH) and Threshold-sensitive Energy Efficient Sensor Network Protocol (TEEN) hierarchical routing algorithms which are considered the most widely used in WSNs. The results of security methods under the LEACH protocol show that all nodes are dead at 456, 496, and 496, respectively, to ECC, MD5, and ESSD. The results of security methods under the TEEN protocol show that the test ends at 3743, 4815, and 4889, respectively, to ECC, MD5, and ESSD. Based on these results, the ESSD outperforms better in terms of increased security and less power consumption. In addition, it is advantageous when applied to TEEN protocol. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the most common sexually transmitted infection in the United States. High-risk HPV strains are associated with cancer of the cervix, oropharynx, anus, rectum, penis, vagina, and vulva. To combat increasing HPV-related cancers, the 9-valent HPV vaccine Gardasil was developed. Recommendation of the HPV vaccine by a health care provider has been cited as the number one factor affecting vaccine uptake among adolescents and young adults. Physician assistants, nurse practitioners, and pharmacists have been enlisted to bridge the gap. Objective: The specific aim of this research study was to develop a reliable and valid HPV vaccine communication scale that can be used to measure the competency of primary care providers when recommending the need for vaccination to parents and patients. Methods: Using a descriptive study, we collected data via a literature review, focus groups, and an expert panel to inform the scale domains and blueprint design. Pretesting (cognitive interviews) was used to inform item revision decisions. An item analysis was also conducted for the responses provided in the cognitive interviews. Item statistics (means and SDs), interitem correlations, and reliability were examined. Data were analyzed using SPSS (IBM Corp) software. Results: A valid and reliable 42-item HPV vaccine communication competency scale was developed. The scale included 6 domains of interest. Scale items were moderately to strongly correlated with one another, and Cronbach a indicated good internal consistency with each scale. Scale items included were related to provider introduction or rapport (α=.796), patient respect or empathy (α=.737), provider interview or intake (α=.9), patient counseling or education (α=.935), provider communication closure (α=.896), and provider knowledge (α=.824). Conclusions: Pharmacists, nurse practitioners, and physician assistants should be trained to be competent in HPV vaccine communication and recommendation due to their expanded roles. Interdisciplinary collaboration is important to account for the trainee's individual differences and ensure the best health care outcomes for patients. A standardized HPV communication scale can be used to ensure effective and consistent recommendation by health care providers, thus affecting immunization rates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Oral health significantly influences overall well-being, health care costs, and quality of life. In Saudi Arabia, the burden of oral diseases, such as dental caries and periodontal disease, has increased over recent decades, driven by various lifestyle changes., Objective: To explore the associations between proximal (direct) and distal (indirect) influences that affect oral pain (OP) and self-rated oral health (SROH) status in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) using an adapted conceptual framework., Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study used data from a national health survey conducted in KSA in 2017. The sample included adults (N=29,274), adolescents (N=9910), and children (N=11,653). Sociodemographic data, health characteristics, and access to oral health services were considered distal influences, while frequency and type of dental visits, tooth brushing frequency, smoking, and consumption of sweets and soft drinks were considered proximal influences. Path analysis modeling was used to estimate the direct, indirect, and total effects of proximal and distal influences on OP and SROH status., Results: The mean age of adult respondents was 42.2 years; adolescents, 20.4 years; and children, 10.58 years. Despite OP reports from 39% of children, 48.5% of adolescents, and 47.1% of adults, over 87% across all groups rated their oral health as good, very good, or excellent. A higher frequency of tooth brushing showed a strong inverse relationship with OP and a positive correlation with SROH (P<.001). Frequent dental visits were positively associated with OP and negatively with SROH (P<.001). Sweet consumption increased OP in adolescents (β=0.033, P=.007) and negatively affected SROH in children (β=-0.086, P<.001), adolescents (β=-0.079, P<.001), and adults (β=-0.068, P<.001). Soft drink consumption, however, was associated with lower OP in adolescents (β=-0.034, P=.005) and improved SROH in adolescents (β=0.063, P<.001) and adults (β=0.068, P<.001). Smoking increased OP in adults (β=0.030, P<.001). Distal influences like higher education were directly linked to better SROH (β=0.046, P=.003) and less OP (indirectly through tooth brushing, β=-0.004, P<.001). For children, high household income correlated with less OP (β=-0.030, P=.02), but indirectly increased OP through other pathways (β=0.024, P=.003). Lack of access was associated with negative oral health measures (P<.001)., Conclusions: Among the KSA population, OP and SROH were directly influenced by many proximal and distal influences that had direct, indirect, or combined influences on OP and SROH status., (©Naif Abogazalah, Constantin Yiannoutsos, Armando E Soto-Rojas, Naif Bindayeld, Juan F Yepes, Esperanza Angeles Martinez Mier. Originally published in JMIR Public Health and Surveillance (https://publichealth.jmir.org), 20.12.2024.)

ROLE OF INFORMATION MEDIA ON ADOLESCENT SEXUAL BEHAVIOR. Youth is an important phase of life in an individual’s developmental cycle. This phase is a transition period that can be directed towards the development of a healthy adulthood, thus bringing happiness and success in carrying out developmental tasks in the next phase. The purpose of community service is expected to be a medium for the dissemination of information related to the role of Information media in adolescent sexual behavior. This community service partner is Megarezky University and CV. Faira Aksara with lecture method using zoom application. From the processed data using Wilcoxon test with a sample number of 53 people obtained there was an increase in knowledge from the average value of quisioner pre-test obtained the correct answer value of 63.20 after counseling changed to 77.73. with a value of ρ 0.000. Community Service activities are one of the means of conveying information to teenagers, health workers, teachers, and parents so that it can be applied to teenagers both in the school environment or at home and in the youth social environment.

Stefania Marghitu, Teen TV (Oxford: Routledge, 2021), pp.246, ISBN: 9781138713895(pb), £29.99; ISBN: 9780415315852 (hb), £120; ISBN: 9781315229645 (ebook),£26.99.

Objectives: This study examined socio-demographic factors of sleep reduction in adolescents and whether differences in sleep reduction were mediated by their sleep hygiene practices. It also provides more insight into the prevalence of sleep reduction in a sample of Dutch adolescents. Design: Cross-sectional study using baseline data from the cluster-randomized controlled trial Charge Your Brainzzz. Participants: 972 adolescents in the second or third grade of secondary school, aged 13.3 (± 0.7) years, of which 55% were girls. Methods: Socio-demographic differences (gender, age, education types, cultural groups) in sleep reduction and the mediating effects of sleep hygiene practices (i.e., caffeine use, behavioral arousal, cognitive/emotional arousal) were assessed with linear regression analyses and the product-of-coefficient test with percentile-based confidence intervals, respectively. Sleep reduction was measured using the Sleep Reduction Screening Questionnaire, whereas sleep hygiene practices were measured via the Adolescent Sleep Hygiene Scale. Results: 33% of adolescents reported sleep reduction. Girls and older-aged adolescents experienced more sleep reduction than boys and younger-aged adolescents, respectively. The association between gender and sleep reduction was mediated by cognitive/emotional arousal but suppressed by caffeine use, while behavioral arousal and cognitive/emotional arousal mediated the association between age and sleep reduction. Conclusions: Sleep reduction was shown to be common in Dutch adolescents, especially in girls and older-aged adolescents. Sleep hygiene practices partly explained the differences in sleep health and sleep reduction between different socio-demographic risk groups. Further research is needed to provide more insight into the complexity of sleep reduction and its interrelated behaviors and risk factors.

To characterize opioid prescribing over a 5-year period to adolescents upon discharge from one urban pediatric medical center. A retrospective cross-sectional analysis of 4354 adolescents discharged with a pain medication after an admission of ≤5 days between January 2015 and December 2019 was performed. Two outcome groups, based on the analgesics prescribed at discharge, were compared: those discharged with a prescription for a non-opioid only and those discharged with an opioid prescription. The association between year of discharge and receipt of opioid, while adjusting for relevant demographic and clinical characteristics, was also explored. Approximately 64% of the sample was discharged with an opioid prescription. Of those, the median daily dosage was 45.0 morphine milligram equivalents (MME) [IQR: 32.4, 45.0]. Year of discharge was associated with decreased odds of receiving an opioid when adjusting for age, race, sex, insurance, pain scores, opioid exposure during hospitalization, length of stay, and undergoing surgery. The odds of being discharged with an opioid decreased each year by 29% (Adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR] = 0.71, CI:0.68–0.73). Concurrently, the proportion of patients discharged with nonopioid pain medication increased from 25% of adolescent patients in 2015 to 50% in 2019. Overall, opioid prescribing to adolescents at time of discharge decreased over time in our sample. While prescribing has decreased opioid analgesics are dispensed to young patients. Risk of opioid use disorder and overdose is rare in this population, but adolescence is good opportunity for nursing to promote safe prescribing and analgesic use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

İslam dinin çok önem verdiği ve Kur’an-ı Kerim’de pek çok kez zikredilen, el-emru bi’l-ma’ruf ve’n-nehyu ani’l-münker olarak ifade edilen uyarma kavramı, her zaman ve çağda toplumların ihtiyacı olduğu gibi günümüzde de insanların muhtaç olduğu bir anlamı içermektedir. İyiliği emredip kötülüklerden sakındırmanın uygun zaman ve mekânda yapıldığında etkili olacağı muhakkaktır. Bunu sağlamak için Hz. Peygamber’in hayatından örnekler vermek, bu konuda uygulanmış olan nebevi metotları dikkate almak, uyarı süreci ve muhatap açısından oldukça önemlidir. Bu makale, toplumu uyarmak adına, Allah’tan alınan mesajları uygulanabilir, hayata geçirilebilir bir hale getiren Hz. Peygamber’ in uyarı yöntemlerini ve bunların, günümüz gençlerinin karakteristik özelliklerini dikkate alarak uygulanabilirliğini ele almaktadır. Hz. Peygamber, Allah’tan aldığı vahyi, insanlara ulaştırabilmek ve hatalı davranışları düzeltebilmek adına, topluma mesajlarını iletebileceği ve insanları hatalı davranışlardan uzaklaştırabileceği pek çok farklı metoda başvurmuştur. Ancak bu makalede, Hz. Peygamber’in uyarıda bulunurken kullanmış olduğu tüm yöntemler makalenin hududu da göz önünde bulundurularak ele alınmayacak, yalnızca günümüz gençleri üzerinde anlam ifade eden metotlar incelenecektir. Her insanın, yaşadığı zamanın şartlarına göre oluşmuş bir karakter yapısı olduğu bilinen bir gerçekliktir. Bu gerçeklikten hareketle, günümüz gençlerine işaret edildikten sonra bu gençler için uygun olabilecek uyarı yöntemleri, nebevi öğreti ışığında ele alınacaktır.

The Great Recession has ruined the finances of millions of families and has had long-lasting impacts on employment. But less is known about its social consequences, about how it affected the intimate lives of the most disadvantaged – and in particular how it affected their fertility. Prior research has found that fertility decisions are often disconnected from economic concerns. In a new paper, I find the opposite: fertility falls in response to severe economic shocks among unmarried and teen women.1 I show that during the Great Recession, unmarried women increased their use of contraceptives and made use of more effective contraceptive methods. My results suggest that the Great Recession decreased fertility with consequences for the society as a whole.

E-cigarette use among youth remains a significant public health concern. In 2018, The Real Cost campaign began disseminating messages about the harms of vaping, primarily using digital media. We sought to determine the prevalence of aided recall of The Real Cost e-cigarette prevention ads and identify potential differences by participant characteristics. Participants were a nationally representative sample of adolescents living in United States (US) households recruited by the National Opinion Research Center (NORC) at the University of Chicago’s AmeriSpeak panel in September and October of 2020. A total of 623 adolescents completed the survey. Analyses were weighted to represent the distribution of youth in the US, and effect sizes for individual characteristics were estimated using an adjusted marginalized two-part model. Seventy-one percent of adolescents recalled at least one of the five The Real Cost e-cigarette prevention ads, with individual ad recall ranging from a low of 38.8% (for Magic) to a high of 50.1% (for Narrative). Adjusted estimates of aided recall identified significantly higher recall among Black adolescents and those that used social media at medium or high frequencies (p

Background: Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination is recommended for children aged 11-12 years in the United States. One factor that may contribute to low national HPV vaccine uptake is parental exposure to misinformation on social media. Objective: This study aimed to examine the association between parents' perceptions of the HPV vaccine information on social media and internet verification strategies used with the HPV vaccine decision-making stage for their child. Methods: Parents of children and adolescents aged 9-17 years were recruited for a cross-sectional survey in North Texas (n=1192) and classified into 3 groups: children and adolescents who (1) were vaccinated, (2) unvaccinated and did not want the vaccine, and (3) unvaccinated and wanted the vaccine. Multinomial logistic regression models were estimated to identify factors associated with the HPV vaccine decision-making stage with children and adolescents who were vaccinated as the referent group. Results: Of the 1192 respondents, 44.7% (n=533) had an HPV-vaccinated child, 38.8% (n=463) had an unvaccinated child and did not want the vaccine, and 16.4% (n=196) had an unvaccinated child and wanted the vaccine. Respondents were less likely to be "undecided/not wanting the vaccine" if they agreed that HPV information on social media is credible (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.40, 95% CI 0.26-0.60; P=.001), disagreed that social media makes them question the HPV vaccine (aOR 0.22, 95% CI 0.15-0.33; P<.001), or had a higher internet verification score (aOR 0.74, 95% CI 0.62-0.88; P<.001). Conclusions: Interventions that promote web-based health literacy skills are needed so parents can protect their families from misinformation and make informed health care decisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]