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The global political system is undergoing a transition from a unipolar to a multipolar world. Scientific discussions are underway regarding the emergence or formation of new poles in the world, including the potential development of a pole through the integration structure of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU). Attention is focused on the changing conditions of the global economy and their influence on the development strategies of regional integration associations. The necessity to adapt the development strategies of the EAEU to new trends, including the shift in the economic paradigm and the reassessment of the role of integration process participants, is argued.Aim. To justify strategies and approaches to building an economic pole based on the EAEU.Tasks. Examining various theoretical approaches to the concept of multipolarity, poles, and centers of power. Investigating interpretations of global and regional leadership. Analyzing the concept of regional leadership considering the role of the EAEU as an important element of the new world political and global economic system.Methods. Comparative analysis of vectors and development strategies of regional integration associations. The civilizational approach illuminates not only the key economic and political aspects of regional leadership but also the cultural and civilizational factors of regional integration. The deductive method and synthesis allowed for the formulation of new approaches to understanding the economic component of the EAEU pole.Results. It has been established that one of the possible and most effective ways to form the economic component of the EAEU pole is to consider the formation of a new technological paradigm in the Union’s development strategy amidst the transformation and transition to a new economic paradigm.Conclusions. Framing the EAEU as an independent pole, based on the concept of changing economic paradigms, implies a rethinking or establishment of institutions based on principles of non-discrimination, mutual respect for sovereignty and national interests, as well as the establishment of mutually beneficial relations with other states. Such an approach to pole-building is a key step in transitioning to the sixth technological paradigm.

The raw material model of Russia’s economy does not provide a suitable level of citizen wellbeing or international competitiveness. The sanctions have enabled the timber industry of Russia to develop by creating its own technologies and production facilities. However, the development is complicated by lack of qualified personnel, modern equipment, and reliable information about the composition of forests, etc. The article considers switching from an export-raw material to an innovative model of the timber industry development in the aspect of transitioning to a new technological paradigm. The purpose of the article is to analyze timber industry’s possibilities of transitioning to the 6th technological paradigm, as well as difficulties associated with this transition. The authors highlight timber industry complex formation stages in the technological paradigm levels context. The Russian timber industry complex is multistructural due to relying on 3rd, 4th and 5th technological paradigms. Therefore, in order to transition to a new technological paradigm, it is necessary to train highly qualified personnel, construct full-cycle processing timber chemical plants that use advanced technologies and take into account the green economy principles, etc.

The main goal of this work is to search for a new model of Ukraine's economy and the optimal vector for its post-war development. The article examines the peculiarities of the national economy's development over the past decade, analyzes the trends that emerged in the pre-war period, and examines the changes that occurred due to the aggressive war against our state, along with their potential consequences for future development. It is determined that the majority of domestic economy productions belong to the third or fourth technological paradigms, with around 4% falling under the fifth paradigm, and no productions of the sixth paradigm in our country. In addition, the volumes of investment in innovative development and modern technologies are extremely insufficient, and foreign direct investment has not exceeded 2% of GDP on average over the last decade. Given these circumstances and taking into account the full-scale war taking place on our territory, it is necessary to reconsider the approaches to the economic model of Ukraine, shifting the focus from rebuilding the outdated and backward agrarian economy to the structural transformation of the system. As an optimal vector for post-war economic development in Ukraine, a transition from an agrarian raw material model to a modern high-tech one is proposed. This model is based on closed chains of complex, knowledge-intensive production, the development of the military-industrial complex with entry into the international arms market with cuttingedge developments, and the growth of the country's innovation-intellectual potential. To ensure technological breakthroughs in our country, a new effective industrial policy is needed, focusing on creating deep processing industries, reorientation to innovative types of production and technologies, a shift from raw material exports to product exports, and a transformation of the approach to institutional support for sustainable development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scientific economic discourse holds a certain pool of theories and concepts, which are now considered generally accepted. They rely on a developed evidence base, have passed through several stages, and have mature schools of thought. Yet as we can see from the history of economic thought, during their genesis these theories were not always connoted and contextualized unambiguously. Perhaps at present we are witnessing the formation of a new scientific theory – noonomics. The paper aims to study its essence, basic characteristics and postulates and to prove that it belongs to the modern stage in the development of the theories of economic dynamics and stadiality in economic processes. These theories constitute the methodological basis of the research. The methods include systematisation and generalisation used to reveal the key propositions of the theories of economic cycles and dynamics; logical structural analysis and causal analysis to track the evolution of the foundations underlying the theories of technological development; the method of particularising to describe the essence of noonomics. The paper identifies the relevant characteristics of the theories of economic dynamics and stadiality of economic processes and examines noonomics in the context of the said theories. The research confirms the scientific foundations of this concept. The results contribute to the understanding of a transition to the next stage in the economy and society’s technological development by extending the boundaries of the theories of economic dynamics.

How have human knowledge, technology and living standards made progress? In this paper, we focus on the Palaeolithic Age when human knowledge started to progress greatly, and we examine whether the theory of knowledge progress in the modern economy can be applied to the Palaeolithic Age. If this theory can be applied to the earlier era, it means that there is a high possibility that we can explain the advances in human knowledge over about 3.3 million years (or more) by the theory.

The article deals with the realation between mataphors, social and technological paradigm, in relation to the coneceptualisation oft he body, as well as social relations.

The internal contradictions that affect the interaction of the techno- and biosphere during the intensification of subsoil development are considered. The necessity of timely ecologization of the technological paradigm of the development of subsoil use as one of the main elements of the technosphere and a natural transition to a new technological order corresponding to the characteristics of a post-industrial society has been substantiated. The causes of the modern systemic ecological crisis associated with the antagonistic form of interaction between man and nature have been indicated. This crisis can be overcome through the gradual ecologization of the technological paradigm in general and subsoil use in particular. The massive use of naturelike technologies contributes to the modernization of the technological order. It is this form of revolutionary transformation that opens the way for establishing coevolutionary interaction of systemic antagonists—man and the living nature of the Earth—based on the principles of parallel nondestructive development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Integral ecology has arguably received more attention from theologians, ethicists and others compared with other ideas arising out of Pope Francis's encyclical Laudato Si'. In this article I explore what are reasonable alternative ways of understanding what Pope Francis intended in using the language of integral ecology, and critically explore its theological foundations and point to some implications for practice. I trace its development to a theological response in dialectical relationship with his understanding of an alternative technological paradigm. Unlike the latter, integral ecology is grounded in traditional Catholic concepts of creation and resonates with natural law understood to be broadly inclusive rather than narrowly proscriptive. While to a degree plagiarizing on earlier concepts of integral human development, it has its own distinctive message to carry. Moreover, I suggest that without adequate reference to theological foundations integral ecology morphs into much more general notions of multi-disciplinarity and trans-disciplinarity, which, while valuable in themselves, fail to get to the heart of Pope Francis's intended mission. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using the entire population of USPTO patent applications published between 2002 and 2019, and leveraging on both patent classification and semantic analysis, this paper aims to map the current knowledge base centred on robotics and AI technologies. These technologies are investigated both as a whole and distinguishing core and related innovations, along a 4-level core-periphery architecture. Merging patent applications with the Orbis IP firm-level database allows us to put forward a twofold analysis based on industry of activity and geographic location. In a nutshell, results show that: (i) rather than representing a technological revolution, the new knowledge base is strictly linked to the previous technological paradigm; (ii) the new knowledge base is characterised by a considerable—but not impressively widespread—degree of pervasiveness; (iii) robotics and AI are strictly related, converging (particularly among the related technologies and in more recent times) and jointly shaping a new knowledge base that should be considered as a whole, rather than consisting of two separate GPTs; (iv) the US technological leadership turns out to be confirmed (although declining in relative terms in favour of Asian countries such as South Korea, China and, more recently, India). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the analysis results of highly qualified personnel training in 2018–2020 in the field of mechanical engineering in the specialties falling within the competence of the Expert Council No. 18 of the Higher Attestation Commission of the Republic of Belarus, which showed that the most successful tasks in dissertation research are solved in the areas of developing technologies for creating: materials with gradient-oriented physical and mechanical characteristics; composite materials and protective coatings using nanoscale alloying and modifying materials; polymer materials and technologies, as well as the development of methods for assessing the durability of steel structures under their cyclic loads. However, despite the presence of a modern material and experimental base at the enterprises of the Republic of Belarus, among the applicants for academic degrees, there is a very small proportion of representatives of the real sector of the economy, training of which could make a scientific and practical contribution to machine science and provide significant support in solving the problems of ensuring the competitiveness and liquidity of products produced by successfully functioning major GDP generating domestic enterprises with production belonging mainly to the fourth technological paradigm. In fact, the main number of dissertations in these areas were executed by specialists of educational institutions and the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, which have the appropriate field of activity and research equipment.

The scale of the modern economic crisis has refuted theories of a linear and self-regulating market. Adam Smith's "invisible hand" turned out to be nothing but a myth which served the purpose of maintaining the monopoly. In pursuit of alternative interpretations, we have decided that this paper should investigate the scale of crisis in the world and how major powers respond to it, as seen through Kondratiev long wave theory. Initially, we present the basic theoretical presumptions, to which we added modern sociological interpretations. This section is followed by explanations of socio-technological factors which are crucial for the intervals of long waves. Finally, we give a general presentation of the relationship between major powers and their future geocultural strategies: This paper aims to fathom the mechanisms of structurally conditioned crises and to indicate the need to apply Kondratiev long-wave theory when creating highest-level strategic documents.

Using the example of the Southern Federal District, this article offers a multifaceted, comprehensive study of the trends and constraints of the Fourth Industrial Revolution in Russia's regions, and prescribes practical recommendations for how Russia's regions may adapt to the technological shift occurring in the world. The methodology of the study is based on an integrated-comparative analysis of the strategic development of the regions of the Southern Federal District during Russia's transition to a digital economy. As part of the study, a sociological survey of 547 respondents was conducted on the topic of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the article is to reveal the place and role of smart specialization strategy as one of the relevant and central areas of modern economic policy. It is shown that in Ukraine the issue of economic essence and main goal of smart specialization policy as a form of state innovation policy remains theoretically and practically unexplored, as well as the importance of involving universities in smart specialization strategy in the context of creating basic innovations that can become the basis of the regional smart specializations. The article substantiates that the Ukrainian expert community is dominated by the perception the smart specialization strategy is the traditional sectoral economic policy, which considers innovation as a factor of increasing the competitiveness of existing industries, i.e. without much change in the technological structure of the economy or region. The article argues that the main content of the smart specialization policy should be the priority development of new high-tech sectors of the economy, industries belonging to the current and future technological paradigms. The results of studying the main development directions of the Top European innovation Universities are presented. These results testify to the close connection between the innovation Universities and the creation of basic innovations for the development of new high-tech business. The analysis showed that Ukraine not only cannot enter the European ranking of innovation Universities, but also lags far behind the total number of European patents per country. This shows that the country has in fact abandoned basic innovation competitions with Europe. The policy of smart specialization should help to correct this situation. The positive effect of such policy largely depends on the active formation of modern innovation Universities, which can create and commercialize basic innovations of the Schumpeter’s type, leading to the emergence of new high technologies.

Copyright of Socioloski Pregled is the property of Srpsko Sociolosko Drustvo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

With the sharply increasing natural gas demand, coalbed methane (CBM), one of the main unconventional gas, significantly impacts the international energy supply. Driven by the global energy market demand, related technologies have been developed. However, previous studies of the CBM industry mostly focused on the description of a single technical field, lacking integrity and versatility, and unable to systematically describe the development of the technology track of the CBM industry. To summarize the life cycle of the technology development of the CBM industry, this paper proposes a new optimization methodology that combines the technology paradigm theory and data analysis system (DAS). Through data visualization, three technical paradigms are proposed; Competition, diffusion and transfer. Based on the visualization results, this paper discusses the challenges existing in the current CBM industry. It proposes corresponding policy recommendations so that the government can formulate appropriate and accurate subsidy incentive policies.

Studies on industrial districts tend to highlight the advantages for companies arising from the network of relationships among actors based on the sharing of a common history, culture and norms of behaviour. It has been recently shown that family businesses succeed in leveraging on the district effect only under certain size conditions. In this work, we further advance the study of the 'district' effect on family businesses with the analysis of further key contingencies in addition to size, namely the actual level of family involvement and the technological sector. It has been recently shown that family businesses succeed in leveraging on the district effect only under certain size conditions: for example, according to Cucculelli and Storai's (2015) results, medium-sized family businesses companies enjoy the advantages of operating in a district more than larger and smaller companies and than non-family businesses of similar size. In this work, we further advance the study of the 'district' effect on family businesses with the analysis of further key contingencies in addition to size, namely the actual level of family involvement and the technological sector. We argue that an intense involvement of family members in the governance of companies operating within districts, negatively impacts on companies' performance due to the emergence of a phenomenon of overembeddedness. Further, we also show an industry technological paradigm, characterized by radical breakthroughs, combines with family involvement and location in a district to negatively influence a company's performance. The study is conducted on the Bocconi Italian Observatory of Family Business and includes a final usable panel of 55,489 company/year observations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article examines the social aspects of regional development and identifies social threats to regional development: poverty, archaic social structure of the population with a high proportion of the poorest, a narrow middle class layer, and a scan proportion of the rich against a high income concentration. There are marked regional differences in the economic stratification of the population. Deterioration is the positions of most regions of the Siberian Federal District on the scale of living standards has been noted, as well as a decrease in disposable income. It is concluded that over the past 18 years, there have been no significant positive changes in technological paradigms in the Russian economy. Modernization of the economy is the main reserve for raising the level and quality of life of Siberians. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, I draw from organizational imprinting theory to illuminate the impact of the Soviet legacy on contemporary Russian economic geography and regional policy. I argue that central coordination in the creation and regulation of Russian urban agglomerations is connected to a socialist imprinted paradigm associated with the Soviet economic regionalization model and territorial-production complexes (TPCs). I conduct a qualitative historical study to analyze the role of the foundational environment and the dynamics in the development of this imprint. I propose that this imprint effect is prone to reproduction in contemporary regional development strategies and community-based paradigms due to exaptation and cultural-cognitive persistence. The article extends the literature of socialist imprinting by demonstrating how imprints may emerge, transform, and affect localized organizational communities in transition economies and highlights the role of imprinted paradigms in policymaking and regional development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In today’s economy, technological leadership is the only way to overcome the gap and dependence on developed countries. The purpose of the paper is to show the necessity, conditions and results of the reindustrialization in Russia based on the latest technological advantages. The methodological basis of the research is the theories and concepts of technological development. The author applies general scientific methods of observation and collection of facts, analysis and synthesis, logical and retrospective analysis. The shifts in the material conditions of production highlight a qualitative increase in knowledge-intensity of production. The structure and the substance of human needs and the forms of production organization are also changing. This tendency can result in the displacement of human from material production. The criteria of economic rationality will be receding into the background, since they do not prevent man-made environmental degradation and do not ensure meeting the real, but not imaginary or pretended needs. Economy, therefore, will be replaced by noonomy that is a non-economic mode of organization of production activity. People from the outside will regulate production as the external sphere for them. Since human is eliminated the production process, social relationships will no longer be determined by human participation in production activities. The research results are of value when developing the fundamentals of new technological revolution and conceiving the role of reindustrialization in this context.

Since state action through economic policies is fundamental for the technological and productive advancement of a country, this paper presents the trajectory of South Korean and Brazilian industrial policy along the technological paradigm of microelectronics. The objective is to explain how the eastern country has achieved productive and technological capacities along six five-year economic development plans, especially in the microelectronics sector. In the case of Brazil, the article exposes the delay of industrial policy with the change of technological paradigm and the consequent dismantling of the sector in the country. The results indicate that the institutional articulation between industrial policy and companies is fundamental for the creation of technological capacities in a new paradigm.

Based on the evolving trends in software and IT technologies, smart sensors managing plant and animal development, local meteorological stations transmitting signal information on weather change, robotics, etc., the agricultural system has, in general, actively started exploiting the fifth technological paradigm using some of the sixth pattern's elements associated with nanobiotechnology, generation of target plants and animals, etc. The surveys were performed in order to analyze the cyclicity in certain phases of technique and technology evolution across different technological paradigms of agricultural production. Future development of the industry, particularly dairy farming, should be based on creating high-efficient sustainable digital outcome-based agricultural companies with a concept of converging nano-bio-info-co-technologies, internet of things, and artificial intelligence systems. The strategy of cyclicity in developing certain phases and organizational-economic forms across different technological paradigms may be used to predict the evolution of machinery and the agrotechnology system with a growing consumer demand for high-quality natural organic products of crop and livestock farming, taking into consideration the need for maintaining a certain equilibrium in evolution between different management systems. Mathematical models of main variations for a shift from the livestock mechanization technologies to the robotic process automation in dairy farming taken as an example have been developed based on the theory of algebra of logic. It is reasonable to use the principle of additivity with the phased applications of the information communication component and the biosensor system to the industrial setting (tractors, farm machinery, milking machines, etc.) through functional upgrading of the agrotechnologies in order to avoid their higher capital intensity and intraparadigm frequent changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Progress is one of the most recognizable characteristics of modern times. The present paper addresses the question of progress as the underlying theme of the encyclical Laudato si'. Progress has both good and bad sides. The latter are expressed in terms that have a fundamental significance to the encyclical, such as, “irrational faith in progress” and “the myth of unlimited material progress”. In order to gain a clearer understanding of those terms, the author begins with outlining the history of the idea of progress and the philosophical criterion for its assessment. Then, he provides a critical analysis of the technocratic paradigm embodying the false face of progress. Within this framework, progress is presented as imperative and unlimited. However, by placing man in the centre and reducing his purpose in life to a relativistic principle “use and throw away”, it leads to a global ecological, spiritual and cultural crisis. The following part of the paper is devoted to a new model of progress proposed by Pope Francis. This type of progress has both a vertical and horizontal dimension. Embedded in the Holy Trinity, it reaches its peak in Jesus Christ and it promotes human life and protects the work of creation. Its fruit is to be individual concern for the poor and greater justice between nations. It cannot be achieved without changing the mentality (conversion) and specific individual and political decisions. The last part of the article answers the question about the novelty of the model of progress proposed by Pope Francis.

Through a review of the Ecuadorian science, technology and innovation surveys and of several empirical studies on Ecuador; this article describes the Ecuadorian business sector, its science and technology organizations and their interactions; with the objective of examining the capacity of the Ecuadorian innovation system to move towards a productive structure based on the use of knowledge. The analysis indicates that Ecuador does not yet have an innovation system with learning capacity, which allows such a transition, when the technological conditions are propitious.

Using the example of the Southern Federal District, this article offers a multifaceted, comprehensive study of the trends and constraints of the Fourth Industrial Revolution in Russia's regions, and prescribes practical recommendations for how Russia's regions may adapt to the technological shift occurring in the world. The methodology of the study is based on an integrated-comparative analysis of the strategic development of the regions of the Southern Federal District during Russia's transition to a digital economy. As part of the study, a sociological survey of 547 respondents was conducted on the topic of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Iberoamericana de Ciencia, Tecnologia y Sociedad is the property of Centro de Estudios sobre Ciencia, Desarrollo y Educacion Superior and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article aims to reflect about science communication in present society. Two main concepts are the basis to this article: (1) the paradigm of complexity, developed by Edgar Morin, which refers a fragmented, specialized and introspective scientific practice; and, (2) the technological paradigm of Manuel Castells, which proposes a social organization model based on a network society. From this point, it is presented a theoretical reflection about science as a social issue, with the scope of understand the influence of technology in the relation between science and society and in the specific field of science communication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Espacios is the property of Talleres de Impresos Oma and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Since the Second World War the US defense has been a major participant in the development of radical innovations in information and communication technologies (ICT's), most famously probably the digital computer and the internet. A regularly present, but less known creator of R&D innovations is the intelligence community. To understand the role and impact of defense and intelligence-related research for driving ICT innovations, we analyzed which technological paradigms were promoted by US defense and intelligence agencies and the development of these research trajectories over time. Using bibliographic analysis, we clustered 82,239 scientific papers funded by the US national security system, published between 2009–2017, in research fronts, and after that aggregated the research fronts into technological paradigms. Our analysis identified main technological paradigms promoted by the US defense's sectoral system of innovation, such as quantum science and graphene as fields that could generate high impact in the new generation of radical technologies. The efforts of intelligence agencies was highly concentrated on quantum science, social forecasting, computer cognition and signal processing. Our research highlights the role of US security players in shaping research fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is shown that the fabrication of large glass-fiber reinforced plastic parts by means of transfer molding technologies makes it possible to solve technical problems that cannot be solved by using other materials. The development of accessible technologies and equipment for efficient recycling of such parts will make glass-fiber reinforced plastic a sixth technological paradigm material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Der Artikel diskutiert Hindernisse für einen Strukturwandel zu einer ökologisch nachhaltigen Wirtschaftsweise auf der Produktebene. In einem agentenbasierten Modell wird eine Marktsituation mit Lock-in-Effekten simuliert, welche das technologische Paradigma eines verschmutzenden Produktionsprozesses gegenüber einer neu in den Markt eintretenden Öko-Innovation festigen. Konsumenten haben die Möglichkeit, über ihre Konsumwahl Einfluss auf den Strukturwandel zu nehmen. Dazu unterscheiden sie die ihnen angebotenen Produkte aufgrund von räumlichen, sozialen, ökonomischen und ökologischen Kriterien. Simulationen des Modells zeigen den Einfluss heterogener und homogener Konsumpräferenzen auf das Niveau an Umweltverschmutzung und die Adoptionsraten des umweltfreundlichen Produktes auf.

Because of the impending energy crisis and the environmental problems caused by the excessive use of fossil fuels, biofuels produced from renewable energy biomass have been playing a more significant role in the world. This follows from their obvious environmental and economic advantages. Bioethanol, the most widely used transportation biofuel, is typically derived from plant-based feedstock sources such wheat, sugar beet, corn, straw, and wood. However, the main problem with bioethanol production is that despite the range of feedstock, raw material availability varies considerably from season to season, as there is no systematic framework. By combining technological paradigm theory with literature mining, we found that bioethanol feedstock production development has followed a three-stage trajectory, which is in accordance with the traditional technological paradigm – the S-curve. This new curve can be divided into BFDP (bioethanol feedstock development paradigm) competition, BFDP diffusion, and BFDP shift. Each phase has a different generation of feedstock; first-generation bioethanol in BFDP competition, second-generation bioethanol in BFDP diffusion, and third-generation bioethanol in BFDP shift. Further, based on the technological support, literature mining, and a realistic background, the second-generation bioethanol (mainly lignocellulosic biomass) is expected to continue to be a significant future trend in the world. The new BFDP framework presented in this paper may provide scholars with research ideas for the future.

The continuing dependence on fossil fuels and the rising energy use in the transport sector have resulted in increased research into viable transport biofuels to mitigate climate change and improve energy security. As transport biofuels now only have a small share of the transport sector energy supply and the complexity in providing the fuels because of issues related to available land and food security, this paper develops conversion path solutions for transport biofuel development based on a technological paradigm study. A data-driven approaches system (DAS) that combines visualization analyses with technological paradigm theory is proposed to reveal the key areas and trends in transport biofuels. Timeline, timezones, and cluster visualizations identified the transport biofuel technological paradigm (TBTP) from current transport biofuel developments; a pre-shift phase (including TBTP competition and TBTP diffusion) and a shift phase (TBTP shift), which respectively relate to conventional biofuels, advanced biofuels, and biofuel cells. However, from further DAS trend analyses and the practical findings, electric energy trends were revealed, indicating that there was a paradigm shift from the biofuel paradigm to a bio-electric energy paradigm. From the developed bio-electric energy framework, both indirect and direct methods were found to have led to an this electric energy conversion to an e-bio fuel cell vehicle for fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEV) and bioelectricity for electric vehicles (EV), both of which can contribute to a low-carbon, sustainable transportation future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coal mining technology directly affects coal production quantity and quality, which in turn affects global energy supplies, especially in rapidly urbanizing, industrializing economies. In this research, a coal production technological diffusion mathematical model is proposed, the results from which indicated that while total coal production is expected to decline in the following decades, coal will continue to provide a sizable share of global prime energy to meet the expected energy demands. A general data analysis was conducted to fully understand coal mining technological paradigmatic development and future necessary improvements to ensure more efficient, environmentally-friendly coal production. It was found that the coal mining technological paradigm followed a three-stage trajectory; competition, diffusion, and shift; in accordance with the traditional technological paradigm S-curve, and underground coal gasification (UCG) related technologies were identified as the main development direction for coal mining technologies. An integrated energy exploitation approach for ecological coal mining was then designed to deal with current environmental and energy returns on investment problems, to improve performance, and to act as a foundation for future UCG technological developments. Some policy recommendations are given to guide the implementation of the proposed ecologically oriented integrated coal mining system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photonic technologies are often advertised as capable of revolutionizing our lives in the near future. However, the exact meaning of the word "photonics" as well as the scope of the field remain unclear. The term was born in the 1970s in both France and the Netherlands where various scholarly communities began research into the phenomenon. Some resulting technologies started circulating in industry and academia and the concept of photonics became very successful in the late 1980s when photons were supposed to replace electrons in every‐day technologies. The failure of optical computing damaged the reputation of photonics in the 1990s but the term lived on as it merged with sister terms such as electro‐optics and optoelectronics. The key problem with photonics is the breadth of its scope. Some argue it is the science of light, others consider it an economic category. Generally, photonics covers lasers, optical fibers as well as solar energy and LEDs. It seems that the only conceptual tool capable of addressing this complexity is that of technological paradigms, which Ernest Sternberg applied to photonics in 1992. Sternberg's approach can help to clarify the epistemological boundaries of the name "photonics," even when addressing this complex area from a 21st century stand point. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]