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Smart materials represent an emerging and highly exploited category, particularly in the creation of textiles that can sense and respond to various external stimuli, such as temperature or humidity. This study introduces for the first time the hygroscopic elongation and drying shrinkage properties of stimulus-responsive single-component polyamide (PA) fibers copolymerized with polyetherdiamine and diethylenetriamine (DETA). PA copolymers containing 5–15% polyetherdiamine were comprehensively characterized, including nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), relative viscosity, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analyses. Subsequently, these PA copolymers were successfully melt-spun into fibers and knitted into double-layered fabrics. PA fibers containing 15% polyetherdiamine showed significant results, with a moisture-absorbing elongation of 15.6% and a drying shrinkage of 94.9%. The Qmax and moisture regain of the PA fabric are 0.206 W·cm–2 and 4.4%, respectively. These moisture-driven, fiber-based smart textiles exhibit changes in breathability and shape retention at different humidity levels, thereby maintaining a more comfortable microclimate. Such textiles have great potential for widespread use in clothing, helping to improve comfort and adaptability.

Three-dimensional (3D) woven and knitted spacer fabrics have emerged as significant advancements in the field of technical textiles, driven by notable progress made by the textile industry. These unique fabrics possess desirable characteristics that render them suitable for various technical applications. As we look towards the future, spacer fabrics are expected to find innovative applications in various functional products. However, despite the growing interest in their use in the technical textile sector, comprehensive reviews exploring their potential are lacking. Therefore, this review aims to fill this gap in the existing literature by examining the potential of 3D woven and knitted spacer fabrics in technical textiles. It provides a comprehensive exploration of their fabrication techniques, properties, key parameters, and potential applications in technical textiles. This review highlights that woven spacer fabrics exhibit high integrity and stability, making them suitable for composite reinforcement. On the other hand, knitted spacer fabrics offer a higher air-trapping capacity and a double-faced nature, leading to their extensive use in cushions, medical textiles, and protective technical textiles. Additionally, this review provides valuable insights for researchers and manufacturers interested in harnessing the potential of spacer fabrics for various functional products in the field of technical textiles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Novel research has been conducted on Aloe vera, focusing on stems fiber (agricultural waste), for the extraction of cellulosic fiber, an area lacking prior scientific exploration. This fiber is being reported for the first time in the scientific community. Aloe barbadensis Miller variety was subjected to various cultivation methods, including the application of inorganic and organic fertilizers, along with the removal of lower leaves to promote stem growth. Stem fibers were extracted using the water retting method and subsequently analyzed. The moisture content was 55.35 % and 6.99 % ash content in the fibers. The bacteriostatic analysis of Aloe vera fibers was assessed against four bacterial strains, with both ethanol and water extracts showing varying degrees of inhibition zones. The UV–Visible spectrum exhibited a distinct λmax at 247 nm in ethanol, while FT-IR analysis provided characteristic peaks at 3759, 1590, 1750, 1663, 1250, 564, SEM images displayed the smooth surface morphology of the fibers, and X-ray diffraction analysis indicated a high degree of crystallinity (78.67 %), suggesting a well-structured and crystalline nature. Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis was conducted to determine the elemental composition of the fibers, revealing the presence of carbon, oxygen, calcium, and copper, with carbon being the predominant element in cellulose. These results showed promising properties suggesting potential applications in textile industry as an alternative sustainable natural cellulosic fiber.

Jute is a natural renewable fibrous biomass that has long been used as a raw material in the manufacture of packaging items. It resembles both cotton and wood. It features a diversified fibre with soft and firm fibre properties. A diverse range of vertical and horizontal environmentally friendly products can be manufactured using its biodegradable, photodegradable, thermally degradable, high strength, non-plastic, nontoxic, high-water and ultraviolet-absorbing capacities, visco-electricity, and crystalline cellulosic properties. Its extra geotextile and technical textile potential is represented by its porosity, permeability, capillarity, and hydraulic characteristics. Crystalline hardness and brittleness, on the other hand, are particularly promising for a variety of composite goods that can replace glass, carbon, asbestos, wood, and synthetic composite materials. The purpose of this study is to investigate the environmentally beneficial features and applications of Jute products in a modern era where people are unduly dependant on nondegradable plastic materials (Petrochemical products). Jute products are not only environmentally friendly and help to decrease soil climatic deterioration. As rapid climate change and global warming have become a major concern and challenge for sustainable and eco-friendly development in the twenty-first century, the reduction of carbon footprint, water footprint in buildings/constructions, and green technology is currently gaining global attention (Abdullah & Rahman, 2018). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Conductive fabrics are important because they can be used to create clothing and other textiles that can conduct electricity, allowing them to be used in various applications such as wearable technology, medical devices, and military equipment. The use of hydrogels for the development of conductive fabrics can increase the possibilities to enhance its usage in various fields, especially in the biomedical industry. In this study, cotton non-woven alginate conductive hydrogel is synthesized by sol-gel method. Three different concentrations of sodium alginate (0.5%, 1%, and 1.5%) and silver nitrate (05%, 10%, and 15%) were used to analyse their impact on performance of non-woven conductive hydrogel. These prepared composite structures of conductive hydrogels were characterized by employing surface resistance testing, X-rays diffraction, SEM and FTIR spectroscopy. The results showed that the composite with 1% wt. of sodium alginate with 15% wt. of silver nitrate has the best surface resistivity values below 100 Ohm per square. This non-woven conductive hydrogel has the potential to be used in smart textiles and other technical textiles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the use of cotton and polyester scraps to produce nonwoven fabrics via the needle-punching method in order to create packaging to preserve fruit. Firstly, the fiber properties were investigated. The needle-punching approach was then used to produce nonwovens, which underwent testing to determine their properties. The nonwovens were then used to create open-ended bags of two fabric types: perforated and non-perforated. These bags were used to wrap three different fruit types: Kimju guava, pear, and tomato. A color meter spectrophotometer was used to obtain the systematic color values for the fruits using C.I.E. LAB (L∗a∗b∗). The color values were obtained and used to compare color change (ΔE). The testing results for the effective length of the cotton and polyester fibers showed respective values of 20 mm and 33.7 mm, while the cotton fiber resolution was 1.21 denier. Three nonwoven fabrics were produced for analysis: cotton fibers, poly-cotton blends, and polyester fibers. Their respective weights per unit area were 82 g/m2, 96 g/m2, and 90 g/m2. It could be determined that the polyester nonwovens provided the most suitable physical properties, including thickness of 1.49 mm and air permeability of 160 cm3/s/cm2. The force required to rear the fabric in the longitudinal direction was 29.44 N, while in the transverse direction it was 24.532 N. The longitudinal and transverse breaks measured 236.844 and 220.448 mm, respectively. It was not possible to obtain results for the puncture test because the nonwoven fabric was too thin and weak. Testing of the fruit preservation qualities of the nonwoven protective wrappings over a ten-day duration revealed that perforated cotton was best for Kimju guava and tomato preservation, with the recorded color change (ΔE) indicating the superiority of this nonwoven fabric over the alternatives.

Copyright of Journal of Polytechnic is the property of Journal of Polytechnic and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This work aimed to obtain jute fabrics suitable for the production of inexpensive technical textiles by using simple alkali treatments. The influences of alkali concentration (1–17.5 % NaOH) and treatment duration (5–30 min) on the fabrics' compression properties, abrasion resistance, and sound absorption coefficient were studied in detail. With increasing the treatment severity, the fabric compressibility decreases by 19.6–33.9 % due to increased fabric compactness. In parallel, the fiber crystallinity index and hemicellulose content decrease, while the fibers' interfibrillar regions become less dense and less rigid contributing to 19.0–27.0 % better recoverability after compression. The mercerized fabrics possessed a notably lower mass loss (4.1–5.9 %) after 750 abrasion cycles compared to the other investigated fabrics (18.9–30.9 %), which could be ascribed to the higher friction forces existing between the yarns within the mercerized fabrics and between the fibers within the yarns, as well as higher elongation at maximum force. In the case of the fabrics treated for 5 or 15 min with different NaOH concentrations, their mass losses during abrasion decrease with increasing the elementary fiber liberation, while the sound absorption coefficients increase with increasing the fabric compactness. Mercerized fabrics are capable of absorbing about 28 % to 2.7 times (at 990 Hz) and 2.0 to 2.4 times (at 4090 Hz) higher mechanical sound energy compared to the untreated fabric. The jute fabric mercerized during 30 min could be used for the production of carpet backings, while those mercerized during 5 min is the most suitable for the production of sound-absorbing materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Novel research has been conducted on Aloe vera , focusing on stems fiber (agricultural waste), for the extraction of cellulosic fiber, an area lacking prior scientific exploration. This fiber is being reported for the first time in the scientific community. Aloe barbadensis Miller variety was subjected to various cultivation methods, including the application of inorganic and organic fertilizers, along with the removal of lower leaves to promote stem growth. Stem fibers were extracted using the water retting method and subsequently analyzed. The moisture content was 55.35 % and 6.99 % ash content in the fibers. The bacteriostatic analysis of Aloe vera fibers was assessed against four bacterial strains, with both ethanol and water extracts showing varying degrees of inhibition zones. The UV-Visible spectrum exhibited a distinct λ max at 247 nm in ethanol, while FT-IR analysis provided characteristic peaks at 3759, 1590, 1750, 1663, 1250, 564, SEM images displayed the smooth surface morphology of the fibers, and X-ray diffraction analysis indicated a high degree of crystallinity (78.67 %), suggesting a well-structured and crystalline nature. Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis was conducted to determine the elemental composition of the fibers, revealing the presence of carbon, oxygen, calcium, and copper, with carbon being the predominant element in cellulose. These results showed promising properties suggesting potential applications in textile industry as an alternative sustainable natural cellulosic fiber., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)

This study presents an analysis of the possible use of a viscose rayon (CV) fiber from textile industry wastes to develop a reinforced cementitious composite as an alternative for textile discharge valorization. Several techniques were used to characterize precursor fibrous waste material such as SEM, FT-IR, DSC, and TGA. The experimental studies were conducted based on a conventional cementitious mortar (control) and four different fiber contents (0.5, 1, 2, and 4 wt%). For mechanical behavior analysis, uniaxial compressive strength tests were carried out at different ages (7, 14, and 28 days after production). The results showed favorable CV fiber addition as reinforcement up to a maximum limit. The optimum concentration of fiber was 0.5 wt% (FRC0.5), which provided 28 days of higher compression strength. The addition of CV waste as reinforcement in cementitious matrix resulted in an improved compressive strength above 20.6% compared to the conventional non-reinforced mortar. Furthermore, CV fiber addition improved the ductile behavior of the new composite allowing a controlled failure, even after maximum rupture loading. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study is to analyze the impact behavior on the basis of energy approach of weft knitted structures, namely a jersey composite and an auxetic composite using high performance yarns. Weft knitted fabrics were produced with the same structural and machine parameters, using 100% para-aramid and hybrid (47% para-aramid and 53% polyamide) structure. Composite fabrication was achieved through hand lay-up using epoxy resin. Negative Poisson ratio of the reinforcing auxetic fabric was transferred from the fabric to the composite developed. Results obtained by drop weight dart impact test show that the impact experiment with different impact loads confirmed the auxetic composites, regardless de material composition, have an increase in the total energy absorption compared to jersey reinforced composite, approximately 2.5 and 4 times more for para-aramid and hybrid composite, respectively. Auxetic composites developed within this work present great potential for applications in different areas, mainly where energy absorption is a key factor to be considered, such as in protection, sports among others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research is focused on hollow polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fibers and fabrics. The aim of hollow section fibers application is a textile contribution to weight reduction of the whole vehicle. CO2 emissions consequences and awareness of companies to environmental issues are driving studies on the direction of vehicle weight reduction, according to recent European regulations. For this purpose, fabrics composed of hollow fibers have been produced and characterized. In order to be applied as seats covers for the automotive sector, they have been compared to current production woven fabrics. Tensile, tear strength tests and aesthetic and structural abrasion have been carried out. The performance of hollow fibers PET fabrics is slightly lower than full section fabrics, but completely acceptable according to automotive requirements. Its specific application can be evaluated.

Copyright of Industria Textila is the property of Institutul National de Cercetare-Dezvoltare pentru Textile si Pielarie and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper aims to explore the industrial environment of petrochemicals and technical textile in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, where it links the abundant availability of synthetic polymer, as a "national wealth" of high quality and sustainability standards, with its importance in the technical textile industry. The paper discusses the future trend and economic relevance of polymers and technical textile, as well as the challenges that face this industry in Saudi Arabia. Findings of this research, have pointed out that abundant availability of raw polymers in the Kingdom contributes to accelerating the manufacturing process of technical textile. In addition, it has also indicated that the Kingdom has natural and economic environment, favorable to the technical textile industry that relies on cutting-edge technology which eliminated the need to hire great number of technicians. In addition, the manufacturing process of technical textile now relies on thermal processes instead of water as an alternative to preserve the water wealth, thus, making the Saudi natural and economic environment favorable to this industry. The research has also highlighted the Kingdom's development plans as well as its future vision that aims to promote the petrochemical industries and enhance various respective products, given their economic and investment strength that contributes to the growth of non-oil industries in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The knee is the most often injured body part in alpine skiing. The loads on different structures of the knee, and thus the risk of injury, is influenced by the flexion angle of the knee joint. A mechatronic ski binding continuously supplied with information about the knee joint’s flexion angle could adjust its release settings to react to the situation appropriately. In this study, a silicon-based piezoresistive sensor fibre and capacitive silicon sensor were compared with respect to their ability to measure the knee flexion angle. Each sensor type was incorporated in base layer compression pants. These sensor-underwear-systems were validated using a flexion test rig and in a human subject test (n = 20). The pants with capacitive sensors performed better, as they were more accurate (e.g. mean error 3.4° ± 5.1° of the capacitive sensor vs. 10.6° ± 7.5° of the resistive sensor in the human subject test) and had fewer hysteresis effects. Flexible sensors integrated into compression underwear can provide valuable data of the knee angles for performance measurements in sports or safety systems, and thus may help to reduce knee injuries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Women's breasts contain limited anatomic support. Sporting activities create an excessive movement of breasts. It causes generation of continuous stress on the cooper ligaments. Excessive stress on cooper ligaments creates discomfort, pain, embarrassment and also causes the breasts to sag. The effectiveness in reducing breast movement depends on various factors. The factors are related to breast sizes, breast stiffness, running and jumping speed of sport woman and fabric structural parameters by which sports bra are made. However, no work has investigated and characterized spacer fabric based on the curvature of inner body parts under the bra. Characterization of spacer fabric is required on the basis of the real life simulation. The reaction force acting on the breasts during spherical compression of spacer fabric needs to be analyzed. Air and moisture transmission through the fabric, thermal resistance and moisture management properties also need to be characterized along with compression properties. Samples were developed to characterize spacer fabric for the above requirement. This paper analyzes to understand the behavior of warp knitted spacer fabric for spherical compression with different diameter of the spheres and its thermal, air and moisture related comfort characteristics. Finite Element Analysis (FEA) is also done for compression properly of spacer fabric. It is concluded that spacer fabric may be considered as a very effective component of sports bra for controlling breast movement without compromising with comfort of sports women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Flexible solid-state yarn supercapacitors were fabricated using commercial carbon fiber and activated carbon fiber. Two methods of yarn construction were studied. One was twisting carbon fiber and activated carbon fiber together (plied yarn), and the other was wrapping activated carbon fiber on carbon fiber (wrapped yarn). Electrochemical measurements in terms of cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge/discharge (GC) and electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were conducted. The result revealed that the cord-yarn structure performed better than the core-spun yarn structure, by showing a specific length capacitance of 82 mF cm−1 at 2 mVs−1. It also exhibited a high specific length energy density of 20.4 μW h cm−1 at a power density of 60 μW cm−1. There was little capacitance reduction when the cord-yarn supercapacitor was bent or crumpled, showing an excellent mechanical flexibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prior to adoption of the pelvic protection system (PPS), one of the signature injuries suffered by H.M. Armed Forces who served in Afghanistan was caused by buried improvised explosive devices (IEDs) accelerating secondary fragmentation from the ground environment into the groin, perineum, genitals, buttocks and legs of personnel. In the current work, a test method was developed which considered the combined effects of explosive blast and fragment loading of targets of Tier 2 PPS. The work identified that it is possible to explosively propel fragments of the ground environment into the specimens of Tier 2 PPS and to analyse each specimen. In doing so, a scenario peculiar to the IED threat faced in Afghanistan was able to be replicated. Such work allows insights into injuries suffered and will assist in the development of future protective clothing systems that require dual blast and fragment protective properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Son yıllarda yaşanan ekonomik ve teknolojik gelişmelere bağlı olarak insan ihtiyaç ve istekleri hızla değişmektedir. Bu gelişmeler insan yaşamına kolaylıklar sağlarken, öte taraftan doğal yaşamı ve çevreyi olumsuz şekilde etkilemektedir. Bu olumsuz gelişmelerin bir neticesi olarak; kanser gibi bazı ciddi rahatsızlıklarda artış gözlemlenmektedir. Afrika ülkeleri başta olmak üzere birçok üçüncü dünya ülkesinde salgın hastalıkların oranında artış görülmektedir. Gelecek nesillere daha güzel ve sağlıklı bir dünya bırakmak için hastalıkların çabuk iyileşmesine yardımcı olan ve salgınları engelleyebilecek tekstil ürünlerinin kullanımına dikkat etmek gerekmektedir. Bu bağlamda, tıbbi tekstillere gereken önemin verilmesi oldukça önemlidir.

Son yıllarda yaşanan ekonomik ve teknolojik gelişmelere bağlı olarak insan ihtiyaç ve istekleri hızla değişmektedir. Bu gelişmeler insan yaşamına kolaylıklar sağlarken, öte taraftan doğal yaşamı ve çevreyi olumsuz şekilde etkilemektedir. Bu olumsuz gelişmelerin bir neticesi olarak; kanser gibi bazı ciddi rahatsızlıklarda artış gözlemlenmektedir. Afrika ülkeleri başta olmak üzere birçok üçüncü dünya ülkesinde salgın hastalıkların oranında artış görülmektedir. Gelecek nesillere daha güzel ve sağlıklı bir dünya bırakmak için hastalıkların çabuk iyileşmesine yardımcı olan ve salgınları engelleyebilecek tekstil ürünlerinin kullanımına dikkat etmek gerekmektedir. Bu bağlamda, tıbbi tekstillere gereken önemin verilmesi oldukça önemlidir.

Copyright of Journal of Textile & Apparel / Tekstil ve Konfeksiyon is the property of Tekstil ve Konfeksiyon and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

An approach to harvesting electrical energy from a mechanically excited piezoelectric element has been described. The topic of this paper studies the most important properties of piezoelectric polymer polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) in energy harvesting. We have chosen to develop a recovery application within the clothes. By the use of a piezoelectric energy harvester capable to convert the mechanical energy produced by the knee during walking to an electrical energy. This will be achieved by replacing the traditional textile of the kneepad with the one that is made of the technical textile based on acrylic knitted and PVDF as a patch stuck on the textile. Furthermore, PVDF has many unique features, such as excellent mechanical behavior, large strain without structure fatigue, which enables it to act strongly as the load bearing member, and corrosion resistance. The technical textile, functioning as multifunctional wearable human interfaces, is considered today as a useful tool in several energy fields. In this paper, a smart structure based on piezoelectric polymer (PVDF) has been presented, which a power analytical model, based on the frequency, the geometrical parameters and other factors were investigated. Furthermore, the set of numerical results illustrating the harvested power for a given size of the device has been performed and discussed and how this harvested power may be used as a source for a wearable device. Finally, the theory presented in this study can be used for the realization of other optimal designs, for a wearable sensor with low consumption and so on. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper deals with the measurements of thermal, optical and mechanical properties for aged textiles. The use of textiles for building temporary shelters is a widespread common practice for the protection of archaeological sites. Temporary shelters often become long-term structures, because of the necessity of prolonged excavation and the need to gather sufficient resources to design and build a permanent shelter. Materials and structures of temporary shelters are often less expensive (and, unfortunately, less durable) than permanent ones: their major advantages consist in their flexibility, modularity, easy and fast assembly and dismounting, reversibility, low impact on the soil and ruins and impermeability. Therefore, the authors studied the effects of ageing on a very common and low cost textile for temporary shelters in a polluted environment through the heating test, reflectance spectrometry, colorimetry and uniaxial mechanical tests, with the aim of exploring the potential applications of fabrics that usually do not fit with high mechanical stress but have a widespread use for small structures. The authors used an integration of non-destructive tests in three ageing conditions and, due to their destructivity, they applied the mechanical tests only in the initial and final ageing condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Tekstil: Journal of Textile & Clothing Technology is the property of Croatian Association of Textile Engineers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)