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Copyright of German International Journal of Modern Science / Deutsche Internationale Zeitschrift für Zeitgenössische Wissenschaft is the property of Artmedia24 and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study evaluated the accuracy of an electronic monitoring system for assessing hand hygiene in a clinical setting in relation to direct observations. An electronic monitoring system was installed in a surgical ward at a tertiary hospital in Sweden. Hand hygiene events registered by the system were compared with direct observations conducted simultaneously by a trained observer following the World Health Organization's "My five moments for hand hygiene". A 4-step protocol was developed to evaluate the system's ability to accurately monitor hand hygiene in a clinical setting. A total of 947 opportunities for hand hygiene were observed during June to December 2019. Of these, 484 opportunities were correctly captured by the electronic monitoring system and included in the calculations for accuracy. Sensitivity was 90.2% with a positive predictive value of 95.7%, while specificity was 50.0% with a negative predictive value of 29.0%. Overall accuracy was 87.1%. Evaluating technical systems assessing hand hygiene in clinical settings is hampered by several challenges. The 4-step protocol helped to identify the limitations and strengths of the evaluated electronic monitoring system, revealing high accuracy while also detecting system errors. • An electronic monitoring system was evaluated in a clinical setting. • A 4-step protocol was developed to identify limitations and strengths of the system. • The electronic monitoring system had an overall high accuracy (87.1%). • The sensitivity of the system was 90.2% with a positive predictive value of 95.7%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Food Safety & Quality is the property of Journal of Food Safety & Quality Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of German International Journal of Modern Science / Deutsche Internationale Zeitschrift für Zeitgenössische Wissenschaft is the property of Artmedia24 and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study aims to elucidate the state of research on mobility within socio-educational and technical systems through a comprehensive analysis of primary sources. The methodology employed includes the examination of primary sources, followed by their generalization and systematization, culminating in the synthesis of models. The findings are threefold: Firstly, we trace the evolution of the concept of mobility through scientific literature spanning the 19th to 21st centuries. Secondly, we offer interpretations of various types of mobility within socio-pedagogical and technical discourses. Lastly, we propose an integrative model of mobility tailored for the information society. Our research contributes to the field by providing a theoretical grounding for the interrelation of different types of mobility within socio-pedagogical and technical systems. The practical significance of this study lies in its introduction of new sources on the topic of mobility into scientific discourse.

Since 1989, the damage caused to buildings by the phenomenon of clay shrinkage and swelling has, in France, been the object of the so-called « natural disaster » regime (Cat-Nat). How do inhabitants experience the phenomenon? How do those who reside in affected areas experience this encounter with the earth element? What makes them sensitive to the soil on which their house is built? With what practical implications? Can bodily ties be felt? Why do they stay? What can be learnt in a permanent manner at home? Through this approach via soil and habitat, the paper aims to better understand how the parties concerned by material and technical systems try to perpetuate their utilization.

To be put into practice the concept of sustainable development there is a need to draft a general and flexible methodology by a systematic approach, which must consider specific conditions of observed systems. When considering energy supply systems their environmental impacts have an important role in the context of assuring human sustainability. For this goal, there is a need for specific environmental indicators to succeed rating environmental impacts of energy supply systems. By assessing mentioned impacts, it is possible to establish certain aims, to quantify them, to proof potential effects of specific measures needed to be introduced, and by this to support finally the decision-making process. Technology Assessment, as an instrument, which supports decision-making processes, can be applied in this regard. At the present time of ongoing debates regarding sustainable energy supply systems needed in the future it is in great demand to analyse and assess their environmental impacts. In this context, the European Green Deal has been adopted to try overcoming the challenges of environmental pollution and of climate change to succeed transforming energy supply activities into resource-efficient and sustainable ones. Corresponding methods for environmental impact assessment must be used, the ones based on establishing specific environmental footprints will be applied in present contribution for assessing environmental impacts of energy supply systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The urban transport network involves complex processes, operating 24 h a day and 365 days a year. The sustainable development of the urban transport network using electric buses and trolleybuses that run autonomously is an urgent task since the transport network performs integral social functions and is the transport artery of any urban center. The social and economic life of a city as a whole depends on the reliability of the transportation network. A theory is proposed for the technical and economic evaluation of reliability improvement in electric buses and trolleybuses running autonomously, which enables the determination of the reliability parameters of electric buses and forecasts for the future from the point of view of optimal economic costs for the operation of electric equipment in electric buses. As a result of the application of the proposed theory, it was found that increasing the reliability of the transportation fleet can lead to a decrease in both specific operating costs and capital investments in the development of the fleet. This is achieved as a result of increasing the annual productivity of vehicles by reducing the time they are out of service to eliminate the consequences of failures and carry out maintenance and repair. The conducted experiments confirmed that the theory and methodology of optimal reliability level selection not only enable the rational use of the material resources of the urban transport network but also the release of funds for its scientific and technical development by reducing the number of failures in the electrical equipment of transport systems by 14%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a domain of a safety increasing of railway and road traffic, hydraulic barrier drives installed at level crossings have an important role. Frequent traffic accidents at level crossings, involving road vehicles and trains, are result of inappropriately equipped level crossings with signalling and safety equipment. Limited use of hydraulic barrier drives is the result of complicated adaptation in the process of implementing such systems to the existing infrastructure of some of the equipment manufacturers and railway operators. Hydraulic barrier drive PBH21, which uses a modular architecture, was developed and designed in this paper. Applying modular design principles and functional modeling methods, using functional flow diagrams, PBH21 has ability to adapt on the technologies and infrastructures of other major manufacturers of such equipment within EU countries and other countries in the world that have developed railway infrastructure. Due to the protection of certain design solutions from competition, certain details are not presented in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pupils benefit from adaptive instruction and feedback from their teachers. A prerequisite for providing adaptive instruction is that teachers' diagnostic ability enables them to correctly perceive their pupils' skill level. A short course has been developed to improve primary school teachers' diagnostic ability for engineering. Based on Nickerson's anchoring and adjustment model, the participants became aware of the differences their own and pupils' use of information when constructing technical systems. The Fischer scale was used as a model to understand and identify pupils' development in using such information. The participants were given examples of pupils' reconstructions of technical systems. They were asked to evaluate these work products in four ways: relative and absolute, combined with intuitive and explicit. The results reveal that relative and absolute diagnoses can differ considerably for the same teacher and between teachers, depending on whether they are implicit or explicit. Post-test results show that the course improved the ability to explain the differences between pupils' use of information to construct a technical system. The course also had a strong, significant, positive impact on teachers' self-efficacy beliefs about technology education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a domain of a safety increasing of railway and road traffic, hydraulic barrier drives installed at level crossings have an important role. Frequent traffic accidents at level crossings, involving road vehicles and trains, are result of inappropriately equipped level crossings with signalling and safety equipment. Limited use of hydraulic barrier drives is the result of complicated adaptation in the process of implementing such systems to the existing infrastructure of some of the equipment manufacturers and railway operators. Hydraulic barrier drive PBH21, which uses a modular architecture, was developed and designed in this paper. Applying modular design principles and functional modeling methods, using functional flow diagrams, PBH21 has ability to adapt on the technologies and infrastructures of other major manufacturers of such equipment within EU countries and other countries in the world that have developed railway infrastructure. Due to the protection of certain design solutions from competition, certain details are not presented in this paper.

Copyright of Silva Lusitana is the property of Unidade de Investigacao de Silvicultura e Productos Florestais and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Smart building concepts are a relevant topic for the Ukrainian building sector. Although the current policy is mostly dedicated to the improvement of the current energy-saving situation in the building stock, the concept discussed could provide valuable inputs in the realization of the existing strategy. For an assessment of the expected positive impact of the implementation of smart indicators on building operation and renovation processes, as well as the predictions of scenarios of the range of the application of smart instruments, the research presented proposes a thorough analysis of the building stock in Ukraine and, in a real pilot case, the assessment of smart-readiness indicators (SRI) for a complex multi-family building. The case scenarios used, which are derived on the basis of SRI and a processed questionnaire among the habitants, are considered as the reference foundation for a practical application and disseminating the concept for similar cases.

The urban transport network involves complex processes, operating 24 h a day and 365 days a year. The sustainable development of the urban transport network using electric buses and trolleybuses that run autonomously is an urgent task since the transport network performs integral social functions and is the transport artery of any urban center. The social and economic life of a city as a whole depends on the reliability of the transportation network. A theory is proposed for the technical and economic evaluation of reliability improvement in electric buses and trolleybuses running autonomously, which enables the determination of the reliability parameters of electric buses and forecasts for the future from the point of view of optimal economic costs for the operation of electric equipment in electric buses. As a result of the application of the proposed theory, it was found that increasing the reliability of the transportation fleet can lead to a decrease in both specific operating costs and capital investments in the development of the fleet. This is achieved as a result of increasing the annual productivity of vehicles by reducing the time they are out of service to eliminate the consequences of failures and carry out maintenance and repair. The conducted experiments confirmed that the theory and methodology of optimal reliability level selection not only enable the rational use of the material resources of the urban transport network but also the release of funds for its scientific and technical development by reducing the number of failures in the electrical equipment of transport systems by 14%.

Copyright of Pixo: Revista de Arquitetura Cidade e Contemporaneidade is the property of Pixo Revista de Arquitetura Cidade e Contemporaneidade and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article considers the topical problem of resource optimization during the maintenance process of technical systems. In order to illustrate the methodology (URRAN) developed by Russian Railways JSC to solve this problem, automation and remote control systems are used as an example. Due to a total lack of resources and the infinite needs, the company faced the challenge of improving the efficiency of maintenance and repair of railway automation and remote control systems. The main difficulties in solving this problem in the context of limited financial resources are also associated with their sometimes irrational allocation and insufficient quality of technical maintenance of the automation and remote control infrastructure. The current approaches to resource management are not always effective. To improve the efficiency of resource and risk management and analysis of the reliability of transport infrastructure facilities, the methodology URRAN, that minimizes costs of the life cycle of devices and systems, has been developed. Such minimization can be achieved through the accurate mathematical formulation of optimization problems, the development of methods for their solution and the creation of appropriate software modules. The article formulates a number of optimization problems, the solution of which will improve the functioning of the automation and remote control facilities. In addition, the possible approaches for the effective solution of the formulated problems are proposed.

Terminal and airport facilities are highly intensive in terms of capital expenditure (CapEx) and operating expenses (OpEx) and have a substantial impact on airports' carbon footprint as well as their operational stability. Despite that, technical operations receive little attention in today's airport ops discussions, which is quite counterintuitive. Technical control centres (TCCs) are the epicentres of technical operations. The case study of Berlin Brandenburg Airport's Technical Control Centre demonstrates the steps of a successful transition. Four dimensions (people, processes, organisation and systems) are considered to achieve the objectives of a premium customer experience and technology leadership while operating under growing cost pressure. Three key factors supporting the development towards a smart control centre are identified: IT to ops integration, smart work environment and supply–demand alignment. The case study concludes with an outlook on upcoming challenges and chances to unlock the full potential of a state-of-the-art technical control centre, as Berlin's journey continues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Systems that perform a function are often referred to as technical systems. A technical system can consist of one or more subsystems. Technical systems are described using numbers, units and mathematical expressions. A special form of notation is dedicated to systems based on the laws of physics encompassed under the name Electromagnetism. The number of scientists for whom physics is not the primary profession and who study electromagnetism is constantly growing. Therefore, an unambiguous way of writing in accordance with the standards is extremely important. The international standard that defines Electromagnetism is ISO - IEC 80000-6: 2008 Quantities and units - Part 6: Electromagnetism. The International Organization for Standardization, in cooperation with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), enacts the above standard, which introduces order in the way of writing: names, symbols, and definitions for quantities and units of electromagnetism. The paper gives a brief overview of the role of ISO in Sustainable Development Goals. Furthermore, it provides an overview of all parts of ISO 80000 with special reference to IEC 80000-6: 2008 recommendations. In order to analyse the applicability of the standard, an analysis of published articles in five scientific journals during an arbitrarily selected year was performed. The numerical indicators of published papers, the average number of pages per paper and the percentage of elements in the papers for each of the journals are graphically presented. Finally, an assessment of the correct application of the standard in the respective journals was carried out. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), the avoidance and detection of failures such as flooding and dry‐out are crucial. Non‐destructive measurement approaches using magnetic sensors have been developed for this purpose. To reduce the number of sensors required to be installed in a PEMFC system for evaluation, we propose a control method for PEMFCs using the magnetic flux density as an index. The proposed method determines the failure conditions by calculating a simple current mapping with a reduced number of sensors. The results of four‐point magnetic flux densities under failure conditions and stable control using two‐point measurement indices are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The survey examines the current state of the speed gradient method, developed in the 1970–80s for synthesizing control and adaptation algorithms in nonlinear systems, as well as numerous applications of the method to solving scientific and engineering problems. Brief information about speed gradient algorithms and conditions of their applicability, optimality, and passivity are given. Applications of the method to problems of adaptive control and identification, nonlinear control, energy and nonlinear oscillation control, and control in network, multiagent, and distributed systems are discussed. Applications of the method to control of technical systems and to problems in physics, biology, and ecology are presented. Modern modifications and generalizations of the method are provided, including non-Euclidean speed gradient algorithms based on Lyapunov–Bregman functions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many modern technical systems consist of spatially distributed elements capable of information exchange. Informational interaction between the elements of such a system, as well as between the system and the external world, is carried out using structured binary data streams transmitted over communication lines. Analysis of the operation of such systems includes the extraction of information from binary data streams. The processing program must know exactly the structure of the stream. The traditional approach, with a description of the flow structure in the source code of processing programs, is associated with the need to change the program each time the data structure changes, which can lead to new errors. In addition, making changes to the program code can not always be done quickly enough. Transferring this information from the program to an external ontological description allows to eliminate need to change the source code when the stream structure changes. The main purpose of ontology in this case is to provide to converting program all the information necessary to convert a binary stream into a standard representation, convenient for further analysis. In real systems for describing the flow structure there is not enough data only about the addresses, dimensions and types of the transmitted parameters. For some parameters, it is required to know additional arguments for the functions of their conversion to physical quantities. Parameters can have complex rules of interpretation, which can be expressed in the form of logical models of knowledge representation. This article describes the process of developing an ontological description of heterogeneous data structures packaged in data exchange arrays for use by automatic data extraction systems. As an example, we consider the exchange of information when using multiplex channels, built on the basis of the standard GOST R 52070-2003. The extensible markup language XML is chosen as the language of ontology description.

This article presents the descriptive statistics of service life data of building elements, gathered through an international, European and Swiss literature review of LCA, LCC and other sources called “Real-Estate Management sources” that include building owners, banks, insurances, associations of tenants and owners, etc. Furthermore, the properties of the fitted lognormal distribution are given. The data are structured, using a hybrid decomposition (functional decomposition, according to the eBKP-H – SN506511 and material decomposition, as well). These data and the derived statistical distributions were used in a research study, in order to quantify the uncertainty and sensitivity of the LCA and LCC output, due to the variability of the building elements’ service lives.

Copyright of Cuadernos del Centro de Estudios de Diseño y Comunicación is the property of Cuadernos del Centro de Estudios de Diseno y Comunicacion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)