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Au début du xxe siècle, les nombreuses innovations techniques transforment le rapport de l’homme à l’espace, à la distance et au temps. L’automobile se démocratise et devient un sujet de prédilection pour les photographes modernistes. En 1931, les éditions Jacques Haumont publient La Route Paris-Biarritz, vue et photographiée par Germaine Krull, avec une préface de Claude Farrère. Ce récit présente la diversité du territoire parcouru. Mais il est aussi révélateur de la manière dont la technique – photographique et de déplacement – conditionne le voyage et son compte rendu. At the beginning of the 20th century, many technological innovations transformed man’s relationship to space, distance and time. The automobile is becoming more accessible. It became a predilection subject for modernist photographers. In 1931, the éditions Jacques Haumont published La Route Paris-Biarritz, seen and photographed by Germain Krull, with a preface by Claude Farrère. This book presents the diversity of the area travelled. But it is also a revealing example of how the technique – photographic and traveling – determines the journey and its narrative.

In 2015, randomized controlled trials (RCT) provided high-level evidence for the efficacy of endovascular thrombectomy in selected patients with acute ischemic stroke due to large vessel occlusion of the anterior circulation. Ever since, thrombectomy is strongly recommended for these patients and has been broadly implemented in clinical practice.To determine whether registry studies depicting real-life data provide additional information beyond RCTs.Literature review of RCTs and registry studies related to thrombectomy.Data from registry studies on thrombectomy are important to 1. evaluate whether RCT results can be directly transferred into clinical practice, 2. comparatively describe the efficacy of thrombectomy in patient groups underrepresented in RCTs, such as older patients, 3. compare device performances and assess technical developments, and 4. determine how treatment processes and outcomes change over time.Beyond RCTs, registry studies are imperative for the continuous analysis and improvement of treatment processes and outcomes as well as technical devices in daily clinical practice.HINTERGRUND: Fünf randomisiert kontrollierte Studien (RCTs) konnten 2015 die Wirksamkeit der Thrombektomie bei selektierten Schlaganfallpatienten mit akuten proximalen Gefäßverschlüssen der vorderen Strombahn belegen und führten zur flächendeckenden Implementierung der Thrombektomie in die klinische Praxis.Es soll der Mehrwert, der sich über RCTs hinaus aus der registerbasierten Erfassung von Daten aus der klinischen Praxis ergibt, dargestellt werden.Durch eine Literaturreview wurden RCTs und Registerstudien identifiziert und ihre Ergebnisse, wenn möglich, in Relation zueinander gesetzt.Daten aus Thrombektomieregisterstudien sind wichtig um 1. die Übertragung der Ergebnisse aus RCTs in die klinische Praxis beurteilen zu können, 2. die Wirksamkeit der Thrombektomie in Patientengruppen, die in randomisierten Studien unterrepräsentiert waren, z. B. ältere Patienten, zu beschreiben, 3. die Performance von Devices vergleichen oder technische Weiterentwicklungen beurteilen zu können sowie 4. die Versorgungsqualität über die Zeit darzustellen.Über RCTs hinaus sind Registerstudien von großer Bedeutung für die kontinuierliche Analyse und Verbesserung von Behandlungsprozessen sowie technischer Entwicklungen.

Electrowetting display (EWD) has promising prospects in the electronic paper industry due to it having superior characteristics, such as the ability to provide a comfortable reading experience and quick response. However, in real applications, there are also problems related to dielectric deterioration, excess power consumption, optical instability and narrow color gamut etc. This paper reviewed the existing challenges and recent progress made in terms of improving the optical performance and reliability of EWD. First, the principle of electrowetting applied in small and confined configurations is introduced and the cause of the failure of the dielectric layer is analyzed. Then, the function of the pixel structures is described to avoid display defects. Next, electric signal modulations are compared in terms of achieving good image quality and optical stability. Lastly, the methods are presented for color panel realization. It was concluded that multi-layer dielectrics, three-dimensional pixel structures, proper electric frequency-and-amplitude modulation and an RGB color panel are expected to resolve the current limitations and contribute to designing advanced reflective displays.

At the beginning of the 20th century, many technological innovations transformed man’s relationship to space, distance and time. The automobile is becoming more accessible. It became a predilection subject for modernist photographers. In 1931, the éditions Jacques Haumont published La Route Paris-Biarritz, seen and photographed by Germain Krull, with a preface by Claude Farrère. This book presents the diversity of the area travelled. But it is also a revealing example of how the technique – photographic and traveling – determines the journey and its narrative.

Ця стаття присвячена дослідженню специфіки перекладу тексту, який значно вирізняється з-поміж інших наукових текстів комбінуванням біологічного та технічного складників. Такі різновиди текстів з’явилися нещодавно та потребують ретельного дослідження. Цей текст характеризується не тільки цікавим і складним науковим викладом матеріалу, але й широким спектром специфічних медичних термінів, назвами людських органів, їх взаємодією та протезуванням, враховуючи новітні технічні розробки в організмі людини для заміни їх біологічних попередників. Переклад таких текстів викликає багато труднощів також тому, що перекладач повинен бути компетентним у сфері останніх медичних розробок сьогодення, що часто стає важким завданням для нього (або неї), адже з таким стрімким розвитком науково-технічного прогресу майже не можливо бути обізнаним з усіма сучасними науковими розробками. Медична сфера є однією з найскладніших для перекладачів, адже потребує наявності базових знань із біології, хімії, фармакології та медицини. У світі сучасних новітніх технологій і науково-технічного прогресу, стрімкого розвитку науки медичні винаходи та відкриття вимагають від перекладачів, які працюють у цій сфері, неабиякої сумлінної підготовки та знань у цій галузі. Не слід забувати також про те, що з появою нових винаходів, обладнання та технологій перекладачу необхідно не тільки надати достовірний та адекватний переклад, а й пояснити, чим є той чи інший термін або якесь новітнє медичне обладнання чи винахід, вдаючись до засобу конкретизації при перекладі. В іншому випадку переклад просто не буде зрозумілим, що зробить роботу перекладача недостовірною, а переклад – некоректним. У наш час в процесі глобалізації та науково-технічного прогресу стає надзвичайно важливим питання мультикомпетенції перекладача. Кожен перекладач володіє своєю унікальною та специфічною комунікативною моделлю. І поява нових суміжних наукових галузей вимагає від кожного професіонала отримання нових навичок та оволодіння більшою кількістю знань у різних сферах перекладу. This article deals with the study of the specificity of text translation, which differs significantly from other scientific texts by means of combining both biological and technical components. Such variations of texts appeared not so long ago and require careful study. This text is characterized not only by an interesting and complex scientific presentation of the material, but also by a wide range of specific medical terms, names of human organs, their interaction and prosthetics, taking into account the latest technical developments in the sphere of human body for replacement of biological organs. It is well known that medical sphere is one of the most difficult for translators, because it requires at least some basic knowledge on biology, chemistry, pharmacology and medicine. With the advancement of scientific and technological progress, medicine began to interact with the latest technical developments of Western scientists and soon found itself in the sphere of translation, causing considerable demand for particularly this kind of translation. Nowadays, in the process of globalization and scientific and technological progress, the issue of translator’s multi-competence becomes extremely important. Globalization processes that have spread all over the world recently are contributing new knowledge and technologies to many countries, making the demand for translation in medical sphere extremely popular and necessary. However, there is a problem of finding a qualified professional who will be able to provide the client with an adequate kind of translation. In our research the medical text was explored as a combination of biological and technical components as a strongly unified combination into a single locus. We got used to the fact that these two scientific spheres (biological and technical) have always been separated from each other but this research explores the combination of these two spheres of science as the one united locus. According to the results of our research, such kind of texts can be useful for students as they can provide at least some minimal knowledge on both biological and technical spheres and can broaden their outlook. However this topic is rather new and needs more detailed exploration in future.

Sodium magnetic resonance imaging (23 Na-MRI) is a highly promising imaging modality that offers the possibility to noninvasively quantify sodium content in the tissue, one of the most relevant parameters for biochemical investigations. Despite its great potential, due to the intrinsically low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of sodium imaging generated by low in vivo sodium concentrations, low gyromagnetic ratio, and substantially shorter relaxation times than for proton (1 H) imaging, 23 Na-MRI is extremely challenging. In this article, we aim to provide a comprehensive overview of the literature that has been published in the last 10-15 years and which has demonstrated different technical designs for a range of 23 Na-MRI methods applicable for disease diagnoses and treatment efficacy evaluations. Currently, a wider use of 3.0T and 7.0T systems provide imaging with the expected increase in SNR and, consequently, an increased image resolution and a reduced scanning time. A great interest in translational research has enlarged the field of sodium MRI applications to almost all parts of the body: articular cartilage tendons, spine, heart, breast, muscle, kidney, and brain, etc., and several pathological conditions, such as tumors, neurological and degenerative diseases, and others. The quantitative parameter, tissue sodium concentration, which reflects changes in intracellular sodium concentration, extracellular sodium concentration, and intra-/extracellular volume fractions is becoming acknowledged as a reliable biomarker. Although the great potential of this technique is evident, there must be steady technical development for 23 Na-MRI to become a standard imaging tool. The future role of sodium imaging is not to be considered as an alternative to 1 H MRI, but to provide early, diagnostically valuable information about altered metabolism or tissue function associated with disease genesis and progression. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 1 TECHNICAL EFFICACY STAGE: 1.

For the correct choice of the ratio “investor- innovation-oriented scientific development”, i.e. which potential investor should be placed on the sale of a particular innovation-oriented scientific development, it is necessary to conduct: - technical analysis, on the basis of which the most suitable for this innovation- oriented scientific development technique and technology is determined ; - commercial analysis, covering the analysis of the sales market of the products that can be produced as a result of the implementation of an innovation-oriented scientific development ; - institutional analysis, whose task is to assess the legal, administrative and commercial environment in which innovation-oriented scientific developments will be implemented and adapt them to this environment ; - financial analysis.

International audience; Imaging-guided interventions or interventional radiology (IR) are intended to improve the efficiency and accuracy of the medical procedure regardless of the organ, as well as the safety and comfort of the patient. Currently IR concerns all medico-surgical specialties with a number of acts constantly increasing, and is today a major field of innovation that responds to a strong societal demand to move towards more and more effective treatments, but also less and less invasive. The ambulatory shift in IR is a major prospect of saving and improving the quality of care. In the field of innovations, technical developments are major for both guidance methods and interventional radiology equipment. These developments affect all organ pathologies, but it is certainly in the field of oncology that progress is fastest, with personalized medicine with new drugs targeted to optimize tolerance to treatment and maximize effects. The aim of this article is to make this specialty better known, its organization both in terms of training and the permanence of care.; Les interventions guidées par l’imagerie ont pour but d’améliorer l’efficacité et la précision du geste médical quel que soit l’organe, ainsi que la sécurité et le confort du patient. La radiologie interventionnelle (RI) concerne actuellement l’ensemble des spécialités médico-chirurgicales et un nombre d’actes en constante augmentation. La RI correspond à un champ majeur d’innovation qui répond à une forte demande sociétale d’aller vers des traitements de plus en plus efficaces, et de moins en moins invasifs. Le virage ambulatoire en RI est une perspective majeure d’économie et d’amélioration de la qualité des soins. Les évolutions techniques sont majeures aussi bien pour les méthodes de guidage que pour le matériel de radiologie interventionnelle. Ces évolutions touchent toutes les pathologies d’organe, mais c’est certainement dans le domaine de l’oncologie que les progrès actuels sont les plus rapides, avec une médecine personnalisée et de nouveaux médicaments ciblés pour optimiser la tolérance au traitement et maximiser les effets. L’objectif de cet article est de mieux faire connaître cette spécialité et son organisation aussi bien sur le plan de la formation que sur celui de la permanence des soins.

Caval subtraction phase-contrast MR imaging is technically feasible and may offer a reproducible and clinically viable method for measuring total liver blood flow and hepatic arterial flow., Purpose To validate caval subtraction two-dimensional (2D) phase-contrast magnetic resonance (MR) imaging measurements of total liver blood flow (TLBF) and hepatic arterial fraction in an animal model and evaluate consistency and reproducibility in humans. Materials and Methods Approval from the institutional ethical committee for animal care and research ethics was obtained. Fifteen Sprague-Dawley rats underwent 2D phase-contrast MR imaging of the portal vein (PV) and infrahepatic and suprahepatic inferior vena cava (IVC). TLBF and hepatic arterial flow were estimated by subtracting infrahepatic from suprahepatic IVC flow and PV flow from estimated TLBF, respectively. Direct PV transit-time ultrasonography (US) and fluorescent microsphere measurements of hepatic arterial fraction were the standards of reference. Thereafter, consistency of caval subtraction phase-contrast MR imaging–derived TLBF and hepatic arterial flow was assessed in 13 volunteers (mean age, 28.3 years ± 1.4) against directly measured phase-contrast MR imaging PV and proper hepatic arterial inflow; reproducibility was measured after 7 days. Bland-Altman analysis of agreement and coefficient of variation comparisons were undertaken. Results There was good agreement between PV flow measured with phase-contrast MR imaging and that measured with transit-time US (mean difference, −3.5 mL/min/100 g; 95% limits of agreement [LOA], ±61.3 mL/min/100 g). Hepatic arterial fraction obtained with caval subtraction agreed well with those with fluorescent microspheres (mean difference, 4.2%; 95% LOA, ±20.5%). Good consistency was demonstrated between TLBF in humans measured with caval subtraction and direct inflow phase-contrast MR imaging (mean difference, −1.3 mL/min/100 g; 95% LOA, ±23.1 mL/min/100 g). TLBF reproducibility at 7 days was similar between the two methods (95% LOA, ±31.6 mL/min/100 g vs ±29.6 mL/min/100 g). Conclusion Caval subtraction phase-contrast MR imaging is a simple and clinically viable method for measuring TLBF and hepatic arterial flow. Online supplemental material is available for this article.

Aim of the study The arsenal of questions and answers about the minor cancer initiating cancer stem cell (CSC) population put responsible for cancer invasiveness and metastases, has left with an unsolved puzzle. Specific aims of a complex project were partly focused on revealing new biomarkers of cancer. We designed and set up novel techniques to facilitate the detection of cancerous cells. Materials and methods As a novel approach, we investigated B cells infiltrating breast carcinomas and melanomas (TIL-B) in terms of their tumour antigen binding potential. By developing the TIL-B phage display technology we provide here a new technology for the specific detection of highly tumour-associated antigens. Single chain Fv (scFv) antibody fragment phage ELISA, immunofluorescence (IF) FACS analysis, chamber slide technique with IF confocal laser microscopy and immunohistochemistry (IHC) in paraffin-embedded tissue sections were set up and standardized. Results We showed strong tumour-associated disialylated glycosphingolipid expression levels on various cancer cells using scFv antibody fragments, generated previously by uniquely invasive breast carcinoma TIL-B phage display library technology. Conclusions We report herein a novel strategy to obtain antibody fragments of human origin that recognise tumour-associated ganglioside antigens. Our investigations have the power to detect privileged molecules in cancer progression, invasiveness, and metastases. The technical achievements of this study are being harnessed for early diagnostics and effective cancer therapeutics.

To characterize certain aspects of the microscopic structures of cortical and trabecular bone by using Fourier x-ray scattering imaging.Protocols approved by the National Institutes of Health Animal Care and Use Committee were used to examine ex vivo the hind limb of a rat and the toe of a pig. The Fourier x-ray scattering imaging technique involves the use of a grid mask to modulate the cone beam and Fourier spectral filters to isolate the harmonic images. The technique yields attenuation, scattering, and phase-contrast (PC) images from a single exposure. In the rat tibia cortical bone, the scattering signals from two orthogonal grid orientations were compared by using Wilcoxon signed rank tests. In the pig toe, the heterogeneity of scattering and PC signals was compared between trabecular and compact bone regions of uniform attenuation by using F tests.In cortical bone, the scattering signal was significantly higher (P10(-15)) when the grid was parallel to the periosteal surface. Trabecular bone, as compared with cortical bone, appeared highly heterogeneous on the scattering (P10(-34)) and PC (P10(-27)) images.The ordered alignment of the mineralized collagen fibrils in compact bone was reflected in the anisotropic scattering signal in this bone. In trabecular bone, the porosity of the mineralized matrix accounted for the granular pattern seen on the scattering and PC images.

The purpose of this study was to prospectively use a whole-heart three-dimensional (3D) coronary magnetic resonance (MR) angiography technique specifically adapted for use at 3 T and a parallel imaging technique (sensitivity encoding) to evaluate coronary arterial anomalies and variants (CAAV). This HIPAA-compliant study was approved by the local institutional review board, and informed consent was obtained from all participants. Twenty-two participants (11 men, 11 women; age range, 18-62 years) were included. Ten participants were healthy volunteers, whereas 12 participants were patients suspected of having CAAV. Coronary MR angiography was performed with a 3-T MR imager. A 3D free-breathing navigator-gated and vector electrocardiographically-gated segmented k-space gradient-echo sequence with adiabatic T2 preparation pulse and parallel imaging (sensitivity encoding) was used. Whole-heart acquisitions (repetition time msec/echo time msec, 4/1.35; 20 degrees flip angle; 1 x 1 x 2-mm acquired voxel size) lasted 10-12 minutes. Mean examination time was 41 minutes +/- 14 (standard deviation). Findings included aneurysms, ectasia, arteriovenous fistulas, and anomalous origins. The 3D whole-heart acquisitions developed for use with 3 T are feasible for use in the assessment of CAAV.

To investigate the feasibility of subtractionless first-pass single contrast medium dose (0.1 mmol/kg) peripheral magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) at 1.5 T using two-point Dixon fat suppression and compare it with conventional subtraction MRA in terms of image quality. Twenty-eight patients (13 male, 15 female; mean age ± standard deviation, 66 ± 16 years) with known or suspected peripheral arterial disease underwent subtractionless and subtraction first-pass MRA at 1.5 T using two-point Dixon fat suppression. Results were compared with regard to vessel-to-background contrast. A phantom study was performed to assess the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of both MRA techniques. Two experienced observers scored subjective image quality. Agreement regarding subjective image quality was expressed in quadratic weighted κ values. Vessel-to-background contrast improved in all anatomical locations with the subtractionless method versus the subtraction method (all P

Chapter 1 reviews technical developments of cardiac CT and current status, recommendations and future perspective of various clinical cardiac CT applications. In chapter 2, the eff ect of dose reduction on diagnostic performance in CT coronary angiography is assessed. Chapter 3 evaluates the eff ect of thin-slice image reconstructions on coronary artery calcium measurements. In chapter 4, the assessment of Agatston scores using coronary CT angiography is studied. Chapter 5 evaluates the predictive value of CT-derived RV/LV ratios and cardiac biomarkers for short term clinical outcome in patients with suspected acute PE. In chapter 6, the incremental value of ventricular function with ECG-synchronized cardiac CT over standard pulmonary CTA-derived RV/LV ratios for predicting clinical outcome in patients with suspected acute PE is discussed. Chapter 7 studies the influence of timing of NT-pro-BNP sampling for predicting adverse clinical outcome.

The purpose of this prospective study was to compare a new isotropic three-dimensional (3D) fast spin-echo (FSE) pulse sequence with parallel imaging and extended echo train acquisition (3D-FSE-Cube) with a conventional two-dimensional (2D) FSE sequence for magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of the ankle. After institutional review board approval and informed consent were obtained and in accordance with HIPAA privacy guidelines, MR imaging was performed in the ankles of 10 healthy volunteers (four men, six women; age range, 25–41 years). Imaging with the 3D-FSE-Cube sequence was performed at 3.0 T by using both one-dimensional– and 2D-accelerated autocalibrated parallel imaging to decrease imaging time. Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) with 3D-FSE-Cube were compared with those of the standard 2D FSE sequence. Cartilage, muscle, and fluid SNRs were significantly higher with the 3D-FSE-Cube sequence (P < .01 for all). Fluid-cartilage CNR was similar for both techniques. The two sequences were also compared for overall image quality, blurring, and artifacts. No significant difference for overall image quality and artifacts was demonstrated between the 2D FSE and 3D-FSE-Cube sequences, although the section thickness in 3D-FSE-Cube imaging was much thinner (0.6 mm). However, blurring was significantly greater on the 3D-FSE-Cube images (P < .04). The 3D-FSE-Cube sequence with isotropic resolution is a promising new MR imaging sequence for viewing complex joint anatomy.

Titelseite und Inhaltsverzeichnis Einführung und Problemstellung 3 1\. Aktueller Stand digitaler Mammographie 6 1.1 Unterschiede zwischen konventioneller und digitaler Mammographie 6 1.2 Digitale Mammographiesysteme 8 1.3 Technische Parameter digitaler Mammographiesysteme 11 2\. Dosisreduktion: aktueller Stand und zukünftiges Potenzial 14 2.1 Dosisreduktion bei Lokalisierungsprozeduren 14 2.2 Dosisreduktion bei Spezialaufnahmen 17 2.3 Dosisreduktion durch rasterlose Technik 18 3\. Software: weiterführende Anwendungen 19 3.1 Darstellung digitaler Aufnahmen 19 3.2 CAD-Systeme 22 3.3 Teleradiologie und Datenkompression 25 4\. Hardware: monochromatisches Röntgen 25 5\. Weiterführende Anwendungen 27 5.1 Tomosynthese 27 5.2 Kontrastmittelmammographie 29 6\. Diskussion 31 7\. Zusammenfassung 42 8\. Originalarbeiten 47 9\. Literaturverzeichnis 49, Trotz aller Fortschritte in der Brustkrebsdiagnostik in der Vergangenheit kann und muss die Mammographie weiter verbessert werden. Insbesondere die Einführung der digitalen Mammographie eröffnet diesbezüglich interessante Optionen. Mithilfe der Ergebnisse der vorliegenden Arbeit kann gezeigt werden, dass die höhere Kontrastauflösung der digitalen Mammographie insbesondere bei der Visualisierung von Grenzbefunden (Mikrokalk in Vergrößerungsaufnahmen) Vorteile gegenüber der konventionellen Mammographie bietet. So wurden mit den unterschiedlichen Modalitäten an Präparaten von 3 Untersuchern insgesamt 9705 Mikroverkalkungen ausgezählt. Dabei waren die Ergebnisse der digitalen Vollfeldmammographie (1020/753/881) denen der Film-Folienmammographie (901/643/822) deutlich überlegen [Originalarbeit 1]. Insgesamt konnte gezeigt werden, dass in der Praxis 6% mehr Verkalkungen visualisiert werden als in der herkömmlichen Mammographie. Dies führte jedoch in einer klinischen ROC-Studie nicht zu statistisch signifikanten Unterschieden (p=0,08958) in der Befundungsqualität, obwohl subjektiv in 10% der Entscheidungen die Bildqualität von den Untersuchern in den digitalen Aufnahmen als klinisch relevant besser eingeschätzt wurde [Originalarbeit 2]. Die verbesserte Bildqualität des digitalen Systems führt also in der Praxis zu keinen oder allenfalls geringen Verbesserungen in der Befundqualität. Da die Bildqualität bei den digitalen Systemen direkt mit der applizierten Strahlendosis korreliert, kann daher umgekehrt überlegt werden, inwiefern in der digitalen Mammographie ein Potenzial zur Dosisreduktion besteht. Dieses Potenzial zur Dosisreduktion kann bei Zusatzaufnahmen evaluiert werden. Eine seltene Zusatzaufnahme, die in unserem Patientinnenkollektiv bei über evaluierten 5000 Untersuchungen nur 7x angewendet wurde, ist die tangentiale Aufnahme zur Visualisierung von Hautverkalkungen. Dabei konnte gezeigt werden, dass hier eine Dosisreduktion der einzelnen Zusatzaufnahmen um 50% möglich ist [Originalarbeit3]. Über die dosisreduzierenden Spezialanwendungen hinaus konnte jedoch auch gezeigt werden, dass neue Möglichkeiten zur Dosisreduktion durch Veränderungen an der Hardware in der digitalen Mammographie bestehen. So konnte durch Einsparen des in der Mammographie normalerweise verwendeten Streustrahlenrasters prinzipiell eine durchschnittliche Dosisreduktion um mindestens 50% erreicht werden bei gleichbleibender Bildqualität. Die Möglichkeiten in der Routinediagnostik auf den Einsatz des Rasters zu verzichten wurden mithilfe einer Phantomstudie evaluiert. Dabei wurden von drei Untersuchern 976 Felder von Aufnahmen des CDMAM- Phantoms in 8 unterschiedlichen Dosiseinstellungen nicht erkannt, während 1115 Felder mit der herkömmlichen Rastertechnik nicht erkannt wurden. Die Vorteile durch die rasterlose Technik zeigten sich dabei insbesondere bei Kompressionsschichtdicken, Mammography is not a perfect tool for detectiAuch die übrigen Hardwarekomponenten wie z.B. das Raster ermöglichen durch den on of breast cancer. Despite this fact mammography is the first choice for reduction of breast cancer mortality and for workup of suspicious lesions. Without any doubt especially digital mammography has a potential for further improvements. We were able to show that due to the higher contrast resolution of digital detectors in routine mammography the diagnostic quality with these machines is equal or even improved compared to film screen mammography. This goal can be reached even with dose reduction what is used for spezial images and for localization procedures even nowadays. Additionally some components of the hardware have to be discussed in digital mammography and can be used for further dose reduction e.g. leaving away the grid. Also changes in the quality of the x-ray beam, e.g. with monochromatic x-rays, can lead to improvements in image quality with lower dose. Beside the hardware changes one has to think about the improvements due to software changes, too. This has lead to new algorithms for visualization of pathologic findings or CAD algorithms. Future applications like contrast medium mamography will lead to detections of otherwise occult tumors. All in all the improvements of digital mammography are promising tools for further improvements in breast cancer diagnostics and will hopefully lead to earlier detection of breast cancer. This would lead to a better prognosis of breast cancer.

Johann Heinrich von Thunen-Institute, Federal Research Institute for Rural Areas, Forestry and Fisheries began publishing the Informationen aus der Fischereiforschung – Information on Fishery research in 2010