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Introduction: Classroom teachers need to monitor a group of students varying in interest, knowledge, and behavior at the same time that they present a lesson and adapt it on the fly to student questions and understanding. Many areas of expertise are associated with special kinds of perceptual skills, and teaching presents its own perceptual challenges. We discuss the special nature of the expert looking that teachers must develop and how it relates to more general models of expertise. Standard methods of classroom video are limited in their support of teacher professional looking, and we explore an alternative using mobile eyetracking that overcomes many of these limits. The combination of mobile eyetracking records and standard video enables the participant to "reexperience" a situation in a vivid way, while also seeing things they missed the first time through. Methods: We report a study in which pairs of novice and experienced teachers teaching the same students watched their own mobile eyetracking recordings while performing a retrospective think-aloud task. Results: Experienced teachers were better able to describe high-level features and their significance in the lessons, while novices were more likely to talk about in-the-moment events such as things they failed to see while teaching. This is consistent with work on expertise that suggests there are both costs and benefits to expert looking. Discussion: Our results suggest that the ability to quickly grasp the meaning of a classroom situation may be associated with less awareness of some of the lower-level features on which those inferences are based. Novice and experienced teachers notice different things and have different perspectives on classroom processes; understanding the cognitive process of teachers will require combining insights from each. The methods used in this study are quickly becoming less costly and more accessible, and they have a unique role to play in research and in teacher professional development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Because teachers' instructional practices are fundamental to the development of scientific reasoning ability, it is important that teachers become proficient in scientific reasoning. With such a premise, the study examined the scientific reasoning ability of teacher educators, schoolteachers, and prospective teachers in a province in Ethiopia. The study involved 37 (2 F; 35 M) teacher educators, 116 (51 F; 65 M) prospective teachers, and 140 (57 F; 83 M) primary school teachers. Lawson's Test of Scientific Reasoning was administered to collect data. Analysis of the data showed that the participants generally had a low level of reasoning ability with 86% of them classified as intuitive thinkers. Group comparisons revealed that teacher educators were better in reasoning ability than schoolteachers who in turn were better than prospective teachers. It is found that equal proportions of teacher educators were transitional thinkers and intuitive thinkers, but the vast majority of prospective teachers (94.8%) and schoolteachers (88.6%) were intuitive thinkers. Considering six dimensions of scientific reasoning, participants' difficulties in scientific reasoning were evident mainly in relation to hypothetico-deductive reasoning and control of variables. Implications of the results for curricula at different levels and teacher preparation programs are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

IntroductionClassroom teachers need to monitor a group of students varying in interest, knowledge, and behavior at the same time that they present a lesson and adapt it on the fly to student questions and understanding. Many areas of expertise are associated with special kinds of perceptual skills, and teaching presents its own perceptual challenges. We discuss the special nature of the expert looking that teachers must develop and how it relates to more general models of expertise. Standard methods of classroom video are limited in their support of teacher professional looking, and we explore an alternative using mobile eyetracking that overcomes many of these limits. The combination of mobile eyetracking records and standard video enables the participant to “re-experience” a situation in a vivid way, while also seeing things they missed the first time through.MethodsWe report a study in which pairs of novice and experienced teachers teaching the same students watched their own mobile eyetracking recordings while performing a retrospective think-aloud task.ResultsExperienced teachers were better able to describe high-level features and their significance in the lessons, while novices were more likely to talk about in-the-moment events such as things they failed to see while teaching. This is consistent with work on expertise that suggests there are both costs and benefits to expert looking.DiscussionOur results suggest that the ability to quickly grasp the meaning of a classroom situation may be associated with less awareness of some of the lower-level features on which those inferences are based. Novice and experienced teachers notice different things and have different perspectives on classroom processes; understanding the cognitive process of teachers will require combining insights from each. The methods used in this study are quickly becoming less costly and more accessible, and they have a unique role to play in research and in teacher professional development.

This paper draws on interview data to explore Australian, Canadian and Scottish teacher educators' conceptions of sustainability education (SE) within initial teacher education (ITE). Findings were generated across three themes: teacher educators' (i) conceptions of SE and SE in ITE, (ii) curriculum and pedagogical practices, and (iii) barriers, challenges and opportunities to engaging with SE. Analysis revealed inconsistency amongst teacher educators' conceptualizations of SE, and significant barriers and challenges when offering SE within ITE programs. Related opportunities highlighted destabilizing established norms within ITE programs and encouraging future thinking about the wider purposes and processes of education with preservice teachers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explored whether, and how, preservice elementary teachers' scientific curiosity related to their confidence for science teaching. A group of 29 preservice, elementary teachers in the U.S. engaged in a curiosity journaling strategy across a 16-week scientific inquiry course. Their expressions of curiosity were coded using Luce and Hsi's framework of curiosity. Whether expressions of curiosity related to their confidence for teaching associated science topics was examined statistically. In addition, the categories of their curiosity were coded and are described across eight journal entries. The nature of the relationship between scientific curiosity and science teaching confidence, as well as the nature of the curiosity they expressed, are described. Generally, curiosity about specific scientific phenomena and changes in confidence for teaching those topics did not relate to one another. Relationships did emerge, however, among categories of curiosity and participants' confidence for teaching seven specific science topics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research examines student teachers' thinking about teaching gifted students in an inclusive classroom context. Grounded in a narrative paradigm, we analyzed narratives from student teachers in Finland, Austria, Turkey, the Philippines, and Japan to identify solutions that they imagined in response to gifted students' needs in an inclusive classroom. Six solution categories emerged: (a) giving gifted students more challenging or motivational tasks; (b) encouraging peer learning and having gifted students act as teaching assistants; (c) using communication in the classroom and with gifted students; (d) guiding gifted students toward learning opportunities beyond the classroom; (e) consulting colleagues, experts, parents, or principals; and (f) developing one's own capacities as a teacher. Our findings carry implications for developing teacher education to nurture future teachers who understand the meaning of cultural contingencies and different learners' needs to teach the gifted in inclusive classrooms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research in developing teacher and learner thinking highlights the challenges in translating theoretical constructs into changed practice. One Australian study tracked teacher thinking across school contexts over the proposed three-year timeframe of one professional learning programme. The programme framed a shift in learner and teacher thinking within a pedagogical model. The study questioned: How do teachers develop collective efficacy in their professional learning to modify their teaching practice and improve student learning within a schoolwide pedagogy? The primary and secondary schools from government and non-government contexts sought to cultivate routines that are continually developed through practice-based inquiry of teaching teams. The findings highlight the achievements of teacher inquiry into practice and the challenges of implementing a schoolwide professional learning initiative. The recommendations offered here may be transferred to other contexts to promote teacher collective efficacy through practitioner inquiry and the use of a pedagogical language and model that focusses on learning thinking. The research to date highlights the importance of bolstering teacher involvement in reporting their own learning and development of practice, as well as addressing the theory-practice divide. Further research on teacher professional learning is needed to enable teachers to traverse the knowing-doing gap in their practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Educational inclusion is established from a legal framework, articulated with the country of origin which accounts for the purposes of continuous improvement, in Colombian higher education institutions it is regulated how to meet these requests for educational inclusion, it is parameterized and accommodates an element of self-regulation and self-evaluation that builds a concept of expanding the recognition of prior knowledge, the research performs the determination of the incidence of the recognition of knowledge, attitudes and practices of teachers in inclusive education. Method: Semi-structured interviews were applied to teachers of a higher education institution. Teachers are unaware of the regulations, consider that everyone has the right to access education, but disagree about the permanence and graduation of students with cognitive disabilities, and present weaknesses in planning, flexibility and curricular evaluation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper considers the tacit dimension of teaching. Policy and research focused on teaching have addressed the explicit application of knowledge within the field. This paper views knowledge from the positions of explicit knowledge, and implicit or tacit knowledge. Although widely acknowledged as a contributing constituent of teachers' practice, there has been limited research on tacit knowledge in teaching. The nature of teachers' work generates evidence from observable behaviour and action, and has contributed significantly to contemporary research on practice. Where there is a gap in similar expanse of research is on the understanding of the non-observables and implicit or tacit knowledge which informs practice. This area of tacit knowledge in teaching remains minimally understood and under-researched. The research presented in this paper identifies underlying cognitive processes which inform practice in teaching. For the first time in research on teaching, these cognitive processes have been amalgamated to capture what happens beyond that which is observable. A call for unison on the dynamics of implicit and explicit knowledge in teaching is urgent to unearth complexity and externalise professional development stages. The findings from this paper will be beneficial to teachers, teacher educators and policymakers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At the level of classroom practice, forms of teacher thinking are central to local processes of educational change. In the last decade, reflexivity has been promoted as a mode of teacher thinking which has the capacity to transform several aspects of teaching practice. The developing interest in reflexivity both emerges from, and seeks to extend, the prior (and continuing) emphasis on reflective practice as an essential avenue to teacher change and improvement. In this article, I aim to both clarify and extend thinking about teacher reflexivity, developing a conceptual mapping which organizes forms of teacher thinking along temporal and ontological dimensions. This mapping clarifies important distinctions between related practices of reflection-on-action, reflection-in-action, critical reflection and radical reflexivity. Radical reflexivity is characterized by both temporal synchronicity and the bending back of the reflective arc to form a subject-object-subject structure. This structure, I argue, extends teacher thinking beyond the deliberative, reflective mode. Subsequently, I propose that contemplative practices (mindfulness, meditation, etc.) provide avenues by which teachers can access radical reflexivity, through the cultivation of present-moment, non-judgemental, embodied awareness. Selected findings from a qualitative study of seven beginning teachers are presented as illustration, focusing on participants' experiences of putting the ego aside and responding to strong, embodied emotions in classroom contexts. The findings presented demonstrate the distinctive implications of radical, contemplative reflexivity as an avenue for the professional transformation of teachers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The teaching method is crucial to the quality of education in any institution. The Indonesian institutions of higher education struggle with teaching quality and student success. The Indonesian Ministry of Higher Education has obstacles regarding student performance. Determining the role of student psychology in the relationship between teaching quality and learner performance at Indonesian Universes necessitated the development of a conceptual framework. The quantitative technique approach and partial least square (PLS) were implemented in this work to determine the findings. The research suggested that teachers should focus on the psychology of the students to improve their thinking and teaching styles. This study's focus is confined to Indonesian institutions of higher education. Notably, no previous research has presented theoretical and practical consequences on this topic in the existing literature. Therefore, this study has significant implications for literature and school administration in Indonesia to improve students' performance. In addition to the theoretical and practical consequences, this study identifies different gaps in the literature that future scholars must investigate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Calidad en la Educación is the property of Consejo Nacional de Educacion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Teacher education research continues to show a gulf between teaching practices advocated in teacher preparation and practices adopted by beginning teachers in schools. Informed by the sociocultural perspective on teacher learning that foregrounds the social origin of human cognition, this article reports a qualitative study to investigate the sociocultural influences on the teaching of three beginning teachers in Singapore secondary schools. The findings demonstrate the need to take into account the role of larger structures in the talk and actions of teachers in order to understand their classroom practices. The article concludes with a consideration of some implications for teacher education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of International Journal of Medicine & Science of Physical Activity & Sport / Revista Internacional de Medicina y Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deporte is the property of Revista Internacional de Medicina y Ciencias de la Actividad Fisica y del Deporte and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Students' opportunities to learn science are shaped by the intellectual work in which they engage in science classrooms. By considering the opportunity to learn as a more nuanced and complex concept than simply as exposure to the subject matter, we argue that the kind of tasks that teachers assign to students presents an important element to understand how students are positioned to learn in science classrooms. Teachers, undoubtedly, play a critical role in the selection of these instructional tasks. This study aims to investigate the cognitive demand of science tasks and teachers' reasoning for what makes these tasks cognitively demanding. Guided by a framework, which was designed to classify science tasks according to cognitive demand and the integration of science content and practices, we analyzed 224 science tasks shared by 125 teachers through a statewide survey. The analyses revealed many of the science tasks, which were identified by teachers as demanding high-level intellectual work from students and were classified into low-level categories of this framework. The qualitative analyses of teachers' responses to survey questions revealed the factors that influenced science teachers' decisions about the cognitive demand of instructional tasks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Didacticae: Revista de Investigación en Didácticas Específicas is the property of Didacticae: Revista de Investigacion en Didacticas Especificas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Latinoamericana de Estudios Educativos (1900-9895) is the property of Universidad de Caldas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Turkish Journal of Education is the property of Mehmet Tekerek and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This research aimed to investigate the conceptions of teachers about the didactic-pedagogical objectives of biology teaching. The methodology was developed from a qualitative approach based on the phenomenological method, using theoretical saturation for sample closure. Eight semi-structured interviews were conducted with biology teachers from public schools in the city of João Pessoa (PB), investigating the view of teachers on the objectives of teaching Biology. The results point out that the teachers project the contextualization of the contents with aspects of the students' daily life is the central objective of the reports, being a theme that appeared in the interview of all the teachers interviewed. Teachers also defended teaching for university entrance exam preparation (teaching for testing); the developing an understanding of how nature works; understanding of scientific language; of notions about the processes that involve the scientific method; and the importance of contextualizing the contents of Biology with that of other school subjects. In general, it was possible to conclude that the teachers conceptions point to a commitment to the students' scientific and citizen education, but the objectives for the preparation of the entrance exam can cause a distortion between the objectives of the teaching of Biology and the commitments to the social and critical formation of the students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This literature review documents research in the area of online teacher professional development (oTPD) and seeks to inform developers and facilitators on the complex and unique empirical indicators that are important in designing, developing, implementing, evaluating, and researching oTPD. The 73 studies analyzed in this review suggest that the research in oTPD is progressing toward more rigorous empirical methods and theoretically grounded design, implementation, and evaluation. Research in oTPD is moving forward in more sophisticated ways and adding to our understanding of high-quality practices that engage teachers in meaningful teacher professional learning in online contexts.

The investigation arises within the framework of a series of curricular changes occurred in Chile, due tothe incorporation of citizenshipeducation as a coreaxis in the subject of History, Geography and Social Sciences,of the CitizenEducationPlan for schools subsidized by the state and the creation of theCitizen Training subject. It is investigated the thinkingof teachers of history, geography and social sciences on citizenshipeducation. The goalis to interpret their beliefs, approaches, academic training and teaching strategies declared by themselves. Basing on a mixed methodology and a phenomenological design, a survey was applied to 82 teachers and 20 of them were interviewed. The results show that, in the absence of academic training and a studyprogram, teachers have opted to incorporate citizenship based on their own approach, this is closer to civic education than to citizen education, which is evidencedina thought that puts as central themes of learning: the rights and duties of the citizen, political participation and institutionality.

The needs of education are a direct reflection of the society that shows causes and consequences in the different areas that comprise it, where the issue of violence is a reality that requires concrete and contextualized actions to obtain pertinent results aimed at obtaining a culture of peace. Considering that to educate for peace, an ethical-moral discourse and constant changes in the curriculum are not enough, one would have to think about the experiential learning that appears from the model delving into teaching thought, the factors that impact within its function and the generation of spaces of peace, this would lead us to a greater understanding, gradually allowing a paradigm shift aimed at peace. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Nodos y Nudos is the property of Universidad Pedaggica Nacional and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Although teachers' knowledge of student emotion is not typically integrated into studies of teachers' pedagogical content knowledge, this study uses the philosophy of emotion, recent teacher knowledge research, and a case study of one middle-school physical education teacher to illustrate the point that how teachers understand student emotion is inextricably linked to their thinking and decisions about educational content, curriculum, and pedagogy. Data were collected during 4 months of observations and interviews and were analyzed using constant comparison. Three themes are used to show how this teacher's interpretations of student emotion influenced her selecting, ordering, and formulating of curriculum units, her pedagogical maneuvering during lessons to facilitate learning, and her interactions with individual students and groups of students. The discussion centers on the need to expand current conceptions of teachers' pedagogical content knowledge, and the importance of emotional understanding in teaching. Future directions for research into emotion and teaching are suggested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Avances de Investigación en Educación Matemática is the property of Sociedad Espanola de Investigacion en Educacion Matematica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Profesorado: Revista de Currículum y Formación del Profesorado is the property of Profesorado: Revista de Curriculum y Formacion del Profesorado and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR) began to have an influence on language teaching some 20 years ago. However, in spite of the title referring to learning, teaching and assessment of languages, the CEFR has had a far more pronounced impact on language testing than on any other aspect of language learning/teaching. In contrast, this article focuses on the impact of the CEFR on teachers by analysing the beliefs about and perceptions of the CEFR held by a group of Spanish teachers about to take a Masters course module on the CEFR. A 35-item questionnaire was administered to these in-service teachers online to analyse their familiarity with the CEFR, their perceptions of the impact of the CEFR and their knowledge of the contents of the CEFR. The analysis shows that teachers' degree of familiarity with the CEFR as a whole was superficial. They reported a high degree of familiarity with levels of competences, but limited knowledge of changes that the CEFR proposes, despite the fact that they perceived the general impact of the CEFR on syllabi, curricula and methods to be substantial. There are clear implications for teacher education to ensure more thorough understanding of the CEFR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study presents an investigation of teachers' beliefs about working with English learners, as constructed in online class discussions. Using conversation and discourse analysis from a discursive psychology (DP) perspective, analysis focuses on the discursive production of beliefs and the social actions achieved by this production in interaction. By orienting to teachers' beliefs as interactionally emergent phenomena, findings highlight the ways that teachers account for their belief claims and the ways that teachers' statements of belief work to perform certain social functions within the forum itself, including affiliation and disagreement. Implications for teacher education and for the potential of DP to contribute to research on teachers' beliefs are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Student teachers are oftentimes encouraged to apply theoretical principles of social justice to their professional practice. However, this can be problematic when theoretical knowledge is contested or if it is inconsistent with the practices in their future workplaces. Studies in this area often examine student teachers' beliefs and understanding of their roles without taking account of how concrete working contexts shape what they see as possible in their practice. This study explored how students in two teacher education programmes based at the University of Edinburgh perceived their roles, practices and contexts for acting as agents of social justice. Mixed methods were used for data generation and triangulation including a questionnaire survey (n = 299) and scenariobased interviews (n = 9) to explore how students think about social justice issues in context. Student teachers generally saw agency for social justice as part of their role. Their understanding of the ways of addressing context-embedded issues of social justice focused on classroom practices while they raised concerns about how their practice depends on others in the system. We discuss the implications of these findings for teacher education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Bio-grafía. Escritos Sobre la Biología y su Enseñanza is the property of Universidad Pedaggica Nacional and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Apunts: Educació Física i Esports is the property of Institut Nacional d'Educacio Fisica de Catalunya and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article reports a multiple-case study project into early childhood teachers’ thinking and reflection on their teaching interactions with children in three New Zealand early childhood education centres. Using stimulated-recall interviews, teaching teams viewed video-recorded episodes of their teaching and discussed their thinking and reflections, during and after the episodes. Key findings included teachers’ emphasis in their thinking and reflection on children in comparison to their teaching intentions, beliefs and practices. The article concludes by presenting a model for understanding New Zealand early childhood teachers’ thinking and reflections on teaching and learning and the implications for practice emerging from this research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When university faculty and students use technology, they do so in a specific context and researchers have acknowledged that in order to understand use (or non-use) of technology in higher education they need to account for this. However, although the importance of context is not questioned, there is little consensus over which contexts are relevant and how they interact with an individual’s use of technology. This article proposes an “ecological” model for the contexts that influence a university faculty member’s thinking about technology and uses qualitative case study data to show the wide range of contexts that need to be included in this. It argues that a much broader range of contexts needs to be taken into account in any research that investigates faculty thinking, perceptions or decisions about using technology and that only considering some of these contexts risks misunderstanding the complex influences on faculty members’ thinking about their work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Psychology, Society & Education is the property of Psychology, Society & Education and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Internationally, there has been a policy push for using student data for instruction. Yet, research has noted few examples of actually understanding how this data-use practice takes place. This study presents a case of an instructional data team making sense of student data. The study shares data to show how teachers’ process for using data to inform their instructional choices is an interpretive one. The study also highlights the fact that, to make sense of test data that are often incapable of capturing backstories of students’ work in school, teachers draw upon informal data that they glean from their observations of and interactions with students. The collective data in the heads of teachers emerge through data team discussions. We conclude with implications for policy, professional learning, and teacher development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]