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Copyright of Mexican Journal of Economics & Finance / Revista Mexicana de Economia y Finanzas is the property of Instituto Mexicano de Ejecutivos de Finanzas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

We analyze the convergence or divergence of the diversity of fiscal systems after the financial crisis of 2007. Studying twenty-nine countries, we first document the evolution of the taxation of households, firms, labor, consumption, and capital. We identify three types of fiscal systems: liberal, intermediate, and high-redistribution, which can be ranked in ascending order of tax rates, confirming known typologies in the diversity of capitalism literature. Only the tax rate on corporate profits shows signs of downward convergence over the period. The other tax rates show rather signs of divergence. Second, a divergence is observed among the liberal and high-redistribution groups over the period. The European countries are converging toward the high-redistribution model, with the exception of Great Britain, which is moving toward the liberal model. Thus, the financial crisis seems to contribute not to the convergence, but to the divergence of fiscal systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Scientific Journal of Finance & Financial Law Studies is the property of Scientific Journal of Finance & Financial Law Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Informacion Comercial Espanola Revista de Economia is the property of S.G.E.E.I.P.C., Secretaria de Estado de Comercio, Ministerio de Industria, Comercio y Turismo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ciencias Administrativas is the property of Universidad Nacional de La Plata and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Modern taxation systems often experience complexity and investigations have attempted to define whether the tax complexity has an impact on the compliance of taxpayers. A low level of literacy can be an obstacle in the tax system. This paper will examine the impact of financial literacy on tax revenues to prove the relationship between literacy and taxation. The study will also provide suggestions for developing financial literacy which may reduce the negative influence of tax complexity on tax compliance. The educational systems do not provide taxation as a subject at any stage, however, tax knowledge is required for understanding taxes and for implementation of tax calculations and those skills directly affect the finances of individuals and the performance of businesses. A low level of financial education and tax knowledge in society affects the financial attitude of individuals and households which can lead to lower tax compliance and eventually, create a fertile environment for tax evasion. The tax complexity concerns not only people and businesses but also governments and tax administrations, because it also decreases tax revenues in the end. The study will use a simple regression model as a method in order to find out the relationship between financial literacy and taxation, as well as it will support suggestions to eliminate tax complexity issues. The main tax variables will be taken from the Eurostat database and financial literacy variables will be sourced from the OECD survey of financial competencies. Every individual and country must take financial education into serious consideration to avoid the anticipated consequences in personal life and negative results in economic development.

Throughout history, tax systems have differed from one another in many ways, including their historical, economic, and legal foundations. As a result, fiscal harmonization has emerged as an alternative approach to fiscal federalization of countries as compared to their national regulation. In countries with economic and fiscal disparities, as well as at the international level, fiscal differences have significant impacts on issues such as international trade, currency exchange rates, migration of people and capital, etc. Even though all economies of the EU member states are part of an economic integration, which is all expressed in the free movement of goods, services, capital and labour, as main economic principles and values of the European Union. Article 93 of the Treaty of Rome defines the ability for member states to have complete independence in the free development of tax policies, including the application of special types of taxes like direct and indirect taxes, despite being subject to certain tax harmonization measures undertaken by EU member states. The article states that: "The Council shall, acting unanimously on a proposal from the Commission and the Economic and Social Committee, adopt provisions for the harmonisation of legislation concerning turnover taxes, excise duties and other forms of indirect taxation to the extent that such harmonisation is necessary to ensure the establishment and the functioning of the internal market". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The dilemma of the application and the implications of the types of taxation and the comparison between progressive versus flat tax systems has become a topic of great interest both in academic environment and at the level of the decision-makers. There are numerous debates regarding the application/replacement of one system with the other. Through this research, we intend to analyse a part of the implications of the flat tax system, namely its effects on the economic growth felt at the level of citizens in the case of the EU Member States that apply such a tax system. Thus, the study is focused on the impact of direct and indirect taxes on the growth of GDP per capita in the eight EU countries that applied the flat taxation for the period 2003-2018 explained by econometric models that use panel data built using the Stata software. The tax elements used were the revenues recorded from direct taxes: personal income tax, corporate income tax and social security contributions from both employees and employers and value added tax. In this respect, our expectations are that our results will reflect results similar to the latest findings in the specialized literature, and these models reflect a positive direct relationship between the GDP per capita and the independent variables. However, we consider that we could obtain a negative relationship between personal income tax and the GDP per capita, having in view that most of the results obtained in the past studies have shown this (with some recent exceptions).

This study investigates the co-movements of gasoline and diesel prices in three European countries (i.e. Germany, France, and Italy) with different fuel tax systems in place. The methodology follows a time–frequency approach, allowing us to analyse the co-movements at different frequencies and moments in time. As a novelty, we study the impact of fuel tax systems and international oil price dynamics on gasoline and diesel price co-movement. Using weekly data spanning the period from January 2005 to June 2021, the wavelet coherence analysis shows co-movements between gasoline and diesel at all frequencies, as well as during specific periods, but stronger in the long run. This evidence is recorded across all three countries, regardless of their tax systems. However, in decoupling the effect of international oil prices, the partial wavelet coherence analysis shows co-movements emerging also in the short run, with them being stronger around the global financial crisis (2008–2009). Although gasoline taxes are generally higher than diesel taxes, the analysis highlights that fuel tax systems do not influence the co-movements of fuel prices. Thus, shedding new light on the co-movement between commodity prices is fundamental, particularly in light of the current international geopolitical scene. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The study aimed to examine factors that improve property tax and tax system for revenue mobilization and accountability. Methodology: The present study of a simple Random sampling technique was for the study with justification that the population is homogeneous. An instrument adapted (Questionnaires) consisting of a five-points-Likert scale was administered to property owners in their residence or at their workplaces. Findings: The results of the regression analysis disclosed that based on the results, awareness of tax laws and property tax compliance behaviors have a positive relationship on revenue mobilization while digital systems of property identification and property tax administration systems have negative relationship with revenue mobilization therefore not supported. Recommendations: The study recommends further education on property tax and its concept to citizens highlighting the importance of property registration and identification using digital systems for taxation in order to augment revenue generation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Economic Researcher Review is the property of Association of Arab Universities and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this article I wanted to analyze the level of the amounts due and unpaid by individual taxpayers at the legal payment deadline, as well as the amounts that are collected by enforcement by the Romanian tax authorities. The analysis covers the period 2010-2019. A closer analysis of these arrears can lead us to find factors that can influence the increase of tax payer compliance with the payment of taxes, thus generating higher revenues in the public budget.

Copyright of Journal of International Relations / Medzinarodne Vztahy is the property of University of Economics in Bratislava, Faculty of International Relations and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Does taxation structure have an impact on investment dynamics? In our paper we evaluate the share of tax revenues in GDP and investment outcomes, making use of gross fixed capital formation as a proxy for investment. This empirical analysis is carried out for all OECD countries, during the period of 1980-2015, to assess the tax system composition effects in both the short and the long-run. Resorting to panel data econometric techniques, the paper also aims to find optimal tax-investment threshold values. Our results lead us to conclude that there is a maximising effect of income taxation on investment growth when revenues from this tax source are about 10.7%. Furthermore, we find that revenues from social security contributions are detrimental to growth, in both the short and the long-run, while tax revenues from firms and consumption are only detrimental in the short-run.

The tax systems in Serbia and Germany are based on the same principles and they consist of very similar types of taxes. Both of these tax systems are decentralised in accordance with state regulations. The tax system in Germany is more developed. It encompasses more tax types, it is more oriented towards environmental protection, more efficient in tax collection, and it is more consistent and fair regarding the burden of taxpayers in accordance with their tax power.

The dilemma of the application and the implications of the types of taxation and the comparison between progressive versus flat tax systems has become a topic of great interest both in academic environment and at the level of the decision-makers. There are numerous debates regarding the application/replacement of one system with the other. Through this research, we intend to analyse a part of the implications of the flat tax system, namely its effects on the economic growth felt at the level of citizens in the case of the EU Member States that apply such a tax system. Thus, the study is focused on the impact of direct and indirect taxes on the growth of GDP per capita in the eight EU countries that applied the flat taxation for the period 2003-2018 explained by econometric models that use panel data built using the Stata software. The tax elements used were the revenues recorded from direct taxes: personal income tax, corporate income tax and social security contributions from both employees and employers and value added tax. In this respect, our expectations are that our results will reflect results similar to the latest findings in the specialized literature, and these models reflect a positive direct relationship between the GDP per capita and the independent variables. However, we consider that we could obtain a negative relationship between personal income tax and the GDP per capita, having in view that most of the results obtained in the past studies have shown this (with some recent exceptions). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article I wanted to analyze the level of the amounts due and unpaid by individual taxpayers at the legal payment deadline, as well as the amounts that are collected by enforcement by the Romanian tax authorities. The analysis covers the period 2010-2019. A closer analysis of these arrears can lead us to find factors that can influence the increase of tax payer compliance with the payment of taxes, thus generating higher revenues in the public budget. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is often said that globalization is just a new form of war between nations; an economic war. It is also a tax war; fiscal policies are a central point of the competition for territories’ attractiveness (ROUGÉ et CHOPOV 2016). But the global tax war is not only another form of interstates conflict; it is also a brand new kind of war between global firms and state to share the burden of civil society. The aim of this paper is to clarify what is at stake in this war to be able to fight it.

Does taxation structure have an impact on investment dynamics? In our paper we evaluate the share of tax revenues in GDP and investment outcomes, making use of gross fixed capital formation as a proxy for investment. This empirical analysis is carried out for all OECD countries, during the period of 1980-2015, to assess the tax system composition effects in both the short- and the long-run. Resorting to panel data econometric techniques, the paper also aims to find optimal tax-investment threshold values. Our results lead us to conclude that there is a maximising effect of income taxation on investment growth when revenues from this tax source are about 10.7%. Furthermore, we find that revenues from social security contributions are detrimental to growth, in both the short- and the long-run, while tax revenues from firms and consumption are only detrimental in the short-run. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The success of indigenous business firms is no longer exclusively an internal process given increasing competition and globalization. Achieving success under dynamic conditions requires active involvement of governments to provide proper environments for local businesses to survive global challenges. Many also want to attract foreign investors to start new businesses. The role of governments is no longer limited to providing preconditions for basic infrastructure needs but now also includes fortifying business environmental factors such as the Internet, legal systems, trained work forces, and equitable tax systems. The purpose of this study is to investigate the conditions in Albania, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (FYROM), Montenegro, Serbia, and Turkey. Using the Enterprise Survey from the World Bank, this study evaluates these nations' adaptation to the global challenges of doing business. These five nations were selected because of their status of potentially joining the European Union (EU). The findings indicate that there are problems and significant gaps among these nations. Suggestions include that national leaders develop policies that go beyond simply addressing the identified obstacles. Additionally, company managers can also use the insights from this study when evaluating these nations as potential EU members before entering these markets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This exploratory study takes a new look at the tax systems of countries in the Organisation of Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). We measure a country’s tax system using time-series cross-sectional data on tax collection variables as well as a cross-sectional metric assessing tax administration and enforcement. More specifically, we examine the countries’ (i) overall tax burden, (ii) income tax reliance, and (iii) fiscal decentralization as well as some “non-rate” variables related to tax administration and enforcement. The purpose is to compare European Union (EU) member states and those countries in the eurozone with other OECD countries and over time in order to test (1) whether EU member states and eurozone countries have tax systems that are more similar to each other than to other countries, and (2) whether some tax harmonization is taking place - within the EU (eurozone) and other countries. The descriptive analysis and graphical representation, as well as first empirical tests, show that the tax systems of EU member states and eurozone countries are significantly different from other countries’tax systems. Yet, we do not find much tax harmonization in the EU (eurozone) countries over time. Future research might delve more into the question what drives harmonization with the intention of eventually formulating policy strategies.

Using an international sample of firms from 32 countries, we study the relation between media independence and corporate tax aggressiveness. We measure media independence by the extent of private ownership and competition in the media industry. Using an indicator variable for tax aggressiveness when the firm’s corporate tax avoidance measure is within the top quartile of each country-industry combination, we find strong evidence that media independence is associated with a lower likelihood of tax aggressiveness, after controlling for other institutional determinants, including home-country tax system characteristics. We also find that the effect of media independence is more pronounced when the legal environment is weaker, and when the information environment is less transparent. We contribute to the business ethics literature by documenting the role of independent media as an external monitoring mechanism in constraining corporate tax aggressiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Population aging is occurring around the world, presenting a number of policy challenges. Most notably, it will increase dependency ratios, making it more difficult for governments to support their older populations. As a result, tax policy will need to be changed in ways that result in more revenues collected, including strengthening tax incentives for work and reducing features that distort business decisions. Population aging also means that more people will be at risk of hardship because of limited financial resources in retirement, implying that tax systems should be changed in ways that better encourage retirement saving. Finally, the lower interest rates that have resulted in part from population aging and the resulting complications for monetary policy mean that governments would also be well served by changing tax systems to include more automatic stabilizers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]