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Orientador: Valeria Helena Alves Cagnon Quitete Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia Resumo: Os efeitos nocivos da nicotina nos diferentes sistemas orgânicos foram relatados em diferentes estudos. Todavia, seus efeitos sobre o sistema genital masculino permanecem obscuros. Assim, o objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar as alterações histológicas, histoquimícas e ultra-estruturais associadas ao estudo morfométrico no lobo ventral da próstata de ratos submetidos à administração crônica de nicotina, estabelecer relações entre essas alterações e as doenças píOstáticas e avaliar os níveis de testosteíOna circülantes no soro. Vinte ratos machos Wistar (Rattus norvergicus) foram divididos em dois grupos experimentais: grupo I nicotina que recebeu 0,125mg /100g de peso corpóreo/diariamente de nicotina e o grupo II controle que recebeu solução fisiológica pela mesma via por 90 dias. Após o período experimental, os animais foram anestesiados e os pesos testiculares, da glândula de coagulação e vesícula seminal foram aferidos. Amostras do lobo ventral das próstatas provenientes dos diferentes grupos foram coletadas, processadas e submetidas às análises: histológica, histoquímicas e ultra-estruturais de transmissão e varredura. Os resultados mostraram que os pesos dos testículos, das vesículas seminais e das glândulas coaguladoras não diferiram significativamente entre os grupos experimentais. As células epiteliais secretoras do lobo ventral da próstata apresentaram-se atrofiadas, além da ocorrência de neoplasia intra-epitelial prostática (NIP), presença de micro-ácinos e diminuição da expressão da fosfatase ácida nas regiões supranuc1ear e apical. Também, foi observada desorganização das organelas envolvidas no processo secretor glandular. No estroma, houve aumento das fibras colágenas e reticulares, amplo pregueamento da membrana basal, células musculares lisas com fenótipo secretor. Assim, conclui-se que a nicotina promove drásticas alterações tanto no epitélio secretor como no estroma da próstata ventral, prejudicando o funcionamento da mesma. Além disso, conclui-se que a nicotina é um agente indutor de lesões pré-malignas podendo contribuir como um fator de risco para desenvolvimento de doenças na glândula prostática Abstract: The harrnful effects of nicotine on different organ systems have been reported in various experimental and clinical studies. However, its effects on the male genital system remain obscure. Thus, the aim of the present study was to analyze the histological, histochemical and ultrastructural alterations, following by stereology, of the ventral lobe of the prostate of rats submitted to chronic nicotine administration. Also, it was established the relationships between these changes and prostate diseases. Twelve male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) were divided in two experimental groups: group I (nicotine) in wich each rodent, received daily subcutaneously injections of 0.125 mg nicotinell 00 body weight and group II (control) whose rodents received only injections of physiologic saline by the same route for 90 days. Body weight, food and water intake were measured throughout the experimento At the end of the experimental period, the animals were anaesthetized and testicular, coagulation gland and seminal vesicle gland weights were determined. Samples of the ventral prostate obtained ITom the two groups were collected, processed and submitted for histological, histochemical and ultrastructural analyses by transmission and scanning electron microscopies. The results showed no significant differences in testicular, seminal vesicle and coagulation gland weights between the groups. In the nicotine group, the secretory epithelial cells of the ventral lobe of the prostate were atrophied, in addition to the occurrence of prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia, micro-acini and reduced expression of acid phosphatase in the supranuclear and apical cellular regions. Disorganization of organelles involved in the glandular secretory process followed by plasmatic membrane destructuring was also observed. The stroma showed increased collagen and reticular fibers, infolded basal membrane and smooth muscle cells which demonstrated secretory feature. In conclusion, nicotine caused drastic alterations not only in the secretory epithelium but also on the stroma of the ventral prostate lobe, compromising its function. Furtherrnore, nicotine also induced premalignant lesions in the prostatic gland, thus representing a risk factor for the deveIopment of prostate pathlogy Doutorado Anatomia Doutor em Biologia Celular e Estrutural

Simple nodular goiter and Hashimoto's thyroiditis are 2 frequent nonmalignant thyroid diseases. Tobacco smoking has detrimental effects on the endocrine system and in particular on thyroid function and morphology. The objective of this cross-sectional study, involving 1800 Caucasian adults from a geographical area with mild iodine deficiency, was to evaluate the relationship between tobacco smoking, smoking cessation, and the prevalence of simple nodular goiter and Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Thyroid status was evaluated by ultrasonic exploration of the neck, measurement of FT3, FT4, TSH, antibodies against thyroid peroxidase and thyroglobulin, and urinary iodine excretion. The fine-needle aspiration biopsy of significant nodules was also performed. Smoking habits were evaluated by a specific questionnaire and the calculation of number of pack years. Both current and previous smokers showed an increased risk of simple nodular goiter compared to never smokers after adjustment for potential confounders and known goitrogen factors. Interestingly, the simple nodular goiter risk was similar for never smokers and for previous smokers declaring a time since cessation of smoking for more than 69 months. Smoking habit was not associated to an increased risk of Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Smoking appears to be an independent risk factor for simple nodular goiter but not for Hashimoto's thyroiditis in an area with mild iodine deficiency. A prolonged withdrawal of smoking dramatically reduces the risk of simple nodular goiter occurrence.

Made available in DSpace on 2019-10-06T16:46:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2019-01-01 Background: Smoking cessation may help in the reversal of inflammation and damage caused by smoking. The endogenous annexin A1 (AnxA1) protein has anti-inflammatory effects which instigates the understanding of its role in the attenuation of inflammatory processes caused by smoking. Material and methods: Wistar rats were exposed to cigarette smoke for 8 weeks. After the exposure period, one of the groups remained other 8 weeks in the absence of smoke. Animals not exposed to smoke were used as control. Blood, trachea and lungs were obtained for histopathological, immunohistochemical and biochemical analyses. Results: Loss of cilia of the tracheal lining epithelium was found by smoke exposure, but smoking cessation led to recovery of the tracheal epithelium. Similarly, chronically exposed-to-smoke animals showed increased lymphocytes and macrophages in bronchoalveolar lavage and higher levels of glucose and gamma-GT in their blood. Reduction of lymphocytes, glucose and gamma-GT occurred after smoking cessation. In addition, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α and MCP-1 levels were elevated by smoke exposure. Smoking cessation significantly reduced the levels of IL-1β, IL-6 and MCP-1 but increased the IL-10 concentration. Numerous mast cells and macrophages were observed in the lung of chronically exposed-to-smoke animals with reduction by smoking cigarette abstinence. AnxA1 increased expression and concomitant NF-κB reduction were found in the smoking cessation group. Conclusion: Our results showed that cigarette abstinence promoted partial recovery of the inflammatory process. The attenuation of the inflammatory profile may be associated with the overexpression of AnxA1 protein. University Center Padre Albino (UNIFIPA) Department of Biology Laboratory of Immunomorphology São Paulo State University (UNESP) Institute of Biosciences Humanities and Exact Sciences (IBILCE) São José do Rio Preto Campus São Paulo Federal University (UNIFESP) São Paulo Department of Biology Laboratory of Immunomorphology São Paulo State University (UNESP) Institute of Biosciences Humanities and Exact Sciences (IBILCE) São José do Rio Preto Campus

Neste artigo, analisamos imagens veiculadas nas embalagens de cigarros, que fazem parte das estratégias do Ministério da Saúde no combate ao tabagismo e disponibilizadas pelo Instituto Nacional de Câncer. Tais imagens trazem o discurso oficial de especialistas e constroem narrativas, entendidas como verdades, alicerçadas no conhecimento científico. Apoiamo-nos no referencial teórico dos estudos culturais, pois suas reflexões ajudam a compreender que as subjetividades são social e culturalmente construídas por vários discursos e artefatos. Não negamos o que está representado, mas estabelecemos diálogos com outras possibilidades de leituras que podem estar presentes nestes artefatos. Entendemos essas imagens como pedagogias culturais - que se comportam como textos a serem lidos, construindo representações, as quais podem ser assumidas como efeitos de verdade - e que atribuem ao sujeito a necessidade de controlar constantemente suas ações. Ao reforçar a biomedicina, as instituições de saúde reproduzem uma visão unidimensional e desconsideram a complexidade desse problema. Entendemos que as pedagogias culturais fazem parte de um território de lutas, onde sentidos e significados podem ser reelaborados, produzindo identidades híbridas, que constroem suas matrizes identitárias nesse emaranhado de relações de poder.This article analyzes the images publicized on cigarettes packs that are part of the strategies from the Ministry of Health to combat the tabagism and available from the Cancer National Institute. These images bring the official speech of specialists and build narratives, understood such as truths, based on scientific knowledge. We have supported our thesis on theoretical referential of Cultural Studies, since its reflections help to understand that the subjectiveness is social and culturally built by different speeches and devices. We do not deny what is represented, but we establish dialogues with other possibilities of readings that can be present at these devices.We understand the propagated images as cultural pedagogies that behave as texts to be read, building up representations that can be assumed as true effect, and attributes to the citizen the necessity of constant control of its action. Reassuring the biomedicine and the health institutions, an onedimensional vision is propagated disregarding the complexity of this problem. We understand that the cultural pedagogies are part of competition territories, where the directions and meanings can be re-prepared producing hybrid identities that build up its own identity origins over this tangle of power relations.

Esta dissertação trata do Programa Municipal de Controle do Tabagismo (PMCT) no município de Juiz de Fora, enfatizando, dentre as demais ações do Programa, a oferta do tratamento do tabagismo na rede de serviços da atenção básica do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Aborda toda dinâmica que envolve a questão do tabagismo em seus diferentes aspectos: sócio-econômico, ambiental e saúde pública. Apresenta as medidas de combate e controle do tabagismo em âmbito mundial, com destaque para o Programa Brasileiro de Controle do Tabagismo, sua organização, resultados e a estratégia de descentralização do Programa para os entes federados (estados e municípios). A metodologia utilizada teve como base a abordagem qualitativa e a pesquisa de campo foi realizada com dez gestores de diferentes níveis hierárquicos da Secretaria de Saúde de Juiz de Fora. Mediante a baixa adesão das Unidades de Atenção Primária à Saúde (UAPS) para ofertar o tratamento do tabagismo, a pesquisa identificou, através da visão dos gestores, um conjunto de fatores que interferem no desenvolvimento do Programa e, portanto, na oferta do tratamento. Os resultados do estudo demonstraram que é necessário maior envolvimento da Secretaria de Saúde em relação a este Programa e o fato de o mesmo não ter financiamento próprio, fundo a fundo, reflete no comportamento do gestor em relação a qualquer programa, inclusive este, ocasionando a não oficialização do mesmo e falta de cobrança das UAPS que não aderem à oferta de tratamento. A rotatividade de profissionais, inclusive dos gestores, e o tipo de contrato também aparecem como fator dificultador à adesão ou continuidade do tratamento. A organização do Programa Nacional também reflete no desenvolvimento da Política de controle do tabagismo nos estados e municípios. Há ausência de interação entre os diferentes níveis de coordenação, meios de comunicação e avaliação adequados e a própria questão do não financiamento do programa. A realização deste estudo propiciou uma reflexão sobre o Programa de Tabagismo em âmbito nacional e local e possibilitou algumas sugestões, a partir dos resultados apresentados, para garantir a continuidade do programa e o acesso da população ao tratamento. This dissertation is about the Municipal Tobacco Control Program (MTCP), in the city of Juiz de Fora, emphasizing, among other actions of the Program, the offering of tabagism treatment in the basic services from the public health system care (Sistema Único de Saúde - SUS). This paper approaches the whole dynamic involving the tabagism issue, in all its different aspects: social, economical, environmental and public health. It presents the fighting and controlling tabagism measures world wide, focusing on the Brazilian tabagism Control Program, its organization, results and decentralization strategy in order to involve states and cities. The methodology used was based on the qualitative approach and a field research was made with ten managers of different hierarchical levels from the Juiz de Fora Secretary of Health. Facing the lack of support from the Primary Unit Health Care (Unidades de Atenção Primária à Saúde – UAPS) to offer the tabagism treatment, the research identified, by the point of view of the managers, a gathering of factors that interfere with the development of the Program, there for on interfering with the treatment offers. The results of this study show that a bigger commitment from the Secretary of Health is required regarding this Program, this is due to the fact that the former doesn‟t have its own founding, reflects on the behavior of the managers regarding any program, including this one, leading to a non- officialization of it and demanding initiatives from the others UAPS that don‟t support the treatment offering. The rotativity of the staff, including the managers, and the type of contract also appears as a drawback, making more difficult the support and the continuity of the treatment. The organization of the National Program reflects on the development of the tabagism control Policy in the states and cities. There is a lack of interaction between the different coordination levels, means of the communication, an accurate evaluation system and financing the program. The realization of this paper lead to a reflection about the Tabagism Program in both levels, national and local, from the results presented some suggestions are given in order to assure the continuity of the program and its accesses for all the population.

Depois de pequena compilação sobre dependência e abstinência tabágica, são consideradas as formas e tipos clínicos associados ao tabagismo: psicopático, limite, neurótico, narcísico, psicótico, hedônico, depressivo, bulímico. Aspectos da psicopatologia e da etiopatogenia do tabagismo são apresentados. Dependence and withdraw syndromes related with tobacco are mentioned. Clinical forms and types associated to tabagism considered are: psychopathic, borderline, neurotic, narcisic, psychotic, depressive, hedonic, and bulimic. Psychopathological and etio-pathogenic factors of tabagism are listed.