1,355 results on '"t2d"'
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2. Microvessel co-transplantation improves poor remuscularization by hiPSC-cardiomyocytes in a complex disease model of myocardial infarction and type 2 diabetes
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Sun, Xuetao, Wu, Jun, Mourad, Omar, Li, Renke, and Nunes, Sara S.
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- 2025
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3. Psychosocial and behavioral risk patterns and risk of cardiovascular complications in people with type 2 diabetes
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Wu, Xiu, Zu, Yuanhao, Li, Danting, and Yoshida, Yilin
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- 2025
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4. Use of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in people with history of acute pancreatitis: TriNetX analysis
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Nassar, Mahmoud, Abosheaishaa, Hazem, Misra, Anoop, Dandona, Paresh, Ghanim, Husam, and Chaudhuri, Ajay
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- 2025
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5. Developing an AI-Based clinical decision support system for basal insulin titration in type 2 diabetes in primary Care: A Mixed-Methods evaluation using heuristic Analysis, user Feedback, and eye tracking
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Thomsen, Camilla Heisel Nyholm, Kronborg, Thomas, Hangaard, Stine, Vestergaard, Peter, and Jensen, Morten Hasselstrøm
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- 2025
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6. Unraveling the potential effects of non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (nsSNPs) on the Protein structure and function of the human SLC30A8 gene on type 2 diabetes and colorectal cancer: An In silico approach
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Uddin, Md. Moin, Hossain, Md. Tanvir, Hossain, Md. Arju, Ahsan, Asif, Shamim, Kamrul Hasan, Hossen, Md. Arif, Rahman, Md. Shahinur, Rahman, Md Habibur, Ahmed, Kawsar, Bui, Francis M., and Al-Zahrani, Fahad Ahmed more...
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- 2024
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7. Positive interactions among Corynebacterium glutamicum and keystone bacteria producing SCFAs benefited T2D mice to rebuild gut eubiosis
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Ye, Jianming, Li, Yihua, Wang, Xiaochen, Yu, Mengxi, Liu, Xuehua, Zhang, Huaxin, Meng, Qiang, Majeed, Usman, Jian, Lijuan, Song, Wei, Xue, Weiming, Luo, Yane, and Yue, Tianli
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- 2023
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8. Real-world use of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes: A retrospective database study (DEFINE-G)
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Ohsugi, Mitsuru, Eguchi, Kosei, Thietje Mortensen, Julie, Yamamoto, Yuiko, and Ueki, Kohjiro
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- 2023
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9. Blocking IL-6 signaling improves glucose tolerance via SLC39A5-mediated suppression of glucagon secretion
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Chen, Wenli, Cui, Weiyi, Wu, Jianhong, Zheng, Wen, Sun, Xueting, Zhang, Jie, Shang, Haibao, Yuan, Ye, Li, Xue, Wang, Jue, Hu, Xinli, Chen, Liangyi, Zeng, Fanxin, Xiao, Rui-Ping, and Zhang, Xiuqin
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- 2023
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10. Comparing cardiovascular benefits between GLP-1 receptor agonists and SGLT2 inhibitors as an add-on to metformin among patients with type 2 diabetes: A retrospective cohort study
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DeRemer, Christina E., Vouri, Scott M., Guo, Jingchuan, Donahoo, William T., Winterstein, Almut G., and Shao, Hui
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- 2021
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11. Cinnamon treatment shows promise for glycemic control but may cause adverse effects in some people
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Bosque-Plata, Laura del and Gragnoli, Claudia
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- 2025
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12. Deciphering the Association: Critical HDL-C Levels and Their Impact on the Glycation Gap in People Living with HIV.
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Anaya-Ambriz, Elsa J., Alvarez-Zavala, Monserrat, González-Hernández, Luz A., Andrade-Villanueva, Jaime F., Zuñiga-Quiñones, Sergio, Valle-Rodríguez, Adriana, Holguin-Aguirre, Tania E., and Sánchez-Reyes, Karina more...
- Abstract
People Living with HIV (PLWHIV) present an increased risk of developing non-communicable diseases, such as type 2 diabetes (T2D), making it crucial to optimize glycemic control and assess metabolic markers. HbA1c is considered the gold standard for evaluating glycemic control, while fructosamine (FA) offers advantages in assessing non-glycemic determinants. Discrepancies between HbA1c and FA are common and may be influenced by temporal factors. The Glycation Gap (G-gap) emerges as a tool to clarify these discrepancies. A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted involving PLWHIV with various glycemic statuses, as well as patients with T2D and controls. Sociodemographic data were collected along with blood samples to measure biochemical profiles and FA. HbA1c predicted from FA (pHbA1c) was calculated using a linear regression equation, facilitating G-gap determination. A positive correlation was found between G-gap and levels of VLDL-C and triglycerides (TG). Additionally, a negative correlation was observed between HDL-C levels < 40 mg/dL and a positive G-gap. These associations suggest that the G-gap may be a useful tool for metabolic evaluation in PLWHIV and a preventive method for identifying individuals at risk of developing chronic complications related to T2D. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2025
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13. Clinical Profile and Treatment Adherence in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Chronic Kidney Disease Who Initiate an SGLT2 Inhibitor: A Multi-cohort Study.
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Johannes, Catherine B., Ziemiecki, Ryan, Pladevall-Vila, Manel, Ebert, Natalie, Kovesdy, Csaba P., Thomsen, Reimar W., Baak, Brenda N., García-Sempere, Aníbal, Kanegae, Hiroshi, Coleman, Craig I., Walsh, Michael, Andersen, Ina Trolle, Rodríguez Bernal, Clara, Robles Cabaniñas, Celia, Christiansen, Christian Fynbo, Farjat, Alfredo E., Gay, Alain, Gee, Patrick, Herings, Ron M. C., and Hurtado, Isabel more...
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SODIUM-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors , *PATIENT compliance , *CHRONIC kidney failure , *TYPE 2 diabetes , *MEDICAL sciences - Abstract
Introduction: The clinical landscape for the treatment of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) is rapidly evolving. As part of the FOUNTAIN platform (NCT05526157; EUPAS48148), we described and compared cohorts of adult patients with CKD and T2D initiating a sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) before the launch of finerenone in Europe, Japan, and the United States (US). Methods: This was a multinational, multi-cohort study of patients with T2D in five data sources: the Danish National Health Registers (DNHR) (Denmark), PHARMO Data Network (The Netherlands), Valencia Health System Integrated Database (VID) (Spain), Japan Chronic Kidney Disease Database Extension (J-CKD-DB-Ex) (Japan), and Optum's de-identified Clinformatics® Data Mart Database (CDM) (US). Eligible patients had CKD (based on either diagnosis codes, eGFR values, and/or urine ACR) and initiated an SGLT2i between 2012 and 2021. Baseline demographic, lifestyle, and clinical characteristics were analyzed, and drug utilization patterns were described. Results: The final cohorts included 21,739 patients in DNHR, 381 in PHARMO, 31,785 in VID, 1157 in J-CKD-DB-Ex, and 56,219 in CDM. Across data sources, approximately 41–70% had CKD stage 1 or 2 at baseline; severe CKD (stage 4) was uncommon (1.6–6.7%). The median duration of SGLT2i therapy ranged from 7.5 months in PHARMO to 17.0 months in VID. At least 50% of patients were currently receiving SGLT2i treatment at 1 year after initiation. Conclusions: At a 1-year follow-up, at least half of the patients with CKD and T2D were receiving SGLT2i treatment across the data sources. In patients initiating SGLT2i, treatment options for T2D and CKD were heterogeneous and dynamic within and among data sources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2025
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14. The Role of microRNA-22 in Metabolism.
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Tomasini, Simone, Vigo, Paolo, Margiotta, Francesco, Scheele, Ulrik Søberg, Panella, Riccardo, and Kauppinen, Sakari
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THERAPEUTICS , *DUCHENNE muscular dystrophy , *TYPE 2 diabetes , *METABOLIC regulation , *HEART metabolism , *HOMEOSTASIS - Abstract
microRNA-22 (miR-22) plays a pivotal role in the regulation of metabolic processes and has emerged as a therapeutic target in metabolic disorders, including obesity, type 2 diabetes, and metabolic-associated liver diseases. While miR-22 exhibits context-dependent effects, promoting or inhibiting metabolic pathways depending on tissue and condition, current research highlights its therapeutic potential, particularly through inhibition strategies using chemically modified antisense oligonucleotides. This review examines the dual regulatory functions of miR-22 across key metabolic pathways, offering perspectives on its integration into next-generation diagnostic and therapeutic approaches while acknowledging the complexities of its roles in metabolic homeostasis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2025
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15. Serum ceramide and meteorin-like protein as potential biomarkers of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Sfayyih, Hussein Saeed, Jewad, Abdulkareem Mohammed, and Ali Khudhair, Hasan Abd
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CERAMIDES , *BLOOD serum analysis , *TYPE 2 diabetes , *BIOMARKERS , *DISEASE progression - Abstract
Objectives: The recent research aims to detect ceramide and meteorin-like proteins as potential markers for identifying type 2 diabetes and monitoring its progression. Methods: A cross-sectional study included three groups: type 2 diabetes without hypertension, type 2 diabetes with hypertension, and healthy control groups. Serum ceramide, meteorin-like protein, insulin, fasting blood glucose, lipid profile, and hemoglobin A1c levels were measured. Results: Higher concentrations of ceramide, fasting blood glucose, hemoglobin A1c, and the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance were observed in both type 2 diabetes groups compared to the healthy control group. In the type 2 diabetes group with hypertension, total cholesterol was elevated compared to the other study groups; however, the concentration of low/very-low-density lipoprotein was statistically higher than in the healthy control group. Serum meteorin-like protein was statistically lower in the type 2 diabetes group with hypertension than in the other study groups and positively correlated with fasting blood glucose in type 2 diabetes with hypertension. The ceramide level showed a significant positive correlation with meteorin-like protein across all study groups and with systolic blood pressure in the type 2 diabetes group with hypertension. In type 2 diabetes without hypertension, ceramide negatively correlated with the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance and fasting blood glucose. Conclusion: Elevated ceramide levels could accelerate type 2 diabetes progression. Meteorin-like protein levels were lower in type 2 diabetes with hypertension and higher in type 2 diabetes without hypertension. It positively correlated with fasting blood glucose in type 2 diabetes with hypertension, suggesting that meteorin-like protein may play a potential role in glycemic and blood pressure control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2025
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16. Trends in anti‐diabetic medication use, severe hyperglycaemia and severe hypoglycaemia among American Indian and Alaska Native Peoples, 2009–2013.
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Dai, Jiahui, Chang, Jenny, Choi, Jung M., Bullock, Ann, Manson, Spero M., O'Connell, Joan, and Jiang, Luohua
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TYPE 2 diabetes , *MEDICAL care , *DIABETES complications , *HYPOGLYCEMIA , *ALASKA Natives - Abstract
Aims: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) and its complications disproportionally affect American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) peoples. Prescribing decisions for anti‐diabetic medications are complicated and require balancing medication benefits, costs and side effects. Little is known about trends in anti‐diabetic medication use as well as acute diabetes complications among AI/AN adults. Here, we examined patterns and trends in anti‐diabetic medication use and rates of hospital admissions or emergency department (ED) visits due to severe hypoglycaemia and hyperglycaemia among AI/AN adults with T2D. Materials and Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of Indian Health Service (IHS) Improving Health Care Delivery Data Project. A total of 39 183 AI/AN adults aged ≥18 years with T2D who used IHS or Tribal health services during any of the fiscal years (FYs) 2009–2013 were included. Utilization rates of each class of anti‐diabetic medications and rates of severe hypoglycaemia and severe hyperglycaemia in emergency room and/or inpatient discharge diagnoses were calculated for each year. Longitudinal statistical models were fitted to examine time trends of anti‐diabetic medication use and complications. Results: During 2009–2013, use of metformin (56.0%–60.5%), insulin (31.4%–35.9%) and dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitors (1.4%–9.0%) increased, whereas the use of sulfonylureas (40.3%–32.9%) and thiazolidinediones (TZDs, 31.6%–8.8%) decreased significantly. Trends in severe hypoglycaemia (1.6%–0.8%) and severe hyperglycaemia (2.0%–1.6%) declined gradually. Conclusions: There were significant changes in the utilization of different anti‐diabetic medication classes during 2009–2013 among AI/AN adults with T2D. Concurrently, there were significant reductions in severe hypoglycaemia and severe hyperglycaemia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2025
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17. Citrobacter rodentium promotes brain cognitive dysfunction of type 2 diabetes mice by activating FXR mediated gut barrier damage.
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Li, Yuan, Chen, Song-tao, Zhang, Yao-yuan, Qin, Jin-feng, Zhu, Xiao, and Yin, Kai
- Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is an important risk factor for brain cognitive impairment, but the specific mechanism is still unclear. The imbalance of gut microbiota under pathological conditions (such as an increase in pathogenic bacteria) may be involved in the occurrence of various diseases. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of increased abundance of gut Citrobacter rodentium on cognitive function in T2D mice. Our results indicate that an increase in the abundance of Citrobacter rodentium leads to impaired intestinal barrier, elevated expression of inflammatory factors in blood and brain tissue, and promotes cognitive impairment in T2D mice. The specific pathway involves activation of farnesol X receptor (FXR) expression-mediated intestinal barrier dysfunction. The use of intestinal mucosal protectants and FXR inhibitors improved intestinal barrier function and brain cognitive function. Therefore, the research results provide a mechanistic link between the increased abundance of Citrobacter in the gut of T2D mice and brain cognitive function, and provide a reference for the occurrence of brain cognitive dysfunction in T2D. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2025
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18. Comparative effectiveness of Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass and sleeve gastrectomy in achieving diabetes remission in patients with diabetes‐related vascular diseases: A multicentred study.
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Ghusn, Wissam, Ma, Pearl, Ikemiya, Kayla, Salame, Marita, Hage, Karl, Mosleh, Kamal Abi, Storm, Andrew C., Kendrick, Michael, Abu Dayyeh, Barham K., Higa, Kelvin, and Ghanem, Omar M.
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SLEEVE gastrectomy , *PERIPHERAL vascular diseases , *STROKE , *DISEASE remission , *BARIATRIC surgery , *GASTRIC bypass - Abstract
Summary Metabolic and bariatric surgeries (MBS), including Roux‐en‐Y Gastric Bypass (RYGB) and Sleeve Gastrectomy (SG), have proven effective in promoting long‐term diabetes remission among patients with type‐2 diabetes (T2D). In this multicentre retrospective cohort study, we investigated the effectiveness of RYGB and SG in achieving diabetes remission, specifically among patients with T2D and vascular complications, while accounting for similar baseline diabetes severity. Although various scores predict diabetes remission after bariatric surgery, they do not consider diabetes‐related vascular complications, which can influence outcomes even in patients with similar baseline T2D severity. We collected preoperative data on microvascular (retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy) and macrovascular comorbidities (coronary artery disease, cerebrovascular accidents, peripheral artery disease) to compare the efficacy of RYGB and SG. Among 961 patients analysed, those with vascular complications showed higher remission rates with RYGB (OR: 1.97) compared to SG, despite similar baseline diabetes severity. Notably, RYGB patients with microvascular complications had a significant advantage in achieving T2D remission (OR: 2.95). However, no significant differences in remission were observed in patients with macrovascular complications. These findings suggest that RYGB may be more effective than SG in specific patient populations, particularly those with microvascular complications, emphasizing the need for personalized treatment strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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19. In Silico Identification and Functional Impact of Deleterious Nonsynonymous Single‐Nucleotide Polymorphisms (nsSNPs) in Type 2 Diabetes–Associated Genes in South Asian Populations.
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Rahman, Md. Hafizur, Islam, Md. Numan, Rabby, Md. Golam, Parul, Salina Shaheen, Hasan, Md. Mahmudul, Biswas, Mrityunjoy, and Jin, Xiaoye
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SOUTH Asians , *GENETIC variation , *GENETIC engineering , *SINGLE nucleotide polymorphisms , *TYPE 2 diabetes - Abstract
This study explores the impact of nonsynonymous single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (nsSNPs) on type 2 diabetes (T2D). The nsSNPs are genetic variations that alter amino acids within proteins, affecting protein structure and function. This study investigated seven candidate genes associated with T2D pathogenesis from genome‐wide association studies (GWASs) catalog datasets. Subsequently, six mutation‐prediction tools were employed to identify the most harmful nsSNPs within these candidate genes. Further analysis involved evaluating protein evolutionary conservation using the ConSurf server and assessing protein stability with I‐Mutant and MUpro. Functional and structural effects were predicted using MutPred2, Project HOPE, and FoldAmyloid tools. We obtained 42 of the most deleterious nsSNPs from identified candidate genes. Among these, 38 are located in highly conserved residues with a conservative score of 7–9. Furthermore, 20 of these conserved nsSNPs are found to decrease protein stability, with 18 of them classified as pathogenic mutations. These mutations can either reduce or increase protein size and can alter the charge and hydrophobic characteristics of the affected proteins. In addition, eight mutants from four genes were identified in amyloidogenic regions, suggesting a potential link to protein aggregation. These findings provide valuable insights into the physicochemical properties and structural changes associated with these deleterious nsSNPs. The study concludes that the distinctive physicochemical properties and significant structural changes of the identified nsSNPs suggest valuable insights for future research. Understanding these variants through large‐scale studies may pave the way for developing therapeutic interventions targeting genetic variations, ultimately improving our understanding of T2D pathogenesis and treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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20. The joint effect of cumulative metabolic parameters on the risk of type 2 diabetes: a population-based cohort study
- Author
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Wen-Yan Xiong, Yu-Hong Liu, Yi-Bing Fan, Xiao-Lin Zhu, Kun Zhou, and Hui Li
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Cumulative exposure ,Metabolic parameters ,T2D ,Cohort study ,Nutrition. Foods and food supply ,TX341-641 ,Nutritional diseases. Deficiency diseases ,RC620-627 - Abstract
Abstract Background and aims This study aimed to examine the cumulative effects of body mass index (BMI), body roundness index (BRI), pulse pressure (PP), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) on Type 2 diabetes (T2D) morbidity. Methods A total of 78,456 participants aged older than 45 years were extracted from basic public health services in China. During the 2-year follow-up, 6,942 individuals had developed T2D. The binary logistic regression models and multinomial logistic regression models were conducted to investigate the effects of cumulative metabolic parameters on incident T2D, prediabetes regression and progression. Results We found statistically deleterious impacts of exposure to high cumulative BMI, BRI, PP, TG and low cumulative HDL on T2D morbidity and prediabetes progression. Compared to the group with low cumulative of all five parameters, the adjusted ORs for new-onset T2D for participants presenting with 1–2, 3, and 4–5 elevated metabolic parameters were 1.41(1.31,1.52), 1.93(1.74,2.13) and 2.21(1.94,2.51), respectively. There was additive interaction between FPG level and cumulative metabolic parameters with T2D. Compared with participants with the lowest quartile of FPG and low cumulative of all 5 parameters, those with the highest quartile of FPG and high cumulative of 4–5 parameters had a 14.63 [95% CI (12.27, 17.42)] higher risk of incident T2D. Conclusions Participants with more numbers of high-cumulative metabolic parameters were associated with a higher risk of incident T2D and prediabetes progression. A high level of normal FPG could enhance these risks. more...
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- 2024
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21. Metabolic reprogramming of macrophages in the context of type 2 diabetes
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Leonel Witcoski Junior, Jordana Dinorá de Lima, Amanda Girardi Somensi, Lucas Brito de Souza Santos, Giulia Leonel Paschoal, Thalita Suemy Uada, Thais Sibioni Berti Bastos, André Guilherme Portela de Paula, Rebeca Bosso Dos Santos Luz, Andressa Pacheco Czaikovski, Mariana Rodrigues Davanso, and Tarcio Teodoro Braga more...
- Subjects
Immunometabolism ,T2D ,Macrophage ,Epigenetic modifications ,Medicine - Abstract
Abstract Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is associated with insulin resistance and progressive dysfunction of β-pancreatic cells, leading to persistent hyperglycemia. Macrophages play a crucial role in this context, influencing both the development and progression of insulin resistance. These innate immune cells respond to inflammatory stimuli and reprogram their metabolism, directly impacting the pathophysiology of T2D. Macrophages are highly plastic and can adopt either pro-inflammatory or pro-resolutive phenotypic profiles. In T2D, pro-inflammatory macrophages, which rely on glycolysis, exacerbate insulin resistance through increased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and nitric oxide. In contrast, pro-resolutive macrophages, which prioritize fatty acid metabolism, have different effects on glucose homeostasis. Metaflammation, a chronic low-grade inflammation, is induced by pro-inflammatory macrophages and significantly contributes to the progression of T2D, creating an environment conducive to metabolic dysfunction. This review aims to clarify the contribution of macrophages to the progression of T2D by detailing how their inflammatory responses and metabolic reprogramming influence insulin resistance and the disease’s pathophysiology. The review seeks to deepen the understanding of the biochemical and metabolic mechanisms involved, offering broader insights into the impact on the quality of life for millions of patients worldwide. more...
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- 2024
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22. Metabolic reprogramming of macrophages in the context of type 2 diabetes.
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Witcoski Junior, Leonel, de Lima, Jordana Dinorá, Somensi, Amanda Girardi, de Souza Santos, Lucas Brito, Paschoal, Giulia Leonel, Uada, Thalita Suemy, Bastos, Thais Sibioni Berti, de Paula, André Guilherme Portela, Dos Santos Luz, Rebeca Bosso, Czaikovski, Andressa Pacheco, Davanso, Mariana Rodrigues, and Braga, Tarcio Teodoro more...
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TYPE 2 diabetes ,METABOLIC reprogramming ,METABOLIC disorders ,NATURAL immunity ,INSULIN resistance ,HYPERGLYCEMIA - Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is associated with insulin resistance and progressive dysfunction of β-pancreatic cells, leading to persistent hyperglycemia. Macrophages play a crucial role in this context, influencing both the development and progression of insulin resistance. These innate immune cells respond to inflammatory stimuli and reprogram their metabolism, directly impacting the pathophysiology of T2D. Macrophages are highly plastic and can adopt either pro-inflammatory or pro-resolutive phenotypic profiles. In T2D, pro-inflammatory macrophages, which rely on glycolysis, exacerbate insulin resistance through increased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and nitric oxide. In contrast, pro-resolutive macrophages, which prioritize fatty acid metabolism, have different effects on glucose homeostasis. Metaflammation, a chronic low-grade inflammation, is induced by pro-inflammatory macrophages and significantly contributes to the progression of T2D, creating an environment conducive to metabolic dysfunction. This review aims to clarify the contribution of macrophages to the progression of T2D by detailing how their inflammatory responses and metabolic reprogramming influence insulin resistance and the disease's pathophysiology. The review seeks to deepen the understanding of the biochemical and metabolic mechanisms involved, offering broader insights into the impact on the quality of life for millions of patients worldwide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Pharmaco‐Economic Assessment of Screening Strategies for High‐Risk MASLD in Primary Care.
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Younossi, Zobair M., Paik, James M., Henry, Linda, Stepanova, Maria, and Nader, Fatema
- Abstract
ABSTRACT Background and Aims Methods Results Conclusions Several scientific associations recommend a sequential combination of non‐invasive tests (NITs) to identify high‐risk MASLD patients but their cost‐effectiveness is unknown.A cost‐utility model was developed to assess the incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio (ICER) of recommended screening strategies for patients with clinically suspected MASLD, specifically those with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and obesity with multiple cardiometabolic risk factors which will be initiated in primary care. Six screening strategies were assessed, using either vibration‐controlled transient elastography (VCTE) or the enhanced liver fibrosis (ELF) test as a second‐line test following an initial Fibrosis‐4 (FIB‐4) assessment as the first line NIT. The model included treatment effects of resmetirom for metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatohepatitis (MASH) patients with F2 or F3 fibrosis.All screening strategies for high‐risk MASLD in US incurred additional costs compared to no screening, ranging from $13 587 to $14 730 per patient with T2D and $14 274 to $15 661 per patient with obesity. However, screening reduced long‐term costs, ranging from $22 150 to $22 279 per patient with T2D and $13 704 to $13 705 per patient with obesity, compared to $24 221 and $14 956 for no screening, respectively. ICERs ranged from $26 913 to $27 884 per QALY for T2D patients and $23 265 to $24 992 per QALY for patients with obesity. While ICERs were influenced by VCTE availability, they remained cost‐effective when using ELF as the second‐line test. Our findings remain robust across a range of key parameters.Screening for high‐risk MASLD is cost‐effective according to recent guidelines. Implementing these screening strategies in primary care should be considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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24. The joint effect of cumulative metabolic parameters on the risk of type 2 diabetes: a population-based cohort study.
- Author
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Xiong, Wen-Yan, Liu, Yu-Hong, Fan, Yi-Bing, Zhu, Xiao-Lin, Zhou, Kun, and Li, Hui
- Subjects
RISK assessment ,HIGH density lipoproteins ,PREDIABETIC state ,BODY mass index ,MULTIPLE regression analysis ,BLOOD sugar ,LONGITUDINAL method ,ODDS ratio ,TYPE 2 diabetes ,ANTHROPOMETRY ,BLOOD pressure ,TRIGLYCERIDES ,COMPARATIVE studies ,CONFIDENCE intervals ,DISEASE risk factors - Abstract
Background and aims: This study aimed to examine the cumulative effects of body mass index (BMI), body roundness index (BRI), pulse pressure (PP), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) on Type 2 diabetes (T2D) morbidity. Methods: A total of 78,456 participants aged older than 45 years were extracted from basic public health services in China. During the 2-year follow-up, 6,942 individuals had developed T2D. The binary logistic regression models and multinomial logistic regression models were conducted to investigate the effects of cumulative metabolic parameters on incident T2D, prediabetes regression and progression. Results: We found statistically deleterious impacts of exposure to high cumulative BMI, BRI, PP, TG and low cumulative HDL on T2D morbidity and prediabetes progression. Compared to the group with low cumulative of all five parameters, the adjusted ORs for new-onset T2D for participants presenting with 1–2, 3, and 4–5 elevated metabolic parameters were 1.41(1.31,1.52), 1.93(1.74,2.13) and 2.21(1.94,2.51), respectively. There was additive interaction between FPG level and cumulative metabolic parameters with T2D. Compared with participants with the lowest quartile of FPG and low cumulative of all 5 parameters, those with the highest quartile of FPG and high cumulative of 4–5 parameters had a 14.63 [95% CI (12.27, 17.42)] higher risk of incident T2D. Conclusions: Participants with more numbers of high-cumulative metabolic parameters were associated with a higher risk of incident T2D and prediabetes progression. A high level of normal FPG could enhance these risks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Role of LRP5/6/GSK‐3β/β‐catenin in the differences in exenatide‐ and insulin‐promoted T2D osteogenesis and osteomodulation.
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Chen, Zijun, Wang, Yuxi, Zhang, Guanhua, Zheng, Jian, Tian, Lei, Song, Yingliang, and Liu, Xiangdong
- Subjects
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MESENCHYMAL stem cells , *LABORATORY rats , *WNT genes , *TYPE 2 diabetes , *INSULIN therapy - Abstract
Background and Purpose: Insulin and exenatide are two hypoglycaemic agents that exhibit different osteogenic effects. This study compared the differences between exenatide and insulin in osseointegration in a rat model of Type 2 diabetes (T2D) and explored the mechanisms promoting osteogenesis in this model of T2D. Experimental Approach: In vivo, micro‐CT was used to detect differences in the peri‐implant bone microstructure in vivo. Histology, dual‐fluorescent labelling, immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry were used to detect differences in tissue, cell and protein expression around the implants. In vitro, RT‐PCR and western blotting were used to measure the expression of osteogenesis‐ and Wnt signalling‐related genes and proteins in bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (BMSCs) from rats with T2D (TBMSCs) after PBS, insulin and exenatide treatment. RT‐PCR was used to detect the expression of Wnt bypass cascade reactions under Wnt inactivation. Key Results: Micro‐CT and section staining showed exenatide extensively promoted peri‐implant osseointegration. Both in vivo and in vitro experiments showed exenatide substantially increased the expression of osteogenesis‐related and activated the LRP5/6/GSK‐3β/β‐catenin‐related Wnt pathway. Furthermore, exenatide suppressed expression of Bmpr1a to inhibit lipogenesis and promoted expression of Btrc to suppress inflammation. Conclusion and Implications: Compared to insulin, exenatide significantly improved osteogenesis in T2D rats and TBMSCs. In addition to its dependence on LRP5/6/GSK‐3β/β‐catenin signalling for osteogenic differentiation, exenatide‐mediated osteomodulation also involves inhibition of inflammation and adipogenesis by BMPR1A and β‐TrCP, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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26. Tirzepatide a novel anti diabetic molecule unfold dual action.
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Sweta, Gupta, Sumeet, Bansal, Seema, Devi, Siwani, Sharma, Sheenam, Laxmi, and Deepa
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CARDIOVASCULAR disease prevention , *KIDNEY disease prevention , *GLUCAGON-like peptide-1 agonists , *NON-alcoholic fatty liver disease , *INCRETINS , *GLYCEMIC control , *BODY weight , *PANCREATIC beta cells , *HYPOGLYCEMIC agents , *INSULIN , *GASTROINTESTINAL hormones , *PHARMACY information services , *TYPE 2 diabetes , *MOLECULAR structure , *DRUG interactions , *DRUG efficacy , *OBESITY , *CELL receptors , *PHARMACODYNAMICS , *CHEMICAL inhibitors - Abstract
This review article provides an in-depth examination of various aspects related to tirzepatide, a synthetic peptide given the positive signal by the "United States Food and Drug Administration" for managing type 2 diabetes. Beginning with an overview of diabetes introduction, epidemiology, and issues related to β-cell dysfunction, is explored in the narrative. It further delves into the significance of incretins in the context of diabetes and introduces tirzepatide as a novel "twincretin" owing to its dual agonistic activity on the glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) receptors. The document delves into the chemistry and structure of tirzepatide, providing insights into its unique composition of 39 amino acids derived from native GLP-1, GIP, and semaglutide sequences. Tirzepatide's pharmacology, with a focus on its pharmacokinetic characteristics, and its mechanism of action (MOA) are extensively discussed. Notably, tirzepatide exhibits a preference for GIP receptors, leading to effective reduction of hyperglycemia and positive effects on pancreatic β-cells. Clinical trials examining tirzepatide's impact on glycemic and obesity control are detailed, demonstrating its efficacy in reducing body weight and appetite. Furthermore, the review article explores tirzepatide's effects on cardiovascular and kidney function, highlighting potential renal benefits for diabetic and elevated cardiovascular risk individuals. The narrative also addresses the association between tirzepatide and NAFLD, emphasizing potential benefits in mitigating NAFLD outcomes. Additionally, a comprehensive overview of tirzepatide's side effects, supported by scientific trials, is presented in this article. In conclusion, this review article provides a thorough examination of tirzepatide's multifaceted impact on diabetes management, shedding light on its pharmacological properties, clinical implications, and potential side effects. The information presented contributes to a comprehensive understanding of tirzepatide's role in the evolving landscape of T2D therapeutics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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27. Selenium, diabetes, and their intricate sex-specific relationship.
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Demircan, Kamil, Chillon, Thilo Samson, Bang, Jeyoung, Gladyshev, Vadim N., and Schomburg, Lutz
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GESTATIONAL diabetes , *TYPE 2 diabetes , *RANDOMIZED controlled trials , *GLUTATHIONE peroxidase , *TRACE elements - Abstract
Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element associated with both beneficial and detrimental health effects; deficiency and uncontrolled self-supplementation are both issues of concern. Secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial and observational studies indicate that Se is a potential risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). The association between Se and diabetes may be sex specific, with potentially increased risk in men and an inverse association in women, particularly for gestational diabetes mellitus during pregnancy. Recent observational evidence suggests that high Se status favorably affects all-cause mortality risk in patients with manifest diabetes and reduces macrovascular T2D. Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element, which is inserted as selenocysteine (Sec) into selenoproteins during biosynthesis, orchestrating their expression and activity. Se is associated with both beneficial and detrimental health effects; deficient supply or uncontrolled supplementation raises concerns. In particular, Se was associated with an increased incidence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in a secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial (RCT). In this review, we discuss the intricate relationship between Se and diabetes and the limitations of the available clinical and experimental studies. Recent evidence points to sexual dimorphism and an association of Se deficiency with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). We highlight the emerging evidence linking high Se status with improved prognosis in patients with T2D and lower risk of macrovascular complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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28. Exploring the Association between Obesity, Inflammation, and Type II Diabetes: Insights from Body Mass Index Correlation and Immune Response Analysis.
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Kadhim, Hawraa I. and Kadhim, Ali Saad
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TYPE 2 diabetes ,BODY mass index ,BIOMARKERS ,IMMUNE response ,DIABETES - Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a group of physiological disorders characterized by a prolonged hyperglycemic state caused by insulin secretion and activity. Recently, several study positive correlations between the increase in BMI and T2D. Additionally, the immune system has contributed to the pathogenicity of T2D in obese individuals. The current study sought to investigate the correlation between obesity and inflammation in obese T2D and obese non-T2D individuals and also detected the role of increasing BMI in obese individuals and developing T2D. The finding involved 100 participants (50 obeseT2D and 50 obese without T2D). The serum of all participants underwent the following immunological and biochemistry tests, which include FBS, Insulin, IAA, ANA, BMI, and HOMA-IR. This study revealed that obese males develop T2D more than females (60.0%, 40.0% respectively) Moreover, Obese T2D and obese without T2D individuals were increased concentrations of IgG in serum levels with markers (ANA, HOMA-IR, and IL-6). While IgG levels in IAA serum were considerably greater in obese T2D individuals only. Furthermore, BMI has been positively associated with an increasing level of ANA, HOMA-IR, and IL-6 in both groups. This investigation unveiled a direct correlation between escalating BMI and the incidence of T2D. Additionally, it revealed the active impact of obesity on the immune response and its consequential contribution to the pathogenesis of T2D. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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29. Genome-wide linkage and association of novel genes and pathways with type 2 diabetes in Italian families
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Mutaz Amin and Claudia Gragnoli
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Type 2 diabetes ,T2D ,Single nucleotide polymorphisms ,SNPs ,Genome-wide ,Linkage ,Medicine - Abstract
Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) stands as one of the most prevalent chronic diseases globally, posing substantial health and economic burdens on society. Within the spectrum of T2D, familial cases emerge as a distinct entity characterized by a strong familial clustering of the disease. This phenomenon has long suggested that genetics contributes substantially to T2D susceptibility, motivating extensive research into the genetic determinants of familial T2D. Methods: We recruited 212 multigenerational Italian families with multiple cases of T2D. The families were genotyped using genomic array (≥ 600k) derived from the UK Biobank Axiom Array platform. Informative markers were tested via Pseudomarker for linkage to and linkage disequilibrium (i.e., linkage joint to association) with T2D across the following models: dominant with complete penetrance (D1), dominant with incomplete penetrance (D2), recessive with complete penetrance (R1), and recessive with incomplete penetrance (R2). Results: We identified a total of 566 variants reaching genome-wide significant (P more...
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- 2024
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30. Gut microbiome encoded purine and amino acid pathways present prospective biomarkers for predicting metformin therapy efficacy in newly diagnosed T2D patients
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Ilze Elbere, Zigmunds Orlovskis, Laura Ansone, Ivars Silamikelis, Lauma Jagare, Liga Birzniece, Kaspars Megnis, Kristaps Leskovskis, Annija Vaska, Maris Turks, Kristaps Klavins, Valdis Pirags, Monta Briviba, and Janis Klovins more...
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Gut microbiome ,metformin ,T2D ,biomarkers ,functional profile ,metabolic analysis ,Diseases of the digestive system. Gastroenterology ,RC799-869 - Abstract
Metformin is widely used for treating type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). However, the efficacy of metformin monotherapy is highly variable within the human population. Understanding the potential indirect or synergistic effects of metformin on gut microbiota composition and encoded functions could potentially offer new insights into predicting treatment efficacy and designing more personalized treatments in the future. We combined targeted metabolomics and metagenomic profiling of gut microbiomes in newly diagnosed T2D patients before and after metformin therapy to identify potential pre-treatment biomarkers and functional signatures for metformin efficacy and induced changes in metformin therapy responders. Our sequencing data were largely corroborated by our metabolic profiling and identified that pre-treatment enrichment of gut microbial functions encoding purine degradation and glutamate biosynthesis was associated with good therapy response. Furthermore, we identified changes in glutamine-associated amino acid (arginine, ornithine, putrescine) metabolism that characterize differences in metformin efficacy before and after the therapy. Moreover, metformin Responders’ microbiota displayed a shifted balance between bacterial lipidA synthesis and degradation as well as alterations in glutamate-dependent metabolism of N-acetyl-galactosamine and its derivatives (e.g. CMP-pseudaminate) which suggest potential modulation of bacterial cell walls and human gut barrier, thus mediating changes in microbiome composition. Together, our data suggest that glutamine and associated amino acid metabolism as well as purine degradation products may potentially condition metformin activity via its multiple effects on microbiome functional composition and therefore serve as important biomarkers for predicting metformin efficacy. more...
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- 2024
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31. A Receptor Story: Insulin Resistance Pathophysiology and Physiologic Insulin Resensitization's Role as a Treatment Modality.
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Lewis, Stanley T, Greenway, Frank, Tucker, Tori R, Alexander, Michael, Jackson, Levonika K, Hepford, Scott A, Loveridge, Brian, and Lakey, Jonathan RT
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Humans ,Diabetes Mellitus ,Type 2 ,Insulin Resistance ,Insulin ,Blood Glucose ,Ligands ,Insulin ,Regular ,Human ,T2D ,carbohydrate metabolism ,diabetes ,insulin resistance ,physiologic insulin resensitization ,Clinical Research ,Diabetes ,Prevention ,Metabolic and endocrine ,Other Chemical Sciences ,Genetics ,Other Biological Sciences ,Chemical Physics - Abstract
Physiologic insulin secretion consists of an oscillating pattern of secretion followed by distinct trough periods that stimulate ligand and receptor activation. Apart from the large postprandial bolus release of insulin, β cells also secrete small amounts of insulin every 4-8 min independent of a meal. Insulin resistance is associated with a disruption in the normal cyclical pattern of insulin secretion. In the case of type-2 diabetes, β-cell mass is reduced due to apoptosis and β cells secrete insulin asynchronously. When ligand/receptors are constantly exposed to insulin, a negative feedback loop down regulates insulin receptor availability to insulin, creating a relative hyperinsulinemia. The relative excess of insulin leads to insulin resistance (IR) due to decreased receptor availability. Over time, progressive insulin resistance compromises carbohydrate metabolism, and may progress to type-2 diabetes (T2D). In this review, we discuss insulin resistance pathophysiology and the use of dynamic exogenous insulin administration in a manner consistent with more normal insulin secretion periodicity to reverse insulin resistance. Administration of insulin in such a physiologic manner appears to improve insulin sensitivity, lower HgbA1c, and, in some instances, has been associated with the reversal of end-organ damage that leads to complications of diabetes. This review outlines the rationale for how the physiologic secretion of insulin orchestrates glucose metabolism, and how mimicking this secretion profile may serve to improve glycemic control, reduce cellular inflammation, and potentially improve outcomes in patients with diabetes. more...
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- 2023
32. Generalizability of kidney and cardiovascular protection by finerenone to the real world in Italy: insights from Fidelio and Figaro studies
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De Cosmo, Salvatore, Pontremoli, Roberto, Giandalia, Annalisa, Manicardi, Valeria, Rocca, Alberto, Nicolucci, Antonio, Rossi, Maria Chiara, Lucisano, Giuseppe, Graziano, Giusi, Di Bartolo, Paolo, Di Cianni, Graziano, Candido, Riccardo, and Russo, Giuseppina T. more...
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- 2024
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33. A randomized double blind placebo controlled trial to assess the safety and efficacy of a patented fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) seed extract in Type 2 diabetics
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Rajinder Singh Gupta, Amarjit Singh Grover, Pawan Kumar, Apurva Goel, Samudra P. Banik, Sanjoy Chakraborty, Mehul Rungta, Manashi Bagchi, Partha Pal, and Debasis Bagchi
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fenugreek (trigonella foenum-graecum) seeds ,t2d ,clinical investigation ,fasting glucose ,post-prandial glucose ,hba1c ,antihyperglycemic therapeutic ,Nutrition. Foods and food supply ,TX341-641 - Abstract
Background: Fenugreek plant (Trigonella foenum-graecum) constitutes a traditionally acclaimed herbal remedy for many human ailments including diabetes, obesity, neurodegenerative diseases, and reproductive disorders. It is also used as an effective anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and anti-fungal agent. The seed of the plant is especially enriched in several bioactive molecules including polyphenols, saponins, alkaloids, and flavonoids and has demonstrated potential to act as an antidiabetic phytotherapeutic. A novel patented formulation (Fenfuro®) was developed in our laboratory from the fenugreek seeds which contained >45% furostanolic saponins (HPLC). Objective: A placebo-controlled clinical compliance study was designed to assess the effects of complementing Fenfuro® on a randomized group of human volunteers on antidiabetic therapy (Metformin and sulphonylurea) in controlling the glycemic index along with simultaneous safety assessment. Study methodology and trial design: In a randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 42 individuals (21 male and 21 female volunteers) in the treatment group (out of 57 enrolled) and 39 individuals (17 male and 22 female volunteers) in the placebo group (out of 47 enrolled), all on antidiabetic therapy with Metformin/Metformin with sulphonyl urea within the age group of 18–65 years were administered either 1,000 mg (500 mg × 2) (Fenfuro®) capsules or placebo over a period of 12 consecutive weeks. Fasting and postprandial glucose along with glycated hemoglobin were determined as primary outcomes to assess the antidiabetic potential of the formulation. Moreover, in order to evaluate the safety of the formulation, C-peptide and Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) levels as well as immunohematological parameters were assessed between the treatment and placebo groups at the completion of the study. Results: After 12 weeks of administration, both fasting as well as postprandial serum glucose levels decreased by 38 and 44% respectively in the treatment group. Simultaneously, a significant reduction in glycated hemoglobin by about 34.7% was also noted. The formulation did not have any adverse effect on the study subjects as there was no significant change in C- peptide level and TSH level; liver, kidney, and cardiovascular function was also found to be normal as assessed by serum levels of key immunohematological parameters. No adverse events were reported. Conclusion: This clinical compliance study re-instated and established the safety and efficacy of Fenfuro® as an effective phytotherapeutic to treat hyperglycemia. more...
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- 2024
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34. Serum selenium and fasting blood glucose: a cross-sectional study in women of different menopause status
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Xiao-Man Ma, Ke-Xuan Li, Yu-Miao Guo, Shu-Yi Jiang, Wan-Zhe Liao, and Xu-Guang Guo
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Serum selenium ,Fasting blood glucose ,Menopause ,T2D ,Cross-sectional study ,Gynecology and obstetrics ,RG1-991 ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
Abstract Background This cross-sectional study aims to explore whether there exists an interaction between selenium and menopause concerning type 2 diabetes (T2D) prevalence and its related indicators such as fasting blood glucose (FBG) and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Methods 150 women aged 35–60 years old were finally analyzed in this study. Multivariate linear or logistic regression modeling was conducted to explore the association of selenium and the prevalence of T2D besides its related indicators. Subgroup analyses were conducted based on menopause status to assess the potential impact on the relationship. Results In the fully adjusted model, serum selenium was positively associated with FBG (β: 0.03, CI: 0.01–0.05) and the prevalence of T2D (OR: 1.04, CI: 1.00–1.08). After stratifying the data by menopause status, compared with the postmenopausal women group, as the serum selenium concentrations increased, the FBG concentrations were significantly higher in the premenopausal women group (p for interaction = 0.0020). Conclusions The present study found serum selenium was positively associated with FBG and the prevalence of T2D. Furthermore, the relationship between serum selenium and FBG was different in the premenopausal and postmenopausal women. More studies are still needed in the future to verify the relationship as well as to explore the specific mechanisms. more...
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- 2024
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35. Assessment of Risk Factors for the Development of Diabetic Retinopathy in T2D
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Asadullah JATOI
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risk factors ,diabetic retinopathy ,t2d ,Medicine ,Medicine (General) ,R5-920 - Abstract
Objective: To estimate the risk factors that contributes to the incidence of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in type 2 diabetes (T2D). Methodology: We conducted serial fundus photography in individuals at high risk of developing type 2 diabetes, including after the onset of diabetes. The ETDRS (Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study) grading system was used to evaluate the fundus photographs. Results: A total of 400 participants with a 3:3.6 male-to-female ratio were included in this study. The T2 DM patients with mean age 48.73±9.24 and 47.53±8.53 years with and without retinopathy respectively were observed, which shows that there is a non-significant difference (p=0.801). The differences in weight and BMI in T2 D participants with and without diabetic retinopathy were also not significant. The study found that the history of pregnancy, history of gestational DM, measures of HOMA-B, HOMA-IR, insulin genic index, oral disposition index, urine albumin to creatinine ratio, and hs-CRP were not associated with the presence of retinopathy. Association of nonglycemic risk factors in T2D. The study found that mean HbA1c during follow-up was significantly associated (P < 0.0001) with the prevalence of retinopathy, The study found that retinopathy was associated with measures of higher blood pressure (systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and presence of hypertension) and lipid profile. Conclusions: The development of DR can occur in the early stages of T2D. Hemoglobin A1c was found to be a significant risk factor for the occurrence of DR across the intact glycemic range in patients with T2D. more...
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- 2024
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36. Psychological Support Strategies for Adults With Type 2 Diabetes in a Very Low–Carbohydrate Web-Based Program: Randomized Controlled Trial
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Saslow, Laura R, Missel, Amanda L, O’Brien, Alison, Kim, Sarah, Hecht, Frederick M, Moskowitz, Judith T, Bayandorian, Hovig, Pietrucha, Martha, Raymond, Kate, Richards, Blair, Liestenfeltz, Bradley, Mason, Ashley E, Daubenmier, Jennifer, and Aikens, James E more...
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Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Nutrition and Dietetics ,Clinical Sciences ,Behavioral and Social Science ,Diabetes ,Obesity ,Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities ,Clinical Research ,Nutrition ,Prevention ,Metabolic and endocrine ,Good Health and Well Being ,T2D ,eHealth ,glycemic control ,self-monitoring ,text messages ,type 2 diabetes ,very low–carbohydrate diet ,weight loss ,Clinical sciences - Abstract
BackgroundA very low-carbohydrate (VLC) nutritional strategy may improve glycemic control and weight loss in adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, the supplementary behavioral strategies that might be able to improve outcomes using this nutritional strategy are uncertain.ObjectiveThis study aims to compare the impact of adding 3 different supplementary behavioral strategies to a web-based VLC diet intervention. To our knowledge, this is the first trial to randomize participants to different frequencies of dietary self-monitoring.MethodsThe study included 112 overweight adults with T2D (hemoglobin A1c ≥6.5%) taking no antiglycemic medications or only metformin. They received a remotely delivered 12-month VLC diet intervention. Participants were randomly assigned through a full factorial 2×2×2 design to supplementary strategies: either daily or monthly dietary self-monitoring, either mindful eating training or not, and either positive affect skills training or not. Our research goal was to determine whether 3 different supplemental strategies had at least a medium effect size (Cohen d=0.5).ResultsOverall, the VLC intervention led to statistically significant improvements in glycemic control (-0.70%, 95% CI -1.04% to -0.35%; P more...
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- 2023
37. Effect of pegbelfermin on NASH and fibrosis-related biomarkers and correlation with histological response in the FALCON 1 trial
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Brown, Elizabeth A, Minnich, Anne, Sanyal, Arun J, Loomba, Rohit, Du, Shuyan, Schwarz, John, Ehman, Richard L, Karsdal, Morten, Leeming, Diana J, Cizza, Giovanni, and Charles, Edgar D
- Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Clinical Sciences ,Digestive Diseases ,Chronic Liver Disease and Cirrhosis ,Liver Disease ,Clinical Research ,Hepatitis ,Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities ,4.1 Discovery and preclinical testing of markers and technologies ,4.2 Evaluation of markers and technologies ,Detection ,screening and diagnosis ,Oral and gastrointestinal ,Cancer ,Good Health and Well Being ,fibroblast growth factor 21 ,non-alcoholic steatohepatitis ,liver fibrosis ,steatosis ,precirrhotic NASH ,SomaSignal ,ALT ,alanine aminotransferase ,APRI ,AST-to-platelet ratio index ,AST ,aspartate aminotransferase ,CK-18 M30 ,caspase-cleaved cytokeratin 18 ,ELF ,enhanced liver fibrosis ,FGF21 ,fibroblast growth factor 21 ,FIB-4 ,fibrosis-4 index ,MRE ,magnetic resonance elastography ,MRI-PDFF ,MRI-proton density fat fraction ,NAFLD ,non-alcoholic fatty liver disease ,NAS ,NAFLD activity score ,NASH ,non-alcoholic steatohepatitis ,P3NP ,procollagen-3 N-terminal propeptide ,PC3X ,crosslinked ADAMTS-2-released N-terminal type III collagen propeptide ,PGBF ,pegbelfermin ,PRO-C3 ,monomeric ADAMTS-2-released N-terminal type III collagen propeptide ,T2D ,type 2 diabetes ,TG ,triglycerides ,TIMP-1 ,tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases type 1 ,Clinical sciences - Abstract
Background & aimsFALCON 1 was a phase IIb study of pegbelfermin in patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and stage 3 fibrosis. This FALCON 1 post hoc analysis aimed to further assess the effect of pegbelfermin on NASH-related biomarkers, correlations between histological assessments and non-invasive biomarkers, and concordance between the week 24 histologically assessed primary endpoint response and biomarkers.MethodsBlood-based composite fibrosis scores, blood-based biomarkers, and imaging biomarkers were evaluated for patients with available data from FALCON 1 at baseline through week 24. SomaSignal tests assessed protein signatures of NASH steatosis, inflammation, ballooning, and fibrosis in blood. Linear mixed-effect models were fit for each biomarker. Correlations and concordance were assessed between blood-based biomarkers, imaging, and histological metrics.ResultsAt week 24, pegbelfermin significantly improved blood-based composite fibrosis scores (ELF, FIB-4, APRI), fibrogenesis biomarkers (PRO-C3 and PC3X), adiponectin, CK-18, hepatic fat fraction measured by MRI-proton density fat fraction, and all four SomaSignal NASH component tests. Correlation analyses between histological and non-invasive measures identified four main categories: steatosis/metabolism, tissue injury, fibrosis, and biopsy-based metrics. Concordant and discordant effects of pegbelfermin on the primary endpoint vs. biomarker responses were observed; the most clear and concordant effects were on measures of liver steatosis and metabolism. A significant association between hepatic fat measured histologically and by imaging was observed in pegbelfermin arms.ConclusionsPegbelfermin improved NASH-related biomarkers most consistently through improvement of liver steatosis, though biomarkers of tissue injury/inflammation and fibrosis were also improved. Concordance analysis shows that non-invasive assessments of NASH support and exceed the improvements detected by liver biopsy, suggesting that greater consideration should be given to the totality of available data when evaluating the efficacy of NASH therapeutics.Clinical trial numberPost hoc analysis of NCT03486899.Impact and implicationsFALCON 1 was a study of pegbelfermin vs. placebo in patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) without cirrhosis; in this study, patients who responded to pegbelfermin treatment were identified through examination of liver fibrosis in tissue samples collected through biopsy. In the current analysis, non-invasive blood- and imaging-based measures of fibrosis, liver fat, and liver injury were used to determine pegbelfermin treatment response to see how they compared with the biopsy-based results. We found that many of the non-invasive tests, particularly those that measured liver fat, identified patients who responded to pegbelfermin treatment, consistent with the liver biopsy findings. These results suggest that there may be additional value in using data from non-invasive tests, along with liver biopsy, to evaluate how well patients with NASH respond to treatment. more...
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- 2023
38. Helminth Infections and Diabetes: Mechanisms Accounting for Risk Amelioration.
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Rajamanickam, Anuradha and Babu, Subash
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INFLAMMATION prevention , *INSULIN sensitivity , *DEFENSE mechanisms (Psychology) , *HELMINTHIASIS , *TYPE 2 diabetes , *NATURAL immunity , *IMMUNITY , *DISEASE progression - Abstract
The global prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) is increasing rapidly, with an anticipated 600 million cases by 2035. While infectious diseases such as helminth infections have decreased due to improved sanitation and health care, recent research suggests a link between helminth infections and T2D, with helminths such as Schistosoma, Nippostrongylus, Strongyloides, and Heligmosomoides potentially mitigating or slowing down T2D progression in human and animal models. Helminth infections enhance host immunity by promoting interactions between innate and adaptive immune systems. In T2D, type 1 immune responses are suppressed and type 2 responses are augmented, expanding regulatory T cells and innate immune cells, particularly type 2 immune cells and macrophages. This article reviews recent research shedding light on the favorable effects of helminth infections on T2D. The potential defense mechanisms identified include heightened insulin sensitivity and reduced inflammation. The synthesis of findings from studies investigating parasitic helminths and their derivatives underscores promising avenues for defense against T2D. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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39. Frequency and Severity of Hypoglycemia Under Conditions of Increased Hypoglycemic Risk with Insulin Efsitora Alfa Versus Insulin Glargine Treatment in Participants with Type 2 Diabetes.
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Heise, Tim, Andersen, Grit, Pratt, Edward J., Leohr, Jennifer, Fukuda, Tsuyoshi, Wang, Qianqian, Kazda, Christof, Bue-Valleskey, Juliana M., and Bergenstal, Richard M.
- Subjects
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TYPE 2 diabetes , *HYPOGLYCEMIA , *INSULIN therapy , *INSULIN - Abstract
Introduction: Insulin efsitora alfa (efsitora) is a basal insulin with a flat pharmacokinetic profile and long half-life, enabling weekly dosing. These attributes may provide stable glucose levels. This exploratory phase 1 study aimed to assess the hypoglycemic risk during experimental conditions that mimic situations encountered in daily life. Methods: This was a single-site, open-label, two-period, fixed-sequence study in participants with type 2 diabetes (T2D) previously treated with basal insulin. The incidence, duration, and nadir glucose of hypoglycemia were assessed after treatment with efsitora versus insulin glargine (glargine) during three provocation conditions: 24-h prolonged fasting, prolonged fasting with exercise, and double dosing of study insulin. Results: The 54 enrolled adults (BMI 21.8–39.7 kg/m2, HbA1c 6.5–9.4%) achieved stable fasting glucose before undergoing provocation. Most hypoglycemic events were level 1 (≥ 54 to < 70 mg/dL) and resolved spontaneously or after oral glucose. The incidences of level 1 hypoglycemia for efsitora and glargine were not significantly different: for prolonged fasting, the incidences were 44.7 vs. 42.6% and the difference in proportion was 2.1% (95% CI: – 17.2, 21.4); for prolonged fasting with exercise, the corresponding values were 65.9 vs. 50.0% and 15.9% (– 3.0, 34.8); for double dosing, the corresponding values were 68.1 vs. 61.7% and 6.4% (– 12.8, 25.6). Level 2 hypoglycemia (< 54 mg/dL) was infrequent during both treatments and all provocations. No severe hypoglycemia was observed. Mean nadir glucose (range 62.8–66.3 mg/dL) and hypoglycemia duration (range 76.6–115.2 min) were also similar for the two treatments, depending on the provocation. Conclusion: Overall, weekly efsitora did not increase the incidence, duration, or severity of hypoglycemia compared to daily glargine during provocation periods in patients with T2D. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT04957914. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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40. Dysregulated Urinary Extracellular Vesicle Small RNAs in Diabetic Nephropathy: Implications for Diagnosis and Therapy.
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Ali, Hamad, Malik, Md Zubbair, Abu-Farha, Mohamed, Abubaker, Jehad, Cherian, Preethi, Al-Khairi, Irina, Nizam, Rasheeba, Jacob, Sindhu, Bahbahani, Yousif, Attar, Abdulnabi Al, Thanaraj, Thangavel Alphonse, and Al-Mulla, Fahd more...
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NON-coding RNA ,MICRORNA ,TYPE 2 diabetes ,CHRONIC kidney failure ,EXTRACELLULAR vesicles ,DIABETIC nephropathies - Abstract
Background Diabetic nephropathy (DN) represents a major chronic kidney disorder and a leading cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Small RNAs have been showing great promise as diagnostic markers as well as drug targets. Identifying dysregulated micro RNAs (miRNAs) could help in identifying disease biomarkers and investigation of downstream interactions, shedding light on the molecular pathophysiology of DN. In this study, we analyzed small RNAs within human urinary extracellular vesicles (ECVs) from DN patients using small RNA next-generation sequencing. Method In this cross-sectional study, urine samples were collected from 88 participants who were divided into 3 groups: type 2 diabetes (T2D) with DN (T2D + DN, n = 20), T2D without DN (T2D − DN, n = 40), and healthy individuals (n = 28). The study focused on isolating urinary ECVs to extract and sequence small RNAs. Differentially expressed small RNAs were identified, and a functional enrichment analysis was conducted. Results The study revealed a distinct subset of 13 miRNAs and 10 Piwi-interacting RNAs that were significantly dysregulated in urinary ECVs of the DN group when compared to other groups. Notably, miR-151a-3p and miR-182-5p exhibited a unique expression pattern, being downregulated in the T2D − DN group, and upregulated in the T2D + DN group, thus demonstrating their effectiveness in distinguishing patients between the 2 groups. Eight driver genes were identified PTEN , SMAD2 , SMAD4 , VEGFA , CCND2 , CDK6 , LIN28B , and CHD1. Conclusion Our findings contribute valuable insights into the pathogenesis of DN, uncovering novel biomarkers and identifying potential therapeutic targets that may aid in managing and potentially decelerating the progression of the disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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41. Platelet/High-Density Lipoprotein Ratio (PHR) Predicts Type 2 Diabetes in Obese Patients: A Retrospective Study.
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Alshuweishi, Yazeed, Abudawood, Arwa, Alfayez, Dalal, Almufarrih, Abdulmalik A., Alanazi, Fuad, Alshuweishi, Fahd A., and Almuqrin, Abdulaziz M.
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HDL cholesterol ,RISK assessment ,GLYCOSYLATED hemoglobin ,RECEIVER operating characteristic curves ,RESEARCH funding ,KRUSKAL-Wallis Test ,RETROSPECTIVE studies ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,MANN Whitney U Test ,BLOOD platelets ,BLOOD sugar ,ODDS ratio ,TYPE 2 diabetes ,ONE-way analysis of variance ,COMPARATIVE studies ,DATA analysis software ,OBESITY ,FASTING ,BIOMARKERS ,SENSITIVITY & specificity (Statistics) ,EVALUATION - Abstract
Background: Obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) pose global health problems that continue to rise. A chronic low-grade inflammation and activation of the immune system are well established in both conditions. The presence of these factors can predict disease development and progression. Emerging evidence suggests that platelet–high density lipoprotein ratio (PHR) is a potential inflammatory marker. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between PHR and T2D among obese patients. Methods: 203 patients with BMI ≥ 30 kg/m
2 participated in the study. Patients were categorized into two groups: non-diabetic obese and diabetic obese. Comorbidities, baseline characteristics, laboratory data, as well as PHR levels of the study groups were analyzed. Medians, risk assessment, and the diagnostic performance of PHR values were examined in both groups. Results: In obese patients, the median PHR were significantly increased in obese patients with T2D compared to non-diabetic obese (p < 0.0001). Furthermore, T2D obese with high PHR had a significantly higher FBG and HbA1c (p < 0.05). Although PHR was weakly yet significantly correlated with glycemic markers, ROC curve analysis of the PHR indicated an AUC of 0.700 (p < 0.0001) in predicting T2D in obese patients, and the cutoff value was 6.96, with a sensitivity and specificity of 53.4% and 76.1%, respectively. Moreover, increased PHR (OR = 4.77, p < 0.0001) carried a significantly higher risk for developing T2D in obese individuals. Conclusions: The PHR is a convenient and cost-effective marker that can reliably predict the presence of T2D in high-risk obese population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...- Published
- 2024
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42. Okinawa-Based Nordic Diet Decreases Plasma Levels of IAPP and IgA against IAPP Oligomers in Type 2 Diabetes Patients.
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Pocevičiūtė, Dovilė, Roth, Bodil, Ohlsson, Bodil, and Wennström, Malin
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TYPE 2 diabetes , *AMYLIN , *HIGH-fiber diet , *PEOPLE with diabetes , *IMMUNOGLOBULIN A , *CALPROTECTIN - Abstract
Pancreas-derived islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) aggregates and deposits in the pancreas and periphery of Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) patients, contributing to diabetic complications. The excess IAPP can be removed by autoantibodies, and increased levels of immunoglobulin (Ig) G against IAPP have been reported in T2D patients. However, whether other Ig classes are also affected and if the levels can be managed is less known. This pre–post study examines IgA levels against IAPP oligomers (IAPPO-IgA) in T2D patients and assesses the impact of the Okinawa-based Nordic (O-BN) diet—a low-carbohydrate, high-fiber diet—on these levels after following the diet for 3 months. IAPP, IAPPO-IgA, and total IgA levels were measured in plasma and fecal samples from n = 30 T2D patients collected at baseline, after 3 months of diet, and after additional 4 months of unrestricted diets (a clinical follow-up). The IAPP and IAPPO-IgA levels were significantly lower after 3 months, with the latter also being significantly reduced at the clinical follow-up. The reduction in plasma IAPP and IAPPO-IgA levels correlated with reductions in plasma levels of metabolic and inflammatory markers. Hence, following the O-BN diet for at least 3 months is sufficient to reduce circulating IAPP and IAPPO-IgA levels, which may be principal in managing T2D. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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43. Drosophila melanogaster as a model organism for diabetes II treatment by the ethyl acetate fraction of Atriplex halimus L.
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Montaser, Omnia, El‐Aasr, Mona, Tawfik, Haytham O., Meshrif, Wesam S., and Elbrense, Hanaa
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ETHYL acetate , *DROSOPHILA melanogaster , *ATRIPLEX , *FLAVONOID glycosides , *TYPE 2 diabetes - Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is the most common metabolic disorder. The undesirable effects of synthetic drugs demand a search for safe antidiabetic agents. This study aimed to assess the antidiabetic activity of different fractions of Atriplex halimus (petroleum ether 60–80, methylene chloride, ethyl acetate, and n‐butanol) using Drosophila melanogaster larvae. Titers of total glucose and trehalose, as well as larval weight, were measured and compared with those of control and diabetic larvae. The expression of Drosophila insulin‐like peptides (DILP2 and DILP3) and adipokinetic hormone (AKH) was evaluated. The results revealed a significant increase in total glucose, trehalose, and a decrease in body weight in the larvae fed a high‐sugar diet compared with those in the control. When larvae fed diets containing the tested fractions, the total glucose and trehalose decreased to the control level, and the body weight increased. DILP2, DILP3, and AKH exhibited significant decreases upon treatment with A. halimus ethyl acetate. Metabolomic profiling of the ethyl acetate fraction of A. halimus revealed the presence of flavonoids and flavonoid glycosides. After docking screening to predict the most powerful moiety, we discovered that flavonoid glycosides (especially eriodictyol‐7‐O‐neohesperidoside) have a greater affinity for the pocket than the other moieties. The results indicated the therapeutic activity of the A. halimus ethyl acetate fraction against induced T2D in Drosophila larvae. The antidiabetic activity may be attributed to flavonoids, which are the main components of the A. halimus ethyl acetate fraction. Research Highlights: Atriplex halimus L. ethyl acetate fraction showed the best antidiabetic activity in Drosophila larvae.It contains flavonoids and flavonoid glycosides, which may contribute tothis activity. Docking revealed eriodictyol‐7‐O‐neohesperidoside has the greatest affinity for the pocket. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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44. Grains in a Modern Time: A Comprehensive Review of Compositions and Understanding Their Role in Type 2 Diabetes and Cancer.
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Khan, Jabir, Gul, Palwasha, and Kunlun Liu
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Globally, type 2 diabetes (T2D) and Cancer are the major causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide and are considered to be two of the most significant public health concerns of the 21st century. Over the next two decades, the global burden is expected to increase by approximately 60%. Several observational studies as well as clinical trials have demonstrated the health benefits of consuming whole grains to lower the risk of several chronic non-communicable diseases including T2D and cancer. Cereals grains are the primary source of energy in the human diet. The most widely consumed pseudo cereals include (quinoa, amaranth, and buckwheat) and cereals (wheat, rice, and corn). From a nutritional perspective, both pseudo cereals and cereals are recognized for their complete protein, essential amino acids, dietary fibers, and phenolic acids. The bran layer of the seed contains the majority of these components. Greater intake of whole grains rather than refined grains has been consistently linked to a lower risk of T2D and cancer. Due to their superior nutritional compositions, whole grains make them a preferred choice over refined grains. The modulatory effects of whole grains on T2D and cancer are also likely to be influenced by several mechanisms; some of these effects may be direct while others involve altering the composition of gut microbiota, increasing the abundance of beneficial bacteria, and lowering harmful bacteria, increasing insulin sensitivity, lowering solubility of free bile acids, breaking protein down into peptides and amino acids, producing short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and other beneficial metabolites that promote the proliferation in the colon which modulate the antidiabetic and anticancer pathway. Thus, the present review had two aims. First, it summarized the recent knowledge about the nutritional composition and bioactive acids in pseudo cereals (quinoa, amaranth, and buckwheat) and cereals (wheat, rice, and corn); the second section summarized and discussed the progress in recent human studies, such as observational (cross-sectional studies, case-control studies, and cohort studies) and intervention studies to understand their role in T2D and cancer including the potential mechanism. Overall, according to the scientific data, whole grain consumption may reduce the incidence of T2D and cancer. Future studies should carry out randomized controlled trials to validate observational results and establish causality. In addition, the current manuscript encourages researchers to investigate the specific mechanisms by which whole grains exert their beneficial effects on health by examining the effects of different types of specific protein, dietary fibers, and phenolic acids that might help to prevent or treat T2D and cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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45. Development and Characterization of Guinea Pig Anti-Insulin Polyclonal Antibody.
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Varadarajan, Sathiya, Muruganandam, Arumugam, and Kumar, V. Ramesh
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Development and characterization of guinea pig anti-insulin polyclonal antibody against a target-specific insulin antigen. In India, an insulin immunogenicity kit for detecting insulin antibodies (neutralizing Nab) is an unmet medical need for diabetic patient's routine diagnosis. Type 1 diabetics rely on insulin injections daily basis for survival; if the body develops anti-insulin antibodies and neutralizes the exogenous recombinant insulin, glucose control is lost, and the patient eventually dies. Antibodies are excellent diagnostic reagents due to the specificity and sensitivity they provide in recognizing specific and unique target antigens. The paper describes the use of insulin as a target antigen and the development of target (insulin) specific antibodies in guinea pigs for use as a positive control for immunogenicity kit validation. Anti-insulin polyclonal antibody was raised against insulin in the Dunkin Hartley guinea pigs host. Anti-insulin antibody titer of all bleeds from four animals was tested using an indirect ELISA assay format. All four animals responded to the target-specific antigen but only one animal (#4) responded with a high-affinity antibody titer. The hyperimmune sera were purified using a protein A column. The purified anti-insulin antibody was characterized through SDS Page and western blot. The specificity, reactivity, and antibody binding efficiency were confirmed through immunoassays. Guinea pig anti-insulin polyclonal antibody developed in this study showed good specificity, reactivity, and efficiency in the immunoassays. This paper describes the development and characterization of anti-insulin antibodies for use as a control in developing a user-friendly insulin immunogenicity kit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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46. Serum selenium and fasting blood glucose: a cross-sectional study in women of different menopause status.
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Ma, Xiao-Man, Li, Ke-Xuan, Guo, Yu-Miao, Jiang, Shu-Yi, Liao, Wan-Zhe, and Guo, Xu-Guang
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BLOOD sugar ,SELENIUM ,CROSS-sectional method ,MENOPAUSE ,TYPE 2 diabetes - Abstract
Background: This cross-sectional study aims to explore whether there exists an interaction between selenium and menopause concerning type 2 diabetes (T2D) prevalence and its related indicators such as fasting blood glucose (FBG) and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Methods: 150 women aged 35–60 years old were finally analyzed in this study. Multivariate linear or logistic regression modeling was conducted to explore the association of selenium and the prevalence of T2D besides its related indicators. Subgroup analyses were conducted based on menopause status to assess the potential impact on the relationship. Results: In the fully adjusted model, serum selenium was positively associated with FBG (β: 0.03, CI: 0.01–0.05) and the prevalence of T2D (OR: 1.04, CI: 1.00–1.08). After stratifying the data by menopause status, compared with the postmenopausal women group, as the serum selenium concentrations increased, the FBG concentrations were significantly higher in the premenopausal women group (p for interaction = 0.0020). Conclusions: The present study found serum selenium was positively associated with FBG and the prevalence of T2D. Furthermore, the relationship between serum selenium and FBG was different in the premenopausal and postmenopausal women. More studies are still needed in the future to verify the relationship as well as to explore the specific mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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47. Effects of single-anastomosis duodenal–ileal bypass with sleeve gastrectomy on gut microbiota and glucose metabolism in rats with type 2 diabetes.
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Lun Wang, Shixing Li, and Tao Jiang
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GUT microbiome ,SLEEVE gastrectomy ,TYPE 2 diabetes ,GLUCOSE metabolism ,BACTEROIDES fragilis ,RATS ,MICROBIAL metabolites ,GLYCOSYLATED hemoglobin - Abstract
Background: Bariatric and metabolic surgery often leads to significant changes in gut microbiota composition, indicating that changes in gut microbiota after bariatric and metabolic surgery might play a role in ameliorating type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, the effects of single-anastomosis duodenal–ileal bypass with sleeve gastrectomy (SADI-S) on gut microbiota in T2D remain unclear. Objectives: To investigate the effects of SADI-S on gut microbiota and glucose metabolism in T2D rats. Methods: Nineteen T2D rats were randomly divided into the SADI-S group (n = 10) and the sham operation with pair-feeding group (sham-PF, n = 9). Fecal samples were collected to analyze the gut microbiota composition with 16S ribosomal DNA gene sequencing. The fasting blood glucose and glycated hemoglobin were measured to evaluate the effects of SADI-S on glucose metabolism. Results: The Chao and ACE index results indicated the richness of the gut microbial community. The ACE and Chao index values were significantly lower in the SADI-S group than in the sham-PF group, indicating that indicating that species richness was significantly lower in the SADI-S group than in the shamPF group (p < 0.05). Shannon and Simpson indices were used to estimate the species diversity of the gut microbiota. Compared with the sham-PF group, the SADI-S group showed significantly lower Shannon index and higher Simpson index values, indicating that the species diversity was significantly lower in the SADI-S group than in the sham-PF group (p < 0.05). At the genus level, SADI-S significantly changed the abundances of 33 bacteria, including the increased anti-inflammatory bacteria (Akkermansia and Bifidobacterium) and decreased pro-inflammatory bacteria (Bacteroides). SADI-S significantly decreased the fasting blood glucose and glycated hemoglobin levels. The blood glucose level of rats was positively correlated with the relative abundances of 12 bacteria, including Bacteroides, and negatively correlated with the relative abundances of seven bacteria, including Bifidobacterium. Conclusion: SADI-S significantly altered the gut microbiota composition of T2D rats, including the increased anti-inflammatory bacteria (Akkermansia and Bifidobacterium) and decreased pro-inflammatory bacteria (Bacteroides). The blood glucose level of rats was positively correlated with the abundances of 12 bacteria, including Bacteroides, but negatively correlated with the relative abundance of 7 bacteria, including Bifidobacterium. These alternations in gut microbiota may be the mechanism through which SADI-S improved T2D. More studies should be performed in the future to validate these effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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48. Weight‐related discrimination, perceived stress and psychological and physical well‐being of persons with type 2 diabetes: A mediation analysis.
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Akyirem, Samuel, Ekpor, Emmanuel, Abwoye, Diana Namumbejja, and Wang, Katie
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- *
RESEARCH funding , *BODY weight , *HEALTH , *STATISTICAL sampling , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *EVALUATION of medical care , *TYPE 2 diabetes , *PSYCHOLOGICAL stress , *DISCRIMINATION (Sociology) , *FACTOR analysis , *OBESITY , *WELL-being - Abstract
Aims: The aim of the study was to examine perceived stress as a mediator of the association between weight‐related discrimination and physical and psychological well‐being among persons with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Methods: Data were obtained from 5104 persons with self‐reported T2D participating in the All of Us research programme in the United States. The Everyday Discrimination Scale, Cohen's Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and PROMIS Global Health Scale were used to measure weight‐related discrimination, perceived stress and health outcomes (physical and psychological), respectively. Mediation effects of PSS were tested by bootstrapping with 5000 random samples. Results: Participants were, on average, 63.62 (SD 11.38) years old. Majority of them were female (55.53%), non‐Hispanic White (72.61%), married or living with a partner (56.92%), had a household income of <$35,000 (31.99%) and had some college education (33.54%). We found that approximately 18% of study participants reported having experienced weight‐related discrimination. We also found that weight‐related discrimination was independently associated with poor physical and psychological well‐being. These associations were partially mediated by perceived stress such that weight‐related discrimination was associated with greater perceived stress, which was in turn associated with poorer physical and psychological well‐being. Conclusions: Given that weight‐related discrimination is associated with poor outcomes through elevated stress, interventions that target stress may disrupt this pathway thereby helping to reduce the health impact of weight‐related discrimination. This assertion should, however, be tested in future studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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49. Investigation of Insulin-Like Growth Factor 2 mRNA Binding Protein 2 Gene Polymorphisms in Type 2 Diabetes Patients.
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Ertural, Duygu Yolal, Cınkır, Umit, and Aras, Nurcan
- Abstract
Background/Aim: Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) have reported that polymorphisms (rs1470579 and rsS4402960) in Insulin Like Growth Factor 2 mRNA Binding Protein 2 (IGF2BP2) gene partially increase the risk of Type 2 Diabetes (T2D). The aim of this study was to investigate the association of IGF2BP2 variants rs4402960 and rs1470579 with T2D in Turkish population. Material and Methods: For IGF2BP2 rs1470579 and rs4402960 SNPs (Single Nucleotide Polymorhism), genotyping of 200 individuals (100 healthy individuals and 100 T2D patients) was performed by RT-PCR method (Applied Biosystems). Relationships of genotypes and alleles frequency of IGF2BP2 polymorphisms and T2D were examined by "Chi-square" or "Likelihood ratio" tests. Results: When evaluated in terms of genotype and allele distributions; for IGF2BP2 rs1470579 (A/C), an association was found between T2D patients and healthy individuals (p= 0.0123) and individuals with AC genotype in the patient group were more than healthy individuals. For IGF2BP2 rs4402960 (G/T), there was no difference in genotype distribution between T2D patients and control group (p= 0.8205). Conclusion: Our study showed that IGF2BP2 gene rs1470579 polymorphism was associated with T2D in the Turkish population (p<0.05). Furthermore, this is the first study to analyze the relation between IGF2BP2 gene polymorphisms and T2D in the Turkish population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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50. Cross-sectional imaging of the pancreas in diabetes.
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Virostko, John and Tirkes, Temel
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PANCREAS , *TYPE 2 diabetes , *TYPE 1 diabetes , *DIABETES , *CROSS-sectional imaging , *INSULIN resistance , *GLUCOSE metabolism - Abstract
Diabetes mellitus presents a global health challenge characterized by dysregulated glucose metabolism and insulin resistance. Pancreas dysfunction contributes to the development and progression of diabetes. Cross-sectional imaging modalities have provided new insight into the structural and functional alterations of the pancreas in individuals with diabetes. This review summarizes MRI and CT studies that characterize pancreas alterations in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes and discusses future applications of these techniques. Key points: Cross-sectional imaging can detect alterations to the pancreas accompanying, and possibly presaging, the development of both type 1 diabetes (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D). The smaller pancreas found in individuals with diabetes implicates exocrine involvement in the disease, as it exceeds the 1–2% of the pancreas composed of hormone-producing endocrine tissue. Pancreas fat content is associated with insulin resistance and is higher in individuals with T2D. Quantitative MRI can detect changes in pancreas composition and microstructure in individuals with diabetes that display spatial heterogeneity throughout the gland. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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