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The Thirty Years' War (1618-1648) became a global conflict which subsequently involved nearly every country of Europe. The reason for the war was not only the complicated religious situation caused by the fragmentation of the Roman Church in which the Protestant- Union and Catholic League stood against each other, but also political and economic issues. Political reasons can be characterized by the expansion of the House of Hapsburgs into surrounding lands through which they attempted to gain political leadership and supremacy over Europe. The goal of the diploma thesis is not to reconstruct historical event of The Thirty Years' War, but to capture its historical narrative and its changes throughout the centuries. Starting point of the thesis is the year 1648 when the last fights of the war took place during Swedish occupation of Prague. For months, Prague became almost a defence fortress which withstood the Swedish protestant army. This event has been reflected in the picture of national history in two ways: one - the heroic withstanding of Prague citizens of the enemy army, second - the definitive defeat of the hopes of restitution of relations before The Battle of the White Mountain of the utraquistic and protestant fracture of Czech society.

The present study aims to briefly discuss the basic aspects of the occupation of Central European cities by enemy troops, based on a comparison of the course of military stays. The findings will be based on the author’s research of both recent literature and archival sources in the Czech lands, including Silesia, Germany (especially Upper Palatinate, Bavaria, and the north of the country) and Austria

This bachelor thesis deals with the Spanish noble House of Verdugo, which came to the Kingdom of Bohemia after 1620 in the service of the Austrian Habsburgs as soldiers. After the defeat of the Bohemian Estates in the Battle of White Mountain Verdugos purchased the confiscated property in the north of Bohemia, which they held until 1695 when they moved to Silesia. The thesis aims to examine the House of Verdugo in the period between 1611 and 1639, and its three members - William, John and Francis. Furthermore, it attempts to place the noble house in the European and Spanish context.

The bachelor thesis is focused on the history of the noble family Talmberg. They were not researched properly in the czech histography. The work is mainly focused on life fates and public actions of Vlašim's tale. It is focused on the highest-ranking provincial chamberlain Jiří of Talmberg (approx. 1570-1623), the president of the Court of Appeal Fridrich of Talmberg ( 1643), František Vilém of Talmberg ( 1665) and 3rd královohradec bishop Jan František of Talmberg (1644-1698) in the context of events in the 17th century. The secondary aim is to follow the development of the property base of the family, from the end of 13th century to the begining of 18th century. Submitted bachelor thesis insists on the research of specialized publications and archive files, which are stored in the National Archive in Prague (Desky zemské větší, Stará manipulace), State Regional Archive in Zámrsk (Episcopal archive of Hradec Králové) and State District Archive in Benešov (Archive of the town of Vlašim).

Článek pojednává o životě a kariéře jedné z obětí staroměstské exekuce v roce 1621, Fridricha z Bílé, majitele Řehlovic, kterému historiografie dosud nevěnovala prakticky žádnou pozornost. Byl to velmi vzdělaný muž, stavovský direktor, hejtman německých lén Českého království a poměrně významná postava českého stavovského povstání. The article deals with life and career of one of the victims of the Prague execution in 1621, Friedrich of Bílá, the owner of Řehlovice, to whom historiography has so far paid virtually no attention. He was a very educated man, the estate director, the governor of the German fiefdoms of the Bohemian Kingdom and a relatively significant figure in the Bohemian estate uprising.

The aim of the task The image of the Thirty Years' War in Czechoslovak and Czech cinema and television is focused on certain films that are set between the years 1618 and 1648. The task is to present the style of processing of the historical reality shown in these films as well as to present the film impact on society before and after the year 1989. Another task is to show the meaning and reason of creating such films in certain time period. This paper is based on complementation method which combines various academic film studies, various news film reviews, historical context analysis of years 1618-1648 and film materials. KEY WORDS Czechoslovak filmography, Czech filmography, Thirty Years' War, 1618-1648

Vilém Konecchlumský z Konecchlumský byl jednou z obětí staroměstské exekuce a příslušníkem drobného rytířského rodu, který se, až na něj samotného, do českých dějin nijak výrazněji nezapsal. I Vilém vlastnil jen drobné nemovitosti, zpočátku na Jičínsku, později na Kutnohorsku a Čáslavsku. V roce 1605 se účastnil uherského tažení proti Štěpánu Bočkajovi, přičemž velel menšímu oddílu vojáků najatých městy Kutnou Horou a Čáslaví. Podobná role mu připadla také o třináct let později a ačkoli jeho provinění ve srovnání s jinými byla zanedbatelná, stála jej život, čest i majetek. Vilém Konecchlumský of Konecchlumí was one of the victims of the „Old Town execution“ and a member of a small knightly family, which, apart from himself, did not make a significant contribution to Czech history. Vilém also owned only small properties, initially in the Jičín region, later in the Kutná Hora and Čáslav regions. In 1605 he took part in the Hungarian campaign against Stephen Bocskai, comman-ding a smaller unit of soldiers hired by the towns of Kutná Hora and Čáslav. He had a similar role thirteen years later, and although his transgressions were negligible compared to others, they cost him his life, his honor, and his possessions.

Tato studie se zabývá problematikou nového daňového zákona, který byl přijat na českém zemském sněmu roku 1615. Ten je ve starší literatuře interpretován jako strategická chyba a slabost české stavovské opozice, která dobrovolně ustoupila požadavku císaře a schválila mu výběr vysokých daní na splátky panovníkových dluhů na 5 let (1616-1620). Autor na základě dochovaných pramenů dospívá k jiné interpretaci a rozhodnutí zemského sněmu považuje za formu státního bankrotu, kterým byla znehodnocena část úvěrových aktiv širokého okruhu panovnických věřitelů, kteří neměli českou zemskou příslušnost. Zemský sněm jako stavovský orgán převzal kontrolu nad pozemkovým majetkem panovníka a ustavil vlastní centrální berní úřad, který měl výběr aktuálních daní i starších nedoplatků (od roku 1597) a následné užití těchto peněz v souladu s rozpočtovým určením daní organizovat nezávisle na finančních institucích panovníka. Tím došlo k odstavení panovnického dvora od hlavních příjmů z českých daní, které do té doby tvořily rozhodující část příjmů dvorské komory. Tyto okolnosti autor považuje za jeden z hlavních důvodů, které vedly voleného následníka trůnu Ferdinanda Štýrského k zahájení válečného tažení do Čech v létě roku 1618. Jeho hlavním cílem bylo ovládnutí ekonomických zdrojů; nábožensko-politická krize a květnová defenestrace českých místodržících byly vhodnou záminkou k tomuto zásahu, jehož hlavním cílem bylo ovládnutí ekonomických zdrojů. This study deals with the issue of the new tax law, which was adopted by the Czech Provincial Assembly in 1615. In the older literature, this is interpreted as a strategic mistake and weakness of the Czech estate opposition, which voluntarily gave in to the emperor's request and approved the collection of high taxes to repay the monarch's debts for 5 years (1616-1620). Based on the preserved sources, the author arrives at a different interpretation and considers the decision of the Provincial Assembly a form of state bankruptcy, which devalued part of the credit assets of a wide range of the monarch’s creditors who did not have Czech citizenship. The Provincial Assembly, as the state body controlled by the estates, seized the monarch's land and established its own central tax office, whose task was to collect current taxes and older arrears (since 1597) and subsequently to use this money independently of the monarch's financial institutions in accordance with budget appropriation of taxes. As a result, the royal court was cut off from most revenues from Czech taxes, which until then formed a decisive part of the court's income. The author considers these circumstances to be one of the main reasons that led the elected heir to the throne, Ferdinand of Styria, to begin a military campaign in Bohemia in the summer of 1618. His main goal was to control economic resources; the religious-political crisis and the defenestration of the Czech governors in May were a suitable pretext for this intervention aimed at the control of economic resources.

S rozvojem archeologie konfliktu se do popředí zájmu dostává zejména výzkum bojišť, polních opevnění, obléhacích prací a táborů. Méně pozornosti archeologie věnuje systematickému studiu širšího socio‑kulturního kontextu „velkých vojenských událostí“ raného novověku. Předložená studie prezentuje současný stav a perspektivy archeologického studia stop, které zanechala třicetiletá válka ve střední Evropě v letech 1618 až 1648. Přináší základní informace nejen o bojištích, militárních pozicích a trendech ve výzkumu obětí války, ale poukazuje i na dlouhodobý zájem archeologů o zaniklé lokality a zánikové horizonty v žijících sídlech. Díky dílčím lokálním výzkumům se daří studovat globální dopady války na širší sídelní síť, její zázemí, hospodářství a rozkrývat změny, jimiž válka poznamenala společnost i kulturu doby. The development of conict archaeology has brought to the fore, in particular, the investigation of battleelds, eld fortications, siege structures and military camps. Less attention has been devoted to the systematic study of the broader socio‑cultural context of major military conicts in the early modern age. This article presents the current state and perspectives of archaeological research concerning the traces of the Thirty Years’ War in central Europe in the years 1618–1648. It brings basic information about battlefields, military positions and trends in the research into war casualties, and it also points out a long‑term interest of archaeologists in deserted sites and desertion horizons in functioning settlements. Thanks to local investigations, archaeologists can study the global impact of the war on a broader settlement network, its hinterland and economy, and disclose changes in society and culture brought about by the Thirty Years’ War.

To obtain a manor in Bohemia during the Thirty Years‘ War was for many aristocrats much easier than to preserve it’s economical (notably agricultural) development. However, in case of aristocracy many mechanisms could be used to prevent large demage caused by war and troops encampment. In this paper some of the protective strategies are presented in their specifi c regional context.

This paper gives an overview of the emergence and development of mobile light fi eld artillery in selected European countries during the fi rst half of the Thirty Years’ War. In the fi nal part of the paper, the importance of the collection of four fi eld bronze cannons from the period of the Thirty Years’ War at the Opočno Castle in East Bohemia is also discussed.

The defense of the Silesian -Hungarian border in the Duchy of Těšín at the end of the Thirty Years‘ War was a great burden on the local civilian population. How the civilian population was infl uenced by the military presence and how it participate in defense, construction works of Jablunkov fortifi cations and providing basic necessities of life in the same place will be presented in this article.

The article briefl y introduces the three most famous Swedish com manders of the Thirty Years’ War, Johan Banér, Lennart Torstensson and Hans Christoph Königmarck, their fates before joining the war, and their greatest military achievements.

Recently, for the fi rst time ever, it has been published to the full extent the memoirs of Michel Stüeler, the burgher of Krupka, from the peak period of the Thirty Years‘ War. The fi elds in which they can fi nd their application are the entire crowd – mining and metallurgy, military history, agriculture (including fruit growing, viticulture or vegetable growing), hunting, medicine (recorded diseases, their course and duration of treatment), psychology and psychoanalysis, including sexology, literature (reading, book purchases), German studies, historical demography, historical geography and toponomastics, folklore, as well as paleometeorology and the history of forensic science. The whole work is literally a well for learning the history of mentalities, everyday life and culture in a small town during the Thirty Years‘ War.

Based on richly preserved correspondence, the paper maps the life of the lord offi cer Frederick Sovinský of Mohelnice, an eyewitness to the events of the Thirty Years‘ War. The paper also presents the possibilities of utilizing the information potential of patrimonial provenance papers on the issue of the broad history of war in the early modern period.

In the Saxon -Bohemian borderlands or in the Ore Mountains we can identify during the late Middle Ages and Early Modern period a series of processes through which this region was transformed into an interactive cultural landscape whose inhabitants share a common regional identity. During the Thirty Years’ War (1618–1648) a disintegration process was initiated as a result of the Czech (Catholic) and Saxon (Lutheran) Confessionalisation. Its exclusive witness was Lutheran preacher Christian Lehmann (1611–1688), Baroque writer, chronicler and intellectual.

This article should introduce war events and life during Thirty Years’ War in small rural town Kožlany, part of Chříč dominium. It will briefl y summon town history and basic historical sources of Kožlany. Than it will focus on events in Kožlany in 1620–1654 based on municipal book. Article will end by introducing society in Kožlany via the Register of Subjects according to their faith and a Roll of assessment in 50’s 17th century.

The essay focuses on the life and activities of Juliana Alžběta Sekerková of Sedčice. She was born 1615 in a noble family, probably non -Catholic. After the death of her parents she entered the Premonstratensian Canonry in Doksany (1636) where she later became prioress (1655). Her early life in the religious community was aff ected by the wartime’s violence and danger which repeatedly forced the whole convent to leave Doksany. As prioress Juliana Alžběta was involved in a controversy between Vincent, Abbot of Strahov and Cyrill, Provost of Doksany on the side of the latter. Wartime and the following years (to 1683) were described in her chronicle which continued a previous chronicle by provost Nicholas. She also authored „Vitae“ of the Doksany canonesses of her time.

This study tries to introduce changes of nobilitating process in the three decades after publishing renewed establishment and also fi nd the answer who were those people who endeavoured to become a noblemen. Through deeds of elevation we can see people who had to withstand all the misery of Thirty Year’s War but they managed it with braveness, faith and devotion.

This study, based on archival resources and chronicle of Jakob Schabner, will outline the course of the Thirty Years War in Weiden in the Upper Palatinate in its first part, focusing especially on the conquest of the city, on attempts at them, and on military stays and their aspects. In the second part, it will focus on the war experience of the local population and the struggle of the burghers with soldiers.

The nineteenth century, characterized by its industrial revolution, has brought many changes to people's lives. Nymburk as one of the centers of the middle Polabí, is a example when industry has changed the everyday life of the city's inhabitants. The task of the thesis is to describe the key sectors and, consequently, related events that have had an impact on the lives of the local population, and at the same time they have been a change for many centuries, rather, a rural town in an industrial city. The work starts from the earliest beginnings of the city to better illustrate the boom times and the fall of the city. Emphasis is placed above all on what took place in Nymburk itself, although it was very often the historical milestones for the whole country. The work will be based primarily on regional historical literature.

Exponovanou dobu třicetileté války mimo jiné připomínají, často velmi barvitě a tudíž čtenářsky atraktivně, měšťanské kroniky a paměti. Ty české (Mikuláš Dačický, Jiří Kezelius, Václav F. Kocmánek a další) se již většinou dočkaly své novodobé edice – a situace se začíná pomalu zlepšovat i na poli vydávání písemných památek z německojazyčného urbánního prostředí, když jen v posledních pár letech došlo k publikování českolipské kroniky měšťana a pekaře Hanse Kriescheho, pamětí koželuha a bývalého bergmistra Michela Stüelera z Krupky a k výzkumu života a díla chomutovského městského písaře a radního Andrease Augustina Fiedlera. Právě jejich práce a osudy předkládaný článek analyzuje společně s mnohem méně poznanými analistickými počiny kantora z Benešova nad Ploučnicí Christiana Haufa, chabařovického Barthela Habela a dvěma autorsky neznámými texty o dobytí mosteckého hradu Švédy roku 1646, patrně z per tamních měšťanů. Kromě Fiedlera a autorů obou mosteckých dokumentů začali všichni uvedení psát již v době předbělohorské, Kriesche však jen do roku 1621, Hauf nesystematicky do roku 1628 a Habel do roku 1632, takže pouze paměti Michela Stüelera pokrývaly celé válečné období, ačkoli se do dnešních dob v opise dochovala pouze část s údaji z let 1629–1649. Originály jsou mostecké texty, Kriescheho kronika, Fiedlerova kronika i kronika Habelova, navzdory v literatuře opakovanému tvrzení, že její autograf se nedochoval. Hauf je znám z přepisu z 18. století a Stüeler jen z přepisu novodobého. Literárně a jazykově vyniká pouze Fiedlerovo dílo, spíše kolektanea než kronika, ambiciózní práce, unikátní navíc i svým vyprávěcím záběrem od počátků světa do autorových dob a třemi dimenzemi svých zápisů (svět, Čechy, chomutovský region). Každá z kronik a pamětí má nicméně naprosto mimořádný význam pro regionální historii, např. pro starší dějiny Chabařovic je Habelova kronika primárním zdrojem. Stüelerovy zápisky pak dávají nahlédnout jak do myšlení tehdejšího měšťana, tak do nejintimnějších sfér jeho privátního života. Do budoucna jistě nelze vyloučit ani nálezy dalších narativních pramenů z jazykově německého prostředí českého severu a severozápadu, tím spíš, že řada archivních fondů tamních měst zůstává dosud nezpracována. The article addresses burgher historiographical production written in German in the towns of north and northwest Bohemia during the Thirty Years’ War or shortly afterwards, including reflections on military events. The work specifically analyses the chronicles and memoirs of Michel Stüeler of Krupka, Hans Kriesche of Česká Lípa, Barthel Habel of Chabařovice, Christian Hauf of Benešov nad Ploučnicí and Andreas Augustin Fiedler of Chomutov, as well as two anonymous descriptions of the assault on the castle in Most.