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Introduction: Human capital is widely acknowledged as the most critical asset of any organization, and employee training is indispensable for enhancing productivity. Doctoral programs, by offering specialized training across diverse fields, play a pivotal role in cultivating a skilled and specialized workforce. Through the acquisition of specific attributes, doctoral students can serve as a highly skilled labor force within organizations, contributing to increased efficiency and productivity. The objective of this study is a systematic review of existing research on the characteristics of doctoral students to identify these qualities, assess the current state of research in this domain, and pinpoint research gaps. Methodology: This applied research employed a systematic review methodology adhering to the Kitchenham and Charters model (2007) to identify the anticipated characteristics and indicators of doctoral students. The process entailed: Establishing the research necessity, formulating research questions, identifying reliable databases, and Determining relevant keywords. A three-stage screening process, examining titles, abstracts, and full content, was employed to eliminate irrelevant and duplicate items. This yielded a final dataset of 135 studies (92 foreign and 43 domestic), comprising journal articles, conference papers, and theses. Findings: The focal point of this research is to investigate four primary inquiries concerning the anticipated attributes of doctoral students. The first inquiry pertains to the expected personal characteristics of doctoral students. These personal characteristics have been categorized into three domains: behavioral, psychological, and ethical. Behavioral characteristics encompass diligence, perseverance, persistence, energy, intelligence, tenacity, courage, risk-taking, self-awareness, opportunism, sense of duty, responsibility, independence, project autonomy, flexibility, adaptability, emotional well-being, curiosity, sensitivity, and foresight. Ethical characteristics encompass politeness, integrity, composure, dedication, impartiality, reliability, organization, adherence to ethical principles, and personal presentation. Psychological attributes include cognitive abilities, motivation, self-assurance, self-awareness, stress and anxiety management, psychological acumen, overall health, a balanced approach to perfectionism, creativity, critical and philosophical thought, receptivity to feedback, teamwork, decision-making, adaptability, time management, strong interpersonal abilities, problem-solving, planning, financial literacy, work-life-study balance, leadership, communication, verbal proficiency, and public speaking. The second question pertains to research-related attributes, which are classified into two categories: research competencies and research focus. Research competencies encompass mentorship and the capacity to guide research endeavors, writing proficiency, research methodology, bibliographic and computational abilities, attention to detail and breadth of perspective within research undertakings, adherence to research ethics, research experience, and information retrieval skills. Research focus pertains to factors such as interest in the research domain, selection of a suitable thesis topic, goal-oriented research activities, the quality of research and thesis, and participation in research projects. The third research question pertains to educational characteristics, which are classified into two categories: learning skills and teaching skills. Learning skills encompass discussion, academic interaction, a continuous learning disposition, and the ability to participate in and leverage academic social networks. Teaching and learning skills include entrepreneurship training, mentorship, pedagogical abilities, and prior teaching experience. The fourth research question pertains to professional characteristics, which are classified into two categories: professional skills and professional interactions. Professional skills encompass the ability to provide professional consulting services, proficiency in foreign languages, computer literacy, leadership capabilities, expertise, adherence to professional and legal ethics, professional experience, academic and educational qualifications, capacity for collaborative projects, employment within a specialized field, and knowledge of field experts. Professional interactions involve cultivating professional networks, engaging with professional institutions, awareness of career trajectories, and industry interaction. Furthermore, the findings indicate that domestic research has placed greater emphasis on personal characteristics such as creativity, responsibility, commitment, and problem-solving skills. In contrast, foreign research has predominantly focused on behavioral health issues. While both bodies of research acknowledge the importance of self-awareness, domestic studies additionally emphasize motivation, whereas foreign studies prioritize stress management and psychological literacy. Perseverance and persistence were highlighted more frequently in domestic research. With regard to research capabilities, both domestic and foreign studies concur on the significance of research conduct and ethical adherence. However, foreign research has shown a particular interest in thesis topic selection and research passion. In terms of educational aspects, foreign research has emphasized academic interactions and network utilization, while domestic studies have primarily focused on discussions. Both streams of research recognize the importance of entrepreneurship training and teaching skills. Concerning professional attributes, foreign research has accentuated the value of specialization, while domestic research has prioritized leadership skills. Both bodies of research highlight the significance of foreign language proficiency, professional networking, and industry engagement. Conclusion This study demonstrates that doctoral students require a confluence of personal, educational, research, and professional competencies to achieve success. Findings suggest that cultivating psychological, research, and managerial acumen, coupled with a focus on academic discourse and language proficiency, can significantly enhance doctoral student outcomes. Moreover, the study illuminates gaps in domestic research pertaining to work-life balance, psychological well-being, research purpose, and innovation, thereby identifying areas ripe for further exploration. Beyond individual student attributes, this research emphasizes the influence of faculty mentorship, the academic milieu, and post-graduation employment outcomes on the overall quality of doctoral programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have seen remarkable improvements in their flight capabilities and computational power. Their applications span various domains, such as agriculture, military, and communications. To improve communication quality and coverage in UAV-enabled systems, understanding effective placement techniques is crucial. While research has explored optimal UAV placement in two dimensions, there is a need for a comprehensive three-dimensional (3D) analysis, particularly for resource optimization. This article presents a systematic mapping study on 3D placement in UAV-enabled communication systems, incorporating a threat analysis for the reliability of the results. It provides valuable insights for future research on 3D placement optimization techniques, specifically examining optimization objectives, model system features, problem types, and solution strategies. Our research reveals, on one hand, an emphasis on optimizing data rate throughput, power transmission, and ground coverage, and a predominant use of large-scale fading in the air-to-ground channel model; on the other hand, heuristic algorithms prevail as the solution strategy. Moreover, we identify gaps in achieving critical objectives such as the probability of outage, deployment costs, quality of experience, and spectrum optimization. This highlights the need for further exploration in the formulation aspects of the system, which includes small-scale fading, access techniques, and interference management.

Introduction It is about two decades that corruptions, especially administrative corruption, in different developed and underdeveloped societies have been the focus of researchers. In Iran, this issue has been criticized and explored thoroughly; however, a comprehensive review of the relevant articles and summarization of their results have not been undertaken in an organized manner. The purpose of this study was to summarize the results of these researches and provide a new understanding of this phenomenon in Iran. Administrative corruption is often defined as using administrative facilities for the benefits of individuals or groups, including employees and managers. Political corruption is also considered as a branch of administrative corruption, including any illegal, immoral, or unauthorized abuse of a public official for personal or temporary benefits. The present study first examined administrative corruption as one of the main types of corruptions and next analyzed political corruption since these two types of corruptions were closely related and most of the political corruptions were implemented and applied through the channel of the administrative system. The main questions of this article were as follows: 1) What results and findings have been reported in the scientific-research articles related to the mentioned topic in Iran? 2) How many studies related to the issues of administrative and political corruptions have been done in Iran? 3) Which groups are the target populations in the studies? 4) What research designs and sampling methods have been used in the studies? 5) What are the fields, backgrounds, and hypotheses of the research literature? 6) What are the research results and what reviews have been done in a general and comprehensive way? Material & MethodsAll the scientific research articles, which had addressed administrative corruptions and had been published between 2001 and 2019 and indexed in the 3 databases of Normags, Magiran, and SID as the important scientific databases of domestic publications in Iran were included in this research. In the first stage, the total number of articles (N=410) published in this field in different journals were identified. In this step, some of the pure professional scientific articles and extended ones were removed. In the second stage, based on the criterion of being scientific articles, 310 articles were excluded from the review process and 100 scientific-research articles were retained. In the third stage, after reviewing the articles and matching their topics with the topic of this research, i.e. having the names of administrative and political corruptions in their titles, 21 articles were discarded and 79 articles were left for final screening. The method of this research was based on a systematic review and to this end, a checklist tool was used to collect the data. Discussion of Results & ConclusionMost of the articles on administrative corruption were written in the field of management and organization and those published in the field of sociology were scant. Thus, sociologists should present more articles and studies in this field; otherwise, we will suffer from reductionism in such a way that its social and cultural roots are ignored because attention has been paid only to its managerial and organizational issues. The lack of a theoretical field and structuring of the framework were evident in the articles on administrative and political corruptions. The spatial distributions of the studies conducted in the subject area of this research showed inappropriate distributions of the studies in different provinces. Considering the administrative, political, and economic concentrations of Tehran as the capital of Iran, greater numbers of universities and monitoring centers in it, as well as occurrence of most of the media corruptions in Tehran, it seemed that Tehran Province was a more suitable research field for researchers compared to other provinces. A systematic review of the current articles clearly showed inadequacy of the methods used in relation to the issue of corruption. On the one hand, the natures of corruptions were hidden. It was necessary to investigate this issue more in its natural environment with a qualitative research method, which had been used in only 5% of the total researches and thus, quantitative methods prevailed. In relation to political corruption, a small number of field works had been done. In terms of both the causes and methods of corruptions, most of the articles had emphasized economic factors (salary and wages) and cultural factors (ethics) and thus, the economic consequences of corruption had been emphasized. Most of the proposals were about social, educational, cultural, and economic issues.In total, the statistics showed the upward trend of the studies related to corruptions in Iran. The growing trend of examining these issues could be related to the growing number of corruption cases and their media coverage in the society. The levels of international sanctions had become more serious after 2013 and due to the need for secrecy to meet the needs of the country, the unfavorable economic conditions that had led to the widespread issuing of banknotes, reductions in the levels of domestic productions, sharp increase in the level of inflation, and as a result, disruption in the banking system in the country had become the basis for the emergence of a larger volume of corruption cases. In this situation, it seemed logical that the society had become more sensitive to this issue. Thus, the academic community should investigate this issue with more sensitivity.The results revealed that both agent-oriented and structural views in these articles, but the structural views were stronger in relation to the causes of corruption. They could appropriately explain why corruption had occurred in Iran. By referring to all the findings of the reviewed researches, it could be concluded that corruption in Iran was not an individual issue lacking moral qualities, but a structural inefficiency that exposed people to corruption.

In this study, novel nanostructures based on Ni-MOF/polysulfone nanofibers were fabricated by microwave-assisted electrospinning method. The final Ni-MOF/polysulfone fibrous nanostructure were immobilized on SiO2 substrates with high physicho-chemical properties. These nanostructures with an average diameter of 20 nm and a specific surface area of 1690 m2/g were used as novel adsorption for CH4 gas adsorption. It seems that the integration of novel Ni-MOF compounds into the fibrous network has differentiated these materials from previous samples. Since the experimental parameters significantly affect the specific surface area, the parameters including voltage, concentration, and distance between the collector and source are designed by the fractional factorial method. The results were optimized by contour plots, ANOVA and surface plots, theoretically. The results show that the sample has an adsorption rate of about 5.14 mmoL/g. The improved CH4 gas adsorption performance is attributed to the large specific surface area and porous nature of the Ni-MOF/Ps nanostructure which is more convenient and accessible for CH4 gas adsorption.

A systematic investigation was done on the Apocynaceae family that is found growing all around the Kanyakumari District in Tamil Nadu, India. We gathered and identified a total of 17 species from the 12 genera in the family Apocynaceae. A complete taxonomic account of each species has been given along with their current name, common name, brief description and phenology. Based on morphological and floral characteristics, a classification of the Apocynaceae family has been proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Worldwide, Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) and M. synoviae (MS) are the main agents responsible for chronic respiratory disease in poultry. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis to estimate their occurrence. We searched electronic databases to find peer‐reviewed publications reporting the molecular detection of MG and MS in poultry and used meta‐analysis to estimate their pooled global occurrence (combined flock and individual), aggregating results at the regional and national levels. We performed a subgroup meta‐analysis for subpopulations (broilers, layers, breeders and diverse poultry including turkeys, ducks and ostriches) and used meta‐regression with categorical modifiers. We retrieved 2294 publications from six electronic databases and included 85 publications from 33 countries that reported 62 studies with 22,162 samples for MG and 48 studies with 26,413 samples for MS. The pooled global occurrence was 38.4% (95% CI: 23.5–54.5) for MS and 27.0% (20.4–34.2) for MG. Among regions, Europe and Central Asia had the lowest occurrence for both pathogens, while MG and MS were highly prevalent in South Asia and sub‐Saharan Africa, respectively. At the national level, MG occurrence was higher in Algeria, Saudi Arabia and Sudan, whereas China, Egypt and Ethiopia reported higher values of MS. Among the poultry subpopulations, MS and MG were more prevalent in the breeders and layers (62.6% and 31.2%, respectively) than in diverse poultry. The year of publication, the sample size and the level of ambient air pollution (measured indirectly by PM2.5) were associated with the occurrence of both mycoplasmas. Our study revealed high and heterogeneous occurrence values of MG and MS and justifies the need for early detection and improved control measures to reduce the spread of these pathogens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article deals with the formation of skills of working with cultural codes in the process of teaching literary disciplines in bachelor's, master's and postgraduate studies. The author proceeds from the modern understanding of the cultural code as an integral concept, which includes a large number of interrelated elements (mythological archetypes, ideologems, intertextuality phenomena, behavioral stereotypes). The interest in this problem is relevant. The totality of cultural codes is the symbolic capital of nations, social groups, and generations. From a scientific point of view, the use of the concept of a unique writer's code is very productive. A great artist of the word passes on a certain creative code as a baton to subsequent writer's generations a unique system of artistic signs (quotes, characters, keywords, plot schemes, genre models, narrative techniques, etc.), recognized by both readers and writers-followers. There are such personal cultural codes as Gogol's, Leskovsky's, Chekhov's, and Dostoevsky's code. The cultural code is usually implemented in a literary text in both explicit and implicit forms. These are satirical and humorous works, associative lyrical prose, alternative historical and quasi-documentary texts, and fantastic literature. The very presence of hidden semantics and complex intertextual references sets the reader the task of adequate creative decoding of the work. Literary works created with the use of cinematic code (editing effects, freeze-frame, detail enlargement, visual dynamics) are also difficult to decipher. The article deals with the choice of literary disciplines that have large resources for the purposeful study of cultural codes. The assessment of the means of identifying the cultural code in a literary text is given. Attention is paid to developing an accurate understanding and targeted use of the system of concepts that each discipline has. This is due to the difficult metamorphoses in our era of the philological thesaurus due to the development of the sometimes contradictory conceptual apparatus of relatively autonomous foreign-language literary scientific systems. In the process of deepening the knowledge of such a conceptual apparatus, undesirable eclecticism should be avoided. The main result of such work is seen by the author of the article in the gradual acquisition of all the knowledge, skills and abilities that allow students to find the optimal balance between the practice of scrupulous concrete analysis of a particular literary text and a holistic vision of the cultural era and the literary process as a large-scale dynamic system.

Cyclodextrin (CDs)/polyether black amide (PEBA) polymeric nanostructures are of particular practical importance due to their nature including porosity, biocompatibility and biodegradability as new polymeric nanocomposites. The aim of this research work was to optimize the odour and taste causing algae in drinking water using PEBA/CDs nanoadsorbents. The design of experiments and the effect of experimental parameters on the rate of algae removal was done systematically by Fractional Factorial method. RSM optimization method was used to achieve the highest algae removal performance. FTIR spectroscopy, SEM images, BET technique and mapping analysis were used to characterize these nanostructures. These analyzes showed that the nanoadsorbents synthesized had ideal properties such as homogeneous morphology and fiber size distribution in the nanometer range. In addition, according to data obtained from BET technique, the surface area of the sample was about 840 m2/g. The results of studies on Navicula algae showed that PEBA/CDs polymeric nanoadsorbents can affect the quality of drinking water by reducing the number of algae colonies to 5 colonies. The results of analysis of variance showed that the parameters of dose of polymeric nanoadsorbents, water volume and contact time (Pvalue = 0.000) affect the rate of algal removal. The results showed a reduction in the number of algae colonies by 3 colonies. The use of novel nanostructures as well as the systematic studies used in this study can be used as a new strategy to improve the quality of drinking water.

Background and Aim: Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common infection-related malignancies worldwide. Human Papillomavirus (HPV) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) are among the most important viruses affecting many people worldwide. The potential role of these viruses in gastric tissue may explain the possibility of GC, as seen in Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). This study aimed to systematically investigate the presence of HPV and EBV in GC. Methods: According to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, this study is a systematic review based on reported cases. The keywords HPV, EBV and GC, were searched in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, EMBASE and Google scholar databases from 2012 to 2022. Articles were selected and evaluated by five researchers independently. The odds ratio of HPV and EBV viruses in GC was estimated. Data analysis was performed by SPSS (Version 20) software. Results: Sixty studies with 14949 patients were included in the study after obtaining the inclusion criteria. The mean prevalence of HPV and EBV viruses in GC was 10.58% and 8.58%, respectively. The highest prevalence of HPV and EBV were 37.74% and 44.44% in Turkey and Iraq, respectively. The highest odds of HPV and EBV in GC were observed in Asia (17.54%) and Africa (19.02%), respectively. Conclusion: The findings indicate the presence of HPV and EBV in GC in the study areas. However, the present study's results are insufficient for a more accurate conclusion. Therefore, further studies are necessary for the conclusion in this regard. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The members of the family Commelinaceae are commonly distributed in the tropical and sub-temperate regions of the world. The present study reveals that 25 species under 7 genera of the family Commelinaceae are distributed in Bihar and Jharkhand states. The dominant genera are Commelina, Murdannia and Cyanotis. Out of 26 taxa, 16 are common, one is rare and one is endemic. Few species are ethnobotanically important and some are ornamental garden plants. The updated nomenclature of each species, local names (if any), phonological data, distribution in the states, ecological status, local uses (if any) are also provided herewith. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To perform a systematic study about the contribution of architecture and interior design researchers in studying the effect of physical environment on mental disorders. Background: Mental disorders are a major health problem worldwide and related to severe distress, functional disabilities, and heavy economical burdens. Studies propose that physical environment design can trigger or reduce mental disorder symptoms. However, there is a lack of knowledge about the extent of architectural design research contribution to all types of mental disorder prevention or intervention. Methods: A team of cross-disciplinary researchers gathered information from peer-reviewed manuscripts about the effect of architectural design on enhancing or reducing mental disorder symptoms. Data were collected from manuscripts published between 2008 and 2020 (research related to the topic became clearer in quality and quantity then). Keywords including architecture, interior design, physical environment, and mental disorders were used in the systematic search. Databases were collected using online resources. Numerical data collected from quantitative studies were organized in tables. Results: Our data showed that there were a lot of studies about dementia and autism; few studies about schizophrenia, anxiety, stress-related disorders, and depressive disorders; and no studies about the rest of the mental disorders. General environment followed by housing facility design were the most assessed physical environments for mental disorders. Conclusions: As all mental disorders can have a significant impact on the society, we conclude that architectural studies should focus more on improving or preventing the symptoms of all types of mental disorders through the design of physical environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Leukemia is the fifth most common cancer among both genders. The prevalence of this type of cancer has been increasing in Iran. According to the Iranian Cancer Registry System, leukemia is among the first four cancer cases in terms of causing mortality. Considering the importance of survival rate of patients with acute cancers in Iran, this study aimed to study survival of patients with acute adult leukemia in Iran systematically. Methods: In this study, all articles on the survival rate of patients with acute leukemia were searched throughout the Google scholar,web of science, PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane of science, Cochrane, Magiran, Irandoc, IranMedex and SID websites. Our search included the articles published up toJune 2017. Using the keywords of Iran, ، Leukemia, ، Survival rate, blood cancer, life expectancy and their compositions. The search process was completed by two researchers independently. Then, all the reviewed articles and theses that met our inclusion criteria were examined. The data were analyzed using a comprehensive meta-analysis software and by running the Cochran test. Results: We investigated eight studies with a sample of 1219 people in our meta-analysis. The findings showed that the 1-year survival rate for adults with acute leukemia was 61 % and the 5-year survival rate was 48 %. Conclusion: According to the research findings, the survival rate of patients with acute leukemia in Iran is the same as other countries.

Background: Animal-assisted therapy, also known as pet therapy, is a therapeutic intervention that involves animals to enhance the well-being of individuals across various populations and settings., Objective: This systematic study aims to assess the outcomes of animal-assisted therapy interventions and explore the associated policies., Methods: A total of 16 papers published between 2015 and 2023 were selected for analysis. These papers were chosen based on their relevance to the research topic of animal-assisted therapy and their availability in scholarly databases. Thematic synthesis and meta-analysis were used to synthesize the qualitative and quantitative data extracted from the selected papers., Results: The analysis included 16 studies that met the inclusion criteria and were deemed to be of moderate or higher quality. Among these studies, 4 demonstrated positive results for therapeutic mediation and one for supportive mediation in psychiatric disorders. Additionally, all studies showed positive outcomes for depression and neurological disorders. Regarding stress and anxiety, 3 studies indicated supportive mediation, while 2 studies showed activating mediation., Conclusions: The overall assessment of animal-assisted therapy shows promise as an effective intervention in promoting well-being among diverse populations. Further research and the establishment of standardized outcome assessment measures and comprehensive policies are essential for advancing the field and maximizing the benefits of animal-assisted therapy., (© Ramendra Pati Pandey, Himanshu, Gunjan, Riya Mukherjee, Chung-Ming Chang. Originally published in JMIRx Med (https://med.jmirx.org).)

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Metal organic framework (Zn‐MOF)/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) nanofibrous composite new material has been fabricated using electrospinning and is characterized by a variety of physicochemical analyses, including Fourier transmitting infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy‐energy dispersive spectroscopy, nitrogen adsorption surface, and thermo gravimetric‐derivative of thermogravimetry. In this study, the effects of a systematic study including a fractional factorial design were studied for arsenic removal. The results showed that although conventional methods have a high level of arsenic removal, the fractional factor method results in a relatively high level of absorption of arsenic. This high level of arsenic removal allows the potential use of nano adsorbents in various environmental fields. The systematic study developed in this study can be used as a novel protocol to eradicate pollution from different areas, including water, air, and soil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tegumen: Short and broad was found in Agrotis. cinerea, A. ipsilon, A. colossa, A. rachingeri, A. spinifera, A. clavis and A. benigna species. Scaphium: Usually most of the species have well developed scaphium including: Agrotis. cinerea, A. obesa, A. bigramma, A. spinifera, A. herzogi, A. obliqua, A. puta, A. sardzeana, A. kinabaluensis, A. exclamations, A. trux, A. segetum, A. malefida, A. clavis, A. benigna, A. propriens and A. dispar. While in other species that have the long HRP including A. cinerea, A. malefida, A. colossa, A. hirsutumus, A. besesoni, A. psammochairs, A. obesaandA. bigramma. Vesica of the A. infusa has dentate tip and also located the cornuti while other species including A. munda, A. radians, A. cygnea, A. prliophaea, A. interjectionis and A. poliotis. [Extracted from the article]

PURPOSE: Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is the commonest hematologic malignancy in India. There are not many systematic Indian studies that assess response to generic Imatinib mesylate therapy on a large scale, since most published trials from the West and India are with Gleevec (Novartis). METHODS: 101 patients of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia in chronic phase (CML-CP) with a minimum follow up period of 2 years, who had presented to a tertiary care hospital in Western India between 2007 and Feb 2017, were included in this study. All patients received treatment with generic Imatinib Mesylate therapy. Clinical and laboratory examination done at baseline and on follow-up at 1,3,6,9,12 and 24 months was noted. Molecular monitoring with RQPCR at 3 months, 6 months, 12 months and 24 months for BCR: ABL was done. RESULTS: The study was carried out in 101 CML patients (78 males and 23 females) with a median age of 38 years (4 - 77) years at the time of diagnosis. Complete hematological response was noted in 63 (62.4%) at 1 month, 94 (93.1 %) at 3 months, 95 (94.1 %) at 6 months, 97 (96%) at 9 months and 99 (98%) at 12 months. At 12 months, 56 (55.4%) patients achieved Major molecular response (MMR) which was defined as BCRABL: ABL gene levels < 0.1 %. At 24 months, 66 (65.34%) patients were in MMR. CONCLUSIONS: Our study using the Indian generic molecule of Imatinib Mesylate demonstrated comparable hematological and molecular responses as published for the parent molecule, Gleevec (Novartis). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The plethora of open source clinical software offers great reuse opportunities for developers to build clinical tools at lower cost and at a faster pace. However, the lack of research on open source clinical software poses a challenge for software reuse in clinical software development. This paper aims to help clinical developers better understand open source clinical software by conducting a thorough investigation of open source clinical software hosted on GitHub. We first developed a data pipeline that automatically collected and preprocessed GitHub data. Then, a deep analysis with several methods, such as statistical analysis, hypothesis testing, and topic modeling, was conducted to reveal the overall status and various characteristics of open source clinical software. There were 14,971 clinical-related GitHub repositories created during the last 10 years, with an average annual growth rate of 55%. Among them, 12,919 are open source clinical software. Our analysis unveiled a number of interesting findings: Popular open source clinical software in terms of the number of stars, most productive countries that contribute to the community, important factors that make an open source clinical software popular, and 10 main groups of open source clinical software. The results can assist both researchers and practitioners, especially newcomers, in understanding open source clinical software. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The plethora of open source clinical software offers great reuse opportunities for developers to build clinical tools at lower cost and at a faster pace. However, the lack of research on open source clinical software poses a challenge for software reuse in clinical software development. This paper aims to help clinical developers better understand open source clinical software by conducting a thorough investigation of open source clinical software hosted on GitHub. We first developed a data pipeline that automatically collected and preprocessed GitHub data. Then, a deep analysis with several methods, such as statistical analysis, hypothesis testing, and topic modeling, was conducted to reveal the overall status and various characteristics of open source clinical software. There were 14,971 clinical-related GitHub repositories created during the last 10 years, with an average annual growth rate of 55%. Among them, 12,919 are open source clinical software. Our analysis unveiled a number of interesting findings: Popular open source clinical software in terms of the number of stars, most productive countries that contribute to the community, important factors that make an open source clinical software popular, and 10 main groups of open source clinical software. The results can assist both researchers and practitioners, especially newcomers, in understanding open source clinical software.

Crimes are a social nuisance and cost the society extremely in many ways. Any research that can help in analyzing and solving crime faster pays for itself. Crime data mining has the ability of extracting useful information and hidden patterns from the large crime data sets. The crime data mining challenges are becoming stimulating opportunities for the coming years. Since the literature of crime data mining has increased briskly in recent years, it becomes mandatory to develop an overview of the state-of-the-art. This systematic review focuses on crime data mining techniques and technologies used in previous studies. The existing work is classified into different categories and is presented using visualizations. This paper also indicates some challenges related to crime data mining research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that modulate the cellular transcriptome at the post-transcriptional level. miRNA plays important roles in different disease manifestation, including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Many studies have characterized the changes of miRNAs in T2DM, a complex systematic disease; however, few studies have integrated these findings and explored the functional effects of the dysregulated miRNAs identified. To investigate the involvement of miRNAs in T2DM, we obtained and analyzed all relevant studies published prior to 18 October 2016 from various literature databases. From 59 independent studies that met the inclusion criteria, we identified 158 dysregulated miRNAs in seven different major sample types. To understand the functional impact of these deregulated miRNAs, we performed targets prediction and pathway enrichment analysis. Results from our analysis suggested that the altered miRNAs are involved in the core processes associated with T2DM, such as carbohydrate and lipid metabolisms, insulin signaling pathway and the adipocytokine signaling pathway. This systematic survey of dysregulated miRNAs provides molecular insights on the effect of deregulated miRNAs in different tissues during the development of diabetes. Some of these miRNAs and their mRNA targets may have diagnostic and/or therapeutic utilities in T2DM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fracking has become a hot topic in the media and public discourse not only because of its economic benefit but also its environmental impacts. Recently, scientists have investigated the environmental impacts of fracking, and most studies focus on its air and ground water pollution. A systematic research structure and an overall evaluation of fracking's impacts on the environment are needed, because fracking does not only influence ground water but most environmental elements including but not limited to air, water, soil, rock, vegetation, wildlife, human, and many other ecosystem components. From the standpoint of the total environment, this communication assesses the overall impacts of fracking on the environment and then designs a total environmental study paradigm that effectively examines the complicated relationship among the total environment. Fracking dramatically changes the anthroposphere, which in turn significantly impacts the atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere, and biosphere through the significant input or output of water, air, liquid or solid waste disposals, and the complex chemical components in fracking fluids. The proposed total environment study paradigm of fracking can be applied to other significant human activities that have dramatic impacts on the environment, such as mountain top coal mining or oil sands for environmental studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wind energy is employed as an effective source for catering to the increasing energy demands and depleting fossil fuels, while also counteracting their adverse environmental effects. VAWTs have numerous advantages over HAWTs. But, the relatively low power coefficient of VAWTs in comparison to HAWTs restricts their utilization. Bio-inspired leading-edge tubercles appear to be one of the potential design changes for enhancing the power performance of VAWTs. This study systematically investigated the relative influence of tubercle design variables and their geometrical trend subjected to power performance by employing a hybrid Design of Experiments (DoE) approach and Response Surface Methodology (RSM) rather than choosing random values of tubercle variables. Furthermore, the conflict existing in the literature about the improved or degraded power performance of VAWTS with tubercles is resolved by evaluating the power performance of VAWT at on-design and off-design conditions. For the computation of aerodynamic forces, unsteady Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) was utilized with a 4-equation transition SST turbulence model. Tubercle amplitude influences the aerodynamic efficiency of VAWTs relatively more than its wavelength. It is evident from the results that energy is harnessed efficiently at on-design conditions considering lower tubercle amplitude and higher wavelength. However, the reverse trend of variables is observed under off-design conditions. At on-design conditions, tubercles degraded the VAWTs performance in comparison to baseline VAWT configuration by a minimum of 13.55% among the 14 hybrid DoE generated cases, while the performance was enhanced by a maximum of 55% at off-design conditions of VAWT. • Systematic investigation of power augmentation of leading-edge tubercle VAWT using hybrid DoE. • Tubercle amplitude influences the power performance of VAWTs more than its wavelength. • 13.55% degradation of moment coefficient at on-design baseline VAWT TSR. • 55% enhancement of moment coefficient at off-design baseline VAWT TSR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A systematic study of fabricating nanoparticles (NPs) by cost-effective polymer deposition/solvent displacement (nanoprecipitation) method has been carried out. Five amino acid based biodegradable (AABB) ester polymers (four neutral and one cationic), four organic solvents miscible with water, and eight surfactants were tested for the fabrication of the goal NPs. Depending on the nature of the AABB polymers, organic solvents and surfactants, as well as on the fabrication conditions, the size (Mean Particle Diameter) of the NPs could be tuned within 42 ÷ 398 nm, the zeta-potential within 12.5 ÷ +28 mV. The stability (resuspendability) of the NPs upon storage (at room temperature and refrigerated) was tested as well. In Vitro biocompatibility study of the NPs was performed with four different stable cell lines: A549, HeLa (human); RAW264.7, Hepa 1-6 (murine). Comparing the NPs parameters, their stability upon storage, and the data of biological examinations the best were found: As the AABB polymer, a poly(ester amide) composed of L-leucine, 1,6-hexanediol and sebacic acid-8L6, as a solvent (organic phase-DMSO), and as a surfactant, Tween 20. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Several protocols are followed in the manufacture, storage, and use of electronic devices to minimize the effects of harsh environmental conditions such as high relative humidity (RH) and high temperature. A systematic study is presented in this report on the current–voltage (I–V) characteristics of commercial silicon (Si) PIN diodes to elucidate their response in ambient and controlled humidity conditions for ambient stored (pre-heated) and diodes heat-treated at 100 °C (post-heated). Upon successive measurements in ambient conditions, the reverse current (I R) in the pre-heated diode increased from the nA to μ A range and showed no reproducibility. An increase in I R is also accompanied by a decrease in surface breakdown voltage (V S B) with an increase in RH. The I R vs RH response showed a power-law dependence with a crossover from a sub-linear to super-linear behavior at a critical RH (R H C ), pointing to two distinct adsorption modes. The R H C increased from 42% for the pre-heated diode to 72% for the post-heated diode highlighting the role of pre-adsorbed moisture accumulated on the ambient stored diode. The effect of pre-adsorbed moisture is also corroborated by contact angle measurements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The high mortality rate of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is partly due to a lack of good diagnostic markers and treatment strategies. Recently, several microRNA (miRNA) profiling studies were conducted with HCC; however, their inconsistency means that their diagnostic or therapeutic value is debatable.Aims: This study aims to systematically evaluate the consistency of miRNAs from multiple independent studies.Methods: A systematic analysis of miRNAs from eligible publications was conducted, followed by real-time PCRs. The targets of highly consistent miRNAs were collected using online programs, followed by enrichment analyses for gene ontology terms and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes pathways.Results: In total, 241 differentially expressed miRNAs were reported in 13 HCC profiling studies, of which 137 were upregulated and 104 downregulated. Among consistently upregulated miRNAs (cutoff > fourfold), miRNA-222, miRNA-21, miRNA-221, miRNA-210, and miRNA-224 were found increased in 8, 6, 6, 5, and 5 different studies, respectively. Among 137 downregulated miRNAs, miRNA-195, miRNA-199a, miRNA-125b, and miRNA-99a were reported in 8, 8, 5, and 5 studies, respectively. These results were confirmed by real-time PCR. Enrichment analyses demonstrated that programmed cell death and proliferation play important roles during the interplay of miRNA with HCC.Conclusions: miRNAs most consistently related to HCC are oncomirs miRNA-221/222 and tumor suppressors miRNA-199a/195. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Interfaces formed by two different organic semiconductors often exhibit a large conductivity, originating from transfer of charge between the constituent materials. The precise mechanisms driving charge transfer and determining its magnitude remain vastly unexplored, and are not understood microscopically. To start addressing this issue, we have performed a systematic study of highly reproducible single-crystal interfaces based on rubrene (tetraphenylnaphthacene) and F x-TCNQ (fluorinated tetracyanoquinodimethane), a family of molecules whose electron affinity can be tuned by increasing the fluorine content. The combined analysis of transport and scanning Kelvin probe measurements reveals that the interfacial charge-carrier density, resistivity, and activation energy correlate with the electron affinity of F x-TCNQ crystals, with a higher affinity resulting in larger charge transfer. Although the transport properties can be described consistently and quantitatively using a mobility-edge model, we find that a quantitative analysis of charge transfer in terms of single-particle band diagrams reveals a discrepancy ≈100 meV in the interfacial energy level alignment. We attribute the discrepancy to phenomena known to affect the energetics of organic semiconductors, which are neglected by a single-particle description-such as molecular relaxation and bandgap renormalization due to screening. The systematic behavior of the F x-TCNQ/rubrene interfaces opens the possibility to investigate these phenomena experimentally, under controlled conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A systematic study of fabricating nanoparticles (NPs) by cost-effective polymer deposition/solvent displacement (nanoprecipitation) method has been carried out. Five amino acid based biodegradable (AABB) ester polymers (four neutral and one cationic), four organic solvents miscible with water, and eight surfactants were tested for the fabrication of the goal NPs. Depending on the nature of the AABB polymers, organic solvents and surfactants, as well as on the fabrication conditions, the size (Mean Particle Diameter) of the NPs could be tuned within 42 ÷ 398 nm, the zeta-potential within 12.5 ÷ +28 mV. The stability (resuspendability) of the NPs upon storage (at room temperature and refrigerated) was tested as well. In Vitro biocompatibility study of the NPs was performed with four different stable cell lines: A549, HeLa (human); RAW264.7, Hepa 1-6 (murine). Comparing the NPs parameters, their stability upon storage, and the data of biological examinations the best were found: As the AABB polymer, a poly(ester amide) composed of l-leucine, 1,6-hexanediol and sebacic acid–8L6, as a solvent (organic phase—DMSO), and as a surfactant, Tween 20.