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This study investigates and explores post-primary teachers' perceptions and attitudes towards wellbeing in Irish schools, identifying the enabling activities, factors, and barriers to promoting wellbeing using the National Council for Curriculum and Assessment (NCCA) Junior Cycle Wellbeing Guidelines. Using mixed-method design, self-report questionnaires (N = 60) and semi-structured interviews (N = 10) were used with a sample of post-primary teachers from various career stages (6.7% having 1–2 years of experience, 26.7% with 3–5 years of experience, 15% with 5–8 years of experience, and the majority, 51.7%, having more than 8 years of experience). Subject teaching curricular areas included a broad spectrum, namely Physical Education (PE) (71.7%), Irish (33.3%), Mathematics (16.7%), English (10%) and Social, Personal and Health Education (SPHE) (10%). Participating schools included a mix of rural and urban settings, with 91.7% of the sample located in the South West region of Ireland. Schools represent a diverse range of educational environments, ranging from public religious (33.3%) to vocational community (23.3%), to public multi-denominational (20%), to private (1.7%) and to other school type settings (11.6%). A snowball sampling technique was used for survey data collection, while convenience sampling was used for the interviews. A custom self-report questionnaire was developed for this study, with reliability and validity established through piloting and expert review. SPSS software was used for quantitative analysis. A significant positive association was found between teachers' familiarity with the guidelines and their perceptions of Wellbeing Guideline effectiveness in supporting student wellbeing (χ2 (6, N = 60) = 54.7, p < 0.001). Additionally, a shared vision of wellbeing among school communities emerged as crucial for adopting a whole-school approach (χ2 (4, N = 60) = 12.9, p = 0.012). This strengthens the evidence that the alignment of perspectives on wellbeing is not just beneficial but crucial for the systemic and sustained implementation of wellbeing initiatives in schools. It indicates that greater awareness and understanding of wellbeing and the Wellbeing Guidelines through Professional Development enhances teachers' buy-in and confidence in the successful promotion of wellbeing. A qualitative analysis of interviews (N = 10) identified barriers like time constraints, limited teacher skillsets, and the current prioritisation of academic achievement over social-emotional learning. Teachers emphasised that staff wellbeing is essential for student wellbeing and that there is a need for more professional development and practical wellbeing approaches to be provided to schools. Finally, the study portrays the complex interplay of individual, interpersonal, community, and societal influences on wellbeing, mapped across the Bronfenbrenner Ecological Framework, emphasising the multidimensional nature of wellbeing in educational settings. It provides stakeholders with an illustration of how wellbeing can be practically and contextually integrated across a school or organisation. Potential limitations of the study include a narrow generalisability of the findings due to the majority of participants being PE teachers. In Ireland, it is important to note that PE teachers are a cohort who have curriculum responsibility on the delivery of Wellbeing as an area of learning for students aged 12 to 16 years old. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the research methodology of the basics of information security. A special place is given to the selection of methodological research tools. This selection was made on the basis of the exclusive importance of the field of information provision in interaction with other directions of state building and national security. At the same time, we note that the raised issue has an interdisciplinary nature due to its inherent legal and structural nature: legal, economic (technological), and moral and psychological components. Under such conditions, the philosophical-dialectical method is extremely important in view of its epistemological nature, which will contribute to the derivation of the author’s conclusions and judgments, which will be characterized by consistency and continuity. The conducted analysis made it possible to reveal that the current summary in terms of understanding the role and significance of the methodological component for the results of our research is the following: from the point of view of the methodology of legal science, the paradigm of information security has a complex structure, which is formed by the elements: law enforcement methodology, the legislation of Ukraine, the systematics of legal norms, explanations of the legal norm, the procedure for implementing the provisions of the law, the legal policy of the state in the field of information security, media culture and media ethics in the application of legislation that regulates the issue of complete access of citizens to sources of information, tactical and strategic directions of activities of entities ensuring security in the use of information, the effectiveness of the application of legislation, law-enforcement examination of departmental regulations regulating relations in the field of information security. Attention is drawn to the fact that any of the listed structural elements of a complete complex of information security can serve as the object of a separate scientific study. The above studies revealed that the selected methodological tools for solving the task of our scientific intelligence will contribute to the professional research of the in-depth component processes of the implementation of measures in the areas of protection of the information space of Ukraine. The application of methodological techniques will allow us to more fully and comprehensively reveal the role of the information security institute in the development of our ideas about the system of measures to ensure the information hygiene of the Ukrainian media, public-legal and private-legal intellectual space, to identify new aspects in its structure and elemental composition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the analysis of current legislation, available scientific, journalistic and methodological sources, the article clarifies the content of the system of subjects of administrative and legal support of information security in Ukraine. It is proposed that the system of subjects of administrative and legal support of information security should be understood as a set of legislative, executive and judicial authorities, state, public and other organizations and associations, and citizens who may participate in administrative and legal support of information security in accordance with the legislation regulating relations in the field of information security. It is established that the system of subjects of administrative and legal support of information security includes a wide range of structures of both state and non-state affiliation. The first group (state entities) is represented by the State represented by the President of Ukraine, legislative, executive and judicial bodies, which, having different competencies in the field of administrative and legal support of information security, perform key tasks and functions in it. The second group (non-state actors) can be divided into two subgroups. The first one includes society represented by legal entities, namely, commercial companies and non-governmental organizations (educational institutions, research institutes, research and analytical centers, etc.) The second group includes individuals (citizens) who may be directly involved in ensuring information security, represented by specialists, experts, information security consultants, etc. It is proposed to: include all non-state actors in the mechanism for implementing the goals and objectives of the Information Security Strategy; make the widest possible use of the capabilities of non-state actors in this area, and therefore intensify the involvement of citizens, public associations, organizations, etc. in solving the problem of information security; create an Interagency Commission on Information Security within the structure of the National Security and Defense Council of Ukraine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Peculiarities of legal regulation of population protection during radiation emergency situations at nuclear power plants under martial law conditions have been studied. The decisive link is the prevention of emergency situations at NPPs, the provision of deep-echeloned five-level protection of NPPs in accordance with NP 3062.141-2008 “General provisions for the safety of nuclear plants”. In wartime conditions, additional threats to the NPP as a critical infrastructure facility should be taken into account, including cyber terrorism, cyberespionage, threats of terrorist acts, threats of missile attacks, information threats, as well as the threat of loss of power supply for the NPP’s own needs. The need to create a regulatory body in Ukraine for the implementation of state policy on nuclear and radiation safety issues, as a state collegial body of executive power with a special status, through the adoption of the relevant Law, with the determination of the features of the state regulation of nuclear and radiation safety during the period of martial law, in particular to determine by law, is substantiated conditions for introducing maximum autonomy in NPP management, maximum simplification and minimal intervention in NPP operation while preserving all actions related to ensuring nuclear and radiation safety; proper organization of interaction with the public. According to the results of the study, taking into account the experience of the EU, it is proposed to introduce a system of independent advisory and advisory bodies based on the National Commission for Radiation Protection of the Population of Ukraine (NKRZU), which was formed in accordance with the Declaration on the State Sovereignty of Ukraine of July 16, 1990, as a permanently active higher independent collegial scientific and expert advisory body on anti-radiation protection and radiation safety of the population of Ukraine, with the aim of identifying problematic issues and providing recommendations on the specifics of developing plans for the protection of personnel and the population in the event of radiation accidents at nuclear plants. The research uses the general dialectical method, the method of scientific knowledge, the method of interpreting legal norms, the formal legal method, the comparative legal method, and the method of systemic analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A reference architecture is a key architectural asset for the systems engineer, that intends both to simplify its work and to guarantee the exhaustiveness of the coverage of its system analyses. This paper proposes formal definitions for a reference architecture, based on the theory of abstract interpretation that formalizes the notion of abstraction, which covers respectively large and small‐scale families of systems. These definitions are illustrated by automotive, building, and mining case studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Slovo a Slovesnost is the property of Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Czech Language Institute and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Djoussour El-maarefa is the property of Association of Arab Universities and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Hydraulic bridges are critical components in infrastructure network. One of the major causes of its collapse is due to local scouring of its foundations. Hence in this study, the mechanism and various factors affecting local scour around bridge piers was analyzed. For this, a software platform Hydrologic Engineering Center River Analysis System (HEC-RAS) was used to evaluate local scouring around piers of spillway bridge with radial gates of Telengiri Irrigation Project located in Koraput district of Odisha, India. Soil samples were collected at the site and tested in the laboratory to determine various properties required for model inputs and assess the vulnerability of soil for scouring. Geometric data and design specifications of radial-gated bridge structure along with soil properties of the case study were used to build HEC-RAS model and then steady-state flow profiles were given to calculate local scour depth. Analytical methods such as Kothyari, Richardson, and IRC equations were used to corroborate local scour depth values with the model. The model predicted scouring of 8.29m which is close enough to values predicted by Richardson equation (8.95 m). This small discrepancy was due to not accounting for bed conditions and armoring of bed material. Parameters were varied in the model such as discharge, width and geometry of piers, skew angle of bridge and piers, angle of attack, and different bed configurations to simulate their effect on local scour depth. The soil was found to be highly erodible as per the soil erodibility factor obtained from the Wischmeier equation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Hubei Open Vocational College is the property of Journal of Hubei Open Vocational College Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The motivation for this work arose when noticing that definitions of honeypots' interaction level are mainly based on the information technology environment and do not reflect operational technology even if several honeypot projects approach this field. Within operational technology, programmable logic controllers (PLCs) have a main role, resulting in several honeypot researchers choosing to mimic this device at a certain interaction level. However, searching for an interaction level definition that approaches PLCs results in few studies. In this context, this work aims to explore how to adapt the information technology definition of the interaction level in order to encompass PLCs and their specific features. The method chosen to obtain inputs was a literature review where, in attempting to keep the connection with information technology, the features were based in terms of honey system, honey service, and honey token. The findings of this review provide a means to translate these terms when developing a PLC honeypot for a desired interaction level, resulting in a metrics proposal for low and high interaction. Summarizing the proposed metrics, the system of a PLC can be considered as the vendor specific firmware, its unique device banner, and a realistic network topology. For services, a PLC honeypot reflects the tasks performed by the real device, thus resulting in industrial communication protocols, network management protocols, appropriate response times, code-related interactions, dynamic input and output data processing, physical process simulation, and web interface. Lastly, a PLC honey token can be approached with the PLC program file, MIB file, and software license, among other elements. Based on these metrics, researchers can better evaluate how to design a programmable logic controller honeypot or select tools that match their target interaction level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As oceans cover over 70% of the planet's surface, they represent a large reservoir of resources that remain vastly untapped. Uncrewed underwater vehicles (UUVs) are becoming a key technology for ocean exploration. Ocean thermal gradient is a permanent and reliable energy source that can be used to power UUVs using phase change material (PCM)-based thermal engines. When using PCM-based thermal engines to power UUVs, there are different energy conversion stages: thermal, hydraulic, kinetic, and electrical, dependent on a wide variety of parameters. Thus, optimization of the overall energy conversion is still a challenge for powering the increasing energy demanding UUVs for long missions. The goal of this study is to propose a PCM-based ocean thermal energy harvesting system for powering float-type UUVs such as the SOLO-II float. This reduces the cost of battery replacement and expands the float's mission time. For this purpose, we developed a theoretical model consisting of hydraulic and electrical systems, designed to provide the electrical power needed by the UUV. The hydraulic and electrical systems are implemented using matlab/simulink. Parameter values from the literature and an accumulator size of 3.78 L are used. The mass of PCM calculated for the energy harvesting system is 5.73 kg, providing a theoretical volume change of 0.78 L. Varying the value of the electrical load connected to the electrical generator, the developed model can, theoretically, provide 13.66 kJ of electrical energy, which is more than 1.5 times the energy requirement per cycle for the SOLO-II float. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The digital era has brought significant changes to the banking industry. Technological advances make various financial transactions easier, but also increase the risk of banking crimes such as identity theft, account hacking and online fraud. These banking crimes require an effective law enforcement system to protect customers and the integrity of the financial system. The aim of this research is to compare banking crime law enforcement systems in the digital era in developed and developing countries. This research uses the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) research method. The data that has been collected is then analyzed in three stages, namely data reduction, data presentation and drawing conclusions. The research results show that the banking crime law enforcement system in the digital era in developed and developing countries has differences and similarities. Developed countries generally have stronger legal systems, more adequate resources, and more sophisticated technology to combat banking crime. However, developing countries also have several advantages, such as a more flexible legal culture and the ability to adapt to change more quickly. So, to strengthen the law enforcement system for banking crimes in the digital era, developing countries need to increase international cooperation, strengthen law enforcement capacity, and increase public awareness about banking crimes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Regarding the influence of quality management systems on the success of information technology (IT), it can be started by explaining the importance of quality in the development and implementation of IT systems. In the context of modern business, information technology plays a very important role in supporting operations, increasing efficiency, and providing competitive advantage. However, to ensure that IT systems truly support these goals, quality in every aspect of IT development and management must be maintained. This study aims to analyze the influence of quality management systems on the success of information technology. In an increasingly complex business environment, the quality of information technology is a determining factor in achieving organizational goals. An effective quality management system is expected to increase efficiency, reduce risk, and ensure that results are in accordance with predetermined specifications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The known contents of Isaac Newton's private library include a book seldom noticed by biographers or historians of science: a 1662 edition of the Eloquentia bipartita of the Jesuit scholar Famiano Strada. Contents include two lectures, originally given in Rome early in the century, that offer a fictitious account of a contest a century before, in which the leading humanists of the day had squared off against one another, each dressed up like his favorite ancient poet. These curious lectures reveal a forgotten link between the workings of poetic influence in the classical tradition and Newton's paradigm-shattering theories of mechanics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Today, studies to develop absorption refrigeration cycles that use low and medium temperature cheap and clean energy sources in the field of refrigeration have gained momentum. In this study, analyzes have been made with the assumption that NH3-H2O and LiBr-H2O working fluids are used in the single-effect absorption refrigeration system and the energy required for this refrigeration system is provided by solar energy. For the provinces of Antalya and Kocaeli, which are selected from our two regions with different solar energy potential, the collector areas and collector efficiencies required to operate the system when the absorption refrigeration systems are operated with the vacuum tube collectors supported by solar energy have been calculated separately according to the months. At the end of the study, the solar utilization rates (SF) have been calculated in detail these two different working fluids and compared with each other in order for the analyzed systems to benefit from solar energy in the most economical way. In the SF analysis conducted to utilize solar energy economically, the collector areas found suitable for LiBr-H2O and NH3- H2O fluid pairs for Antalya have been calculated as 65 and 105 m² with SF ratios of 78.4% and 75.2%, respectively. For Kocaeli, the economically feasible collector areas have been calculated as 85 and 135 m² for LiBr-H2O and NH3-H2O pairs with SF ratios of 76.2% and 71.6%, respectively. Turkey has a rich potential in terms of solar energy due to its geographical location, and meeting the increasing energy need for refrigeration with this potential will make a significant contribution to our economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Shanghai University of Sport is the property of Editorial Department of Journal of Shanghai University of Sport and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Using the complementary strengths of Bayesian networks, decision trees, artificial neural networks (ANNs), and Markov models, this endeavor intends to completely revamp clinical decision-making. In order to provide instantaneous access to image-driven insights and clinical decision support systems (CDSS), want to create a revolutionary framework that merges these cutting-edge methods with cloud-enabled technologies. The proposed framework gives a comprehensive perspective of patient data by merging the probabilistic reasoning of Bayesian networks with the interpretability of decision trees, the pattern recognition abilities of ANNs, and the temporal interdependence of Markov models. This helps doctors to make more educated judgments based on a larger spectrum of information, leading to better patient outcomes. Healthcare workers can get to vital data from any place because to the cloud-enabled architecture's seamless scalability and accessibility. This not only increases the efficiency of decision-making, but also improves communication and cooperation between different medical professionals. This uses cutting-edge modeling strategies and cloud computing to pave a new path in clinical decision-making. This system has the potential to greatly enhance healthcare by integrating image-driven insights with CDSS, to the advantage of both patients and healthcare practitioners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Shanghai University of Sport is the property of Editorial Department of Journal of Shanghai University of Sport and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The purpose of this paper is to establish the existence of multiple positive solutions for a coupled system of second-order undamped Sturm-Liouville boundary value problems. The technique is based on the Six functionals fixed point theorem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electronic Accounting (E-accounting) is considered a new concept in the field of accounting. E-accounting replaces paper with electronic sources for accounting records and documentation. It retains a lot of time, zeal, paper and funds for any type of organisation. New software for recording accounting transactions is released every day which is giving technological improvements. E-accounting is characterised as the use of Internet technologies and online applications for business accounting. Additionally, it helps organisations maintain their accounting software and financial data in a secure manner while granting authorised users real-time access regardless of location or computer platform. The objective of the paper is to understand the basic concept of E-accounting, the characteristics of E-accounting, its benefits and drawbacks, and its conclusion. The purpose of this study is to shed light on the implications of E-accounting in modern companies. The review of related literature that was used to develop the study’s theoretical framework served as the secondary source of data for this report. According to surveys, many businesses fail not just due to low-quality products, a lack of qualified employees, or managerial problems, but also because of bad accounting procedures. It has been determined that the company needs to switch to current accounting procedures from outdated ones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gastroretentive drug delivery systems (GRDDs) have emerged as an innovative and promising approach for enhancing the bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy of drugs with narrow absorption windows in the upper gastrointestinal tract (GIT). Among various GRDDs, swellable and floating systems have garnered significant attention due to their ability to prolong gastric residence time, improve drug dissolution, and facilitate sustained drug release (SDR). This comprehensive review provides a detailed exploration of the principles, mechanisms, and advancements in swellable and floating Gastroretentive systems. The key strategies, such as the use of hydrophilic polymers, gasgenerating agents, and superporous hydrogels, are discussed. These systems offer benefits in treating conditions like peptic ulcers, gastroesophageal reflux disease, and infections, where prolonged localized drug action is desirable. A critical assessment of recent preclinical and clinical studies highlights the therapeutic potential of GRDDs in optimizing drug delivery for poorly soluble drugs and drugs with short half-lives. Challenges such as variability in gastric retention, potential toxicity of excipients, and patient-specific factors are also examined. It includes the outlining future trends in GRDDs, focusing on the incorporation of nanotechnology, 3D printing, and biocompatible materials to overcome existing limitations and further enhance therapeutic outcomes. This highlight of review article is initially introduction of GRDDs and their significance, mechanism and their classification of GRDDs, intermediately describe brief on swelling and floating GRDDs system with their application, lastly it describes the recent advances in patent, clinical trials and marketed products for GRDDs swellable and floating system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We consider the inhomogeneous semilinear wave equation with linear damping ∂ttu−Δu+∂tu=|u|p+w(t,x) in (0,∞)×RN, where p>1 and w≢0. A general criterium for the nonexistence of global weak solutions is established. In the particular case w=ω(x), we obtain the critical exponent in the sense of Fujita (first critical exponent) and the critical exponent in the sense of Lee and Ni (second critical exponent) for the considered problem. Namely, we show that, if 1p∗(N), then a global solution exists, for some ω>0 and suitable initial values. Moreover, when N ≥ 3 and p>p∗(N), we prove that for σ0 with ω(x) ≤ C|x|−σ for |x| large, and suitable initial values. Next, we extend our study to the case of systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Soybean productivity in paddy fields is influenced by variety selection and grass management practices. This study aimed to assess several soybean varieties and evaluate the impact of soil processing and weed control on Summed Dominance Ratio (SDR), as well as growth and yield of soybean seeds. Conducted in Sungai Kakap, Kubu Raya, West Kalimantan, during 2021, the research employed a Randomized Block Design with 15 treatments and 3 replications. Treatments included various combinations of tillage methods, weed control techniques, and mulching. The study identified four soybean varieties Detap-1, Derap-1, Devon-1, and Dena-2 with large seed sizes and high yields. These varieties also exhibited resistance to common pests such as Etiella zinkenella, Riptortus linearis, and Spodoptera litura. Weed composition analysis revealed O. sativa and Ageratum conyzoides as dominant species. Weed dry weight was lowest in the perfect tillage + pre-emergence herbicide treatment and highest in the minimum tillage + weeds are not controlled treatment. The highest plant growth and seed yield were observed in the minimum tillage + pre-emergence herbicide and perfect tillage + pre-emergence herbicide treatments. Plant height, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per plant, and dry seed yield were significantly higher in these treatments compared to others. In conclusion, varieties Detap-1, Derap-1, Devon-1, and Dena-2 possess suitable physical characteristics for cultivation in Indonesia. The most effective grass management models identified were minimum tillage + pre-emergence herbicide and perfect tillage + pre-emergence herbicide. These findings contribute to optimizing soybean cultivation practices, emphasizing varietal selection and weed control strategies for improved crop performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Space efficiency in Singaporean tall buildings results from a complex interplay of historical, architectural, engineering, technological, socioeconomic, and environmental factors. The city-state's innovative and adaptive approach has enabled it to overcome the challenges associated with skyscraper construction, leading to the development of some of the most advanced and sustainable high-rise structures in the world. However, there is currently a lack of detailed analysis on space utilization in Singaporean high-rise buildings. This study addresses this gap by examining 63 cases. The main findings of this research: 1. Residential functions, central core layouts, and prismatic shapes are the most frequent. 2. Concrete material with a shear-walled frame system is the preferred structural choice. 3. Average spatial efficiency is 80%, and the core-to-GFA (Gross Floor Area) ratio averages 17%. These metrics vary from a minimum of 68% and 5% to a maximum of 91% and 32%, respectively. These insights offer valuable guidance for Singaporean construction professionals, particularly architects, helping them make informed design decisions for high-rise projects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Porcine pasteurellosis is an infectious disease caused by Pasteurella multocida (P. multocida), which seriously endangers the healthy development of pig breeding industry. Early detection of disease transmission in animals is a crucial early warning for humans. Therefore, predicting risk areas for disease is essential for public health authorities to adopt preventive measures and control strategies against diseases. In this study, we developed a predictive model based on multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) and assessed risk areas for porcine pasteurellosis in the Chinese mainland. By using principal component analysis, the weights of seven spatial risk factors were determined. Fuzzy membership function was used to standardize all risk factors, and weight linear combination was used to create a risk map. The sensitivity of the risk map was analyzed by calculating the mean of absolute change rates of risk factors, as well as calculating an uncertainty map. The results showed that risk areas for porcine pasteurellosis were predicted to be locate in the south-central of the Chinese mainland, including Sichuan, Chongqing, Guangdong, and Guangxi. The maximum standard deviation of the uncertain map was less than 0.01and the ROC results showed that the prediction model has moderate predictive performance with the area under the curve (AUC) value of 0.80 (95% CI 0.75–0.84). Based on the above process, MCDA was combined with WebGIS technology to construct a system for predicting risk areas of porcine pasteurellosis. Risk factor data was directly linked to the developed model, providing decision support for disease prevention and control through monthly updates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Ho-Bi-Te ternary system was studied by DTA, X-ray diffraction, and MSA, as well as by measuring microhardness and determining density, congruent triangulation scheme and projection of the liquidus surface, types and coordinates of mono- and invariant equilibria. It is established that this system is triangulated into five pseudo-ternary systems. It was discovered that an incongruently melting ternary compound containing HoBiTe3 is formed in the Ho-Bi-Te ternary system. X-ray phase analysis established that the HoBiTe3 compound crystallises in a tetragonal system with lattice parameters: a = 19.99, с = 13.82 Å, Z = 3. Studying the nature of the interaction of the components of the quasi-binary section Bi2Te3-Ho2Te3 of the Ho-Bi-Te ternary system, as well as thermoelectric materials formed by combining Bi2Te3 with rare-earth tellurides, is of interest from a scientific and practical point of view. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Complexity management in manufacturing systems is crucial for the economic growth of countries, as efficient management can significantly improve business performance and ensure competitiveness in globalized markets. This research aims to develop a complexity management configurator that identifies critical effects, proposes solution strategies, and optimizes processes through a Lean Production and Industry 4.0 approach. To this end, its systematic design integrates the key stages of management: planning, organization, management and control. The research was structured as an applied study, implementing three main panels: general information, application of a diagnostic tool at each stage of the administrative process, and results focused on measuring the complexity and implementation of advanced technological solutions. The tool enables manufacturing companies not only to diagnose sources of complexity, but also to optimize their operations by adopting Lean methodologies and Industry 4.0 technologies. The findings show how the integration of these strategies contributes to reducing both static and dynamic complexity, resulting in greater operational efficiency and improved performance in an increasingly competitive industrial environment. In conclusion, the proposed configurator is positioned as a key tool to improve the competitiveness and sustainability of manufacturing companies by offering a comprehensive approach to complexity management that is tailored to the demands of modern industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The authors of the present article pose and consider in detail the highly relevant issue of whether capitalism has a future or whether it will be replaced by some new system. And if it does have a future, then what future will it be? These questions are nothing new, but in the recent few years, just like a hundred years ago, they have acquired exceptional importance, since not only the Left but also the representatives of the largest financial capital started speaking about the end of capitalism. The present article considers the following aspects: what is capitalism as an economic sector and as an economic system? How did capitalism evolve? What are its potentialities? The authors also make some forecasts for the next 50–100 years. Various scenarios for the future of capitalism are considered: from maintaining its leading role to its reduction to a sector. It is assumed that in the coming decades, the development of capitalism may proceed in different ways in developed and developing countries, which may result in a complex continuum of types, transitions, combinations, and forms of capitalism. In some countries, the development of capitalism has reached a level when it has already exhausted itself and needs transformations; meanwhile, there are countries where full-fledged market relations have not yet emerged. The authors analyze two main types of capitalism. The developed countries are likely to experience a shift toward strengthening of distributive institutions. In their turn, the developing countries that continue the processes of economic and socio-political modernization are likely to proceed toward strengthening of capitalist market institutions, though with some important restrictions preventing exploitation and environmental degradation. The authors believe that capitalism will be inevitably transformed in one way or another, but such transformations can vary greatly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Estudios Filosóficos is the property of Estudios Filosoficos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The construction of shiology system is the premise for comprehensively solving the issues of human shiance. The core of the construction of the shiology system is to reveal the inclusion and juxtaposition of relationships within shiance based on a comprehensive understanding of human shiance issues. The shiology system discussed in this paper is a four-level discipline system with the basic structure of shiology triangle composed of eaters' demands, food acquisition and shiance order, and it is currently in the form of "1-3-13-36". From a longitudinal point of view, 53 inclusion relationships are established among disciplines at all levels. Horizontally, 53 juxtapositions are established between disciplines at the same level. The shiology system is bounded by human shiance issues, not involving non-shiance issues areas. Human cognition of shiance and shiance issues must go through three historical stages as fragmented cognition, block-based cognition and holistic cognition. The construction of the shiology system marks that humans have entered the stage of "holistic cognition" of shiance. As the Chinese proverb goes, "food is the paramount necessity of the people". Shiology system interprets its connotation and extension. To solve shiance issues holistically, it need to ensure food security, enable people to eat healthy, and foster an enduring and stable society. And shiology system is a global public product which comprehensively solves shiance issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The complexity of an innovation system, how it works and how to achieve high performance, represents a significant management challenge. As in any complex system, in an innovation system it is mandatory to operate with a clear idea of the various key elements and relationships in the system, what constitutes the emerging properties of the system and to identify effective channels to influence the performance of such a system. Bearing this in mind, we adopt a systemism approach, applying the principles of Mario Bunge's CESM metamodel. We suggest a new generic model that can be adapted to fit many different aspects of real-life innovation decision making. An important objective for this generic model is to combine all critical internal and external systemic factors, i.e., to depict all critical nodes and interaction processes between subsystems (internal factors) and all critical nodes and interactions processes with the broader innovation ecosystem (external factors). Another key objective was to establish a model suitable for communication and decision making that is compatible with the key terms and the definitions in the new ISO 56000 standard on innovation management. The paper defines the main elements of a generic innovation model and exemplifies the potential usefulness of the model by showcasing three distinct applications. We hope that our new systemism model could be an additional tool for better strategic management with respect to emerging properties of knowledge dynamics, risk assessment and mitigation, and the monitoring and continuous improvement of critical innovation processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aims: Designing and implementing telerehabilitation systems would require the identification of data elements to meet disabled people's needs. An in‐depth study on the identification and validation of data elements can help design and implement telerehabilitation systems successfully. Therefore, this study aimed to identify and validate data elements to design a telerehabilitation system for the speech and language disorders of hearing‐impaired children in Iran. Methods: This descriptive cross‐sectional study was conducted in three steps including literature review, focused group discussion, and Delphi technique implementation to extract and validate data elements. In the first step, the literature on electronic databases was reviewed to extract the data elements of telerehabilitation systems, and nine studies were selected based on the inclusion criteria. In the second step, a focused group discussion was held to review and classify the extracted data elements. Finally, the Delphi technique was employed to validate the drafted data elements. Results: In total, 352 data elements were extracted from the literature review. Finally, 102 data elements in 10 categories (Demographic and Clinical information of the disabled person, Clinical history, Demographic information of the provider, Customization of exercises, Reminders, Online and offline counseling, and training, Reporting, Key features of the system, Evaluation of the progress of the disabled person) were classified and validated by experts as essential data elements to design a telerehabilitation system for the speech and language disorders of hearing‐impaired children. Conclusions: The necessary data elements were proposed as the foundations to design a telerehabilitation system for the speech and language disorders of hearing‐impaired children. These data elements help design and implement telerehabilitation systems successfully so that such systems can easily be provided for children with hearing disabilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The vibroflotation construction is a significant measure for foundation improvement in hydropower engineering. Currently, vibro-stone columns are still constructed manually. The construction process relies mainly on the experience and responsibility of workers, which has the shortcomings of low precision in pile formation control and low degree of automation, leading to problems such as uneven pile formation, high labor intensity, and poor pile quality. This study proposes an intelligent vibroflotation control model (iVCM) based on the analysis of the pile formation mechanism and former experiences. Intelligent control of vibroflotation construction is realized through intelligent control of the vibrator current, rope pull, filler amount, and vibrator depth. A crane-type intelligent vibroflotation control system was developed to realize one-button intelligent control of pile formation. Its application in Yingliangbao Hydropower Station shows that the intelligent vibroflotation control system can regulate the construction operation of the pile formation process, improve the vibroflotation quality, reduce labor intensity, and have prospects for applicability in similar projects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the physicochemical basis for the production of barium aluminate binders, supplemented with compounds and solid solutions including cobalt oxide. The results of calculating the temperature dependence of Gibbs free energy are presented for model reactions simulating all possible variants of two-phase equilibria in the CoO–BaO–Al2 O3 system. Using thermodynamic analysis, the stability of the terminals of the above system is established, which makes it possible to triangulate it. The complete subsolidus structure is presented, as well as the geometric and topological characteristics of the CoO–BaO–Al2 O3 system and its phases. The presented results of thermodynamic analysis of solid-phase reactions involving barium aluminates and cobalt-containing oxides allow comparing the paths of reaction phase formation of binders from various ingredients. The article substantiates the possibility of effectively modifying barium-aluminum binders with waste cobalt catalysts on corundum supports. These circumstances make it possible to justify the choice of raw materials at a qualitative level, and, in combination with calculated data on the geometrostatistical characteristics of the subsolidus structure of the CoO–BaO–Al2 O3 system, to obtain technologically important information about the features of dosage and mixing of components when fabricating the binder. The results of this study allow reducing the number of long-duration and labor-intensive experiments to obtain a modified binder with a target set of characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper discusses the self-regulation of law as one of its systemic inherent manifestations. Such problem statement enables the researcher to explain the mechanism that ensures the specific quality of objective law. Studying the self–regulation of law involves identifying what the inherent qualitative state of law dwells on – whether it is spontaneous or controlled from the outside. The purpose of the study is to view the methodological possibility of applying a synergetic model of self-regulation to law. This model describes spontaneous formation or change of structure in open, unstable and nonlinear systems. The Author associates the specifics of self-regulation of law with its teleological nature. The paper highlights the two aspects of teleological character of law: the purpose of its emergence and the purpose of its qualitative variety. On the one hand, law, emerging to serve a specific purpose, does not exist as an independent and self-sufficient entity, but as a specialized means of a particular purpose. On the other hand, law is a functioning system based on purpose and expediency. The quality of the system is always specific and adapts in order to achieve the set social goals. The paper proves that the teleological nature of law excludes self-regulation properties viewed synergetically, which implies the spontaneous activity of the system. The study shows that the processes taking place in law are characterized not by internal, spontaneous, but by external determination. The sequence and content of these processes is controlled from the outside by the purposeful activity of the law-creating subject and is subject to the general logic of the purpose of law. Considering law as a human-organized and controlled system; nevertheless, the Author proves that it has selfregulation properties. The self-regulation of law in the paper is viewed as one of the specific ways of preserving and reproducing its integral characteristics. According to the Author, the self-regulatory properties of law are reduced to its “self-adjustment”, which is not spontaneous, but deliberately set by a human to achieve appropriate goals. The mechanism of such “self-adjustment” is based on a set of adaptive legal means and specific connections that provide integrity, quality and functionality of law regardless of external conditions.

The article analyzes theoretical approaches to the elemental composition of the internal financial audit system (hereinafter — IFA) in the public administration sector. The development of internal financial audit, in particular the creation of sufficient methodological support for internal financial audit, is considered as a basis for improving the quality of budget process management and increasing the efficiency of budget expenditures. The purpose of the study is to solve the scientific problem of expanding the internal financial audit in the public sector methodological tools, which is essential for the development of the public finance management theory and improving the budget expenditures efficiency. The information basis was the normative legal acts, which regulate the organization and implementation of the internal financial audit, the international organizations documents in the field of internal audit, the domestic researchers’ works in the field of internal financial audit and internal audit. The methodological basis of the work is formed on the scientific cognition general methods (collecting data about the research object, comparing approaches to categorizing the research object, processing data through analysis, synthesis, generalization, grouping and classification). The scientific novelty of this study lies in the improvement of methodological tools for internal financial auditing in the public administration sector, which is crucial for the development of the public financial management theory and for improving the budgetary expenditures efficiency. Based on the data of the national scientific school, the article clarifies and theoretically substantiates the elements of the internal financial audit system in the public administration sector. The conceptual approach proposed by this study can be applied in the public administration sector organizations with minor adaptations. The results of the study are intended for a wide range of readers, including chief administrators and administrators of budgetary funds in the internal financial audit organization and implementation, the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation in improving the internal financial audit methodology.

The paper shows that the efficiency of the machine and tractor fleet is significantly influenced by operating conditions. It is known that the harsher the operating conditions, particularly those related to climate, the higher the frequency of failures, which, in turn, results in the reduced durability and efficiency of the equipment. One way to mitigate failures and power losses in the motor-transmission unit, as well as improve fuel efficiency, is by utilizing the waste heat from the internal combustion engine. This approach ensures an optimal temperature in the main units of the machinery at negative ambient temperatures. (Research purpose) The research aims to develop a technological scheme for utilizing waste heat from the internal combustion engine, specifically the heat from exhaust gases, to maintain the optimal temperature in the main units of the machine and tractor unit. (Materials and methods) The potential for using exhaust gas heat in the proposed scheme was studied and assessed using an experimental setup. The results were processed using the exergy research method. (Results and discussion) It is found that the power of the exhaust gas heat fl w at various engine operating modes provides favorable conditions for its utilization in the proposed scheme. Based on the research results, a system for maintaining a set temperature regime in the main units and trailer unit of a self-propelled machine was developed and patented. (Conclusions) The presence of significant kinetic and thermal energy in the exhaust gases enables its secondary use. A technological scheme for utilizing the heat of exhaust gases from internal combustion engines has been developed as a system for maintaining a set temperature regime in the main units and trailer unit of a self-propelled machine. The application of the developed system will maximize the utilization coefficient of the heat released during fuel combustion in the engine.

Abstract Porcine pasteurellosis is an infectious disease caused by Pasteurella multocida (P. multocida), which seriously endangers the healthy development of pig breeding industry. Early detection of disease transmission in animals is a crucial early warning for humans. Therefore, predicting risk areas for disease is essential for public health authorities to adopt preventive measures and control strategies against diseases. In this study, we developed a predictive model based on multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) and assessed risk areas for porcine pasteurellosis in the Chinese mainland. By using principal component analysis, the weights of seven spatial risk factors were determined. Fuzzy membership function was used to standardize all risk factors, and weight linear combination was used to create a risk map. The sensitivity of the risk map was analyzed by calculating the mean of absolute change rates of risk factors, as well as calculating an uncertainty map. The results showed that risk areas for porcine pasteurellosis were predicted to be locate in the south-central of the Chinese mainland, including Sichuan, Chongqing, Guangdong, and Guangxi. The maximum standard deviation of the uncertain map was less than 0.01and the ROC results showed that the prediction model has moderate predictive performance with the area under the curve (AUC) value of 0.80 (95% CI 0.75–0.84). Based on the above process, MCDA was combined with WebGIS technology to construct a system for predicting risk areas of porcine pasteurellosis. Risk factor data was directly linked to the developed model, providing decision support for disease prevention and control through monthly updates.

This article focuses on the impact of disasters and accidents on the conditions for socio-economic and demographic development of rural areas in Bulgaria. The topicality of the topic is caused by the necessity of the new conditions of globalization to overcome regional and local risks related to the way of life of the population. To a large extent, the processes of urbanization and the relocation of the population in urban areas lead to the creation of threats to its security, mainly by disrupting the reliability of the functioning of the natural-ecological and socio-economic systems. Rural areas and their potential for security and regional development must therefore be strengthened. In this regard, it is important to create the necessary basic conditions for the life and development of the population - minimum infrastructure, taking measures to reduce natural and environmental risks through a system encompassing activities and facilities for monitoring, maintaining, and cleaning riverbeds and forests in sparsely populated areas in Bulgaria.

The agrarian business in Bulgaria has the potential for development by applying a marketing approach to its management. Agricultural production can be developed by satisfying the needs of the market. The supply of Bulgarian agricultural products faces many market challenges, which forces farmers to look for means to improve the market image of their products. The purpose of the article is to determine guidelines for improving the management of Bulgarian agricultural holdings. Implementation of strategic marketing activities by farmers can improve their economic performance based on better market performance. The correct implementation of these activities requires that they be considered as part of a systemic process that affects all elements of the production and marketing system. This requires that the management functions related to planning, execution, and control of marketing activities are performed in the context of the market environment for each particular business.

The demand for energy on a global scale is continuously rising due to the expansion of energy infrastructure and the increasing number of new appliances. To address this growing need, an efficient energy management system (EMS) has become indispensable. By implementing EMS, both residential and commercial buildings can significantly improve their energy efficiency and consumption. One crucial aspect of enabling EMS to operate efficiently is load forecasting. The accuracy of load forecasting depends on numerous factors. A reliable load forecast model should consider the region's weather forecast, as it plays a crucial role in developing an accurate prediction. This study is about the medium-term load forecasting (MTLF) for the Province of Taroudant, Morocco, using historical monthly load and weather data for five years (2018 to 2022). To forecast consumed energy three methods are used namely artificial neural network (ANN), fuzzy logic (FL) and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS). This paper selects absolute percentage error (APE), mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), correlation coefficient (R) and root mean square error (RMSE) to compare and evaluate the prediction accuracy of models. It has been observed through results analysis that the ANFIS model produces very accurate forecasting prediction with MAPE of 4.75% while ANN and FL models give respectively MAPE of 7.36% and 8.42%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traffic sign detection is a crucial aspect of advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) for academic research and the automotive industry. seeing that accurate and timely detection of traffic signs (TS) is essential for ensuring the safety of driving. However, TS detection methods encounter challenges like slow detection speed and a lack of robustness in complex environments. This paper suggests addressing these limitations by proposing the use of the you only look one version 7 (YOLOv7) network to detect and recognize TS in road scenes. Furthermore, the k-means++ algorithm is used to acquire anchor boxes. Additionally, a tiny version of YOLOv7 is used to take advantage of its real-time and low model size, which are required for real-time hardware implementation. So, we conducted an experiment using our proprietary Morocco dataset. According to the experimental results, YOLOv7 achieves 85% in terms of mean average precision (mAP) at 0.5 for all classes. And YOLOv7-tiny obtains 90% in the same term. Afterward, a recognition system for the prohibitive class using the convolutional neural network (CNN) is trained and integrated inside the YOLOv7 algorithm; its model achieves an accuracy of 99%, which leads to a good specification of the prohibitive sign meaning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses the evolution of nonlinear oscillation control methods and presents an innovative approach known as analytical design of aggregated oscillation controllers (ADACO). This method is based on the principles of synergetic control theory and focuses on the integration of selforganization and control processes to synthesize energy-efficient control laws for nonlinear oscillating systems. The authors elaborate on the theoretical foundations of ADACO, which extends the previous analytical design of aggregated controllers (ADAC) method by incorporating energy invariants and integrals of motion into the synthesis of control laws. This approach demonstrates significant advantages over traditional methods, offering a versatile framework for the design of energy-efficient control systems for a wide range of nonlinear oscillating systems in various fields such as aerospace, robotics, vibromechanical systems, and objects with chaotic dynamics. The aim of the paper is to establish a unified approach to the control of nonlinear oscillations, solving both the problems of generation of stable oscillations and suppression of unwanted perturbations. The application of synergetic control principles in the framework of ADACO opens prospects for further development of nonlinear control theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Knee arthritis is a destructive disorder that affects the knee joints and causes pain and reduced mobility. Drug treatments, weight loss, and exercise control the symptoms of the disease, but these methods only delay the disease process and eventually, knee joint replacement surgery will be needed. After surgery, with the help of a proper physiotherapy program, full recovery takes an average of 6–12 months. However, currently, there is no similar tool to facilitate this process in Iran. Objective The purpose of this research is to design and develop the prototype of a rehabilitation system for patients after knee replacement surgery, which provides patients with information and appropriate physiotherapy programs. Methods This study was development-applied and was done in three stages. In the first stage, the needs and content of education and therapeutic exercises were prepared in the form of a checklist, and then the necessity of each item was checked in the evaluation sessions. In the second stage, the prototype of the system was developed using Adobe XD software and based on the requirements approved from the previous stage. In the third stage, the usability of the program was analyzed from the point of view of experts using the exploratory evaluation method with Nielsen’s 13 principles of usability. Results At first, the system requirements were extracted and prepared in two checklists of content (51 exercises) and capabilities (60 items). Then after a survey of experts based on the Delphi technique, content information (43 exercises) and functional and non-functional requirements (53 items) were obtained. A survey of experts helped to finalize the information elements, categorize them, and prepare the final version of the checklists. Based on this, the system requirements were classified into 11 categories, and the training content was classified into 3 training periods. Finally, the design and development of the system was done. This system has admin, physician, and patient user interfaces. The result of usability showed that this system is efficient and there are only a few problems in the feature of helping users to detect and recover from errors. Conclusion It seems necessary to develop a system based on the principles of usability by therapists and rehabilitation specialists to train and monitor the remote rehabilitation process of patients after knee joint replacement at home. And the importance of involving stakeholders in the design and development of remote rehabilitation systems is not hidden from anyone. Kara system has all of the above.

Many societal challenges need to be resolved through innovative solutions at system level. Previous scholars have argued that it may be wise to combine design practice and system theory to form a management method for public sector innovation. However, it appears that few scholars have developed innovation management methods based on that combination. The aim of this article is therefore to contribute with new knowledge about how design practice and system theory can be combined in order to drive public sector innovation. The article proposes the development of a previously proposed systemic design management model and presents a toolbox with twelve innovation management tools. Although there is a logic in using the tools in a certain order, this article emphasizes the need for a flexible use of the tools and to be open to moving back and forth between different tools. The results also indicate that an initial key tool is to ensure that the right people become involved in the different phases of the innovation process. It is more important to involve the right people in different phases than to follow a specific pre-designed process model. In order to successfully create and implement innovative solutions at system level, the innovation processes need to engage different human resources for different tools. Different resources that understand the needs can contribute with new perspectives and also possess the mandate to make systemic changes.

The objective was to assess the levels of formation and leading components of the patient safety system of the anesthesiology and resuscitation (A&R) service (department) of multidisciplinary hospitals.Materials and methods. Expert assessment of the patient safety system of the anesthesiology and resuscitation service (department) of 235 multidisciplinary hospitals, including the assessment of its level, leading components, and their structure in the overall sample. Expert assessment method. Statistical analysis of data distribution, Student’s t-test for independent samples of different sizes, correlation analysis.Results. It has been established that in the main part (38.3%) of multidisciplinary hospitals, the A&R service is at an average (sufficient) level of ensuring patient safety. 17% are at a high (organized) and highest (system-organized) level in terms of ensuring patient safety. A fairly large part (44.7%) is at a low (insufficient) and minimal (critical, extremely low) level of ensuring patient safety. At the same time, the level of ensuring patient safety in the A&R service of multidisciplinary hospitals is important and has a close but inverse relationship with the level of digitalization. Comparison of the severity of the five leading (main) components (criteria) for ensuring patient safety in the A&R service of multidisciplinary hospitals made it possible to assess the levels of their completeness and their structure and showed that in the general sample, the most pronounced criteria for ensuring patient safety were «Teamwork, staff expertise» and «Availability of medicines».Conclusion. The current state of the patient safety system of the A&R service of multidisciplinary hospitals is characterized by 5 levels and 5 leading (main) components, the expert assessment of which made it possible to distribute the A&R services of hospitals according to the indicated levels, identify the structure of their leading components an determine target areas for improving the patient safety system.

Background. The need for reconstruction (and not modification, as it was previously done) of school mathematics education, due to the intensive development of information technology, requires the restoration of the foundations on which it is built. Discussions about what topic to include or exclude from a mathematics course based on arguments like “It is impossible to be an educated person without knowing...” on the one hand, or “Children cannot understand anything about...” on the other, clearly have no chance in obtaining productive solutions. Objectives. This paper introduces a system of concepts and distinctions that provides the basis for solving the problem of constructing foundations for designing a school mathematics course. Methods. The study involves problematization (transition from a problem situation to a problem formulation), methodological analysis of the problem, introduction of conceptual distinctions, construction of a system of relations between concepts. Results. A distinction has been introduced between the content and contents of mathematical education — both as a process and as a result. It is shown that functionally (substantively) mathematics exists in culture as a system of mental means necessary to represent the relationships between conceivable entities in a particular science or field of activity. Accordingly, the content of the process of mathematical education is the mastery of these mental means and methods of applying them, and the content of mathematical education as a result is the possession of these mental means and methods for representing the relationships between entities of a particular nature. Conclusions. It is shown that mathematics functionally acts as a system of mental means and therefore the design of school mathematical education should be carried out precisely in the logic of mastering mental means, and not “topics”, “objects”, “tasks”, “skills”, “knowledge”, etc. In the second part of the article, a developed system of ideas will be used to specify, on the one hand, the tempo-rhythmic structure of the educational process, and on the other, to provide a logical justification for the initial part of mathematical education (arithmetic) as a process of mastering mathematical thinking tools.