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Nanomaterials are an emerging class of compounds with potential to advance technology for wastewater treatment. There are many toxic substances in industrial wastewater that are dangerous to the aquatic ecosystem and public health. These pollutants require the development of novel techniques to remove them from the environment. Iron oxide nanoparticles are being studied and develop as new technology to address the problem of environmental pollution due to their unique properties and effectiveness against different kind of pollutants. A variety of modified iron oxide nanoparticles have been developed through extensive research that mitigates the shortcomings of aggregation or oxidation and enhances their efficiency as novel remediator against environmental pollutants. In this review, we present synthetic approaches used for the preparation of iron oxide nanoparticles and their corresponding nanocomposites, along with the processes in which the materials are used as adsorbent/photocatalysts for environmental remediation. Applications explored includes adsorption of dyes, photocatalytic degradation of dyes, and adsorption of heavy metal ions. The use of iron oxides nanocomposite in real wastewater samples and recyclability of adsorbents and photocatalysts were also explored. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Nanomaterials are an emerging class of compounds with potential to advance technology for wastewater treatment. There are many toxic substances in industrial wastewater that are dangerous to the aquatic ecosystem and public health. These pollutants require the development of novel techniques to remove them from the environment. Iron oxide nanoparticles are being studied and develop as new technology to address the problem of environmental pollution due to their unique properties and effectiveness against different kind of pollutants. A variety of modified iron oxide nanoparticles have been developed through extensive research that mitigates the shortcomings of aggregation or oxidation and enhances their efficiency as novel remediator against environmental pollutants. In this review, we present synthetic approaches used for the preparation of iron oxide nanoparticles and their corresponding nanocomposites, along with the processes in which the materials are used as adsorbent/photocatalysts for environmental remediation. Applications explored includes adsorption of dyes, photocatalytic degradation of dyes, and adsorption of heavy metal ions. The use of iron oxides nanocomposite in real wastewater samples and recyclability of adsorbents and photocatalysts were also explored. Graphical Abstract

The impact of COVID-19 has rendered medical technology an important factor to maintain social stability and economic increase, where biomedicine has experienced rapid development and played a crucial part in fighting off the pandemic. Conductive hydrogels (CHs) are three-dimensional (3D) structured gels with excellent electrical conductivity and biocompatibility, which are very suitable for biomedical applications. CHs can mimic innate tissue's physical, chemical, and biological properties, which allows them to provide environmental conditions and structural stability for cell growth and serve as efficient delivery substrates for bioactive molecules. The customizability of CHs also allows additional functionality to be designed for different requirements in biomedical applications. This review introduces the basic functional characteristics and materials for preparing CHs and elaborates on their synthetic techniques. The development and applications of CHs in the field of biomedicine are highlighted, including regenerative medicine, artificial organs, biosensors, drug delivery systems, and some other application scenarios. Finally, this review discusses the future applications of CHs in the field of biomedicine. In summary, the current design and development of CHs extend their prospects for functioning as an intelligent and complex system in diverse biomedical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and covalent organic frameworks (COFs), as two typical porous topological materials with large specific surface area, high porosity, and abundant structural synthesis and modification methods, have been widely implemented in the fields of adsorption, catalysis, biomedicine, and sensing. This review starts with an overview of the features, types, history, synthesis techniques of MOFs and COFs and their functionalization of target properties. Then it illustrates the advantages of MOFs and COFs in electrochemical, optical and other sensing methods for biological and chemical analysis. More importantly, this review highlights the recent advances of MOFs/COFs-based sensing devices in healthcare and environmental fields including wearable and flexible, microfluidic, and hydrogel sensing devices. Finally, the challenges and prospects for the application of MOFs/COFs in integrated sensing devices are discussed. It is beneficial for researchers to further design and develop novel MOFs/COFs-based integrated and miniaturized sensing devices for point-of-care testing and risk monitoring applications. • A systematic introduction to the features, synthetic methods and functionalization of MOFs/COFs is provided. • Advantages of the application of MOFs/COFs for chemical and bio-sensing analytical methods are summarized comprehensively. • Integrated sensing devices based on MOFs/COFs including wearable, microfluidic and hydrogel-assisted devices are highlighted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The impact of COVID-19 has rendered medical technology an important factor to maintain social stability and economic increase, where biomedicine has experienced rapid development and played a crucial part in fighting off the pandemic. Conductive hydrogels (CHs) are three-dimensional (3D) structured gels with excellent electrical conductivity and biocompatibility, which are very suitable for biomedical applications. CHs can mimic innate tissue’s physical, chemical, and biological properties, which allows them to provide environmental conditions and structural stability for cell growth and serve as efficient delivery substrates for bioactive molecules. The customizability of CHs also allows additional functionality to be designed for different requirements in biomedical applications. This review introduces the basic functional characteristics and materials for preparing CHs and elaborates on their synthetic techniques. The development and applications of CHs in the field of biomedicine are highlighted, including regenerative medicine, artificial organs, biosensors, drug delivery systems, and some other application scenarios. Finally, this review discusses the future applications of CHs in the field of biomedicine. In summary, the current design and development of CHs extend their prospects for functioning as an intelligent and complex system in diverse biomedical applications.

Aldehydes and ketones are parts of millions of compounds and are important classes of chemicals which serve as important precursors for the synthesis of library of compounds. For the synthesis of aldehydes and ketones, one impressive approach to date, because of its excellent selectivity, high yield and stability toward over-reduction and over-oxidation, is the oxidation of organic halides (viz. aliphatic and benzyl halides). The current review covers the conventional and eco-friendly transformational approaches, from 2000 to date, toward synthesis of aldehydes and ketones from organic halides, including mechanistic studies, comparison of different transformational strategies and discussion on scope and cons and pros of each transformational approach. The review would be beneficial to get knowledge about recent synthesis techniques, select finest synthetic approach, develop further new transformational methodologies and improve current transformational approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carbon‐based nanomaterials have significantly pushed the boundary of electrochemical performance of lithium‐based batteries (LBs) thanks to their excellent conductivity, high specific surface area, controllable morphology, and intrinsic stability. Complementary to these inherent properties, various synthetic techniques have been adopted to prepare carbon‐based nanomaterials with diverse structures and different dimensionalities including 1D nanotubes and nanorods, 2D nanosheets and films, and 3D hierarchical architectures, which have been extensively applied as high‐performance electrode materials for energy storage and conversion. The present review aims to outline the structural design and composition engineering of carbon‐based nanomaterials as high‐performance electrodes of LBs including lithium‐ion batteries, lithium–sulfur batteries, and lithium–oxygen batteries. This review mainly focuses on the boosting of electrochemical performance of LBs by rational dimensional design and porous tailoring of advanced carbon‐based nanomaterials. Particular attention is also paid to integrating active materials into the carbon‐based nanomaterials, and the structure–performance relationship is also systematically discussed. The developmental trends and critical challenges in related fields are summarized, which may inspire more ideas for the design of advanced carbon‐based nanostructures with superior properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The widespread use of transition‐metal‐mediated C−H bond activation has altered the field of organic synthesis. Notwithstanding the immense effect this strategy has had on classical organic reactions, the applications of this methodology extend further to the synthesis of natural products and drug molecules. Herein, imaginative and innovative studies on the synthesis of natural products using C−H functionalization methodologies are discussed, showing the importance of this application in the field of organic synthesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanotechnology is a fast-emerging field and has received applications in almost every field of life. Exploration of new synthetic technologies for size and shape control of nanomaterials is getting immense consideration owing to their exceptional properties and applications. Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) are among the most important group of nanoparticles thanks to their diverse applications in medical, electronic, environmental, and industrial sectors. There have been numerous synthetic routes of MNPs including thermal decomposition, co-precipitation, microemulsion, microwave assisted, chemical vapor deposition, combustion synthesis, and laser pyrolysis synthesis. The synthesized MNPs have been successfully applied in medical fields for therapy, bioimaging, drug delivery, and so on. Among environmental aspects, there has been great intimidation of organic pollutants in air and water. Utilization of various wastes as adsorbents has removed 80 to 99.9% of pollutants from contaminated water. MNPs as adsorbents compared to coarse-grained counterparts have seven times higher capacity in removing water pollutants and degrading organic contaminants. This study is focused to introduce and compile various routes of MNP synthesis together with their significant role in water purifications and degradation of organic compounds. The review has compiled recent investigation, and we hope it will find the interest of researchers dealing with nanoparticles and environmental research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Three different techniques, a hydrothermal process with impregnation, solution-combustion and common precipitation with impregnation, were employed for the synthesis of 1.5wt% Pd/CeO2, and the resulting catalysts were denoted as Pd/HY, Pd/COM and Pd/PI, respectively. These catalysts have been investigated in terms of catalytic co-oxidation of CO and methanol and characterized by means of XRD, BET, SEM, STEM-EDS, CO chemisorption, XPS, Raman, O2-TPD, H2-TPR and CO-TPD measurements. Activity results show that a rapid catalytic oxidation of CO following the Mars-van Krevelen-type mechanism favors the complete methanol oxidation at low temperature. Consequently, the Pd/HY catalyst with the highest degree of defect sites connected with the mobility of activated oxygen shows the best catalytic performance. And the generation of more defect sites demonstrated by Raman is assumed for the low crystallinity and small crystallite size of CeO2 synthesized through a hydrothermal process while the high mobility of activated oxygen is evidenced by O2-TPD and H2-TPR. Additionally, the outstanding catalytic performance of Pd/HY is also associated with its high Pd dispersion and stable PdO x species as well as good redox behavior. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

• The review summarized the vital role of MOF exploitation in safe environment and clean energy. • MOFs are characterized by large surface areas and ultrahigh porosity with micro- to mesoporous regime. • Storing of gases as alternative fuel and adsorption of toxic gases onto MOF were concluded. • Reported researches for ultra-filtration of liquid fuel by MOFs in the recent works was presented. • The adsorption capacity depended on the porosity, H-bonding and with minor relevant on the π- π interaction. Combustion of fossil fuel harmfully effects on environment via releasing of sulphur- and nitrogen-containing contaminants as the hazardous chemicals. Liberation of CO 2 , NO 2 and SO 2 as harmful toxic gases within combustion of liquid fuel was 164 000, 448 and 1122 pounds per billion BTU. Therefore, for safe environment and for economic factors related to energy costs, storing of H 2 , O 2 , N 2 , and CH 4 gases as preferably applied as alternative fuel, in aaddition to, ultra-filtration of liquid fuel were extensively reported as considerable researching points of study. The most recent applicable materials as highly porous compounds is the porous coordination polymers or more commonly ascribed as metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), which is mainly constructed from organic ligands (referred to linkers) and metal centers that serve as bridge. MOFs are specially characterized by large surface area and ultrahigh porosity with pore size ranging from the micro- to mesoporous regime, resulting in superior adsorption performance. The current review brightens the vital role of MOF exploitation in safe environment and clean energy. Herein we summarized the most common synthetic techniques for MOFs, functionalized MOFs and MOF containing composites, and the recent researching reports interested in toxic gases capturing, energy storage and ultra-filtration of liquid fuel via adsorption technique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Steroidal pyrazolines constitute an interesting and promising scaffold for drug discovery as they display diverse chemical reactivity and a wide range of biological activities. Literature reports indicate potent anticancer potential of steroidal pyrazolines along with broad-spectrum antimicrobial activities. Strong neuroprotective effects with steroids possessing pyrazoline moiety have also been observed. Among all the therapeutically active steroidal pyrazolines, D-ring-substituted derivatives are highly potent and the least toxic. The current and futuristic research approaches in this area are focused towards the exploration of this promising scaffold to develop molecules with widespread pharmacological activities. This review article mainly covers the synthetic and pharmacological aspects of steroidal pyrazolines, which will assist the medicinal chemists working in this area in their scientific endeavors.