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The restrictions of the pandemic forced the idea of an information system that integrated remote public participation in a live television show. The existing mechanisms were then too rigid, of poor audiovisual quality, and had an excessive and unsustainable delay between emission and reception for real-time television interaction. The creation of the Virtual Audience System (VAS) proposed the use of the most recent technology in areas such as cloud and edge computing, lowlatency audio and video transmission, interactive communication in the web environment, and the creation of immersive binaural sound to overcome the limitations of the moment. With these new technological elements, a new system of transmission and reception of audiovisual information was developed that allows the adaptation and scalability of media production to the type of event broadcasted and its audience with a minimum investment and, at the same time, generates a new concept of audience appropriate for the 21st century. The Virtual Audience System enables interactive and synchronized participation in live entertainment shows and, at the same time, allows the creation of remote virtual participants while guaranteeing a real and immersive experience for the user. The WebRTC, RTMP and SRT technology used, which is already popular and has universal compatibility; the low latency achieved, which is below two seconds for the complete cycle; and the immersive sensation of the audience--everything together predicts that this system can soon transform the television production methodology of shows with live audience participation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on a synchronic literary reading, Jonathan Grossman concludes that Genesis 1-3 represents two autonomous creation stories that must be interpreted independently of one another. Grossman's conclusions, therefore, share much in common with classic diachronic scholarship. This article shows how the narrative analogy in Genesis 5-9 is the best defense for a synchronic, cohesive, and unified reading of Genesis 1-3, and consequently affirms an interpretation that is theologically consistent with the perspective of the New Testament. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study documents the dynamic evolution of Chinese English Scholarship spanning 40 years from its birth to the present. In an attempt to investigate the current status (synchronically) and developmental trajectory (diachronically) of Chinese English scholarship in 1980 to 2020, this study surveyed the bibliographical, theoretical, methodological, and thematic state of Chinese English literature manifested in an analytical framework of six parameters (geographic distribution, publication outlets, citations, research approaches, research methods and research strands) by adopting a thorough bibliometric analysis subsequent to careful and meticulous coding in terms of the six parameters of Chinese English scholarship. The results showed that Chinese English scholarship has displayed distinctive distribution patterns and chronological trends in the bibliographical, theoretical, methodological, and thematic dimensions of literature, based on which, the study sketched a few directions for advancement of future research agendas such as a more globalized researcher profile, a wider range of hosting disciplines, greater heterogeneity of theoretical approaches, stronger methodological rigor and a much balanced scenario of research strands. The study is useful in portraying an overarching disciplinary landscape for Chinese English research and providing the basic reference statistics for possible comparisons to be conducted across regionalized varieties and for more general conclusions to be made about the state of scholarship on world Englishes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Is there anything outstanding about the history of law in Poland? Is it particularly conducive to comparative research? In my attempt to answer these questions, I focussed on presenting two distinct comparative law methods: historical legal comparison and comparative legal history. The paper is divided into two parts. The first part elaborates on the characteristics of the respective methods and on the challenges of comparative legal history in a temporally diachronic perspective and why they are not so pronounced in historical legal comparison. In this part, I tried to document the claim that the existence of a comparative platform of similarities is a condition to obtain more reliable and better-documented results of comparative research. In the second part, I focussed on three cases visualising the possibilities for comparative legal research on the history of law in Poland. Regarding the pre-partition times, I analysed the comparative possibilities related to an analysis of the impact of the Roman law on the Old Polish legal culture. The other two examples concerned the history of law in post-partition Poland. First, I explored the potential triggered by the adoption of foreign laws in Poland in terms of comparative research. I used French commercial law to exemplify the problem. Then, I undertook to show the dormant potential of the particular situation of Poland divided into different legal areas for the development of the country’s own codes of law.

The crux of this paper is to provide a concentrated critical evaluation of Galen Strawson's innovative approach to the self. To that end, I will first attempt to concisely introduce his general thesis, which seems appropriate to be broken up into two major pieces: the phenomenology (experience) of the self, what the self would have to be; and the metaphysics of the self (i.e., a query refers to its metaphysics [its existence and nature]: whether there is any). Explaining and discussing Strawson's twofold account of the self is my first target in this paper. And it is with these two parts that I take issues. Accordingly, I shall determinedly try to develop a counterargument according to which Strawson's establishment of his entire enterprise of the self is based merely on unjustified intuitive generalisation. Next, I will put more effort into making some more argumentative points, mainly to show how his metaphysics does not give much thought to some vital matters of the self in comparison with the systems of metaphysics of his forebears of Western philosophers. What all this means is that Strawsonian metaphysical analysis of the self so conceived and so described appears philosophically to drive itself to justly be placed in an ahistorical context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract In English, -ly suffixation of stative adjectival bases has been considered to be blocked since a dynamic interpretation of the resulting -ly adverb is not possible. However, this suffixation is different in subject-related -ly adverbs, i.e., subject-oriented adverbs that only retain the predicative meaning. Based on the analysis of 52,203 occurrences extracted by lemma from the British National Corpus (BNC) and the Corpus of Contemporary American English (COCA) and with the support of Old and Middle English data obtained from relevant historical dictionaries and corpora, this paper provides a synchronic and diachronic perspective and analysis of stative adjectival bases that allow -ly suffixation. Our qualitative and quantitative analysis establishes both relevant conditions, such as the semantic features -CONTROL and +TEMPORARY, and, conversely, irrelevant conditions, such as the syntactic structure of the verb phrase, for stative adjectival bases to take the suffix -ly. This type of derivational behaviour is thus shown to appear in a specific type of adjectival bases, namely uncontrollable temporal stative adjectives, which are more liable to be used in specific registers, i.e., fiction. In addition, these results provide new evidence for the classification of -ly adverbs within the adjective/adverb interface. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are few more challenging tasks for a historian than organizing and writing a global history. The objections against such a project are obvious: Who possesses the historical knowledge and linguistic skills required for this kind of work? Which are the available sources for global perspectives? Which theories of history can possibly do justice to the variation and diversity inherent in global history? Despite all these implicitly critical and highly legitimate questions, the author of this article has spent five years designing and producing a global history, Natur & Kulturs globalhistoria, in two thick volumes published in late 2022. Departing from the notion that such a work needs to empirically and analytically demonstrate how the world in different diachronic and synchronic ways has maintained a more or less shared and coherent history over time, often by going beyond established boundaries, almost 30 colleagues, mostly consisting of Swedish historians, have written extensive thematic chapters. Some of these, such as migration, environment and tourism, have natural cross-boundary qualities, while others, related to nation-states and power relations, obviously exhibit such qualities to a lesser extent. The article discusses the aims and points of departure, as well as some of the problems and possibilities that we have experienced in the work process, while reflecting on previous historiographical efforts to write global history. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Luridica is the property of Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Lodzkiego and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Against the historical backdrop of two prominent approaches to the Gospel of John, this article argues for an interpretive methodology consistent with evangelical convictions such as divine inspiration and inerrancy. Building on Thomas Brodie's "three waves" classification of Johannine interpretive history and incorporating Andreas Köstenberger's hermeneutical triad, this study offers a methodology for reading the Fourth Gospel that falls within synchronic approaches to John but includes caveats that give due weight to the Gospel's historical and theological veracity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Palatalization is a process through which non-palatal consonants acquire palatality, either through a shift in place of articulation from a non-palatal region to the hard palate or through the superimposition of palatal qualities on a non-palatal consonant. In both cases, there is a front, non-low vowel or a palatal glide that triggers the process. In this paper, I examine the palatalization phenomena in Bùlì using Feature Geometry within the non-linear generative phonological framework. I argue that both full and secondary palatalization occur in Buli. The paper further explains that, the long high front vowel /i:/, triggers the formation of a palato-alveolar affricate which is realized in the Central dialect of Bùlì, where the Northern and Central dialects retain the derived palatal stop.

Heterochrony is an enabling concept in evolution theory that metaphorically captures the mechanism of biologic change due to mechanisms of growth and development. The spatio-temporal patterns of morphogenesis are determined by cell-to-cell signaling mediated by specific soluble growth factors and their cognate receptors on nearby cells of different germline origins. Subsequently, down-stream production of second messengers generates patterns of form and function. Environmental upheavals such as Romer's hypothesized drying up of bodies of water globally caused the vertebrate water-land transition. That transition caused physiologic stress, modifying cell-cell signaling to generate terrestrial adaptations of the skeleton, lung, skin, kidney and brain. These tissue-specific remodeling events occurred as a result of the duplication of the Parathyroid Hormone-related Protein Receptor (PTHrPR) gene, expressed in mesodermal fibroblasts in close proximity to ubiquitously expressed endodermal PTHrP, amplifying this signaling pathway. Examples of how and why PTHrPR amplification affected the ontogeny, phylogeny, physiology and pathophysiology of the lung are used to substantiate and further our understanding through insights to the heterochronic mechanisms of evolution, such as the fish swim bladder evolving into the vertebrate lung, interrelated by such functional homologies as surfactant and mechanotransduction. Instead of the conventional description of this phenomenon, lung evolution can now be understood as adaptive changes in the cellular-molecular signaling mechanisms underlying its ontogeny and phylogeny.

This study reports on recent changes in the use of the hedges kind of and sort of in spoken British English over the past twenty years. A quantitative analysis of these features within subsets of the original BNC 1994 (BNC Consortium 2007) and BNC 2014 (Love et al. 2017) suggests a systematic encroaching of kind of into contexts that are traditionally occupied by sort of. This is highlighted in apparent-time patterns in which younger speakers are leading in use as well as real-time patterns that show a significant increase in use between 1994 and 2014. The hedges sort of and kind of are often treated as semantically equivalent, yet show distributional differences across different varieties of English. This article reports on an ongoing shift in the use of kind of as well as a relatively stable use of sort of. Its main focus is a detailed sociolinguistic analysis of both variants, which, in addition to social factors involved, teases apart some of the linguistic aspects of this shift. In line with the theme of this special issue, the article draws attention to the usefulness of comparable, or comparably made, corpora that allow for focused studies of linguistic change across speakers, generations, registers and communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mechanistic approaches are very common in the causal interpretation of biological and neuroscientific experimental work in today's philosophy of science. In the mechanistic literature a strict distinction is often made between (intralevel) causal relations and (interlevel) constitutive relations, where the latter cannot be causal. One of the typical reasons for this strict distinction is that constitutive relations are supposedly synchronic whereas most if not all causal relations are diachronic. This strict distinction gives rise to a number of problems, however. Our end goal in this paper is to argue that it should be given up, at least in the context of the biological and the psychological sciences. To that effect, we argue that constitutive relations in this context are diachronic, thus undermining the aforementioned reason. We offer two cases from scientific practice in which constitutive relations are regarded as both diachronic and causally efficacious, review three existing ways of dealing with the apparent diachronic nature of interlevel relations in mechanisms and propose a new account of diachronic, causal constitutive relevance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study analyses the conceptual development of Translation Studies in the specific period of history which helps to underline certain basic theoretical systems and approaches in Translation, developed at different periods of American and European culture and history. The second and most important aim is to figure out the similar or different systems and approaches in English Translation of Quran by Mohammad Asad so to render the Translation of Quran as an objective and authentic text for reference in general and English Language classrooms in specific. The most significant phenomenon that emerges out of this synchronic and a diachronic study of translation is that all the past concepts are still practiced in one form or the other and in some cases considered necessary for the translation process. The study also established the fact that translation of sacred text is super intricate phenomenon. Secular theories weather western or eastern theories to great extent are easily traceable in the Translation of Mohd Asad but cannot be directly applicable because of the nature of text. Analysis of Asads Translation also envisions and enlightens us that Translation of Quran meets the standards of English Textual configurations and are highly objective to be used for teaching and learning English with in specific pedagogic frame works. It will not only synchronize the sacred and the secular in the educational setups as recommended by the great Muslim scholars like Ghazali and Ibne Khaldoon but would help eliminate the misconceptions about the authenticity of sacred Translated texts in the class rooms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article critiques R. Keith Sawyer's theory of social causation from his 2005 book Social Emergence. It considers his use of analogy with the philosophy of mind, his account of individual agency, the legacy of Emile Durkheim, the concepts of supervenience, multiple realization, and wild disjunction, and the role of history in social causation. Sawyer's theory is also evaluated in terms of two examples of empirical research: his own micro-sociological studies into group creativity; and Margaret Archer's macro-sociology of education systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Signal Processing is the property of Journal of Signal Processing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The composition of the Sinai pericope presents the reader with several literary problems, with specific reference to the incoherence of the text caused by textual irregularities in the sense of time, genre and theological issues. The chronological issues have led to the proposal that the legal codes (The Decalogue and Covenant Code) were interpolated into a broader narrative framework. Several scholars have attempted to unravel the Sinai pericope with diachronic or synchronic tools. This article investigates several solutions in order to understand Eckart Otto’s contribution to the current debate. Intradisciplinary and/or interdisciplinary implications: This article engages literary criticism and hermeneutics to evaluate Eckart Otto’s solution in the broader framework of the history of research.

In this essay, I aim to address the two related problems faced by ontological emergence and propose a solution. First, I shall briefly outline the concept of emergence, the distinction between ontological and epistemological emergence, as well as the distinction between synchronic and diachronic emergence, and focus mainly on synchronic ontological emergence. Second, I shall discuss the two related problems faced by synchronic ontological emergence—configurational forces and downward causation. Third, I shall present a solution to these problems—affirming ontological emergence but denying vertical causation. Last, I shall address objections to the ontological emergence without vertical causation view. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The literature on onomastics and its subbranch, anthroponomy, in Turkish language is wide. There are numerous valuable papers, articles, dissertations and books on the origins and kinds of Turkish anthroponyms. There are also studies on the reasons for giving names to people. This study was conducted to reveal and to find out the phonological connections between the most used Turkish anthroponyms listed by Besim Atalay in his 1936 study on Turkish Names and by Turkish Statistical Institute (TSI) in 2019. As the names in Atalay's study are relatively old-dated, they constitute diachronic data set; and as the names listed by TSI include the names used between 1950-2019, they constitute a synchronic data set. There are 2,252 names from the diachronic data set list, Turkish Names; and 642 names from the synchronic data set list, Contemporary Proper Names. To reveal the similarities and differences of these names in terms of gender, some phonological features of those names such as syllable structures and types, first and last phonemes, types of vowels and consonants were statistically examined. The results revealed statistically significant differences between male and female names. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses on the use of combined pronouns (s/he, his or her, him/her, etc.) as an example of late twentieth-century non-sexist language reform which had an overt democratizing aim. Within the scope of second-wave feminism, the use of combined pronouns increased the visibility of women in discourse by encouraging the use of feminine pronouns (she, her, hers) alongside masculine pronouns (he, him, his). Despite their promotion, however, the use of combined pronouns is relatively rare. This paper uses the LOB and Brown families of corpora to diachronically and synchronically study patterns in the use of combined pronouns in written American (AmE) and British English (BrE) from the 1930s to the early 2000s. The analysis not only determines what forms these patterns take, but questions whether combined pronouns are influenced by (a combination of) syntax and/or semantics, and questions whether combined pronouns are really democratic at all. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Palatalization is a process through which non-palatal consonants acquire palatality, either through a shift in place of articulation from a non-palatal region to the hard palate or through the superimposition of palatal qualities on a non-palatal consonant. In both cases, there is a front, non-low vowel or a palatal glide that triggers the process. In this paper, I examine the palatalization phenomena in Bùlì using Feature Geometry within the nonlinear generative phonological framework. I argue that both full and secondary palatalization occur in Buli. The paper further explains that, the long high front vowel /i:/, triggers the formation of a palato-alveolar affricate which is realized in the Central dialect of Bùlì, where the Northern and Central dialects retain the derived palatal stop. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present essay addresses Paul Helm's most recent attempt to assimilate the thought of such Reformed scholastics as Francis Turretin to the 'compatibilism' of Jonathan Edwards. Helm has misunderstood a series of important scholastic distinctions concerning the relationship of intellect and will in the older faculty psychology, and the relationship of foundational or, as I identified it, 'root' indifference in the will to its multiple potencies. He has, accordingly, failed to register how Reformed orthodox understandings of free choice outlined in recent scholarship affirm both a simultaneity or synchronicity of potencies or capacities of the will and a diachronicity of actual effects and events. The Reformed orthodox writers certainly thought that human freedom was not incompatible with the divine determination of all things—their resolution of the issue does not, however, coincide with modern compatibilism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding disability remains a challenge. Although the international community has largely embraced the idea that disability is the product of social and environmental practices, society still lacks good conceptual frameworks. In an era when the rights of persons with disabilities have been enshrined in international and national laws, such frameworks have become a necessity. Within the province of Quebec, Canada, the Disability Creation Process (DCP) model has served such a role. Furthermore, recent efforts to enrich the model enhance the applicability of this powerful tool to a broader range of contexts. As a result, the DCP model could be used more widely than it is today. In this paper we provide the foundations of the approach encapsulated by the model and explain how its usage guides policy development and service delivery within the province of Quebec. We also highlight its forward-looking capacities.

Urban Space is not just a simple, physical configuration. Instead, it is a transformation of human experiences with the different synchronic architectural characteristic that needs a critical examination to segregate discrete layers of structural elements. As a result, the traditional urban space is a unique existence of reality; it is a product of prolonged interaction between society and architecture. Neglecting any part in the public space perception process is leading to crash the binary equation letting the meaning paralyzed without being able to represent any society or potentially keep the sense. There are many examples of worn-out urban spaces some of them was a result of ignorance and absent of realization of the interaction between Society and architecture.The Iraqi municipality demolished that relationship by importing different layers that are not compatible with the original one or as a result of inserting new means of technology in the heart of the historic cities. The other example from Erbil, a city north of Iraq, where the municipality determinable removed the old fabric to insert a well-defined rectangle space, somehow to create an urban public space, that procedure juxtaposed by form a barrier to isolate the old Souk from the other part of the old city. Both cities suffered from a misunderstanding of the urban binary equation between space and architecture as a tool to understand the context.

My paper has two aims: to underscore the importance of differently time-indexed 'ought implies can' principles, and to apply this to the culpable inability problem. Sometimes we make ourselves unable to do what we ought, but in those cases, we may still fail to do what we ought. This is taken to be a serious problem for synchronic 'ought implies can' principles, with a simultaneous 'ought' and 'can.' Some take it to support diachronic 'ought implies can,' with a potentially temporally distinct 'ought' and 'can.' I will argue that this problem is not avoided by diachronic 'ought implies can.' [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding disability remains a challenge. Although the international community has largely embraced the idea that disability is the product of social and environmental practices, society still lacks good conceptual frameworks. In an era when the rights of persons with disabilities have been enshrined in international and national laws, such frameworks have become a necessity. Within the province of Quebec, Canada, the Disability Creation Process (DCP) model has served such a role. Furthermore, recent efforts to enrich the model enhance the applicability of this powerful tool to a broader range of contexts. As a result, the DCP model could be used more widely than it is today. In this paper we provide the foundations of the approach encapsulated by the model and explain how its usage guides policy development and service delivery within the province of Quebec. We also highlight its forward-looking capacities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The composition of the Sinai pericope presents the reader with several literary problems, with specific reference to the incoherence of the text caused by textual irregularities in the sense of time, genre and theological issues. The chronological issues have led to the proposal that the legal codes (The Decalogue and Covenant Code) were interpolated into a broader narrative framework. Several scholars have attempted to unravel the Sinai pericope with diachronic or synchronic tools. This article investigates several solutions in order to understand Eckart Otto's contribution to the current debate. Intradisciplinary and/or interdisciplinary implications: This article engages literary criticism and hermeneutics to evaluate Eckart Otto's solution in the broader framework of the history of research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this article is to show that the claim of Richard Muller in his recent book Divine Will and Human Choice: Freedom, Contingency, and Necessity in Early Modern Reformed Thought , that the Reformed Orthodox were not compatibilists in their view of freedom but held to the indeterminate freedom of the will, is false. The argument takes the reader through Turretin's claim in his Institutes that freedom does not consist in indifference but in rational spontaneity. It assesses Muller's argument that indeterminate freedom incorporates choices between two or more contraries and of none by showing that Edwards respected the same distinctions, and that Turretin and Edwards were agreed that God, the human nature of Christ, and the redeemed in heaven did not act from indifference. The article ends with remarks on Muller's interpretation of Turretin's position, that it involves 'multiple potencies,' arguing that this proposal meets serious difficulties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines prescription drug labels (PDLs) via an actor-network theory analysis to demonstrate current challenges with technical communication (TC) scholars’ appropriation of actor-network theory. The authors demonstrate that the complexity of the PDL network requires a more nuanced deployment of actor-network theory notions of durability and synchronicity. Specifically, the authors suggest that diachronic approaches to networks enable a more comprehensive understanding in ways that synchronic approaches cannot. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal Dawat is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)