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This paper proposes novel switched reluctance (SR) inverter for four-phase SR drive which generates high output torque without compromise in efficiency for medium and high speed operations. In prop...

Switched reluctance motors (SRMs) are simple in structure, easy to manufacture, magnet-less, brushless, and highly robust compared to other AC motors which makes them a good option for applications that operate in harsh environment. However, the motor has non-linear magnetic characteristics, and it comes with various pole-phase combinations and circuit topologies that causes many difficulties in deciding on which type to choose. In this paper, the viability of SRM as a low-cost, rugged machine for vehicle radiator cooling fan is considered. First, necessary design considerations are presented, then three commonly use types of SRM are analyzed: A 3-phase 6/4, 3-phase 12/8, and a 4-phase 8/6 to find their static and dynamic characteristics so the most suitable type can be selected. Simulation results show that the 8/6 SRM produces the highest efficiency with less phase current which reduces the converter burden. However, with asymmetric half bridge converter, eight power switches are required for 8/6 SRM and thus put a burden on the overall drive cost. As a solution, the Miller converter with only six switches for four phase SRM. To verify the proposed idea, the 8/6 SRM was manufactured and tested. The results show that Miller converter can be used for the proposed SRM with slightly reduced efficiency at 80.4%.

With an estimated overall power of 1 TW along the worldwide coasts, waves are a promising renewable source in an energy-demanding world (18.000 TWh per year according to the International Energy Agency). SEATITAN is a Horizon 2020 European project concerning a wave energy harvesting system based on a linear electric direct-drive power take-off. A modular power converter and its control system have been designed for an azimuthal multi-translator switched-reluctance machine used as a generator. This paper reports the main aspects of the power converter design and tests.

In a bid to respond to the challenges being faced in the installation of flywheel-based electric energy storage systems (EESSs) in customer-side facilities, namely high safety, high energy/power densities and low cost, research work towards the development of a novel, one-body, laminated-rotor flywheel, based on a switched reluctance machine (OBOLAR-Fly SR machine) is presented, where the laminated rotor provides both the energy storage and motor/generator functions. The one-body architecture improves compactness and robustness. Besides, the rotor&rsquo, s laminated body ensures inherently high safety. From the design perspective, the rotor&rsquo, s dual purpose causes the traditional electrical machines design aspects, such as power development, cooling, losses, torque ripple, etc., to clash with the typical requirements of a flywheel, namely in-vacuum operation and moment of inertia. This results in six main trade-offs to be addressed during the design process: rotor material, speed ratio, number of drive phases, split ratio, optimal vacuum level, and controller hysteresis band. A 60 kW, 2.2 kWh OBOLAR-Fly SR system is developed with a twofold objective: (1) provide an in-depth description of the six bespoke design trade-offs and give some useful guidelines to tackle them, (2) prove the OBOLAR-Fly concept and compare the prototype&rsquo, s performance with the current state of the art flywheels. Preliminary experimental results prove the viability of the OBOLAR idea and show its competitiveness in terms of efficiency and power density. On the other hand, a gap in energy density to be filled in future research works is highlighted.

A prototype of the switched reluctance drive (SRD) with power 15 kW and rated rotation frequency 1500 rpm is considered. The SRD is structurally made in the form of two units (engine and control unit), control unit is attached to the rear of the engine. According to the technical requirements (TR), the energy efficiency class of the engine must be at least IE3 and the electric drive must provide 150 % overload during an hour at the rated speed. In order to guarantee the TR requirements, the drive was designed with a power reserve. Tests of the SRD-15-1500 prototype showed that the engine efficiency is 94.3% and it is higher than the upper limit of the IE3 energy efficiency range, overheating at rated load was less than 30 °C, and at hourly 150% overload less than 50 °C. The results obtained during the tests show that mass and dimensions of the engine can be reduced with complying the requirements of the TR.

Self sensing algorithms are an important research focus to lower cost or increase robustness providing a position sensor backup. This paper focuses on adapting a sliding mode observer for a small electric truck. A simple phase voltage calculation is introduced to lower sensor count to reduce cost and improve reliability. An advanced simulation is used to shorten development and tuning time. Finally the algorithm is tested on a prototype drive setup in laboratory conditions.

The torque production concept of the switched reluctance (SR) machine is considerably different to the Lorentz force based machine. The learning curve to mastering SR technology is steep and comparatively unfamiliar given the need to understand a machine concept in which non-linear effects, i.e., magnetic saturation, play a key role. The chapter starts with describing the principles of energy conversion and torque production of the SR machine using a basic machine model. Modeling of SR drives, different converter concepts, and the control for low and high speed operation are shown. At the end of this chapter, direct instantaneous torque control (DITC) is described which controls the drive in a manner so that the shaft torque is constant.

Сергеев Юрий Сергеевич, канд. техн. наук, доцент, заведующий кафедрой «Электрооборудование и автоматизация производственных процессов», Южно-Уральский государственный университет, филиал в г. Златоусте, г. Златоуст; sergeevyus@gmail.com. Сандалов Виктор Михайлович, канд. техн. наук, доцент, кафедра «Электрооборудование и автоматизация производственных процессов», Южно-Уральский государственный университет, филиал в г. Златоусте, г. Златоуст; sandalov_vm@mail.ru. Карпов Георгий Евгеньевич, аспирант, кафедра «Летательные аппараты», Южно-Уральский государственный университет, г. Челябинск; geor_inform@mail.ru. Yu.S. Sergeev1, sergeevyus@gmail.com, V.M. Sandalov1, sandalov_vm@mail.ru, G.E. Karpov2, geor_inform@mail.ru 1 South Ural State University, Zlatoust, Russian Federation, 2 South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation

International Symposium on Power Electronics (Ee) (20th. 2019. Novi Sad, Serbia), The research was performed with the support of the Russian Science Foundation grant (project 15-19-20057).

The paper presents three rotor position detection modules implemented in FPGA devices. The modules are characterized by different methods of implementation and were developed for use with a switched reluctance drive. They operate in the following modes: sequentially synchronized with a clock signal, concurrently synchronized with a clock signal, and asynchronously. Simulated and measured delays introduced by these modules in the FPGA device are presented.

This paper presents a quasi-Z-source (qZS) converter that allows to supply multilevel voltages for the switched reluctance machine (SRM) drive. The use of qZS converter in SRM drives allows obtaining better high speed operation characteristics since higher voltages can be achieved. The proposed drive uses a qZS converter but designed in order to be possible to apply, to the SRM, different voltage levels on the magnetizing and demagnetizing stages. The presented converter also allows to regulate the output voltages and the difference between the voltage levels. Thus, it is possible to improve the efficiency of the drive, by reducing the switching frequency, as well as having better characteristics for high-speed operation. Different configurations of the converter are presented and the modulator associated to the SRM drive is described. In order to verify the features of the proposed system several results are also presented and discussed.

This paper considers robust and reliable method of self-sensing control of the switched reluctance motor drives at zero and low speeds based on voltage pulse injection. A voltage pulse is injected into inactive phases of the motor to measure motor phase inductance. Clarke transformation is then used to form an inductance vector. Finally, a PLL is used to estimate rotor speed and position. The proposed method was verified by means of simulation.

The information on the introduction of switched reluctance drives (SRD) medium and high power abroad and in Russia in various areas: water and land transportation, mining machinery, pumps and compressors, and others. The world leader in the development and delivery SRD is a Japanese company Nidec Motor Corporation (NMC), which is commercially available under the brand name US Motors line of industrial SRD small and medium power. Mass production SRD average power for electromechanical transmission quarry trucks under a license agreement with NMC also organized Le Tourneau Technologies, Inc., a subsidiary of Joy Global (USA), which produces mining equipment. The pioneer of the establishment and implementation of SRD medium and high power in Russia is the school of electricians SRSTU (NPI), Novocherkassk, which was founded by Professor L.F. Kolomeitsev. Experience in the development and introduction of valve-inductor electric drives medium and high power based on the classic inductor machines with axial excitation have also scientists of the National Research University "MEI". The conclusion of the feasibility of broader deployment, production and marketing of this innovative technology.

Сергеев Юрий Сергеевич, канд. техн. наук, доцент, заведующий кафедрой «Электрооборудование и автоматизация производственных процессов», Южно-Уральский государственный университет, филиал в г. Златоусте, г. Златоуст; sergeevyus@gmail.com. Сандалов Виктор Михайлович, канд. техн. наук, доцент, кафедра «Электрооборудование и автоматизация производственных процессов», Южно-Уральский государственный университет, филиал в г. Златоусте, г. Златоуст; sandalov_vm@mail.ru. Карпов Георгий Евгеньевич, аспирант, кафедра «Летательные аппараты», Южно-Уральский государственный университет, г. Челябинск; geor_inform@mail.ru. Yu.S. Sergeev1, sergeevyus@gmail.com, V.M. Sandalov1, sandalov_vm@mail.ru, G.E. Karpov2, geor_inform@mail.ru 1 South Ural State University, Zlatoust, Russian Federation, 2 South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation Представлены математические модели вентильно-индукторного двигателя и электронного коммутатора с алгоритмом 90-градусной коммутации фаз двигателя. Проведен междисциплинарный расчет построенных моделей. Результатами моделирования являются графики зависимостей токов в обмотках и напряжений на обмотках электромеханического преобразователя от времени. Разработан и изготовлен экспериментальный образец вентильно-индукторного вибропривода с микропроцессорным управлением, исследования которого подтвердили адекватность моделей. The article deals with the issue that there is no study on designing switched reluctance electric vibration drives. Mathematical models of electromechanical converter and electronic commutator with 90-degree motor phase commutation algorithm are presented. The interdisciplinary calculation of the built models was carried out. The results of modeling and simulation are motor windings currents and induced voltage graphs. The experimental prototype of the switched reluctance vibration drive with the microprocessor-based control system is developed and manufactured. The experimental research that proves the models adequacy has been performed. Южно-Уральский государственный университет выражает благодарность за финансовую поддержку Министерства образования и науки Российской Федерации (грант № 9.7960.2017/БЧ). South Ural State University is grateful for financial support of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation (grant No. 9.7960.2017/ВР).

Switched reluctance machines provide a feasible solution for automotive applications. However, a small and low cost power electronics driver is of interest for this purpose. This paper presents a control algorithm for a single-bus star-connected switched reluctance drive system. This algorithm enables the conventional Miller topology to control the phase currents in the multiphase excitation mode of operation. This control algorithm is introduced for motoring and generating modes of operation. The introduced algorithm is simulated under motoring and generating modes. Afterward, experimental measurements are illustrated to prove the practicality of the proposed concept.

Knowing the precise thermal behavior of switched reluctance machines (SRM) is important to increase the power density of such machines. Up to now, literature is lacking about how to model in detail...

This paper presents the design and an encoder-based starting strategy for a low-cost single-phase switched reluctance machine (SRM). The single-phase SRM cannot produce a continuous torque over one revolution. Therefore, applications that do not require a continuous torque, e.g., pumps and fans, are especially suitable. Another issue of single-phase machines is start up. The starting direction is affected by the initial rotor position. Due to the functional concept of SRM the machine produces no torque at aligned and unaligned position of the rotor and consequently, cannot be started from these positions. To start up from every rotor position a saturation-based starting method is used. The design of the rotor with the saturable area is shown and the principles of an encoder-based starting strategy for a fast start-up under 0.5 s are introduced. Finally, the build prototype and experimental results of the starting strategy are shown.

This chapter is devoted to analyzing the chaos in switched reluctance drive systems. It discusses both the voltage-controlled mode and the current-controlled mode. Voltage control is based on the use of voltage pulse-width-modulation regulation. Current control is based on the use of current hysteresis regulation. The corresponding modeling and analysis of chaos are discussed. Both simulation and experimentation are given for illustration.

This article proposes two different methods for estimating the shaft position for a switched reluctance motor (SRM). Method 1 uses the self-inductance estimation technique to obtain the rotor position. First, by on-line measuring the slope of the stator current and compensating for the back electromotive force (EMF) effect, the self-inductance of the SRM can be detected. Then, the shaft position of the motor can be estimated according to the self-inductance. Method 2, on the other hand, uses the phase-locked loop technique to generate high-frequency signals. These signals can be used to estimate the shaft position of the SRM. The two proposed methods are compared and discussed in the article. Several experimental results are shown to validate the theoretical analysis. The adjustable speed range of the system is from 10 to 3000 rpm. Additionally, the proposed drive system can automatically start from a standstill to a setting speed.

The linear counterpart of the rotational switched reluctance drive is receiving increasing attention from academic and industrial societies. The special characteristics of this driving technology, that normally works in a highly magnetic saturation regimen, make the development of efficient design methodologies more difficult. This paper proposes a new numerical model of a Linear Switched Reluctance Actuator based on the flux tube method. For validation purposes, simulation results obtained from the application of presented model are compared with the ones obtained from the application of a commercial finite element tool. The modulation technique proposed here makes possible, with minimal computational effort, the evaluation of the impact in actuator behaviour caused by the changes on the magnetic circuit geometries.

There has been widespread research in the area of sensorless rotor-position measurement in switched reluctance (SR) motor drives. However, there is still a lack of detailed stability and accuracy analysis for the sensorless SR drive system. In this paper, a sensorless rotor-position-measurement method for an SR motor drive is presented. The method is based on estimating a particular rotor position on a phase-by-phase basis and measuring the flux linkage and current when the estimated position is reached. By comparing the measured flux linkage with the pre-stored flux linkage corresponding to the particular position for the measured current, the angular difference between the estimated and particular positions can be calculated. The method is applied to two practical systems, the first being a 0.3-kW 10000-r/min three-phase 6/4 SR motor with a variable load, and the second being a 1-kW 1500-r/min three-phase 12/8 SR motor with a fan load. This paper examines the theoretical stability of the measurement and shows that measurement errors are not compounded and act as a variable disturbance to the system. The theoretical accuracy of the measurement is examined and shown to be acceptable.

In this paper, several techniques of the efficiency improvement of SRM drives are described. One of these improvements is the optimization of applied voltage waveform. Drive efficiency is further increased by application of new low-iron-loss materials such as Super E-Core brand steel strip. Another step of the efficiency improvement consists in optimization of components incurring iron and copper losses by using computer program PC-SRD. As a result, the highest efficiency level achieved in the study was 94.3%. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 162(2): 73–82, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20523

Modern dangerous manufactures like nuclear, military, chemistry or medicine as a part of technical objects often used difficult system of electric drives mechanisms. In this case as urgent issues are the fault-tolerance and failure-free control of these systems. Under review common existing technical solutions in switched-reluctance drive. The paper introduces mathematical model of two-sectioned switched-reluctance drive. Shows MatLab Simulink simulations results of fault-tolerant switched-reluctance drive in emergency modes under loss of phases up to functionality with two phases.

In this paper, several techniques of the efficiency improvement of SRM drives are described. One of these improvements is the optimization of applied voltage waveform. Drive efficiency is further increased by application of new low-iron-loss materials such as Super E-Core brand steel strip. Another step of the efficiency improvement consists in optimization of components incurring iron and copper losses by using computer program PC-SRD. As a result, the highest efficiency level achieved in the study was 94.3%. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 162(2): 73–82, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20523

This paper presents the development of a four-quadrant switched reluctance machine (SRM) drive for high dynamic applications. Comprehensive fundamentals and analysis for operating switched reluctance machines in four quadrants are presented. The drive is designed based on a high dynamic control strategy called Direct Instantaneous Torque Control (DITC). The functionality of DITC is discussed in detail for both motoring and generating operation. A methodology to generate switching functions directly by the hysteresis torque controllers for SRMs is proposed. The proposed controller was prototyped and tested on a digital signal processor/field-programmable gate array development platform. High dynamic operation in both motoring and generating mode and the transition between these modes are validated by experimental results presented at the end of this paper.

Thanks to the inherent benefits of the switched reluctance drive (SRD) such as significant improvements on production, robustness and efficiency, the SRD is attracting great interests for the academic and industrial society in the last decade. Especially, the SRD could be an excellent candidate for vehicle and aerospace applications. However, the SRD is not widely accepted by the industry yet, mainly due to some issues such as missing proven control algorithm, inefficient design process and improper integration into complex engineering systems. To solve these issues, a novel Modelica based design platform for SRD recently has been developed. The design platform provides an easy way to build a SRD system model for control algorithm development, rapid control prototyping, hardware-in-the-loop test and even system integration for complex applications. As result, a systematical design process covering magnetic calculation, control design and system integration for the SRD can be achieved.

Design parameters and measured drive performance of a commercially manufactured Switched Reluctance Drive and an inverter-fed Induction Machine are compared. Both drives are designed for the same rated torque and speed and for identical cooling conditions, namely totally enclosed, fan-cooled machines. Measurements and calculation show that the main outer dimensions of both motors are nearly equal for comparable thermal utilisation. The Switched Reluctance drive delivers a higher efficiency, but also a considerably higher noise level due to several sharp resonances.

Due to the fact of a simple and robust cross-section design switched reluctance machines are perfectly suited to drive hydraulic pumps; either as dry-running version or as canned version for seal-less applications. Besides copper and iron losses, very high losses are produced additionally in the stator and rotor can shields of the seal-less version. These can losses usually count more than 60% of the total losses and have a big impact on the thermal behavior and stability of the switched reluctance drive. Different winding topologies for switched reluctance machines are analyzed for both pump versions with the main focus on the can losses.

SRD has better application in future. We used SRD into hybrid electric vehicle and study integration of starting, running, steering and charging. A 6/4 SRD simulation model can be built by Matlab/Simulink. The characteristics of all stages of the vehicle are described well from this model and also proved the possibility of the control method.

This paper presents a procedure for optimization of the switched reluctance drive, in order to achieve required torque-speed characteristics. SRM configuration and characteristics are given, and experimental verification of the modeled characteristic is presented. Genetic algorithm (GA) was used for optimization of turn-on angle, turn-off angle and voltage, which represent basic control inputs. The achieved results suggest that the machine's geometry should be optimized as well.

In this paper, a new design on power converter for switched reluctance drive (SRD) is proposed. Firstly, several commonly used main circuit topologies in SRD power converter are described, its working principle and characteristic are analysised and compared comprehensively. Secondly, circuit design of SRD power converter with 5.5kW is completed. Finally, components that is needed by main circuit are selected and calculated. Experimental results are given to show the feasibility and effectiveness of the design.

To avoid large fluctuations of the dc-link voltage of switched reluctance drives, usually large capacitors are used. To achieve this, electrolytic capacitors providing high capacitance densities are typically employed. As these particular devices are prone to deterioration, they frequently cause failures and thereby reduce the overall life time of the drive. It is therefore subject of current research to diminish the minimum necessary amount of capacitance for a safe operation of the drive, in order to make the utilization of alternative capacitor technologies possible. In this thesis, two novel approaches are being presented, which allow for a significant reduction of the stress on the dc-link capacitor of a switched reluctance drive. Starting from a comprehensive investigation of different typical load cases, the commutation process of phase currents, which is a characteristic trait of switched reluctance motors, is being identified as the main reason for a low-frequency current strain of the dc-link capacitor. The proposed methods help reduce the load on the dc-link capacitor significantly only by means of control and do therefore not require any modifications of the machine or the drive. Both strategies influence the current waveform of the outgoing phase during the commutation process in such a way that the charge being fed back into the dc-link capacitor is minimized. The first method is based on pulse width modulation and varies the duty cycle of the outgoing phase during commutation to keep the charge in the dc-link capacitor constant during every PWM period. Besides very small residual voltage fluctuations in the dc-link, it can be shown by investigations of the frequency spectrum of the dc-link current that the stress on the dc-link capacitor is completely eliminated at the fundamental electrical frequency. In addition to that, comprehensive computer simulations are carried out to show that the proposed control method does not compromise important performance criteria, such as efficiency or torque ripple. The second introduced control scheme is based on hysteresis control and can be integrated into a conventional current hysteresis control without great efforts. In this approach, the dc-link voltage is observed by a hysteresis controller, which controls the switches of the outgoing phase in such a way that the dc-link voltage stays below a pre-defined limit during commutation. It is shown that this scheme does not degrade the performance of the drive as well. This thesis is concluded by an experimental validation of the proposed control methods on a test stand. Measurements of the dc-link voltage prove that both approaches lead to a significant reduction of the ripple voltage compared to conventional control structures. The remaining ripple voltage of the pulse width modulation scheme is slightly smaller compared to the hysteresis control, which makes it better suited for a combination with controls requiring a constant dc-link voltage.