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Manfred Max-Neef (1932 – 2019) was a Chilean economist, development scholar and activist who, among other notable contributions, articulated the Human Scale Development approach (HSD), centred on the fulfilment of basic human needs. HSD is based on a separation between the fundamental human needs and the satisfiers of those needs (i.e. ways of actualising/fulfilling them), on a classification/theorization of both the needs and the satisfiers and on a methodology for identifying satisfiers that helps to recognize existing obstacles to the fulfilment of needs, to outline preferred alternatives for the actualisation of those needs and to devise ways for realising these alternatives. This work aims to explore some relationships between HSD and geoethics. It is argued that HSD can support geoethics not only theoretically, but also practically through the identification of (geo)ethically compatible satisfiers of human needs. Geoethics, at the same time, can support HSD again theoretically and practically as well, first of all by helping to resolve conflicts between different choices of satisfiers., JOURNAL OF GEOETHICS AND SOCIAL GEOSCIENCES, Vol. 1 No. 1 (2023): Journal of Geoethics and Social Geosciences

Pojam ekodizajna je danas sve više prisutan: u novinama, časopisima, čak i u filmovima, no što je to zaista? Sama riječ dizajn označava da se ovom principu pristupa na način da se prvo osmišljava nešto, nešto eko. U suštini ekodizajn se koristi kao alat u kružnoj ekonomiji i odbacuje razmišljanje linearne ekonomije (kupi-koristi-baci). Temelji se na detaljnijem proučavanju od kuda dolaze sirovine, kako osmisliti proizvod koji će se moći koristiti više puta i u konačnici reciklirati i time produžiti njihov životni vijek. Mnoge tvrtke danas ne znaju da li trebaju i/ili mogu uvesti ekodizajn u poslovanje, te često gledaju negativno i ne razmišljaju o dugoročnim posljedicama. Ekodizajn ima veliki potencijal i kao takav nam nudi veće mogućnosti za bolji i kvalitetniji život. Iako je ekodizajn danas dosta razvijen, ne dovoljno se koristi, a mogućnosti su mu beskrajne. The notion of eco-design is more and more present today: in newspapers, magazines, even in movies, but what is it really? The very word design means that this principle is approached by first designing something, something eco-friendly. In essence, eco-design is used as a tool in a circular economy and rejects the thinking of a linear economy (buyuse-throw). It is founded on studying in more detail where the raw materials come from, how to design a product that will be able to be used multiple times and ultimately recycle it and prolongate its lifespan. Many companies today do not know that they can introduce eco-design into their business or they don't now how to and they often look negatively and do not think about the longterm consequences. Eco design has great potential and as such offers us greater opportunities for a better life and with more quality. Although eco-design is quite developed today, it is not used enough, and its possibilities are endless.

Gender and sustainability are joined by twisting together in a logic and consequent way that only in the recent years has been commonly valorized. On the contrary, in the previous so-cieties it seemed that the process of economic and social development was counterposed to the female identities and roles and today the cultural inheritance is the identification of the gender as a discriminating factor for female and the other gender identities as those of the most vulnerable actors, together with young and old people. Nevertheless, as mentioned before, there is an institutional national and supranational acknowledgment and a growing common awareness on the necessity of the gender equality for the economic, social and cul-tural development, even defined in the UN 2030 Agenda Sustainable Development Goals. The outcomes of the exploration of the positive and negative dimensions of the gender im-plications for the development will be analysed in the perspective of the current definition of a new paradigm: its basic claim is that a stable economic growth and inclusive societies could be only if the female rights are protected and promoted.

By the end of the second decade of the second millennium, humanity feels upcoming difficulties that threat our normal development. One of the most important one seems to be the descry of the end of the fossil fuel reserves. If this situation comes true and no feasible alternative has been found, the situation may lead to a world crisis and eventually a full collapse. Moreover, a reduction and rationalization of the fossil fuel consumption in the mid- and long-term as unique measures do not seem to be an alternative, due to the high demand and the high amount of Green House Gasses (GHG) emissions. Among all the possibilities, hydrogen (either if it is directly used as fuel or in the form of hydrogen cells) seems one of the most promising alternative to fossil fuels. The combustion of hydrogen does not produce GHGs, but the main drawback is that the total fuel volume necessary for producing the same amount of energy is much higher. This project consists in the implementation of hydrogen as the unique fuel source in a commercial airplane A320, proposing two completely new fuel tank configurations for achieving the standard performances of an A320. The proposed modifications, which might have an important impact on the airplane performances, will be studied individually and all together with the overall airplane through multiple computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations, in order to minimize the increase of aerodynamic drag, the reduction of lift, and the impact on the pitching moment. For that purpose, some tank design parameters are set, and several optimization problems are run for deciding the optimal tank design. Then, we study various locations of the tanks to see as well the impacts on the performances. The study concludes stating that storing the fuel in external cylindrical tanks over the wing and the vertical stabiliser achieve highly competitive aerodynamic performances, with respect to the conventional A320 design. To verify the previous results, two scale mock-up models are 3D-printed: one of a conventional A320 aircraft and one of a proposed modified aircraft configuration, identified as the most interesting. In order to compare the numerical simulation results with experimental results, a wind tunnel testing campaign is performed for the scale models mentioned above. Objectius de Desenvolupament Sostenible::7 - Energia Assequible i No Contaminant Objectius de Desenvolupament Sostenible::11 - Ciutats i Comunitats Sostenibles

El municipio de Moniquirá es un destino turístico hotelero, un municipio lleno de recursos naturales, sitios aún no reconocidos que son visitados en menor medida. El turismo del municipio comienza a ser parte del sector rural y lo hace de manera descontrolada invadiendo y contaminando los recursos naturales, el desconocimiento de estos hace que el ecoturismo tome un destino diferente, por lo que se hace necesaria la intervención en el municipio. Se escoge la cascada de El cajón una cascada importante que no se conoce de su riqueza, de esta manera inicia la idea de un proyecto comprometido con el ambiente que ayude a que se reconozcan las riquezas naturales del municipio y se aprovechen de manera responsable, partiendo de conceptos como las formas orgánicas del entorno y simbología muisca. El proyecto busca también la implementación de energías alternativas y de materiales naturales como la guadua y el bahareque. The municipality of Moniquira is a hotel tourist destination, a municipality full of natural resources, sites not yet recognized that are visited to a lesser extent, the tourism of the municipality begins to be part of the rural sector and does so in an uncontrolled way invading and polluting resources ignorance of these causes ecotourism to take a different destination, so intervention in the municipality is necessary, the waterfall of el cajón is chosen, an important waterfall that is not known for its wealth, in this way the project idea a project committed to the environment that helps to recognize the natural wealth of the municipality and take advantage of it responsibly, based on concepts such as the organic forms of the environment and Muisca symbols, the project also seeks the implementation of alternative energies and of natural materials such as guadua and bahareque. Pregrado

Mestrado Bolonha em Contabilidade, Fiscalidade e Finanças Empresariais A utilização das tecnologias de informação (TI), no mundo empresarial, tem sido cada vez mais notória, afetando o exercício da atividade de auditoria, através do uso das Técnicas de Auditoria Assistidas por Computador (TAACs). Apesar disso, a literatura refere que o recurso às TAACs tem ficado aquém do esperado em auditoria interna. Esta dissertação procura analisar o impacto da personalidade dos auditores internos na intenção do uso das TAACs e se essa intenção influencia a sua real utilização e, por fim, perceber se as TAACs melhoram a sustentabilidade empresarial através das atividades de auditoria interna. No estudo, foram utilizados os dados recolhidos, junto de 62 auditores internos portugueses através de um questionário, tendo as hipóteses de investigação sido analisadas através do Partial Least Squares – Structural Equation Modelling. Os resultados mostram que apenas o traço da consciência se mostrou relevante na intenção da utilização das TAACs. Por sua vez, a intenção de uso das TAACs influencia a sua real utilização por parte dos auditores internos. Por fim, obtivemos a evidência de que a utilização das TAACs está positivamente associada com o risco de fraude, pelo que estas são um instrumento importante para a melhoria da sustentabilidade das organizações. The use of information technologies (IT) in the business world has been increasingly notorious, affecting the exercise of the auditing activity through the use of Computer Assisted Audit Techniques (CAATs). Despite this, the literature shows that the use of CAATs has been less than expected in internal auditing. This dissertation seeks to analyze the effect of personality of internal auditors on the intention of using CAATs and whether this intention influences its actual use and finally to understand if CAATs improves the corporate sustainibility through internal audit activies. The study used data collected from 62 Portuguese internal auditors through a questionnaire, and the research hypotheses were analyzed using Partial Least Squares – Structural Equation Modelling. The results show that only the conscientiousness trait proved to be relevant in the intention of using CAATs. On the other hand, the intention of using CAATs influences their actual use by internal auditors. Finnally, we obtained evidence that the use of CAATs is positively associated with the risk of fraud, so they are an important instrument for improving the sustainability of organizations. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Mit Architektur darf nicht nur die Planung einzelner H��user verstanden werden, sondern es muss auf viele verschiedene Faktoren R��cksicht genommen werden, diese pr��gen die architektonische Gestaltung einzelner Objekte bis hin zu gr����eren Ensembles. So gesehen ist auch der Wirtschaftszweig Tourismus ein sehr wichtiger Bereich, der die Architektur ganzer Regionen beeinflusst. In der gegenw��rtigen Situation ist der Wunsch nach kurzer Anreise im Tourismus stark gestiegen. Das Sehnen nach Erholung, abseits von Massentourismus, ist beliebter geworden. Die Corona-Pandemie, die im Jahr 2020 in Europa begann, hat dazu beigetragen, dass ein Gef��hl von Sicherheit eine wichtigere Rolle spielt. Der nachhaltige Tourismus steigt in der Beliebtheit der erholungssuchenden Reisenden. Die vorliegende Diplomarbeit besch��ftigt sich mit der Gemeinde Lunz am See, die im s��dwestlichen Teil Nieder��sterreichs in die Voralpen eingebettet ist. Aufgrund der geographischen Lage ist Lunz am See nach wie vor ein beliebter Ort f��r Erholungssuchende, die es, wie es im geschichtlichen Teil nachzulesen ist, bereits fr��her in Form der Sommerfrische nach Lunz gezogen hat. Gegenw��rtig ist der Trend nach Erholung in leicht erreichbaren Gebieten gestiegen, folglich ist auch in Lunz am See eine gr����ere Anzahl an Touristen zu bew��ltigen. Der Analyseteil dieser Arbeit erl��utert die gegenw��rtige Situation und zeigt auf, welche Potenziale in Lunz am See vorzufinden sind und wie diese genutzt werden k��nnen. In verschiedenen Konzepten werden M��glichkeiten aufgezeigt, wie Lunz am See in sanfter Form eine Fremdenverkehrsgemeinde wird, in der nachhaltiger Tourismus von gro��er Bedeutung ist., Architecture should not only be understood as the planning of individual houses, but many different factors must be considered. These factors shape the architectural design of individual objects up to larger ensembles. The tourism industry is a very important area which influences the architecture of entire regions. The desire for short journeys in tourism has been rising sharply over the years and recovery, away from mass tourism, has become more popular. The corona pandemic, which began in Europe in 2020, has further contributed to a growing importance of safety. Sustainable tourism is therefore increasing in popularity among travelers. This diploma thesis deals with Lunz am See, which is a town embedded in the pre-alps in the south-western part of Lower Austria. Due to its geographical location, Lunz am See is a popular place for those looking for recovery. Therefore people have been coming to Lunz am See for the ���Sommerfrische��� for many years, as can be read in the historical section. In the past few years Lunz am See has a larger number of tourists to deal with, because the trend of recovery in easily accessible areas is increasing. The analysis of this thesis explains the current state of Lunz am See and shows which potentials can be found and how they can be used. Different concepts show how Lunz am See can gently become a tourism-oriented community in which sustainable tourism is very important.

[ES] La finalidad principal del proyecto consiste en la elaboración de un Plan de Movilidad Urbana Sostenible para mejorar la movilidad del municipio de El Puig de Santa María. Para ello se analiza a la población existente, así como las redes de comunicación, los servicios y la movilidad actual. Una vez caracterizada la oferta y la demanda de movilidad, se diagnostica la problemática existente y se plantean propuestas sostenibles para promover una movilidad sostenible, a pie, en bicicleta y transporte colectivo, y conseguir aumentar la calidad de vida de los ciudadanos de El Puig de Santa María., [EN] The main purpose of the project is to prepare a Sustainable Urban Mobility Plan to improve mobility in the municipality of El Puig de Santa María. For this, the existing population must be analyzed, as well as communication networks, services and current mobility. Once the demand and offer of mobility is characterized, the existing problems are identified and sustainable solutions are projected to promote sustainable mobility, on foot, by bicycle or public transport, and to increase the quality of life of the citizens of El Puig de Santa María.

This study aims to look at the development of agricultural land use in Bungo District for the use of other businesses such as plantations, mining, and other commercial buildings as well as analyze policies in the use of agricultural land to non-agriculture. This research applies qualitative methodology in descriptive analysis. The results of the research are formulated as alternative policies, namely the formulation of policy revisions or renewal of Regional Regulation Number 13 concerning the 2013-2023 Regency Spatial Planning and Regency of Bungo. Next steps are determined from the results of the recommendations as follows: (i) Immediately formulate and formulate policies by inviting all stakeholders to prevent the practice of transferring agricultural land to other uses; (ii) This rule can be implemented by involving various roles from agricultural groups in the village on an ongoing basis and inviting cooperation with the local village government; (iii) When a business actor who wants to use agricultural land for other purposes must go through environmental analysis and studies and can only be used by the community that has the original identity of the village in question. The Bungo District Government needs to do (i) preventive prevention by inviting all stakeholders in the village government (ii) validation of regulations related to the use of productive agricultural land use in the 2013-2023 RTRW Perda.

This paper attempts to illustrate the importance of the UN Global compact concept by examining its history and features, analysing its weaknesses and criticisms, evaluating its strengths and asking if its continuance is desirable globally. In the summing up part of the paper the conclusion is reached that the continuance of the Global Compact is essential. El artículo intenta ilustrar la importancia del Pacto Mundial de las NacionesUnidas, para lo cual examina su historia y sus características, analiza sus puntos débiles y sus críticas, evalúa sus puntos fuertes, se pregunta si es deseable que continúe a nivel mundial, y concluye que es esencial la continuidad del Pacto Mundial Universidad Pablo de Olavide

This paper attempts to illustrate the importance of the UN Global compact concept by examining its history and features, analysing its weaknesses and criticisms, evaluating its strengths and asking if its continuance is desirable globally. In the summing up part of the paper the conclusion is reached that the continuance of the Global Compact is essential., El artículo intenta ilustrar la importancia del Pacto Mundial de las NacionesUnidas, para lo cual examina su historia y sus características, analiza sus puntos débiles y sus críticas, evalúa sus puntos fuertes, se pregunta si es deseable que continúe a nivel mundial, y concluye que es esencial la continuidad del Pacto Mundial, Universidad Pablo de Olavide

[ES] Este Trabajo de Fin de Grado plantea el diseño de un asiento de carácter sostenible y de sus posibles variantes, siguiendo el briefing que propone el Concurso Internacional de Diseño convocado por la empresa Andreu World en su edición 2020. Se ha escogido este tema debido a la actual necesidad de diseños más sostenibles con el objetivo de reducir los impactos medioambientales. De acuerdo con las bases de dicho Concurso, el material principal que se propone es la madera ya que es el más ecológico para fabricar asientos al ser 100% biodegradable, aunque también pueden utilizarse materiales innovadores que sean sostenibles y que fomenten el ecodiseño teniendo en cuenta su durabilidad. También se ha de tener en cuenta que el proceso de fabricación sea de bajo impacto, con bajas emisiones y bajo consumo energético. Se pretende desarrollar un asiento atemporal y de una estética cuidada para que sea duradero al margen de las modas. Además, para el diseño del producto se estudiarán recomendaciones ergonómicas en relación con las medidas óptimas de un asiento así como las normativas aprobadas por la UNE tanto para los materiales que conforman el asiento como para el producto en sí mismo. En resumen, con el desarrollo de este asiento se propone un diseño sostenible que garantice la protección del medio ambiente y ayude a mejorar el nivel de vida de los usuarios con un diseño duradero que no comprometa a generaciones futuras. Asimismo, la versatilidad del asiento debe permitir su colocación en cualquier estancia del hogar., [EN] This Final Degree Project propose a sustainable seat design and its possible variants following the briefing that Andreu World provides in the 2020 International Design Contest. This topic has been chosen due to the current requirements of more sustainable designs to reduce environmental impacts. According to Competition rules, the principal material can be wood since it is the most ecological to manufacture seats and 100% biodegradable, but also innovative sustainable materials can be used fomenting eco-design and considering their durability. Moreover, the fabrication process should be low impact, with low emissions and low energy consumption. The developed seat should be timeless with careful aesthetics to make it durable. In addition, for this product design, the standardized ergonomic criteria should be studied related to optimal measurements of a seat and the UNE approved regulations should be considered also for seat materials or for the product itself. To sum up, this sustainable design guarantees environmental protection and helps to improve the users standard of living with a durable design without involving future generations. Likewise, the versatility of the seat has to allow its colocation in any home stay., [CA] Aquest treball de final de grau planteja el disseny d’un seient de carácter sostenible i les seues possibles variants seguint el briefing que proposa la empresa Andreu World al concurs internacional de disseny de 2020. S’ha escollit aquest tema a causa de la actual necessitat de productes més sostenibles amb l’objectiu de reduir els impacts mediambientals. Segons les bases del concurs, el material principal que es proposa es la fusta ja que es el més ecològic per a fabricar seients i es 100% biodegradable, encara que també es pot utilitzar materials innovadors que siguen sostenibles i fomenten l’ecodisseny tenint en compte la seua durabilitat. També, es té constancia que el procés de fabricació siga d’un baix impacte, amb baixes emissions i d’un baix consum energètic. El seient que s’ha dessenvolupat es atemporal i d’una estètica acurada per a que siga durador en el temps. A mès, per al disseny del producte s’han estudiat els criteris ergonómics estandaritzats relacionats amb les medides òptimes d’un seient i seguint les normatives aprobades per la UNE per als materials que conformen el seient i el producte en si. En resum, amb el dessenvolupament d’aquest seient es proposa un disseny sostenible que garanteix la protección del medi ambient i ajude a millorar el nivel de vida dels usuaris amb un disseny durader sense comprometre a generacions futures. Així mateix, la versatilitat del seient permiteix la seua colocació a qualsevol estada de la llar.

The kinetic energy derived from the heavy rainfall constitutes one of the main factors of the geomorphological processes in Mediterranean environments, as well as in the landscape and the ecosystem modeling, resulting from its extraordinary spatial and temporal variability. When the rainfall is analyzed, particularly in Mediterranean climate and in the context of Climate Change, it is not only necessary to consider the total rainfall collected annually, but also it is essential to take into account other variables as intensity, duration, and frequency. A series of extreme rainfall databases have been analyzed for the last 25 years (1993-2017), with daily, horary and 10-minutes registers. These have been obtained from different weather stations belonging to the Agencia Estatal de Meteorología –AEMET- and the S.A.I.H. Hydrosur Network, spatially distributed in two regions of the province of Malaga. (Guadalhorce and Axarquía). The results show the limited frequency of the events considered as torrential rainfall according to the Agencia Estatal de Meteorología criteria ( 100mm/24h; 60mm/60’) and a high occurrence of shorts heavy downpours ( 10mm/10’), especially in recent years. These downpours have been classified as “geomorphological rainfall”, short events capable of activating hydro-soil processes, owing to its high intensity and the vulnerable conditions of the eco-geomorphological system in the study areas.

[ES] En cuanto a las actividades de extracción concierne, son un desafío para la innovación en Italia. Es posible mirar hacia el futuro haciendo salir al sector de la construcción de una crisis que transcurre ya durante 9 años. A pesar de haber reducido las cantidades extraídas de arena y grava en los últimos años, los números siguen siendo muy altos. Todos estos datos nos han llevado a realizar este trabajo, el cual quiere profundizar en el comportamiento del hormigón realizado, reemplazando una parte del agregado convencional con cáscaras de mejillones, oportunamente tratadas y trituradas. Para saber las necesidades específicas de nuestro cliente, le realizamos una entrevista a la profesora Dora Foti del Politécnico de Bari. Gracias a esta entrevista se han detectado los principales objetivos del proyecto; realizar hormigón con materiales de descarto, utilizar como material de descarto las cáscaras de los mejillones y conseguir un hormigón laborable incrementando su ductilidad y/o la resistencia a tracción. El estudio continua utilizando un conjunto de técnicas y herramientas aprendidas durante la formación académica del Grado en Ingeniería en Organización Industrial. Por ejemplo, para entender mejor los objetivos planteados se realizaron tanto el diagrama de espina de pez de Ishikawa como la casa de la calidad. Al haber entendido los requerimientos, se realizó un plan experimental en el cual se valoran distintos métodos para proceder. Una vez escogido el diseño experimental más adecuado para nuestro caso, se realizaron todas las pruebas necesarias en el laboratorio (tracción y compresión) para comprender si finalmente se consigue una mejora sostenible del proceso comparando las características técnicas del nuevo hormigón con el tradicional., [EN] As for the activities of extraction that concern, they are a challenge of innovation in Italy. It is possible to look forward to the future making the sector of the construction escape of a crisis that is going on already for 9 years. In spite of having reduced the quantities extracted from sand and gravel in the last years, the numbers are still very high. All this information has led us to a further investigation, this project, which wants to deepen into the behavior of the produced concrete, replacing a part of the conventional aggregate with rinds of mussels, opportunely treated and crushed. To know the specific needs of our client, we interviewed the teacher Dora Foti of Politecnico di Bari. Thanks to this interview the principal aims and objectives of the project have been detected; to produce concrete with waste materials, to use as waste material the rinds of the mussels and to obtain a workable concrete increasing its ductility and / or the resistance to traction. The study continues using a set of tools and techniques learned during the Industrial Management Engineering Bachelor. For example, to understand better the raised objectives we made Ishikawa s fish spine and the house of quality. When our given requirements where fully understood and studied we planned an experiment with different design methods which where evaluated and the best option chosen. Once we could proceed with the best experiment design for our Project all the necessary tests ( traction and compression)where executed in the laboratory to understand and be able to conclude if finally there is a sustainable improvement of the process comparing the technical characteristics of the new concrete with the traditional one. On having had understood the requirements, there was realized an experimental plan for which different methods are valued to proceed. Once chosen the experimental design most adapted for our case, all the necessary tests(proofs) were realized in the laboratory (traction and compression) to understand if finally a sustainable improvement of the process is obtained comparing the technical characteristics of the new concrete with the traditional one.

Las últimas décadas del siglo XX y el comienzo del siglo XXI han estado marcadas por la constatación de que la relación del hombre con la tierra ha llegado a un punto sin retorno. En ese contexto aparece el concepto de sostenibilidad, idea que sobrevuela casi todos los ámbitos de la cultura actual y que se ha ido alimentando de ciertos preceptos ideológicos que han transformado la visión del mundo desde una posición de enfrentamiento hombrenaturaleza, hasta una posición de inclusión hombre y naturaleza.c; para producir una técnica al servicio de los anhelos más profundos del ser humano. En definitiva dos formas de construir el hábitat ligada a un entendimiento simbiótico o depredador del mundo, que forman parte de dos planteamientos culturales opuestos y excluyentes, que de forma simultánea elaboran los mitos de la modernidad en relación con el hombre y su hábitat. The last decades of the XX century and the beginning of the XXI century have been marked by the realization that man’s relationship to the land has reached a point of no return. In this context the concept of sustainability, an idea that flies over almost every aspect of contemporary culture appears and and it has been increasing certain ideological precepts that have transformed the world view from a position of confrontation between man and nature, to a position of inclusion man and nature. An evolution from positivistic positions where man acquires a centrality against the natural and the technique has a monitoring role and predation, to positions in which a cosmic vision of the world is incorporated, in order to produce a technique that it help to reach the deepest desires of humans. In short two ways of constructing the habitat linked to a predatory or symbiotic understanding of the world that are part of two opposite and mutually exclusive cultural approaches that simultaneously produce the myths of modernity in relation to man and his habitat.

Petroleum is currently the primary raw material for the production of fuels and chemicals. Consequently, our society is highly dependent on fossil non-renewable resources. However, renewable raw materials are recently receiving increasing interest for the production of chemicals and fuels, so a new industrial system based on biomass, an inexpensive, abundant and renewable raw material, is being established with sustainability as the main driving force [1]. The processing facilities for the production of multiple products (including biofuels and chemicals) from biomass are referred as biorefineries [2]. The optimal synthesis of biorefinery networks problem is defined as: given a set of biomass derived feedstock and a set of desired final products and specifications, determine a flexible, sustainable and innovative processing network with the targets of minimum cost and sustainable development taking into account the available technologies, geographical location, future technological developments and global market changes. The problem of optimal design of biorefinery networks is solved in this work through three different stages: (i) synthesis stage, (ii) design stage, and (iii) innovation stage. At the synthesis stage, the considered alternatives are represented in a superstructure, from which a mixed-integer linear or nonlinear programming (MILP or MINLP) problem is derived and solved in order to find the optimal processing network for a pre-defined objective function. Next, at the design stage, the selected processing network is simulated and analyzed and targets for improvement are identified. Finally, a more sustainable design is achieved at the innovation stage by generating innovative solutions that satisfy the targets from the design stage. This work is concerned with the first stage: the synthesis stage. Various biorefinery processing alternatives are represented in a superstructure and the associated data is collected and stored in a database. Once a specific biorefinery synthesis problem is formulated, the superstructure is reduced in order to include only the relevant alternatives. The superstructure is reduced based on constraints from the problem formulation, such as location or raw material. The reduced superstructure is then represented using mathematical models - the modelling approach by Quaglia et al. [3] is used - and solved to find the optimal network. The applicability of the proposed approach is shown through a practical case study for the production of valuable products (i.e. lysine and lactic acid) from sugarcane molasses; these alternatives are considered with respect to availability and demands in Mexico [4].