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Entrepreneurship education has emerged as a powerful driver of sustainable development, especially in regions grappling with socio-economic challenges like South Africa. This paper draws on a qualitative research method, utilizing secondary data sources from various authors. The data was gathered from published and peer-reviewed publications, internet sources, and textbooks relevant to the issue at hand. Several authors highlighted the crucial role of entrepreneurship education in equipping students with the necessary competencies and attitudes to navigate complex challenges and devise innovative solutions. By fostering creativity, resilience, and adaptability, these programs empower individuals to become agents of change in their communities, driving economic growth, social empowerment, and environmental stewardship. This paper underlines the importance of integrating sustainability principles into entrepreneurship education curricula to ensure the development of socially and environmentally responsible enterprises. Additionally, it emphasizes the need to nurture a culture of entrepreneurship and innovation to unlock the potential for prosperity and resilience in marginalized communities. This approach aligns with the aspirations of the National Agenda 2063 and Sustainable Development Goal 4, which aims to transform economies and create jobs. Entrepreneurship education fosters economic growth, social empowerment, and environmental stewardship, contributing to a more prosperous and resilient society.

The digitalization of public administration is a pertinent and significant subject matter at the European Union level, and by extension, at the national level in Romania. The primary goal of this study is to examine the process of digitalization in public administration and assess the implications generated by the adoption of e-government services on several macroeconomic variables, namely economic growth, quality of life and potential growth. In this perspective, we shall undertake an analysis of the advantages that digitalization confers, as well as the trajectory that digitalization follows within Romania’s public administration. Also, the paper shows several models of best practices with varying levels of digitalization observed within public administration and public services at the European Union (EU) level, as a possible direction that Romanian policy makers can adopt, considering the current level of digitalization and the competitiveness environment al EU level when it comes to the future of IT&C. The paper concludes that countries that had a forward-looking perspective and adopted digitalization measures for public administration in the past will now use the Recovery and Resilience Funds to develop Internet 4.0 elements to solve problems and compute data, as a way of revolutionizing how governments operate and serve their citizens.

Purpose. The purpose of the research is to determine the degree of implementation of specific regional policies in rural areas in the context of Bulgaria’s integration into the European Union through the prospects of the changing economic situation and new trends in the implementation of regional policy. Methodology / approach. The focus of the research is the need for a working regional policy that gives importance to the development of rural areas and influences the demographic and socio-economic processes in Bulgaria. The study is defined by comparative analysis, reference to expert assessment, use of statistical data, and analysis of strategic documents and programs related to regional development. Results. This research has shown that the applied regional development policies within the European Union have partial success. At the same time, the problems and emerging deficits are successfully defined, but it is more difficult to find optimal solutions that can be applied in more than one municipality. In this direction, regional policy has its achievements in its development, but new solutions are still being sought for several spatial and territorial problems in connection with integration into a common European market. This means a comprehensive process of functional impacts in the socio-economic development of nearly 281 regions. In Bulgaria, the situation is even more complicated, because it is necessary to have a dual approach in regional politics. On the one hand, the development of the most urbanised regions, and on the other hand, the development of the rural areas, which are decisive for the development of the greater part of the territory of Bulgaria. Originality / scientific novelty. The regional development policy carried out in the years after 2007 has a static and spontaneous character, the new approach of the measures and programs after 2023 are based on new concepts and elements in line with information technologies, development of intelligent systems, economic connectivity to overcome the backward development of rural areas. New approaches and moments are proposed in the construction of a regional policy, which has a new framework and provisions for the development of the European economic space. In this direction, the need for expert decisions related to the management of regional development comes to the fore. Practical value / implications. It is necessary to make regional development a national priority. In addition, governments should facilitate access to young people and medium-sized businesses for the use of inputs and the promotion of projects. Access to financing, strategic, and planning activities, which have their characteristics at different levels, must be further developed.

The concept of corporate transparency in the business world is becoming a “new philosophy” in the system of communication interaction between business and stakeholders; at the same time, the most effective channel for an open dialogue is the reporting of economic entities. The demand of modern users has shifted towards the valueand risk-oriented nature of information disclosure and the possibility of using interactive tools for navigation and data visualization. Understanding this leads the professional community to an active search for new solutions to create an optimal model of public reporting and the very architecture of information support for companies. The purpose of the study is to develop an integrated concept of accounting and corporate reporting based on the principles of information transparency, ecosystem, connectivity, and manufacturability. In the course of the work, the methods of deduction and induction, logical and structural analysis, empirical research, content analysis, comparison and grouping were used. The article presents a comprehensive review of the developments of Russian and foreign scientists in the field of corporate reporting and highlights the key areas of its development. The author has studied the methodological, organizational and technological aspects of creating a modern architecture for information support of the activities of economic entities within the framework of the concept of a single corporate reporting format as an element of the business information ecosystem. As a result, a model of a complexly structured level of disclosure of reporting data was proposed by the author in the form of a single, unified digital information and analytical platform built on the principles of differentiation of approaches to disclosure, typification of the level of information transparency and definition of indicators that should be reflected in the reporting. The system of mandatory and voluntarily disclosed reporting forms has been formulated, representing the modern information outline of economic entities, systemically interconnected, linked and integrated with each other in the format of a single, unified corporate reporting. The study may be of interest to national regulators, scientific, professional and business communities.

Blockchain is considered one of the most significant technological advances integrated into the Business Process Management (BPM) systems of various organizations over the past decade. The introduction of blockchain technologies is changing the way traditional supply chains are managed. In this sense, blockchain technologies have the potential to revolutionize complex supply chains in stability, traceability, and accountability. Since Blockchain technology has fostered the development of trust between many different parties, not just leaders and followers, it is assumed that Blockchain will give its adapters revolutionary characteristics. Upon a systematic bibliometric review that determined the impact of introducing Blockchain technology into the BPM, on the basis of previous research and scientific papers published in academic journals, it was found that most of the studies highlight the significance of Blockchain and its impact on the supply chain and financial sectors. However, this article aims to identify new characteristics of Blockchain’s impact on the BPM in various other sectors, especially in the telecommunications, non-governmental organizations, industrial, and banking sectors. The statistical analysis of the collected data examines the intermediate variables of the introduction of Blockchain technology (trust, immutability, transparency, and cost reduction) and its impact on increasing sustainability (economic, ecological, and social resilience) as a dependent variable. As a result of the study, the authors concluded that Blockchain has the potential to enhance the revolutionary characteristics of trust, immutability, cost reduction, and reliability in a business process model, accelerating the path to achieving sustainable development.

Introduction: Green Airport is an airport development concept designed to be healthy. Excess levels of carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide (CO2) in the room can cause discomfort in the form of headache, nausea, vomiting, vertigo, and feeling confused and weak. This study aimed to determine the implementation of CO and CO2 control in rooms to achieve a green airport at Banyuwangi Airport. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive study, the obtained data were compared with related regulations. The physical and chemical quality of indoor air was measured at 85 points in three main rooms at risk using CO and CO2 detectors. Control was done through observing and measuring ventilation and detection systems in the entire occupied space. Results: The measurement results of CO and CO2 levels have met the specified threshold value below 29 ppm for CO and 5000 ppm for CO2. Physical quality measurements have not met the requirements for indoor temperature above 27.1°C and humidity above 60%. The assessment of ventilation aspects in the domestic terminal building of Banyuwangi Airport was achieved based on SNI 03-6572-2001 received 29 rooms or 74.3% of the rooms, 10 rooms that do not fit the ventilation system are toilet. Conclusion: The results of the assessment conducted show that there are still aspects that are not in accordance with the provisions of green buildings.

The realization of sustainable development and sustainable development goals achievement are essential. Hence, the power sector digitalization is imminent. This bibliometric and mapping study aims to explore the use of artificial intelligence in smart grids and how the topic has evolved over the years. In total, ten research questions are set to be explored. The analysis includes 1,926 articles that were identified and retrieved from Scopus and Web of Science (WoS) over the period 2005 to 2022. The analysis includes the descriptive statistics of the related studies and the annual scientific production, the identification of the most relevant and impactful authors, articles, outlets, affiliations, and countries, and the examination of the most commonly used keywords. The most popular topics and the advancement of the research focus are also explored. The study examines the results, discusses the main findings, presents open issues, and suggests new research directions. The significant role of artificial intelligence in the realization of smart grids and the digitalization of the power sector to enable sustainable development and the achievement of sustainable development goals was evident.

The prevailing assumption was that the phenomenon of globalisation would yield equitable benefits for all nations. Nevertheless, it has become evident that the benefits of globalisation norms are predominantly enjoyed by affluent nations. Although the concept of globalisation was initially intended to enhance the agency of developing nations, it has instead resulted in the erosion of their autonomy to independently determine their course of action. The democratic process has been impacted by the loss of decision-making power experienced by emerging countries as a consequence of globalisation. The rules governing globalisation were inequitably formulated to provide preferential treatment to developed nations. Contrary to prevailing popular opinion, the impact of globalisation on both developing and affluent nations has exhibited disparities. The questioning of norms governing globalisation has emerged as a consequence of the phenomenon of globalisation. This process further exacerbated the existing division between the global north and global south, leading to a heightened level of separation between these two regions. International financial institutions based in Washington disregarded the objections raised by developing nations and formulated a strategy aimed at mitigating the disparity in wealth. The ideology of privatisation and the free market is commonly referred to as the Washington consensus. The concept of state non-intervention proved to be disappointing as it primarily served the interests of the international organisations involved, thereby failing to benefit other stakeholders. Hence, it is imperative to formulate a development strategy that encompasses principles of equity, justice, and long-term sustainability. The existing understanding of sustainable development and the approach to attaining justice through sustainability necessitate a reevaluation in order to accomplish similar objectives. The authors of this research endeavor to investigate the extent to which the current development agenda is sufficiently comprehensive to address the shortcomings of past attempts to reconcile globalisation with development. This study aims to examine the response of the global community to the phenomenon of globalisation through the implementation of the Development Agenda. This paper examines the influence of globalisation on the policy-making processes of developing nations. Finally, the authors proceed to analyse the concepts of justice, growth, and sustainability.

The article is devoted to the analysis of prospects for the development of education from the point of view of educology and futurology. The author emphasizes that the idea of the future has gone from science fiction to modern expectations and assumptions based on interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary approaches, which allow scientists to understand the role of the future in the everyday life of humanity, in particular, to connect thinking with temporality, memory and modern technologies. The article examines the key competencies of future education, which are important for sustainable development both in the European, North and South American, Asian educational space, as well as for some specific regions of the world. Particular attention is paid to the differences in the concepts of competences corresponding to different circumstances in different regions of the world. On this basis, the article characterizes competences that are oriented towards the future and that must be developed in the educational process of university training: competence in anticipatory thinking; competence in interdisciplinary research; competence in cosmopolitan perception of changes and perspectives; competence in working with incomplete and complex information; competence in cooperation; competence in individual decision-making; competence in self-motivation and motivation of others; competence in thinking about individual and cultural patterns; competence in independent actions; competence in ethical actions; capacity for empathy and solidarity. The author focuses on those competencies recognized by all scientists regardless of the region of the world - this is the development of systematic, anticipatory and critical thinking. Key competencies have different relevance and meaning in different contexts and regions. Against this background, it becomes clear that universities must take into account certain differences when thinking about what key competencies students should develop in the educational process of higher education. Today, researchers of the future are trying to change the subjective thinking in the social sciences, humanities to an interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary approach, which are devoid of ideological, religious, racial or ethnic doctrines. This especially applies to the educational sphere, in which it is necessary to overcome the separation of information in individual disciplines, which hinders the formation of a holistic imagination regarding the development of society, its structure, mechanisms of activity, etc.

Editorial.

Background: South African district municipalities supply, inter alia, basic social goods in order to realise socio-economic rights and promote sustainable development in their local communities. This requires adequate funding, which may be in the form of own generated revenue and intergovernmental transfers. However, despite legislated functions, many district municipalities are regarded as financially distressed and unable to deliver on their constitutional mandates. Aim: This study sought to develop a sustainable differentiated funding model for district municipalities that will enable them to deliver on their constitutional mandates. Methods: This empirical study followed a positivist paradigm and used questionnaires to solicit the views of selected municipal officials from all district municipalities on the efficacy of the current funding model against the key principles that underpin a successful funding framework for South African municipalities. Results: The results of this study indicated that the funding district municipalities receive and generate is not in line with their constitutional mandates, which in turn, negatively affects their financial condition. Thus, there is a necessity to reconstruct the current funding model. Conclusion: This study recommends a clear specification of C1 and C2 district municipal powers and functions, and that the current funding model change from applying a blanket approach and rather consider the different geographical areas and circumstances for C1 and C2 district municipalities. Contribution: This empirical study contributes to the broader body of scientific knowledge on the local government financial governance by addressing the funding model for South African district municipalities in a practical manner.

The aim of the study is to present the link between organic farming and sustainable consumption in the light of the European Green Deal strategy (EGD). The article discusses whether the increase in the supply of organic food and the solutions proposed in the strategy will contribute to the spread of sustainable consumption. The article was prepared based on a critical analysis of the literature based on available statistical data, strategic documents, and scientific studies. The paper uses desk research and secondary data from Eurostat, FAOStat, and IFOAM for European Union countries (EU) between 2014 and 2020. It has been found that the implementation of the principles of sustainable consumption through organic farming requires action to increase consumers' confidence in organic food products. The credibility of organic farming must be built at every stage of the supply chain. From the perspective of achieving the principles of sustainable consumption and production through the development of organic farming, it is important to ensure a reliable certification system at every stage of the supply chain and labeling that takes into account detailed information about the product. Public procurement, which could generate sustainable demand for organic food products, is the development opportunity for organic farming. The analysis showed that the actions and tools identified in the European Green Deal strategy, within the framework of the three main priorities, appear to be legitimate and crucial for the development of organic agriculture and market for organic food products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Autumn School 2022/23 – “Balanced Sustainability in a Changing World” was a four)month school organized by the Federation of German Scientists and the Institute of Medical Psychology of the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. The objective of the Autumn School was the scientific and transdisciplinary exchange between young scientists and experts. The central focus was on questions relating to sustainable development, from a scientific, economic and social perspective: be it societal or quite individual. In international cooperation, practical solutions were developed that reflect the scientific backgrounds and individual perspectives of the participants and provide concrete ideas for sustainable development in different areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Project sustainability is a concern for community development practitioners. An aspect of community development is sustainability which implies that benefits derived from executed projects are maintained and continue as long as the project exists. The strong commitment of the local people, leadership and other local resources are needed to resuscitate executed projects in the community. This study explores strategies for promoting the sustainability of community development projects in Southeast Nigeria.The study adopted cluster and purposive sampling techniques. A total of eight communities from four Local Government Areas (LGAs) from two states in Southeast Nigeria were sampled for the study. The Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) and in-depth interviews (IDIs) served as data collection instruments. The study sample size comprised 88 participants. The information produced for the research was analyzed thematically.Findings showed that while the numerous community development projects in the study areas can account for some developmental interest, they also created opportunities for neglect. To promote the sustainability of community development projects, a holistic approach is crucial and interventions must be indigenous and people-oriented. Also, social workers need to create dialogue forums with community members to help attain the goal of project sustainability.

This study analyses the current scenario with COVID-19 affecting the international and Thai space law, and its impacts and corresponding repercussions upon the Thai economy, ASEAN region and then at international level. The methodology adopted for this study is a mixed method with qualitative research tools collected from key informant interviews and focus group discussions. The data analysis involves the Strength, Weakness, Opportunity, and Threat (SWOT) analysis, which has been integrated with Hierarchical Thematic areas to provide the supporting model for wholesome recommendations through analyzing the findings from the research. The key respondents involved several government officials associated with Thai space agencies and departments, along with judges, lawyers, researchers, academicians, non-government organizations (NGO) officials, and law students. The findings provided the need for adoption of Treaty leading to the creation of a space organization which would be accountable towards setting up a legal framework for commencement of space mining operations. The international space tribunal is to be created under this international space organization to resolve any disputes arising out of space mining. The overall implications of this research would lead to the sharing of the benefits of space mining with both developed and developing countries to enhance sustainable development for all mankind. Doi: 10.28991/ESJ-2023-SPER-09 Full Text: PDF

This article examined how the education system was impacted by the Cyclone ldai disaster in eastern Chimanimani District in 2019. In addition, this article discoursed the enrolment trends, pass rate patterns and general quality of education over the 2018–2019 study period. It assessed local and stakeholders’ initiatives towards building a disaster-resilient education system. A mixed-methods approach integrated both quantitative and qualitative techniques to obtain in-depth narratives of lived experiences and quantitative aspects. A chi-square test provided sufficient ground to conclude that there were significant dropout patterns at a 95% confidence level. A paired t-test for the years 2018 (M = 64.59; SD = 12.61) and 2019 (M = 62; SD = 15.32) showed no significant difference (t [11] = 0.817, p = 0.432) at a 95% confidence interval. Concerted efforts are needed to avert the native pattern of school enrolment and academic results reflected in the study. Contribution: We therefore recommend that a holistic integrative disaster resilience framework between school, community and stakeholders showed great potential for the future.

Sustainable development has been pursued by organizations around the world ever since environmental and social issues were introduced into institutional agendas. In the various sectors of the economy, the factors that influence sustainable decisions are multidisciplinary and systemic, and address the concept of Circular Economy (CE). This study aimed to develop a method to measure the level of commitment of companies and sectors to CE. The method allows investigating institutional factors associated with sustainable development and assessing the depth of CE practices. A circularity index is originated that can assist decision makers in the development of specific strategies, investment plans, and policies to guide organizations towards the achievement of a CE. The proposed method was then applied to 75 Brazilian companies recognized for their sustainability initiatives, analyzing practices associated with CE actions, as well as their depth. The results, using the Analytic Hierarchical Process (AHP), indicate that the sectors analyzed do not have a significant difference among them and that the majority of the companies analyzed (80%) do not practice any circular action despite claiming the opposite. Therefore, CE is still incipient in Brazil. The application of the proposed method to a large sample showed its potential for global use, and that it can also be employed to guide actions of single companies or entire sectors towards sustainable development using a CE path.

There is a renewal of interest in the role of indigenous knowledge for marginalized societies after a long period of disregard for its contribution to sustainable development and educational relevance. The attention being given to indigenous knowledge is apparent inthe role that it plays in human and animal health care, the use and management of natural resources, education, poverty alleviation, and community resilience and livelihoods. Recognizing and considering indigenous knowledge in development planning can also be viewed as a response to a given community's quest for the right of self-determination and the preservation of cultural identities. Research is generating more and more data showing the relevance of indigenous knowledge for the sustainable development of the pastoralist community. This article attemptedto review and advocate the need to harness indigenous knowledge in the education system of the pastoralist community in Ethiopia. The study’s methodology wasa qualitative document review with critical reflections in view of understanding the role of indigenous knowledge for pastoralist development and the need to integrate it into the pastoralist education curriculum in Ethiopia. I concluded that if indigenous knowledge is to play its part in effecting sustainable development, there is a need for the systematic harnessing of informal and non-formal educational programs of the pastoralist community in Ethiopia.

Through local wisdom, indigenous peoples in Indonesia could survive the various water resource crises they face. This study aims to investigate the relationship between local wisdom and sustainable water resource management, as well as challenges to the existence of the local wisdom in managing water resources. This study implements normative legal research method, with a normative juridical approach. Data are collected from Law Number 32 of 2009 concerning Environmental Protection and Management (UUPPLH) and Law Number 17 of 2019 concerning Water Resources. The data are analyzed in a qualitative juridical manner. The results of the study conclude that UUPPLH and customary law have the same goal in providing protection for environmental management. Environmental issues should be addressed integrally, comprehensively, and holistically, so that technical aspects of operations, regulations, institutions, financing, and community participation are needed. In addition, preventive efforts are carried out through regional regulations as an elaboration and explanation of statutory regulations by taking into account the characteristics of each region; while repressive efforts in the context of enforcing environmental law require serious efforts by involving all law enforcement officers.

Orientation: This article drew from an interpretivist research orientation. Research purpose: This study aimed at contextualising domestic tourism as a strategic tool with which the tourism sector can recover from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in South Africa. Motivation for the study: The impact of COVID-19 on the economy, and tourism in particular, has been devastating in South Africa. Given the historical overreliance on international tourism receipts, the importance of domestic tourism was highlighted during the reduced lockdown levels. This study was therefore motivated by the potential of this market to offset some of the losses to international tourism in times of uncertainty. Research design, approach and method: This study involved a qualitative research design where in-depth, semistructured interviews were conducted with purposefully selected key resource stakeholders (n = 20) in domestic tourism. These interviews were recorded, transcribed verbatim and thematically analysed. Main findings: The study found that the stakeholders were satisfied with how the government initially dealt with the pandemic, although they were very critical of the lack of communication. Additionally, they noted that domestic tourism is an important springboard for recovery in the country but only if effective collaboration between the private and public sectors is enhanced. Practical/managerial implications: Recommendations are made for more communication amongst stakeholders, which in turn will result in better collaborations and ultimately achieving effective use of domestic tourism as a cornerstone for further development and recovery. Contribution/value-add: This study makes a modest contribution to tourism research, especially in the face of external shocks such as that of the COVID-19 pandemic.

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The implementation of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) often lacks in human rights perspective, although the goals themselves were created based on the human rights principles. However, further studies in development and international human rights law show that it is essential to highlight that particular relationship. As a member of the international community, states have an extraterritorial obligation to assist one another in developing and fulfilling the human rights of their people. Particularly in the field of freedom of religion or belief and gender equality, which creates a domino effect on other women's rights such as access to justice and education. Although SDG 2030 has expressed its commitment to respect, protect, and promote fundamental freedoms, including one's religion, and to achieve gender equality, the antagonistic construction between those two issues possibly harm the women’s rights movement and does not adhere to the “no one left behind” principle. The lack of recognition between those issues would be damaging and could be deemed a failure to achieve the sustainable development goals. This research was conducted through a qualitative legal analysis by analysing relevant literary sources to understand the hidden link between freedom of religion or belief and gender equality within the sustainable development agenda. Clarity of these complex elements can be beneficial in creating a tool in advocating for women’s rights, especially for those who belong to religious and belief minorities.

Introduction: Currently, the projects related to the development of identical historical environments in Siberia, Russia, are predominately inconsistent. Yet there is an opportunity to find a more holistic approach to sustaining local heritage, which could address local cultures and identities through an understanding of how the location, as well as specific spatial and architectural practices, evolve. Purpose of the study: The study aimed to establish a theoretical and methodological framework for sustaining the local identity in architectural terms. Methods: According to the methodological recommendations of Groat and Wang, such methods as critical literature review and logical argumentation were used. Results: The research came to the conclusion that the city identity can be unfolded through two or more congruent layers of existence. This study deals with architectural heritage and society as two types of such layers. It suggests that the local identities of historical environments could be sustained by a combination of the following methods: 1) looking to the past, through analyzing the city’s fabric and searching for “social traces” and semiotic meanings; 2) looking to the future, through using participatory design methods. This methodology should be further tested on specific historical environments in Siberia. The critical literature review will provide researchers and practitioners in the field with a fundamental theoretical framework.

This article strives to explore the need of digitalization of indigenous knowledge for socio economic development and its effective management. The best use of natural resources is aided by the indigenous practices providing invaluable knowledge. In these modern days of technological advancement, it is seen that this knowledge is often being ignored. Naturally rich countries like Nepal, which holds innumerable counts of Indigenous practices, no any considerable efforts have been seen to understand the scientific basis of this knowledge. Studies have shown that most of the world’s natural resources, along with digitally born resources have been vanished and due to neglectism, some cannot even be recovered. So, in order to provide long term preservation and global access to Indigenous Knowledge, digitalization can be viewed as a remarkable tool. The introduction of new technology and communication channels are changing the way how we gain knowledge. Many of us are considered to be living in a digital age, this era however is having an effect on cultural/traditional/indigenous knowledge and create new challenges for indigenous communities. Documentation and digitalization of Indigenous knowledge should be included in the curricula of environment and sustainable development as a cross-cutting issue.

In the process of creating a national system of strategic planning and within the framework of normative economics, the scenario approach provides opportunities for constructing goals and directions of socio-economic territories development. Being a planning tool the scenario approach allows forming the directions of regional development. These processes take particular relevance for the regions of our country that are the parts of the Arctic zone, especially in increased interest and attention to these territories resources from other external agents. The main aim of this paper is to elaborate development scenarios for the regions, which are fully or partially included in the Arctic zone and the White Sea catchment area. Based on the dynamics analysis of the main macroeconomic indicators and development trends for 1990–2019, the dependence of indicators for forecasting socio-environmental and economic development of these regions, was built. We applied scenario approach to describe possible development scenarios of Arctic regions in the White Sea catchment area. The novelty of the work is the construction of matrix of development scenarios of the Arctic regions, united by belonging to the White Sea catchment area. The analysis results of macroeconomic indicators for three elements of sustainable development show that the regions have rather weak economic development, stagnation of social indicators and difficult environmental situation. We outlined the problems constraining the development of Arctic regions in the White Sea catchment area and the directions to their solutions. To reach the trajectory of sustainable development is possible under condition of coordination and implementation of the measures taken by the state and regional authorities. This scenario of development strategy according to the innovation trajectory will allow to consolidate activity of federal, regional and municipal authorities of these territories. The integrated development program of the Arctic regions in the White Sea catchment area can be a coordinating platform.

Purpose. The purpose of the article is to reveal the specifics of the activities of global financial institutions as legal entities under international public law, important components of the global financial architecture and agents of unshadowing of the world economy using the sample of the Financial Action Task Force (FATF). The postulate of the work defines the leading importance of the institutional mechanism of unshadowing of the global economy for the development and implementation by countries of the unshadowing toolkit in a combination of economic and legal components as a factor of sustainable development. Results. It was found that the continued expansion of the shadow segment of the global economy actualizes the expediency of researching patterns and features of the processes that cause and accompany it. The global financial architecture is undergoing transformations adapting to the challenges of the shadowing of the world economy, including 1) the implementation of shadow economic transactions by business entities, 2) the deformation of the competitive environment and capitalist market institutions, 3) the distortion of business activity models, 4) the degradation of people's economic behaviour, as consumers and employees, and 5) aggravation of the global environmental problem. The classification of subjects of the unshadowing of the world financial sphere, which play a key role in its architecture, including their division by types 1) international universal organizations, 2) international financial organizations and 3) international specialized institutions, has been carried out. The structure-forming role of normative documents, which determine both the goal-setting and general quantitative characteristics of the environment of financial institutions, as well as the peculiarities of the development and implementation of activities for the unshadowing of economic relations and systems, has been revealed. All countries are only on the way towards effective economic models and sound global financial ecosystem. Scientific novelty. A new model of the institutional matrix of the global financial ecosystem is proposed, including the green economy and sustainable development components. The peculiarities of FATF in the global financial architecture and processes of unshadowing of business activities are revealed. Practical value. The obtained results can be used in the improvement of the national policy of countering the shadowing of business activities, reducing the environmental problem, as well as increasing the effectiveness of international economic relations in this area.

Introduction: Over the past quarter of a century, the issue of urban development within regional settlement systems has not been a priority for most policy-makers and professionals. Much more attention has been focused on the issues arising from the expansion of major metropolises: Moscow, St. Petersburg, Yekaterinburg, Kazan, and several others (seven in total). In the meanwhile, the urban development of unique natural landscapes in other regions has been progressing on its own, without major supervision or proper attention from the professional community. For instance, the pristine land along Lake Baikal has undergone urban development without proper planning documentation; vast areas in the Irkutsk Region have been sold off for logging; and the Altai Territory and the Republic of Altai are seeing intensive development of unplanned recreation hubs. Purpose of the study: The study is aimed to create an urban planning model for unique natural landscapes. Methods: We used such methods as multi-factor analysis, photographic footage, opinion poll, and graphical modeling. Results: Out study results in an original model that illustrates the optimal location of new recreation hubs, mindful of preserving the unique environmental qualities of the natural landscape.

Concerns regarding the development of environmental accounting have been around for decades. This work is an update to some of the previous questions around the development of ecological accounting to see how this has changed over the last two decades. Specific findings from the paper analysis include ecological management accounting, “cost of decommissioning” (IAS 37) requires a fundamental change to organization management, different values exploring relationships such as corporate governance, inclusive of the living and physical world, with a longer time horizon, and a centrality of external factors. Environmental accounting is a more commonly used synonym for ecological accounting, though this term is distinct and does not cover many of the ecological challenges. In terms of corporate governance, the board of directors (BoDs) is the main responsible structure in meeting and safeguarding both shareholders and stakeholders’ interests. Integrated reporting’s primary aim is to improve information quality provided to shareholders while responding to stakeholders’ interests and needs. Using lenses of stakeholder theory, this study explores the relationship between board of directors’ characteristics as size, gender diversity, Return on Decommissioning Asset, outside directors, number of executive committee and, using a self-constructed Performance Disclosure Index. Applying a content analysis method, data were collected from integrated reports to determine the self-constructed disclosure index. Through quantitative analysis, we analyzed which BoDs’ characteristics are correlated to disclosure index. The analyzed sample was formed of 100 integrated reports produced by 27 European members states, published on the website for the period 2016–2020. The current study contributes to existing knowledge by exploring the voluntary adoption of integrated reporting using quantitative analysis and focusing on the European context. The obtained results highlight that integrated report alignment levels is directly correlated with the proportion of outside directors on the board and Return on Decommissioning Asset.

The modern concept of smart city rose from a relatively ambiguous term dealing with the future of urban areas to one of the most popular contemporary fields of research. Tackling a considerable range of topics from digitalization, citizen involvement, sustainability or governance, it managed to rapidly attract both academics and policy-makers. This study reviews the research papers published on the smart city concept with application to the European Union, and especially to the new member states from Central and Eastern Europe. The results indicate many common features of smart cities in the EU, but also some peculiarities of CEE in this regard, many deriving from their socialist inheritance. Meanwhile, it can be noticed the rather incipient status of smart cities approaches, the insufficient resources allocated by local authorities, which rely extensively on EU funding, the lack of awareness from citizens and the lack of a comprehensive and structured strategic approach. In order to tackle the abovementioned issues, our paper suggests a series of measures and directions for policy-makers, local administrations and business environment.

100 years have passed (taking into account the number of days in the lunar month) since the col-lapse of the largest companies stocks on world exchanges marked the beginning of the Great Depression (1929-1933). Stock markets are a kind of litmus paper showing changes in the world. The events of those years revealed the inability of the market to maintain a political economic equilibrium in the long run and the inevitability of world cyclical crises. The beginning of a new cycle is evidenced by the events of the beginning of 2020 in global stock markets.The reason for the beginning of the modern world crisis was COVID-19, which erupted at the end of 2019 in China and spread throughout the world, connected by the threads of global population mobility. But that is not the reason.The purpose of the study is to identify the prerequisites, causes and consequences of the modern global cyclic transition. The main reason lies in the escalating contradictions that hinder the implementation of the new technologies achievements born by the information revolution in the end of 20th century.The methodological basis of the study is the main provisions of the scientific heritage and evolutionary changes in the theory of cyclicality and crises; observation, unity of historical and logical, comparison and extrapolation methods used.The results of the study can be traced in the following. Dynamic economic equilibrium is determined by the balance of the resource support system: informational, social, environmental, spiritual, material. Disturbances in the system are manifested in cyclical recessions. In this aspect, Kazakhstan remains among the most vulnerable countries, due to a number of objective and subjective factors.

The objective of the research was to identify recent studies which have shown that previous climate changes are not comparable to the current global warming. The magnitude of these changes we all feel nowadays, and the effects most of the time with significant damage to both people and the environment, have reached a significant increase. It is well known that the rural environment is the area where food is produced, and that is why it is necessary not to postpone at all, the protective measures against the effects of global warming. Protecting air, water and soil resources against pollution and degradation must be the number one priority for sustainable rural development. The study area, namely Aghiresu area, is located in Cluj County, Transylvania, Romania, and it is known for its preponderant activity in agriculture and mining. It brings into attention, the situation of several limestone fields where the groundwater is strongly affected by the underground galleries. The principles of sustainable development especially of the rural environment, now more than ever, must take into account the quality of life, which depends on the protection of the environment and the existing resources.

The article deals with the mechanism of monitoring and forecasting of emergencies in Ukraine. It is established that the improvement of the mechanism of monitoring and forecasting of dangerous phenomena and events is defined by the Concept of development of the security and defense sector of Ukraine, approved by Presidential Decree No. 92/2016 of March 14, 2016 “On the Concept of development of the security and defense sector of Ukraine”. It is determined that to solve the problem it is necessary to create an effective tool for control over hazardous processes, to obtain monitoring information, to predict risks of occurrence of dangerous events and emergencies, and to support management decisions - subsystems of the general mechanism. As a result of the conducted researches it is established that today there are over one hundred different methods and methods of forecasting, the most actively of which are used: modeling; expert assessments; extrapolation. Each of them has both advantages and disadvantages. Therefore, experts are guided by the genetic nature of the projected phenomenon, the factors of influence, the reliability of the input information, and so on. An important method of forecasting environmental development is exponential smoothing. According to it, each element of the time series is smoothed by the weighted average current, and its weight decreases as the distance from the end of the series. The main advantage of this method is its greater adaptability and sensitivity when entering new data for forecasting. On the basis of the conducted research, separate indices are foreseen for Ukraine as a whole. In the long term, this approach can be applied regionally by individual components, taking into account territorial differences and offsetting their impact on forecasting results.

In this research, there will be analyzed the importance of food security for the Romania's agriculture and Romanian economy. For Romania, the agriculture it is one of the most important sectors - a powerful engine of economic development, given the particular potential of our country's agriculture. Sustainable development of the national economy in the next decade can be achieved only by making maximum use of agriculture, the right balance for agriculture prices for all commodities – price volatility, food processing and distribution system. Food security depends on giving the people the proper nutritious and healthy goods that enable them to develop social, political and economic activities.

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Today's world is facing a serious challenge of high carbon emissions. A large number of studies are examining the deteriorating impact of carbon emissions at the country or firm level, but the literature on the voluntary carbon disclosure project (CDP) by cities is not rich. Therefore, this study seeks to examine the effect of the population (Pop) and gross domestic product (GDP) on carbon emissions of cities by using data of CDP. The dataset refers to a set of numerous cities from around the world, spanning the period from 2012 to 2016. Random effects panel regression and generalized method of moments (GMM), and quantile regressions techniques have been employed to empirically investigate the discussed relationship and to control the potential endogeneity issues, respectively. According to the results, population and GDP are substantial predictors of carbon emissions in sampled cities. Findings show that not only factories contribute to increasing carbon emissions rate, but cities are equally responsible for these emissions as they put no checks on their economic growth and population. The findings are also robust for policy implications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The necessity of increasing the environmental requirements to agri-food products trade with European countries consequently to the critical environmental state is substantiated. It is underlined that the ecological component is a prerequisite for export in accordance with current world and European standards of safety and quality of products. The content of the DCFTA on the common trade policy and strategic issues of fair and open trade, which is consistent with the Sustainable Development Goals, is disclosed. The main elements of trade agreements content, which are related to ecological issues and should be observed by trade partners (like environmental legislation, natural resources trade (timber and fisheries), illegal fauna and flora trade, combating climate change, corporate social responsibility etc.) are determined. It is noted, that, existing in a globalization environment, Ukraine should not ignore the role of agricultural holdings in export of products, since they provide most of the foreign currency into the country. At the same time, it is indicated the predominance of highly specialized production and agricultural resource trade in agroholdings activity. Consequently, ecological measures of agricultural enterprises’ activity (including leading agroholdings) as the main subjects of foreign economic activity were analyzed. Both progressive gains in export of agri-food products relating to ecological requirements (based on the example of key players of the world agricultural market) and negative (caused by non-compliance with conditions of DCFTA) were defined. The perspectives on further ecologization of agribusiness, (such as prioritized by the EU Common Agricultural Policy evolution), were generalized. The purpose of the research paper is justification of the main advantages and practical measures in agricultural enterprises (agroholdings) environmental policy and risks identification for agriculture from non-compliance and violation of environmental management principles under the Ukraine–European Union Association Agreement requirements implementation conditions. The objectives of the study are: identification of both positive and negative features of agriculture economic activities export oriented at EU agribusiness market agribusiness enterprises. The following scientific methods were applied in the research process of: monographic, analytical, statistical, etc.

The article is devoted to the modern issues of pre-school education in Donetsk region. The article presents the statistic information concerning the development of a network of pre-school education institutions in Donetsk region during the military aggression – the general number of institutions in the cities/regions, the number of children involved into pre-school education, the number of pre-school groups with prioritized ways of development, the number of institutions which operate in the so called “grey zone” and the number of children who get pre-school education in the designated institutions under dangerous conditions, staff assistance, etc. The statistical data concerning the language of the educational process in pre-school institutions of the region are separately represented in the article. The article uncovers special features of the organization and topical issues of Donetsk region pre-school education based on regulatory documents and the programme “Donetsk region education in European dimension. 2017‒2020”. The attention is payed to the modern challenges for Donetsk region education; modern educational challenges have been characterized as national-patriotic upbringing, inclusion, implementation of sustainable development and creation of a safe and child-friendly pre-school education institution. The article focuses on bilingual environment of the region and the necessity to pay attention to this specific aspect while organizing educational activities with preschoolers. The information regarding the results of the pre-school education institutions of Donetsk region involved into educational projects has been summarized. The article presents the forms and methods of pursuing the principle of regionality in pre-school education institutions. Some ways of combining the general regional and the regional components in the educational process of pre-school education institutions under conditions of reformations within the system of education have been proposed.

Rice is a staple food for almost four billion people worldwide. Rice plants treated with multifunctional microorganisms may be a strategic way for sustainable improvement of crop grain yield. This work had the objective to study the effect of types and ways of microorganisms application in tropical lowland rice production, evaluated by biomass production and gas exchange. The greenhouse trial was in a completely randomized design, in factorial scheme 7 x 3 + 1, with four replication. Treatments were the combination of seven microorganisms: Bacillus sp. (BRM32109 e BRM32110); Pseudomonas fluorescens (BRM32111); Pseudomonas sp. (BRM32112); Burkholderia pyrrocinia (BRM32113); Serratia sp. (BRM32114) and Trichoderma asperellum pool (UFRA.T06 + UFRA.T09 + UFRA.T12 + UFRA.T52), with three application ways (1. microbiolized seed; 2. microbiolized seed + soil drenched with microorganism at eight and 15 days after sowing (DAS) and 3. microbiolized seed + microorganism spray plant at eight and 15 DAS). Microbiolized seed was the best microorganism way, which allowed highest instantaneous carboxylation efficiency and, biomass production in lowland rice. Rhizobcteria BRM32114, followed by BRM32111, BRM32112 and fungi T. asperellum allowed, an average, improvement of 17% in instantaneous carboxylation efficiency and 20% in dry shoot biomass production of lowland rice compared to the control plants.

The research aims to study the most important factors affecting carbon dioxide emissions Co2, through a model. Explanatory variables were used in the model, which are the average per capita gross domestic product (GDP), the square per capita gross domestic product (GDPSQ), per capita energy consumption (CONS), and the POP population for the period 2000-2017 via using double logarithmic formula which is more suitable for economic, statistical and econometric logic in this type of studies, the results of the research showed that all the explanatory variables were statistically significant at the level of 1% and that the model was significant as a whole according to the statistic F and the value of R² =0.99. Economically, we find that the parameter of the average per capita GDP was 0.46 and it came with a positive signal consistent with the methodology of the Environmental Curve Kuznets ECK, the parameter of per capita energy consumption was 0.04, and it came with a negative sign that contradicts the Kuznets methodology, the reason may belong to the conditions that affected the country after 2003. The research recommended to go to investing in renewable energy, because it is environmentally friendly, such as sun energy, and to reduce the size of the gas in the sectors emitting to it, such as the transport sector, factories, the extraction sector, and manufacturing industries, in order to preserve the integrity of the environment and the plant and animal wealth it contains,to a better environment in Iraq [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The culture of communities living near/in forests indelibly interacts with forest ecosystems, both shaping and adapting to the natural environment. Forest-related cultural dimensions also provide benefits for local economies and social welfare. This study analyses the relationship between local culture and forests of the Tay and the Dao minorities and their contribution to sustainable development in Vo Nhai, a mountainous district in northern Vietnam. The study uses methods of a literature review, participant observation and qualitative interviews with local people. The strong embedded culture with forests that developed over many generations of Tay and Dao people was expressed through their knowledge systems of understanding nature, skills for environmental adaption, health protection and spiritual and recreational activities. The potentials of forest - related culture as a feature of local sustainable development were analysed through contributions in natural resource conservation, economic development and social cohesion. To integrate forest - related culture in sustainable development, some issues need to be better focused on the locality.

Once a very important crop, the cultivation of hemp has seen a significant reduction in Europe for a long time, but it is now subject to direct payments and promotion initiatives. Italy used to be an important producer and exporter of hemp textiles until the Second World War but currently information is lacking regarding the hemp production chain and legislation on the issue is often misunderstood by producers. Moreover, there has been an important development of economic activities connected with hemp, such as the so-called “hemp shops” or “grow shops” and the market of a product called “cannabis light”, the dried inflorescences of industrial hemp. The aim of the study was to investigate 30 Italian hemp farms in order to identify the characteristics of the production chain and the uses of the crop. Some considerations on this sector in the Italian economic and legislative contest are made and an anonymous web survey on the commercial activities associated with hemp (grow shops) was conducted. Most farms are multifunctional, 83% have been set up recently (in the last ten years) and directly as hemp producers. They are run by young entrepreneurs (57% holders under 35) and allow the use of marginal abandoned territories (43% of the farms). The 30 farms cultivate 460 ha of hemp and the extension of the field crops is very variable, from small patches in the mountains of 0,001 ha to more than 100 ha farms in the plains (in particular in Campania region). Almost all the farms use the crop to produce more than one end-product (seeds, flour, decorticated seeds, hemp-beer, seeds for animal nutrition and food oil from seeds, seeds and inflorescences harvested for cosmetic use, herbal use and extraction of active ingredients). In some cases, “technical use” linked to selling of the dry top inflorescences of industrial hemp for smoking was declared and it was found that there has been a significant increase in grow shops in Italy, from 4 in 2002 to more than 700 in 2018. As emerges from the analyses of European and Italian legislation, there is a need for clear regulations and a system of control by regulatory organizations considering the actual criticalities. At the same time, the renewed appeal of this crop derives from the multiple possibilities of use of the plant and from growing consumer demand for eco-compatible and sustainable products.

The development is essentially a constructive effort to make a better life for everyone. Various development theories have been produced to make this happen. In the history of Indonesia, there was a Regent who inherited the developmental thoughts in the next generation. He was Prince Aria Soeria Atmadja or Prince of Mecca, Regent of Sumedang in the period of 1883-1919. He wrote his development ideas in the book “Di Tioeng Memeh Hoedjan”. The purpose of this article is to understand the developmental thoughts of Aria Soeria Atmadja. This research used the qualitative method with more emphasize on the hermeneutic approach, especially using hermeneutical circles. The result shows that the developmental thoughts of Aria Soeria Atmadja expressed in Sundanese with figurative language style because of the colonization. His thoughts were a formulation of his experience when he was in a government bureaucratic official. His developmental thoughts were in line with the Sustainable Development theory that developed in the 1980s and emphasized morality as its basis. He also emphasized the importance of community involvement in the development process

The environmental education of architecture students is a process that prepares them to be competent in creating and transforming of architectonic and urbane spaces, on the bases of an ecological awareness and a sound understanding of the environmental problems of the profession. The article approaches the environmental education of architects as a component of professional development and is aimed at fostering Environmental Professional Competencies (CPA) by means of a training. On the bases of the devise theoretical framework modelling was used to design the environmental professional competency strategy from a comprehensive systemic perspective. The main finding is precisely the afore mentioned strategy.

The pollution generated by cemeteries and their overload are increasingly worrisome issues in current society, and yet there are few studies seeking to discuss and generate solutions in this field to provide better lives to the population. Thus, this research has aimed to develop a new concept of a cremation service called “Mobile Crematorium”, aiming at innovation and an alternative for reducing impacts caused by cemeteries. Hence, a new model of service development was used, jointly with bibliographic research, semi-structured interviews with entrepreneurs and questionnaires answered by the population to collect essential information. Thus, requirements, needs and specifications of the clients and the service were developed, jointly with an analysis, simulation and selection of alternative solutions generated that allowed the creation of the new concept. Finally, the service process was modelled on the “Service Blueprint”, allowing visualization and identification of possible process failures and improvements thereon.