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Background: Physical activity and modes of sport are widely adopted to promote health, wellbeing, behavioural outcomes and educational attainment in young people excluded from education. However, little is known about the physical activity or sports involvement of excluded young people or the role of participation on predictors and outcomes associated with exclusion. Aims: The study aimed to understand (i) how active excluded young people are, (ii) whether predictors of school exclusion are influenced by participation in physical activity or sport and (iii) if physical activity or sports participation moderates the relationship between school exclusion and health, behavioural and educational outcomes. Methods: Millennium Cohort Study Wave 6 data were analysed using linear multiple regression models. Participants were 11,066 young people. Dependent variables were physical activity or sports participation. Independent variables included school exclusion, body composition and physical health, cognitive and educational outcomes, crime, anti‐social and harmful behaviours, mental health and individual demographic predictors. Results: Multiple regression analysis of Millennium Cohort Study Wave 6 data indicates young people excluded from education participate in more (+20.71 ± 9.72, p =.03) minutes of physical activity but less (−22.38 ± 32.52, p =.49) minutes of sport than non‐excluded participants. Physical activity or sport did not influence predictors or outcomes associated with exclusion. Conclusion: Findings indicate young people excluded from education participate in 8% more MVPA, but 13% less sport than peers not excluded from education. These findings highlight concerns related to the provision of school sports and physical education opportunities for young people excluded from education. Moreover, these findings question the role of physical activity or sport as a silver bullet within UK educational policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main objective of this research is to establish a new formulation and mathematical model based on graph theory to create dynamic equations and provide clarity on the fundamental formulation. We have employed graph theory as a new approach to develop a new representation and formulate the vertical dynamics of a motorcycle with four degrees of freedom, including a suspension and tire model. We have outlined the principal procedural steps required to generate the mathematical and dynamic equations. This systematic approach ensures clarity and precision in our formulation process and representation. Subsequently, we implemented the dynamics equations to examine the dynamic behavior of both the sprung and unsprung masses' vertical displacements, while considering the varying conditions of the road profile. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The flow of dense suspension of non-Brownian particles has been considered by various studies affected by their significance in a variety of industries and natural phenomena. In this study, we investigate the effect of polyhedron morphology on shear thickening, shear jamming, and hysteresis characteristics of non-Brownian suspension of acrylate particles. Particles with the same chemical nature and three different shapes of spherical (aspect ratio Γ = 1), elliptical paraboloid (Γ ≈ 1), and boat-shaped (Γ ≈ 3) are fabricated via photopolymerization-based methods. Studied suspensions show the shear-thinning behavior at low shear stresses and shear thickening behavior at the higher range of shear stress. Also, the strength of observed shear thickening is enhanced for the suspensions of polyhedron particles, which can be attributed to the heightened degree of interparticle frictional contacts. Furthermore, it is found that angularity not only shifts the predicted frictionless and frictional jamming packing fractions to lower values but also expands the shear jamming packing fraction range. Finally, a history-dependent hysteresis is observed in all samples due to the different particle spatial structures forming in ascending and descending flow modes. The observed hysteresis loops strongly depend on the volume fraction and diminish near the jamming packing fraction due to the restricted mobility space of particles. In addition, the tumbling of elongated particles also can decrease the hysteresis loop by enhancing viscosity in the ascending flow mode, where the structures are not fully developed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The vaginal natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (vNOTES) approach is being used increasingly in gynecology, but this approach's utility in urogynecology procedures is not well-known. This literature review explores the feasibility and applicability of vNOTES in urogynecology procedures. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted on PubMed® and Google Scholar from 2000 to July 2023, using the MEsH terms vNOTES, Natural Orifice Transluminal Endoscopy, Uterosacral Ligament Suspension, Sacrocolpopexy, Hysteropexy, and Urogynecology. Relevant articles were reviewed for applicability and a comprehensive review was conducted. Results: The most commonly described procedures related to the use of vNOTES in urogynecology were uterosacral ligament suspension, aacrocolpopexy, and hysteropexy. The studies that were found also highlighted the feasibility, safety, and long-term outcomes of the vNOTES approach. Conclusions: The findings suggest that vNOTES can be used safely and effectively for urogynecologic procedures with comparable outcomes to conventional techniques. (J GYNECOL SURG 40:105) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article offers an underexplored resistance strategy to gender norms, based on a feminist and queer reading of the work of French thinker Roland Barthes. Building on Barthes's peculiar conception of what he calls "the Neutral" and revisiting his work in light of feminist and queer scholarship on sexual (in)difference, my main goal is to reshape our understanding of what it means to be gender neutral. In opposition to classical conceptions of neutrality associated with passivity, indifference, and blandness, I show that Barthes's Neutral can be conceived as an active gesture, which alters common systems of meanings and power, including the gender binary. But this conception of the Neutral, I argue, neither refers to a call for an androgynous, queer, or nonbinary gender experience. It does not target gender embodiments but gender regulations—that is, the social enforcement of gender categories (by way, for instance, of administrative forms, single-sex bathrooms, or normalizing attitudes toward others). A gender-neutral arrangement, therefore, refers to an ethical, administrative, social, or spatial relation in which subjects are not assigned based on gender categories. This practice of gender suspension, I show, has two main transformative effects. First, it opens a space of freedom and livability for gender-nonconforming subjects. Second, it contributes to lessening the significance of sexual difference in social life and therefore alleviating its symbolic and normative weight for everyone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An alternative analytical model is proposed for hydrodynamics of incompressible Newtonian fluids with suspended solid particles. Unlike existing single-phase models that do not distinguish the velocity field of suspended particles from the velocity field of host fluid, the present model accounts for the relative shift between the two velocity fields and assumes that its effect can be largely captured by substituting the inertia term of Navier-Stokes equations with the acceleration field of the mass center of the representative unit cell. The proposed model enjoys a relatively concise mathematical formulation. The oscillating flow of a particle-fluid suspension between two flat plates is studied with the present model, and detailed results are presented for Stokes' second flow problem on the oscillating flow of a suspension half-space induced by an oscillating plate with specific examples of dusty gases and nanofluids. Remarkably, leading-order asymptotic expressions derived by the present model, for the effect of suspended particles on the decay index and wavenumber of the velocity field, are shown to be identical to known results derived based on the widely adopted Saffman model for dusty gases. It is hoped that the present work could offer a relatively simplified and yet reasonably accurate model for hydrodynamic problems of particle-fluid suspensions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• States present a wide range of policies addressing suspension and expulsion in ECE subsystems. • Suspension comes in two types, in and out of program, and is often not addressed compared to expulsion. • Data collection is infrequently required for exclusions and definitions can mask incidence. • Parents/families are inconsistently included in the exclusionary discipline process. Exclusion from early care and education (ECE) programs creates employment challenges for families and disrupts learning for children, often differentially impacting children placed at-risk due to income, race, and disability. Federal policy guidance and changes in the Child Care and Development Fund (CCDF) Block Grant requirements are meant to influence states to create policies that will both regulate and prevent disciplinary exclusions, especially suspension and expulsion. We present a national census of states' CCDF plans, center-based child care licensing regulations, and state pre-K policies addressing suspension and expulsion. Using content analysis methodology, we evaluate the presence of key policy components of suspension and expulsion prevention including data collection, parent/family involvement in the process of exclusions, accessing community resources, and the use of developmental information to inform the use of exclusionary discipline. Our results indicate that expulsion and suspension policies vary widely both across states, and within the same state's subsystems. The component found most frequently across all subsystems is an expulsion policy, with noticeable variation in specifying and defining suspension. Our findings also point to a great deal of variance in policy alignment, with pre-K including the most information on expulsion and suspension policies and prevention. As state-level policymakers seek to adopt policies that reduce exclusion in ECE, our findings point to a need to consider the importance of creating policies that protect children, especially those over exposed to exclusionary discipline, and then aligning those components within and across ECE subsystems to promote equitable access to ECE. This is particularly important for low-income families, Black children, children with disabilities, and boys. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights Carbon fiber reinforced thermoplastic composites have such advantages as low density, high strength, high temperature resistance, impact resistance, and good ductility, but due to the density difference between carbon fibers and resin fibers, it is difficult to mix them uniformly. Hence, it is difficult to prepare the composites with the uniform properties. In order to solve this problem, a preparation process based on solid phase mixing of carbon and resin fibers by suspension method is proposed in this paper. The carbon fiber reinforced thermoplastic composites (CFRTPs) can be prepared by dispersing carbon fibers of a certain length (~50 mm) and resin fibers in suspension through ultrasound‐assisted and churn‐combing methods. The effects of carbon fiber length, content and molding process on the mechanical properties of the CFRTPs were studied. The results show that the carbon fiber content and length are the main factors affecting the mechanical properties as well as void ratio of CFRTP. The performance of composites is significantly improved with the increase of carbon fiber length. While the length of carbon fiber is 50 mm and the content is 30 wt%, the prepared CFRTP has the best performance, with the tensile strength of 182.1 MPa, the bending strength of 354.3 MPa, the impact strength of 67.2 KJ·m−2, and the material void ratio of 0.65%. The study shows that the suspension method is feasible for the preparation of the CFRTPs. It is beneficial to improve production efficiency and decrease cost of production for the CFRTPs. Carbon fiber reinforced thermoplastic composites can be prepared by dispersing carbon fibers of a certain length (~50 mm) and resin fibers in suspension through ultrasound‐assisted and churn‐combing methods. Through the cooling‐high pressure molding process, the porosity of CFRTP is reduced and the mechanical properties of CFRTP are improved. The tensile strength, bending strength, and notch‐free impact strength properties of CFRTP are best when the carbon fiber content is 30% and the CF length is 50 mm. The method is characterized by simple process, low cost and high mechanical properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study we describe the electrophoretic deposition of mesoporous bioglass/hydroxyapatite/chitosan coatings on titanium substrate. Electrical conductivity and pH variation of solutions and suspensions using water/ethanol medium with different acetic acid concentrations were investigated. Based on zeta potential quantities and in-situ kinetics of deposition process, optimum amounts of acetic acid were achieved at 0.1 and 5%vol, respectively, for hydroxyapatite (HA) and mesoporous bioglass (MBG) suspensions containing chitosan (CS). Optimized amounts of acetic acid were used to prepare composite suspensions with various bioglass and hydroxyapatite concentrations of 20, 50 and 80%wt along with fixed concentration of CS. In order to tackle the bacterial infection in implant surgeries, MBG loaded with vancomycin as model antibiotic drug was used to prepare composite coatings. Among composite coatings, a sample containing 50%MBG and 50%HA presented maximum drug release with highest rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Clofazimine is recommended as a treatment for tuberculosis in infants. Extemporaneously prepared clofazimine oral suspensions are more appropriate dosage forms for infants than tablets, however no data exist to inform appropriate storage conditions. Aim: To examine the physical and chemical stability of extemporaneously prepared clofazimine oral suspensions and determine appropriate storage conditions. Method: An oral suspension of clofazimine 10 mg/mL was prepared by grinding six 100 mg clofazimine tablets to produce a fine powder. Ora‐Blend SF (sugar free) was added to make a final volume of 60 mL. Six 10 mL aliquots were placed in amber plastic bottles with plastic bottle caps. Three bottles were stored at room temperature, and three bottles were refrigerated at 4°C. Following shaking, a 1 mL sample was taken from each bottle on days 0, 7, 14, 28, and 60. Samples were assayed using the high‐performance liquid chromatography method. The samples were visually examined for colour change and separation at each time point. Stability was defined as the retention of at least 90% of the initial concentration. Ethics approval was not required for this research article as it was a stability study that did not involve human subjects. Results: The clofazimine content remained >94% of the initial concentration throughout the 60‐day period for samples that were kept at room temperature, and slightly <90% (87.4%) for samples that were kept refrigerated at 4°C. No separation or colour change was noted throughout the 60‐day period for both preparations. Conclusion: Extemporaneously prepared suspensions of clofazimine in Ora‐Blend SF were chemically stable for at least 60 days when stored at room temperature. Clofazimine degraded slightly more rapidly at 4°C compared to room temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organisation of a screening programme influences programme resilience to a disruption as COVID-19. Due to COVID-19, the Dutch human papillomavirus–based cervical screening programme was temporarily suspended. Afterwards, multiple measures have been taken to catch-up participation. This study aimed to investigate programme resilience by examining the effect of COVID-19 and programme measures taken on participation in cervical screening. Observational cohort study. Data from the national screening registry and Dutch nationwide pathology databank (Palga) were used on invitations and follow-up in 2018/2019 (pre-COVID) and 2020 (COVID). Sending invitations, reminders and self-sampling kits were suspended from March to July 2020. Main outcome measures include distribution of participant characteristics (age, region and screening history), participation rates by age and region, time between invitation and participation (i.e. response time) and self-sampling use per month. Participation rate was significantly lower in 2020 (49.8%) compared to 2018/19 (56.8%, P < 0.001), in all ages and regions. Compared to 2018/19, participation rates decreased most in women invited from January to March 2020 (−6.7%, −9.1% and −10.4%, respectively). From August, participation rates started to recover (difference between −0.8% and −2.7%). Median response time was longer in February and March (2020: 143 and 173 days; 2018/19: 53 and 55 days) and comparable from July onwards (median difference 0–6 days). Self-sampling use was higher in 2020 (16.3%) compared to 2018/19 (7.6%). The pandemic impacted participation rates in the Dutch cervical screening programme, especially of women invited before the programme pause. Implementation of self-sampling in national cervical screening programmes could increase participation rates and could serve as an alternative screening method in times of exceptional health care circumstances, such as a pandemic. Due to the well-organised programme and measures taken to catch-up participation, the impact of COVID-19 on the screening programme remained small. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this descriptive study was to highlight the experiences of 11 child care providers whose classrooms included preschoolers who engaged in persistent challenging behavior, thus expanding the limited literature on this topic. This qualitative study included two interviews with each provider. The results center around the effect of challenging behavior on the classroom experiences of providers. Findings indicate that children's challenging behavior impacts the physical and social environment, as well as relationships among providers, children, families, and program administrators. Implications for research and practice are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper summarizes some results on algebraic geometry presence in the homotopy theory. For the homotopy group πm(Sn ), denote by πmalg(Sn ) its subset of homotopy classes represented by R-entire rational maps Sm → Sn of spheres. The main result of this paper concerns to the study of π n+k alg(Sn) for k = 0, . . ., 7. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We are motivated by [M. Arkowitz. K. Maruyama. J. Math. Soc. Japan, 66(3):735-743, 2014]: “It would be interesting to compute other Gottlieb groups of Moore spaces such as, for example, Gn+1(M(A, n))” to compute the Gottlieb groups Gn+k(M(Z m +Z2, n)) for k = 1,2 and m ≥1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Laryngoscopy is a procedure that induces hemodynamic alterations as well as increased intracranial pressure (ICP). Many procedures have examined ICP changes with optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) measurements. However, a small number of research has investigated the influence of suspension laryngoscopy on ONSD measurements. The present study has examined the effect of suspension laryngoscopy on ONSD measurements and ICP. Methods: The study included 50 patients, who were scheduled for suspension laryngoscopy. Optic nerve sheath diameter measurements were taken after anesthesia induction (T0), after intubation (T1), when the neck was in hyperextension at the start of the suspension laryngoscopy (T2), when the neck was in hyperextension at the end of the suspension laryngoscopy (T3), and 5 minutes after the suspension was terminated and the neck was brought to the straight position (T4). Results: The mean ONSD measurements were 3.8 ± 0.3 mm in T0, 4.0 ± 0.5 mm in T1, 5.1 ± 0.8 mm in T2, 5.1 ± 0.8 mm in T3 and 4.1 ± 0.5 mm in T4. The T1, T2, T3 and T4 values were considerably higher than the T0 values (p<0.05). There was no statistically significant correlation between suspension laryngoscopy time and ONSD measurements (R: -0.050, p: 0.729 - R: 0.089, p: 0.541). Conclusion: Suspension laryngoscopy causes a significant increase in ONSD measurements. Suspension time, on the other hand, does not lead to a progressive increase. Ending the suspension by straightening the neck at the end of the procedure permits ONSD measurements to approach the baseline values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cationic polyacrylamide (CPAM) solid particle is one of the most commonly used organic polymer flocculants in oilfield wastewater treatment, but it poses some problems, such as a slow dissolution rate and an easy formation into a "fish-eye" in the process of diluting into aqueous solution. However, the current liquid CPAM products also have some problems, such as low effective content, poor storage stability, degradation in a short time, and high preparation costs. In this paper, a CPAM suspension was successfully prepared with 50.00% CPAM fine powder, 46.87% oil phase solvent, 0.63% separating agent, 1.56% emulsifying and dispersing agent, and 0.94% rheology modifier. This suspension has an effective content of 50.00%. It also showed no separation in 7 days of storage at room temperature, no separation in 30 min of centrifugation at a speed of 2000 rpm, and diluted to a 0.40% solution in just 16.00 min. For 1000 NTU of diatomite-simulated wastewater, the optimal turbidity removal rate of the suspension was 99.50%, which was higher than the optimal turbidity removal rate of 98.40% for the inorganic flocculant polymeric aluminum chloride (PAC). For oilfield wastewater, the optimal turbidity removal rate of the CPAM suspension was 35.60%, which was higher than the optimal turbidity removal rate of 28.40% for solid particle CPAM. In a scale-up test, the CPAM suspension achieved a good application effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The hydraulic shock absorber of a certain tractor suspension system is analyzed to determine the influence of the cross-sectional area ratio of the throttling holes of the restoration valve and the compression valve on the vibration damping performance of the whole vehicle, using a new method of machine-hydraulic co-simulation. First, the AMESim model of the hydraulic shock absorber is established, and the Kriging model is used to approximate the parameters of the AMESim hydraulic shock absorber model; the multi-island genetic algorithm and the gradient descent algorithm are used to obtain the three scenarios in which the cross-sectional area ratios of the throttle orifices of the same equivalent damping coefficients are greater than, equal to, or less than one. Then, a co-simulation model of 1/4 vehicle Recurdyn/AMESim and a co-simulation model of the whole vehicle with 162 degrees of freedom were established. The result show that, compared with the traditional method, this machine-hydraulic co-simulation method improves the calculation accuracy, calculation speed, and co-simulation model parameter accuracy. For low-speed conditions, when the throttle orifice area ratio equals 0.32, the minimum vehicle body center acceleration (root mean square value equal to 1.78 m/s2) is achieved. For high-speed driving conditions, when the throttle orifice area ratio is approximately 3.1, the minimum vehicle body center acceleration (root mean square value equal to 3.52 m/s2) is achieved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For the solution of the problem of energy storage, new and more efficient functional electrode materials for electrochemical devices such as supercapacitors and their formation technologies are being developed. In particular, using the method of electrolyte-free electrophoretic codeposition, a composite material of carbon nanotubes (CNTs)/RuO2·xH2O with high specific capacitance and power values can be obtained. In this study, the optimal composition of a 50-mL suspension for electrophoretic deposition (EPD) is determined by sedimentation analysis. It is demonstrated that in the course of the iodoform reaction with acetone, I2 (20 mg) ensures the saturation of particle surfaces with protons and their deposition on the cathode, thus replacing the electrolytes that introduce impurities into the final coating. It is established that the presence of a dispersing agent (5 mg of hydroxypropyl cellulose) is required in the suspension to maintain stability. The possibility of removing hydroxypropyl cellulose during annealing in air at a temperature of about 260°C is studied and confirmed by the methods of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Composite material, processed in this way and obtained from a suspension containing double-walled CNTs and RuO2·xH2O, equal to 2 and 10 mg, respectively, has a capacity of 21.5 and 8.6 mF/cm2 at cyclic sweep rates of 10 and 100 mV/s, respectively. It is established that elevated temperatures and prolonged heat treatment lead to a deterioration in the electrochemical characteristics due to the degradation of RuO2·xH2O and the CNTs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exclusionary school discipline practices have long been used to address challenging behaviours by students. However, a considerable body of research exists to refute that school disciplinary absences lead to improvements in student behaviour. Evidence suggests that exclusionary discipline has negative consequences for individuals, with suspensions and exclusions predicting involvement with the juvenile justice and criminal justice systems, known as the school-to-prison pipeline. Further evidence suggests that school disciplinary absences are disproportionately applied to Black, Indigenous and People of Colour (BIPOC) students and students with disability. We conducted a systematic literature review on alternatives to exclusionary discipline to determine their applicability to a P-6 context in Queensland, Australia. Three main alternative approaches emerged: socio-emotional learning (SEL) programs, the Positive Behaviour Interventions and Supports framework (PBIS), and Restorative Justice Practices (RJP). Limitations around the generalisability of the large body of international research to a Queensland, Australia context exist. The approach with the greatest potential in our specific context is PBIS, and recommendations around avenues for future research are made. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acyclovir has a 10-30 % oral bioavailability with a half-life of 2-3 h. Acyclovir mainly gets solubilized in acidic conditions, and its absorption is found in the upper GIT. The primary aim of this research work was to formulate gastroretentive dosage form of acyclovir that can float on gastric content. The polymer used was sodium alginate, while the floating agent was calcium carbonate. The dependent variables of drug release, floating lag time and viscosity were significantly impacted by sodium alginate and CaCO3 concentrations. To assess the desired release pattern, a dissolution was performed in 0.1 N HCl at 50 rpm. Shear-thinning behaviour, instant gelation, 99.2 % drug release at 12 h, and instant floating ability greater than 12 h in 0.1 N HCl were all observed in the suspension. consequently, a sustained-release floating dosage form for acyclovir, with a duration of 12 h, was successfully developed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current level and origin of hydrocarbons (HCs): aliphatic (AHCs) and polycyclic aromatic (PAHs) were determined (September 2021 and May and September 2022) in suspended particulate matters (SPM) of surface waters (for AHCs, 20 µg/l; for PAHs, 130 ng/l, fluorescent method) and in bottom sediments of the coastal areas of the Caucasian sector of the Black Sea of the Russian Federation. Despite a decrease in the HC concentrations in the surface waters in recent years, the most polluted areas include, as before, Kerch Strait. HC accumulate in the bottom sediments, which leads to an increase in their content in the composition of Corg (for AHCs, up to 14.2% in the Tuapse region and 13.1% in the Novorossiisk region). It has been established that, along with pollution, the HC levels are greatly influenced by natural processes (the productivity of the area and fluid flows from the sedimentary formation). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The design and construction of an energy-storing device utilizing coil spring suspension are the focus of this project. The device's purpose is to collect and hold motion-generated energy from automobiles with coil-spring suspension systems. The energy can then be transferred to a bigger storage system for later use or used for a variety of purposes inside the car, such as lighting or auxiliary systems. A DC generator and a coil spring make up the device, which transforms mechanical energy into electrical energy. The generator generates power when the car travels over a bump or an uneven surface because the coil spring is compressed. After that, the electricity is stored in a capacitor or battery for later use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article traces the role of frames in suspending the self in Lovely Andrea (Japan/Austria/Germany), a video essay by Hito Steyerl presented at Documenta 12 in 2007. A seldom‐analyzed artwork within Steyerl's otherwise widely circulating and discussed oeuvre, Lovely Andrea has itself been framed as belonging to the genre of the self‐portrait, although it certainly isn't straightforwardly autobiographical. In fact, Lovely Andrea calls into question the very notions of "self" and "portrait" by interrogating the conditions of possibility for each, as well as for the combination of the two — the "self‐portrait." This article examines how this tension specifically takes shape in this video essay and argues that Lovely Andrea redefines the filmic genre of the self‐portrait by way of detours, undoing frames of identification via a medium that so fundamentally relies on them, and, beyond, undoing a certain idea of self — as a notion and as a practice. Indeed, Lovely Andrea proposes a Hegelian‐inspired dialectics of selfhood and medium: suspending, undoing, dissolving these notions in telescopic scenes of framing. Moving across frames to discuss their specific function at various points in the film, this article pairs close analyses with a discussion of Steyerl's own references to philosophy (Hegel) and film theory (Harun Farocki) within and peripherally to Lovely Andrea, demonstrating how the bondage practice of self‐suspension so central to this film performs a dialectical coming undone in frames. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thermoreversible colloidal suspensions/gels have attracted recent research attention in the field of biomedical applications. In this study, a novel thermoresponsive particle suspension with thermoreversible gelation properties has been prepared for biomedical application. First, polystyrene (PS) microspheres were synthesized by dispersion polymerization and poly diethyleneglycolmethylmethacrylate (PDEGMA) polymer were synthesized via free radical polymerisation. Then, the new developed thermoresponsive suspensions were prepared via physical adsorption of a thermoresponsive polymer, poly[di (ethylene glycol) methyl methacrylate] (PDEGMA), onto the surface of polystyrene microspheres. PDEGMA acts as a steric stabilizer and induces thermoreversible gelation via chain extending and collapsing below and above its lower critical solution temperature (LCST), respectively. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), 1H NMR spectroscopy, Gel permeation chromatography (GPC), UV-vis spectroscopy, Rheometric measurement were conducted to characterize the prepared particles, polymers and suspensions. SEM images show that monodisperse microspheres with the sizes range 1.5–3.5 μm were prepared. UV-vis measurements demonstrate thermoresponsive properties of PDEGMA. 1H NMR and GPC analysis confirms structural properties of prepared PDEGMA. Tube inversion tests demonstrated that the aqueous suspensions of the particles and polymer exhibited thermoreversible fluid-to-gel transitions. Rheological characterization revealed that the viscoelastic properties of the prepared suspension/gels can be fine tuned. This enables applications of the prepared gels as scaffolds for three-dimensional (3D) cell cultures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hypothesis: The dip coating of suspensions made of monodisperse non-Brownian spherical particles dispersed in a Newtonian fluid leads to different coating regimes depending on the ratio of the particle diameter to the thickness of the film entrained on the substrate. In particular, dilute particles dispersed in the liquid are entrained only above a threshold value of film thickness. In the case of anisotropic particles, in particular fibers, the smallest characteristic dimension will control the entrainment of the particle. Furthermore, it is possible to control the orientation of the anisotropic particles depending on the substrate geometry. In the thick film regime, the Landau-Levich-Derjaguin model remains valid if one account for the change in viscosity. Experiment: To test the hypotheses, we performed dip-coating experiments with dilute suspensions of non-Brownian fibers with different length-to-diameter aspect ratios. We characterize the number of fibers entrained on the surface of the substrate as a function of the withdrawal velocity, allowing us to estimate a threshold capillary number below which all the particles remain in the liquid bath. Besides, we measure the angular distribution of the entrained fibers for two different substrate geometries: flat plates and cylindrical rods. We then measure the film thickness for more concentrated fiber suspensions. Findings: The entrainment of the fibers on a flat plate and a cylindrical rod is primarily controlled by the smaller characteristic length of the fibers: their diameter. At first order, the entrainment threshold scales similarly to that of spherical particles. The length of the fibers only appears to have a minor influence on the entrainment threshold. No preferential alignment is observed for non-Brownian fibers on a flat plate, except for very thin films, whereas the fibers tend to align themselves along the axis of a cylindrical rod for a large enough ratio of the fiber length to the radius of the cylindrical rod. The Landau-Levich-Derjaguin law is recovered for more concentrated suspension by introducing an effective capillary number accounting for the change in viscosity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The real media encountered in oil and gas production are usually dispersed, i.e., they are systems consisting of at least two phases, with one of the phases being distributed into the other. Production, collection and transportation of oil and gas are based on multiphase technology, including the processes of lifting from the reservoir, transportation to separation points, separation and infield transport of multiphase mixtures, which consist of oil, gas, formation water and mechanical impurities. In most technological processes of oil and gas production and transport of hydrocarbons, the separation of dispersed systems is necessary. In practice, the unsuitability of hydrocyclone technology for separating emulsions has been established, although hydrocyclones are effectively used for cleaning suspensions, for separating solid particles from liquids, for example, for cleaning drilling fluids from sludge. Recent studies have established that cylindrical multiphase flows are based on the interaction of continuous and dispersed phases, the driving force of which is an additional shear force directed towards the flow axis. In the paper, according to the multiphase technology, the reason for the low efficiency of hydrocyclones for multiphase disperse systems was analyzed. The condition of equality of the shear and centrifugal forces during the operation of the hydrocyclone is shown. It has been established that, based on the correct choice of technological parameters, it is possible to avoid the negative effect of the shear force in cylindrical flows on the operation of hydrocyclones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heterogeneous slag viscosity measurements have a wide variety of parameters, such as particle size, shape, solid volume fraction, and shear rate, which affect the final measured viscosity. Often, some of these parameters are neglected or predicted via models, since it is experimentally difficult to determine them during high-temperature slag viscosity measurements. In this work, a viscosity apparatus was used, which allows quenching of the sample after measurement. This way, all relevant parameters could be experimentally determined. The viscosities of three datasets were studied with various spinel sizes: small (13 μ m), medium (34 μ m), and large particles (76 μ m). Within each dataset, the composition of the liquid slag matrix was kept constant to uniquely measure the effect of solids. Shear thinning, i.e., a decreasing viscosity with increasing shear rate, was observed for all samples, even at a low vol. % of 1.8. Moreover, stronger shear thinning was observed at a higher vol. % and for smaller spinel particles. On the basis of these results, the phenomenon of shear thinning was discussed and mainly attributed to the particle–particle orientation in the suspension. The obtained viscosity values were used to optimize a Krieger–Dougherty equation, which describes the viscosity increase caused by the presence of a certain vol. % of spinel particles, with a certain size and at a specific shear rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article describes the theoretical and experimental research data on possibility to improve the quality of the end concentrates of float-and-sink, X-ray luminescent, adhesive and froth separation. The method of nitride hardening is proposed for ferrosilicium grain surface with the hardened layer depth in the range of 30–60 nm for reducing ferrosilicium corrosion rate by 2.7 times at the preserved process properties. The necessity of adding the primary float-and-sink flotation circuit with two-stage magnetic separation to decrease the yield of rough concentrates and to improve their quality owing to removal of 29–95% of siderite. The optimized composition of luminophore-bearing modifying agent ensures complete recovery of earlier unrecoverable diamonds in concentrate at the maximum kimberlite yield of 2.5%. The workbench test processing of difficult diamond-bearing raw materials proves the possibility of incremental diamond concentration in adhesive and froth separation (by 14.0% and 12.7%, respectively), and in the cycle of finishing operations in X-ray luminescent separation (by 25.3%) owing to modification of surface properties of diamond crystals using physicochemical methods and energy deposition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An analytical dependence between the dimensionless coefficients of added mass and thermal conductivity was obtained in a suspension of spherical particles. The dependence is confirmed by comparison with the theoretical data of other authors, including at elevated concentrations of dispersed particles, taking into account their hydrodynamic interaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite being based on older technology, passive suspension systems used in passenger cars continue to be preferred due to factors such as cost, lightweight design, simplicity, and efficiency. The technologies of electric and hybrid vehicles are being developed with a direct focus on battery and charging technologies, specifically centered around the parameter of range. While regenerative braking systems can contribute to a minor increase in range, the conversion of the suspension system into a regenerative system can provide even greater contributions to extending the range. In this article, a module has been designed that can obtain regenerative DC (direct current) electrical energy from a motor through the integration of an electromechanical regenerative mechanism, in addition to the passive suspension system. The designed suspension module converts the linear motion into unidirectional rotary motion with mechanical type conversion and speed increase mechanisms and transfers it to a 12V 72W DC motor via a coupling to obtain regenerative DC electrical energy from the motor. ABS 740 High Impact material was preferred for the prototype and production was carried out with a 3D printer. A prototype has been prepared and theoretically examined. This study presents an innovative approach to making vehicle suspension systems more efficient and sustainable, aiming to meet transportation needs with an extended range and improved energy efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the shadowing property of 1-dimensional subsystems for suspension of ℤ k -actions is investigated. The concepts of pseudo orbit and shadowing property of 1-dimensional subsystems for suspension of ℤ k -actions are introduced. It is shown that the shadowing properties of these subsystems and their induced nonautonomous dynamical systems are equivalent. For the suspension ΦT of a smooth ℤ k -action T, we show that ΦT has the shadowing property along any Anosov subspace. As an application, we show that ΦT is structurally stable along any Anosov subspace. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Suspension thermal spraying is an emerging coating technology that enables the deposition of dense-structured ceramic coatings. As wear resistance is a main application field of alumina (Al2O3) coatings, this study aimed to evaluate the dry reciprocating sliding wear resistance of suspension sprayed high velocity oxy-fuel (S-HVOF) alumina coatings and to compare it with atmospheric plasma sprayed (APS) and HVOF coatings. Coatings were analyzed in the as-sprayed state and post-treated at 910 °C (hot isostatically pressed, HIPed) conditions. Wear tests were conducted using a tribometer, following the ASTM G133-02 standard and a sintered WC-6 wt.% Co ball as the counterbody. Coating characterization was done using scanning electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction and nanoindentation technique. Results indicate that the HVOF, HVOF-HIP and S-HVOF coatings had a high α-Al2O3 content, whereas the APS and APS-HIP coatings had a high γ-phase content together with high porosity. Sliding wear resistance was an order of magnitude higher for the S-HVOF and HVOF coatings than the APS and APS-HIPed coatings. This difference in wear performance was attributed to the high nanohardness, elastic modulus, dense microstructure and relatively high α-Al2O3 content in the HVOF, S-HVOF and HVOF-HIP coatings. Results are discussed in terms of the wear mechanism and structure-property relationship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From mega-projects to small-scale repairs, many construction projects in Kenya are characterised by delays and false starts. One such case is the renovation of the Kamariny stadium, where since the 1960s world-class long-distance runners have prepared for international races. Part of the government’s Vision 2030 development agenda, the renovation promised to turn old athletics tracks into an imposing modern stadium. However, the construction was started and then suspended. Suspension as an ethnographic observation and an analytical framework provides a nuanced account of infrastructural development, one that complicates state-sanctioned narratives of vision and emergence. Conceptualised as a process and a deliberate political action – rather than an ontic condition – suspension is a resource for political performance and economic speculation, a tool for the state to assert itself as a provider of development, but also a method of civic dissent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aqueous suspensions (colloids) containing detonation nano-diamond (DND) feature in most applications of DND and are an indispensable stage of its production; therefore, the interaction of DND with water is actively studied. However, insufficient attention has been paid to the unique physico-chemical and biological properties of transparent colloids with low DND content (≤0.1%), which are the subject of this review. Thus, such colloids possess giant dielectric permittivity which shows peculiar temperature dependence, as well as quasi-periodic fluctuations during slow evaporation or dilution. In these colloids, DND interacts with water and air to form cottonwool-like fibers comprising living micro-organisms (fungi and bacteria) and DND particles, with elevated nitrogen content due to fixation of atmospheric N2. Prolonged contact between these solutions and air lead to the formation of ammonium nitrate, sometimes forming macroscopic crystals. The latter was also formed during prolonged oxidation of fungi in aqueous DND colloids. The possible mechanism of N2 fixation is discussed, which can be attributable to the high reactivity of DND. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The design and construction of an energy-storing device utilizing coil spring suspension are the focus of this project. The device's purpose is to collect and hold motion-generated energy from automobiles with coil-spring suspension systems. The energy can then be transferred to a bigger storage system for later use or used for a variety of purposes inside the car, such as lighting or auxiliary systems. A DC generator and a coil spring make up the device, which transforms mechanical energy into electrical energy. The generator generates power when the car travels over a bump or an uneven surface because the coil spring is compressed. After that, the electricity is stored in a capacitor or battery for later use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Psoriasis ranges from mild to severe with the majority of patients having mild disease. Mild to moderate disease is often treated with topical therapies while photo-, oral, and biologic therapies are generally reserved for moderate-to-severe disease. There is a strong scientific rationale for the combination of calcipotriene (CAL) and betamethasone dipropionate (BDP) with respect to mode of action, efficacy, and safety and CAL/BDP has shown an inhibitory effect on key pathogenic cytokines in psoriasis including tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-17, and IL-23. Methods: The objective of this pooled post hoc analysis is to investigate the efficacy of CAL/BDP polyaphron dispersion (PAD)-cream in subgroups of patients with moderate-to-severe psoriasis from two completed phase 3 studies conducted in the USA and Europe. Results: The proportion of patients achieving Physician Global Assessment (PGA) treatment success as well as a modified Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (mPASI)75 response was higher in the subgroup with a body surface area > 10% and mPASI > 10 and Dermatology Life Quality Index > 10 at baseline compared to the overall patient population. Furthermore, the numerical difference in treatment efficacy between CAL/BDP PAD-cream and CAL/BDP topical suspension/gel increased in patient subgroups with higher baseline severity. Similar patterns were shown for the patient-reported outcomes. Conclusion: In this subgroup analysis, patients who had higher disease severity at baseline achieved greater efficacy than the total patient population when treated with 8 weeks of CAL/BDP PAD-cream as compared to a currently marketed active comparator. Additionally, as indicated by this analysis, CAL/BDP PAD-cream treatment may also be more convenient and less greasy, which may reduce the burden of daily treatment and improve adherence to therapy. Trial Registration: NCT03308799 and NCT03802344. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tree sloths evolved below‐branch locomotion making them one of few mammalian taxa beyond primates for which suspension is nearly obligatory. Suspension requires strong limb flexor muscles that provide both propulsion and braking/support, and available locomotor kinetics data indicate that these roles differ between fore‐ and hindlimb pairs. Muscle structure in the pelvic limb is hypothesized to be a key anatomical correlate of function in braking/support during suspensory walking and propulsion and/or support during vertical climbing. This expectation was tested by quantifying architecture properties in the hindlimb limb musculature of brown‐throated three‐toed sloths (Bradypus variegatus: N = 7) to distinguish the roles of the flexor/extensor functional muscle groups at each joint. Measurements of muscle moment arm (rm), mass, belly length, fascicle length, pennation angle, and physiological cross‐sectional area (PCSA) were taken from n = 45 muscles. Overall, most muscles studied show properties for contractile excursion and fast joint rotational velocity. However, the flexor musculature is more massive (p = 0.048) and has larger PCSA (p = 0.003) than the extensors, especially at the knee joint and digits where well‐developed and strong flexors are capable of applying large joint torque. Moreover, selected hip flexors/extensors and knee flexors have modified long rm that can amplify applied joint torque in muscles with otherwise long, parallel fascicles, and one muscle (m. iliopsoas) was capable of moderately high power in B. variegatus. The architectural properties observed in the hip flexors and extensors match well with roles in suspensory braking and vertical propulsion, respectively, whereas strong knee flexors and digital flexors appear to be the main muscles providing suspensory support in the pelvic limb. With aid in support by the forelimbs and the use of adaptive slow locomotion and slow muscle fiber recruitment patterns, structure–function in the tensile limb systems of sloths appears to collectively represent an additional mechanism for energy conservation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The design and construction of an energy-storing device utilizing coil spring suspension are the focus of this project. The device's purpose is to collect and hold motion-generated energy from automobiles with coil-spring suspension systems. The energy can then be transferred to a bigger storage system for later use or used for a variety of purposes inside the car, such as lighting or auxiliary systems. A DC generator and a coil spring make up the device, which transforms mechanical energy into electrical energy. The generator generates power when the car travels over a bump or an uneven surface because the coil spring is compressed. After that, the electricity is stored in a capacitor or battery for later use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) requires annual data collection to monitor the provision of special education services, yet federal reports rarely disaggregate trends for English learners (ELs). In merging all available annual data files required under IDEA from 2006 to 2020, the present study provides the first large-scale examination of trends in the school experiences and outcomes of ELs with disabilities. Results show that while EL overrepresentation in special education is limited, the population has increased by more than 50%, with growth rates substantially higher by disability type (autism spectrum disorder and developmental delay) and geographic region (U.S. Midwest and Northeast). Analyses of school outcomes show consistently lower rates of suspension, general education inclusion, and high school graduation for ELs with disabilities relative to non-ELs with disabilities. Test score trends from the National Assessment for Education Progress reveal stagnation for ELs with disabilities and a consistent gap relative to non-ELs with disabilities. The study has implications for how schools prepare for changing student demographics in special education and improve student outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The two-phase elector-osmotic (EoF) flow of a non-Newtonian fluid is the major focus of this article. Spherically homogenous metallic particles are considered to obtain a multiphase suspension. Third-grade fluid depicting non-Newtonian fluid characteristics is considered for the two-phase suspension through a divergent channel. A semi-analytic solution is obtained for the nonlinear flow dynamics which reveals that the third-grade fluid parameter enhances the inertial forces which result to increase the motion of each phase. However, the contribution of magnetic fields is quite opposite. Moreover, the obtained semi-analytical solution is in good agreement with the one reported in the literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the first discovery of human fossils in the mid‐19th century, two subjects—our phylogenetic relationship to living and fossil apes and the ancestral locomotor behaviors preceding bipedalism—have driven the majority of discourse in the study of human origins. With few fossils and thus limited comparative evidence available to inform or constrain them, morphologists of the 19th and early mid‐20th centuries posited a range of scenarios for the evolution of bipedalism. In contrast, there exists a rich hominin fossil record and the acceptance of Pan (chimpanzees and bonobos) as our closest living relatives is nearly universal, yet consensus about the ancestral condition from which hominins evolved remains elusive. Notably, while the earliest known hominins are generally congruent with parsimonious inferences of an African ape‐like last common ancestor, our more distantly related Miocene ape cousins are frequently invoked as evidence in favor of more complex scenarios that require substantial homoplasy. Debate over these alternatives suggests that how we infer ancestral nodes and weigh evidence to test their relative likelihoods remains a stumbling block. Here we argue that a key contributor to this impasse includes the history of terminology associated with positional behavior, which has become confused over the last century. We aim to clarify positional behavior concepts and contextualize knuckle‐walking and other forms of posture and locomotion chimpanzees and gorillas engage in, while arguing that the presence of homoplasy in ape evolution does not alter the weight of evidence in favor of an African ape‐like evolutionary history of hominins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] The aim of this work was the evaluation and introduction of the Bertin Precellys® Evolution homogenizer with Cryolys® as a valuable and versatile tool for the improvement of workflows in the preformulation phase of drug development. The presented pilot experiments indicate that the instrument can be applied for (1) screening of appropriate vehicles for the generation of micro- and nano suspensions, (2) small-scale manufacturing of suspension formulations for preclinical animal studies, (3) drug amorphization and identification of appropriate excipients for amorphous systems, and (4) preparation of homogenous powder blends. The instrument allows the rapid, parallel, and compound-sparing screening of formulation approaches and small-scale formulation manufacturing, in particular for low solubility compounds. For the characterization of generated formulations, miniaturized methods are introduced such as a screening tool for suspension sedimentation and redispersion and a non-sink dissolution model in biorelevant media in microtiter plates. This work summarizes exploratory, proof-of-concept studies and opens up new opportunities for more extended studies with this instrument in various application areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The possibility of hydrogen production by the action of laser pulses (1064 nm, 14 ns, 10 Hz, 0.5–6 J/cm2) on a suspension containing 0.03 wt % aluminum (100 nm) in water is shown. It was found that aluminum nanoparticles absorb the laser energy and heat up. As a result of heating, the continuity of the oxide film is disrupted, and metallic aluminum reacts with water. It is shown that there is a complete transformation of aluminum into products (gibbsite, boehmite, bayerite). The maximum hydrogen yield V m = 8.4 mL does not depend on the energy density of the laser radiation. The time to reach V m decreases according to the hyperbolic law with increasing laser energy density, reaching 3.5 min at an energy density of 6 J/cm2. [Display omitted] • The time of complete transformation of Al depends on the laser energy density. • Laser radiation is absorbed directly by aluminum nanoparticles. • Rapid heating of aluminum nanoparticles leads to the destruction of their oxide film. • It is not required to heat the entire volume of the suspension. • There is a complete transformation of metallic aluminum into reaction products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This brief commentary begins with the premise that infrastructures are not neutral technical platforms upon which more interesting social activities (such as various kinds of mobility) occur. Instead, infrastructures are more productively understood as bundles of socio-technical relations, and these relations shape in often unintended ways the social, political, economic, and environmental effects of infrastructural configurations. Infrastructural power, then, is understood as a relational form of power emergent within infrastructural configurations t h emselves, r a ther t h an s imply a s p r e-existing state power channeled through infrastructures. This approach suggests that mobility is more than just a social construction or an outcome of state policy, but is generated through infrastructural power. Drawing on research on new town development in China, I argue that new patterns of mobility - what I call 'suspended circulation' - emerge as effects o f t he s patial c onfigurations cr eated by in frastructures th at ha ve preceded urbanization in these places. These new patterns of mobility involve the continuous circulation of precarious labor throughout ever-expanding spaces of urban development. While this aligns in many ways with the modernist and developmentalist projects of the state, it also indexes a form of material power over which the state has limited control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are racial and ethnic disparities in use of out-of-school suspensions within the United States. The present study assessed for the presence of disproportionate suspension by race, special education status, and receipt of free or reduced cost meals using two separate metrics (risk ratios and raw differential representation); evaluated separate models of disproportionate suspension for students identified as Black, White, and Hispanic; and examined potential curvilinear associations between the proportion of the racial/ethnic group within the school population and disproportionate suspension. Aggregate data from elementary (n = 27), middle (n = 9), and high (n = 4) U.S. schools with over 105,000 students were included. Results indicated disproportionate suspension was present for Black-identified students, students in special education, and those with socioeconomic difficulties. Metrics of risk ratios and raw differential representation demonstrated somewhat different patterns in disproportionate suspension. We observed a significant curvilinear effect of the proportion of the school body identified as Black versus White on suspension practices. Students identified as White in schools with a larger White student body were more protected from suspension whereas students identified as Black were overrepresented among those suspended regardless of the student body composition. Findings suggest Black-identified students experience differential treatment in school settings and future tested models are encouraged to include more specific teacher and school administrator factors. IMPACT STATEMENT Theory suggests the proportion of the student body identified as Black or White may differentially influence suspension practices for Black and White students. The current study demonstrated support for this theory, with protective effects against suspension for White students in a predominantly White student body. Conversely, Black students were suspended more as the student body became more proportionally Black. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Much prior work has revealed that minority students are more likely than White youth to experience school suspensions, expulsions, and office referrals. However, the research establishing these patterns has relied exclusively on regression-based methods, which may not ensure adequate between-group balance on the measured covariates. Using data from the 2012 to 2019 8th/10th grade cohorts of the Monitoring the Future survey (N = 62,962), this study compares the treatment effects estimated following coarsened exact matching (CEM) with those generated using conventional methods on unmatched data. The results from both sets of analyses reveal notable effects of race but less consistent findings for Hispanic ethnicity. Further, while the effect sizes are similar, the average adjusted predictions from the matched data are more modest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although in-school suspensions may be viewed as less severe than out-of-school suspensions, both discipline consequences limit students' access to learning opportunities and are negatively associated with a range of educational outcomes. Moreover, if sending students out of class perpetuates the same racial disparities as sending them home, this practice does not realize the equity goals of discipline reforms over the last decade. Our study draws on Critical Race Theory and QuantCrit to understand racial discipline gaps across in-school and out-of-school suspensions using data from students and schools in one large district. Results of multilevel regression models indicate similar racial disparities in both suspension types, suggesting neither approach is equitable. These findings illustrate the limits of race-neutral policies in mitigating exclusionary discipline gaps. Addressing the thorny issues that contribute to racial disparities will likely require greater resources for high quality implementation of school-wide culture change initiatives that are explicitly anti-racist. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Administration of long-acting injectable suspensions is an increasingly common approach to increasing patient compliance and improving therapeutic efficacy through less frequent dosing. While several long-acting suspensions have recently been marketed, parameters modulating drug absorption from suspension-based formulations are not well understood. Further, methods for predicting clinical pharmacokinetic data from preclinical studies are not well established. Together, these limitations hamper compound selection, formulation design and formulation selection through heavy reliance on iterative optimization in preclinical and clinical studies. This article identifies key parameters influencing absorption from suspension-based formulations through compilation and analysis of preclinical and clinical pharmacokinetic data of seven compounds marketed as suspensions; achievable margins for predicting the clinical dose and input rate from preclinical studies as a function of the preclinical species, the clinical injection location and the intended therapeutic duration were also established. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To investigate the difference in methods to determine the osmolality in solutions of stabilizers used for long-acting injectable suspensions. Methods: The osmolality was measured by freezing point depression and vapor pressure for 11 different polymers and surfactants (PEG 3350, 4000, 6000, 8000, 20,000, PVP K12, K17 and K30, poloxamer 188, 388 and 407, HPMC E5, Na-CMC, polysorbate 20 and 80, vitamin E-TPGS, phospholipid, DOSS and SDS) in different concentrations. Results: Independently of the measuring method, an increase in osmolality with increasing concentration was observed for all polymers and surfactants, as would be expected due to the physicochemical origin of the osmolality. No correlation was found between the molecular weight of the polymers and the measured osmolality. The osmolality values were different for PVPs, PEGs, and Na-CMC using the two different measurement methods. The values obtained by the freezing point depression method tended to be similar or higher than the ones provided by vapor pressure, overall showing a significant difference in the osmolality measured by the two investigated methods. Conclusions: For lower osmolality values (e.g. surfactants), the choice of the measuring method was not critical, both the freezing point depression and vapor pressure could be used. However, when the formulations contained higher concentrations of excipients and/or thermosensitive excipients, the data suggests that the vapor pressure method would be more suited. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to show the effectiveness of bidirectional COG polydioxanone (PDO) threads in facial tissue suspension. Patients have come to us with the intention of performing minimally invasive and preventive aesthetic procedures, without incisions, with fast recovery and promising results. The threads showed resistance to traction, competence in keeping the tissues tractioned without breaking through the action of uniaxial tensional force, forming scar tissue and neocollagenesis around them. They act on the principle of neovascularization, in the regeneration of type 1 and 3 collagen and as a lipolysis factor. The best technique to be used is chosen according to the patient's needs, that is, the treatment is individualized. The two participants in the clinical cases described were aged over 50 years and reported having already undergone other noninvasive rejuvenation treatments such as: botulinum toxin, resorbable fillers and biostimulators. The number of threads inserted is proportional to the effect of suspension and neocollagenesis. There were no adverse effects reported by the patients. The improvement was clear in the dermal quality of all of them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]