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Type 2 diabetes is a common and costly chronic disease in general as well as in the working population and its prevalence is increasing at an alarming rate. There are approximately 3000 healthcare professionals working in Rashid Hospital in different specialties. Objective: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of Type2 Diabetes risk among health care workers at Rashid Hospital. In addition, to find out the risk factors associated with type2 diabetes risk status and to identify the efficacy of lifestyle health promotion intended to improve health risk factors such as weight, body mass index (BMI), physical activity, and lifestyle that may lead to type2 diabetes, affecting the health of healthcare workers and their work performance. Methodology: A cross sectional study carried out at Rashid hospital under Dubai Health Authority. A convenience sample was selected by using Open Epi software from the projected population size of 3000, confidence level of 95%, marginal error 5% and the z- score 1.96%. Data collected by using a standardized diabetes risk assessment tool (FINDRISC tool, Finnish Diabetes Risk Score) for a period of one year. The subjects involved are 50% nursing staff, 30% doctors and 20% other health care workers. The inclusion criteria were staff in Rashid Hospital, both sex, age above 18 years and all nationalities. The exclusion criteria were pregnant women, people with known diabetes, age below 18 and above 65years. The data coding, entry and analysis done by SPSS 22 software version. Results: The study revealed that 45.1% of the participants were at low diabetes risk, 35.3% were at slightly elevated risk, 12.2% at moderate risk, 6.9% at high risk, and 0.5% at very high risk. Age, body mass index, waist circumference, daily physical activity, daily consumption of fruits, berries or vegetables, history in intake of antihypertensive medications, history of high blood glucose during illness or pregnancy and family history of diabetes had a great impact. Up on analysis Nurses are at high risk of contracting the disease shortly if you consider the combined value of high risk and very high-risk category (9.5%) as opposed to Doctors (1.8% +0.9%=2.6%) and other health care staff (4.5+1.5=6%). Conclusion: The modifiable factors like body weight, physical activities and food habit can decrease the risk of developing type 2 diabetes among Rashid Hospital healthcare professionals. Health promotion and education can decrease the diabetes risk and occupational health facility can support the follow up.

The increased microbial resistance against developed and existing drug molecules urges us to design targeted drug molecules in short span of time though designing and marketing new drug is tedious and time-consuming as it requires several clinical trials. Thus the current study focuses on computer-aided drug design through in silico studies which hastens the screening of millions of lead compounds quickly. It also facilitates the design of new lead compounds instead of using the wet-lab method. The potential pharmaceutical activity of vinylquinoline compounds made us choose them as a lead for anti-diabetic screening. In this study, we attempted to explore the in silico anti-diabetic activity of randomly chosen 25 vinylquinoline derivatives using Maestro Schrödinger software. The toxicity of the ligands are predicted in silico using the software Toxtree. The preliminary screening of these ligands against potent Dipeptidyl Peptidase (DPP IV) reveals vinyl quinoline derivatives possess docking scores comparable to standard Metformin Hydrochloride. Thus the docking results highly recommends vinyl quinoline derivatives as a potent anti-diabetic drug.

This study aims to investigate the prevalence, morphology and elongation pattern of elongated styloid process in the population of Central Kerala and its relation to age and gender. ` 500 digital panoramic radiographs were collected from the archives of Department of Oral Medicine & Radiology, Mar Baselios Dental College taken during 2017-2020. Only those radiographs of patients within age group of 20-60 years and showed styloid processes of both sides with no pathologies in the required structures were included in the study. Radiographs with magnification and positioning errors were excluded. The collected data was entered in an Excel spreadsheet and analyzed using statistical analysis software-SPSS 16.0. The data was analyzed using chi square test and one way ANOVA. The average length of right and left styloid processes were 25.61±6.25mm & 25.88±6.67 mm respectively. The study showed that there is a progression in the length of right styloid process with advancing age. In this study females had a longer styloid process compared to males. A predominance of type I elongation is seen in both right and left sides.: The best protection is early detection. Presence of elongated styloid process is an incidental radiographic finding. However adequate and prompt diagnosis can lead to elimination of associated complications. This study focuses on detection of elongated styloid processes and comparison of length and identification of elongation patterns among right and left sides. These parameters and patterns may help the clinicians to distinguish between normal and elongated styloid processes.

Background The extent to which vaccinated persons diagnosed with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can transmit to other vaccinated and unvaccinated persons is unclear. Methods Using data from the San Francisco Department of Public Health, this report describes outcomes of household contact tracing during 29 January–2 July 2021, where fully vaccinated patients with COVID-19 were the index case in the household. Results Among 248 fully vaccinated patients with breakthrough infections, 203 (82%) were symptomatic and 105 were identified as the index patient within their household. Among 179 named household contacts, 71 (40%) contacts tested, over half (56%) were fully vaccinated and the secondary attack rate was 28%. Overall transmission from a symptomatic fully vaccinated patient with breakthrough infection to household contacts was suspected in 14 of 105 (13%) of households. Viral genomic sequencing of samples from 44% of fully vaccinated patients showed that 82% of those sequenced were infected by a variant of concern or interest and 77% by a variant carrying mutation(s) associated with resistance to neutralizing antibodies. Conclusions Transmission from fully vaccinated symptomatic index patients to vaccinated and unvaccinated household contacts can occur. Indoor face masking and timely testing of all household contacts should be considered when a household member receives a positive test result in order to identify and interrupt transmission chains.

In order to obtain environmentally friendly nanoparticles for the biological applications, this paper explores the green route for the synthesis of gold nanoparticles via sonic bath method using Haematocarpus validus fruit extract as reducing, capping and stabilizing agent. The phytochemical screening of ethanol extract reveals secondary metabolites like anthocyanins, polyphenol, flavonoids, alkaloids and tannins. The prepared gold nanoparticles (HVGNP) were analysed using UV, FTIR, XRD, EDX and FESEM spectroscopic techniques. The antioxidant activity of synthesized HVGNP measured by the DPPH method reveals the synthesized gold nanoparticles appreciable antioxidant activity.

The climate change and land degradation are both individually and in combination have profound influence on natural resource based livelihood systems and societal groups, but this land degradation is caused by land use changes and unsustainable management. The different land use systems practiced in southern agro-climatic zones of Karnataka have significant impact on soil carbon and fertility status of soils, a study was carried out to characterize and classify the soils of southern agro-climatic zones of Karnataka. Five pedons, one from each agro-climatic zone from cultivated land use were selected for the study. Soils of Hiriyur pedons were moderately shallow and rest were deep to very deep, red, well drained and appreciable amount of gravels were observed in all the pedons. Clay illuviation in sub-soil layers was observed hence sub-soil layer contained more clay than surface. The soil texture varied from sandy clay loam to sandy clay and clay. Bulk density of soil varied from 0.86 to 1.86 Mgm-3 in the surface. In all the profiles, bulk density increased with depth. Soil reaction varied from very strongly acidic to moderately acidic in Balehonnur and Brahmavara, moderately acidic to neutral in Hassan and Tiptur, neutral to moderately alkaline in Hiriyur. Cation exchange capacity was low and exchange complex was dominated by hydrogen and aluminum. Dominant cations were calcium and magnesium hence base saturation was high in the pedons due to leaching of bases and deposition in sub-surface horizons within the solum except in Brahmvara and Balehonnur was observed.

Populations at high risk for COVID-19- including Spanish speakers—may face additional barriers to obtaining COVID-19 vaccinations; by understanding their challenges, we can create more equitable vaccine interventions. In this study, we used interviews to identify barriers and enablers to COVID-19 vaccine uptake among participants in the San Francisco Department of Public Health contact tracing program. Data analysis employed Capability, Opportunity, Motivation Behavior model (COM-B) and the Behavior Change Wheel framework as guides to target barriers with interventions and supporting policies. This paper presents data from interviews focused on COVID-19 vaccine uptake that was part of a project to improve COVID-19 preventive behaviors in San Francisco. We completed seventeen interviews between February and May 2021; six (35%) were completed in English and 11 (65%) in Spanish. Barriers to vaccine uptake included an unprepared health system, fear of side effects, limited knowledge, and conflicting information. Behavioral factors influencing vaccine uptake were mainly related to physical opportunity, automatic motivation, and psychological capability. Interventions that could address the most significant number of barriers included education, enablement, and environmental restructuring. Finally, communication and marketing policies that use diverse multi-lingual social media and environmental planning that includes accessible vaccine sites for people with disabilities, literacy barriers, and limited English proficiency could significantly increase vaccination. Public health departments should tailor interventions to high-risk populations by understanding the specific barriers they face. This exploratory study suggests how implementation science can provide frameworks to achieve this.

This article examines how a sense of community is evinced among readers of the satirical Malaysian webcomic Covidball Z, in which the author Ernest Ng uses satire to give voice to common responses ...

Professional voice users form an increasing part of our population. Physical fitness instructors listed as professional voice users are at risk for voice problem as they perform vigorous exercises, instruct at the same time and compete vocally with loud background music. Hence, there is a dire need to study the voice problems in this population. The current study was aimed at investigating the phonatory and respiratory functions in physical fitness instructors in comparison to a control group.Cross-sectional study design MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty physical fitness instructors (48 males and two females) and 50 controls (45 males and five females) with the age range of 18-40 years were initially enrolled in the study. The phonatory function measures (perceptual, physiological, and acoustic) and respiratory function measures (aerodynamics) were obtained.Following the data analysis only for male participants, the majority of the perceptual parameters such as grade, roughness, breathiness, and strain showed significant increase in the clinical group compared to controls (P0.05). Similarly, few acoustic parameters such as fundamental frequency (FFew perceptual and acoustic parameters are sensitive in differentiating the voice problems in physical fitness instructors from the controls. The significant perceptual and acoustic parameters implied that they are at risk for developing voice problems. Hence, early identification and prevention of voice problems in this population is warranted.

BACKGROUND Open angle glaucoma forms a major proportion of glaucomas which is a leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. Anatomical variations in ocular structures and consequent secondary open angle glaucoma occurs in significant number of patients afflicted with pseudoexfoliation syndrome. Hence, a detailed workup and identification of glaucoma and appropriate management is essential to prevent further visual loss. We wanted to evaluate the incidence of open angle glaucoma among patients having pseudo exfoliation syndrome at Regional Institute of Ophthalmology, Trivandrum, Kerala. METHODS A cross sectional study comprising 142 individuals with pseudo exfoliation syndrome was conducted in Regional Institute of Ophthalmology, Trivandrum, Kerala, over a period of one year. Sociodemographic variables were collected through structured interviewer administered questionnaire followed by detailed ocular work up and visual field analysis. Data was analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences, SPSS 16. RESULTS Among 142 subjects, 70.4 % were males and 29.6 % were females. The mean age of participants was 65 years. In studied population, 83.1 % represented rural population. Incidence of open angle glaucoma among studied population with pseudoexfoliation was 10.56 % (95 % confidence interval; 5.50 % - 15.61 %). No case of normal tension glaucoma was identified during the study period. 29.57 % of subjects showed bilateral pseudoexfoliation. But among patients with pseudoexfoliation (PEX) glaucoma, 78.9 % had bilateral disease. Mean intra ocular pressure in eyes with PEX glaucoma was 27.38 ± 5.75 mm Hg and in PEX eyes without glaucoma was 23.20 ± 1.6 mmHg. Pupillary dilatation was observed to be less than the normal eyes and was 5.62 mm. 4 % of eyes with PEX had some form of zonulopathy. CONCLUSIONS Hospital based incidence of open angle glaucoma among patients with pseudo exfoliation is 10.56 %. KEYWORDS Pseudoexfoliation, Open Angle Glaucoma, Incidence, Intraocular Pressure, Gonioscopy

PurposeTimely removal of formwork is one of the crucial aspects of construction management that directly influences the safety and quality of the structure as well as the economy of the project. Code recommendations in this regard are not widely practiced because of the difficulties in their implementations. Also, such code recommendations are not robust for all the possible construction conditions. The present paper proposes an IoT-enabled system that notifies the minimum striking time of vertical formwork based on a specified target compressive strength.Design/methodology/approachAn IoT device is proposed for the timely removal of vertical formwork by monitoring of early age concrete compressive strength in real-time. The maturity method is utilized for this purpose. The implementation of the proposed system is demonstrated on three concrete columns. The proposed system is found to be suitable for any construction condition.FindingsThe proposed system is a novel, cost-effective, IoT-enabled real-time monitoring system which includes features like cloud connectivity and remote monitoring. This system can be easily implemented at the site without any human intervention.Practical implicationsThe study explores the development of an IoT device for the timely removal of vertical formwork which will ensure quality, safety and productivity in concrete construction.Originality/valueThis paper is the first attempt to determine the minimum striking time of vertical formwork using IoT-based technology.

Microorganisms give life to the soil and provide a variety of ecosystem services to plants. Soil bacteria are the strongest candidates for determining soil health. Bacterial communities are important for the health and productivity of soil ecosystems. Therefore, we must have a thorough knowledge of the diversity, habitat, and ecosystem functioning of bacteria. In this chapter, we will discuss the functional, metabolic, and phylogenetic diversity of soil bacteria and highlight the role of bacteria in the cycling of major biological elements (C, N, P, and S), detoxification of common soil pollutants, disease suppression, and soil aggregation. This chapter also underlines the use of soil bacteria as indicators of soil health. We have concluded the chapter by taking note of the present agricultural practices that call for concern regarding the natural soil microflora and steps to return biological activity to the soil.

Associations between vaccine breakthrough cases and infection by different SARS coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants have remained largely unexplored. Here we analysed SARS-CoV-2 whole-genome sequences and viral loads from 1,373 persons with COVID-19 from the San Francisco Bay Area from 1 February to 30 June 2021, of which 125 (9.1%) were vaccine breakthrough infections. Vaccine breakthrough infections were more commonly associated with circulating antibody-resistant variants carrying ≥1 mutation associated with decreased antibody neutralization (L452R/Q, E484K/Q and/or F490S) than infections in unvaccinated individuals (78% versus 48%, P = 1.96 × 10

Aims and objectives To understand the interprofessional and intraprofessional communication patterns of overseas qualified nurses as they coordinate care for patients in Australian hospitals. Background Numerous studies have informed the transitioning experiences of overseas qualified nurses with non-English-speaking backgrounds working in English-speaking workplaces. Only a few observational studies have involved examining the intercultural communication experiences of overseas qualified nurses, and none have considered their intra- and interprofessional communication patterns. Design A qualitative design was adopted, using participant observation and discourse analysis. Methods This study was from January 2017 to March 2017. Thirteen overseas qualified nurses working in acute, subacute and interventional cardiology settings in a Melbourne metropolitan hospital were shadowed over a period of 12 weeks to collect data that inform their communication patterns. The COREQ checklist was used. Results This observational study informed by genre analysis revealed that intra- and interprofessional communication occurred more commonly under the clinical communication goals of coordinating care and less commonly under facilitating intervention. Communication strategies ranged from structured interactions with use of communication tools to unstructured ad hoc interactions. Analysis of the discourse patterns demonstrated that effectiveness of interactions was affected by hesitancy, lack of assertion and few strategies to manage inadequate or aggressive communication by other team members. Poor clinical communication with peers was not always caused by the nurses from non-English-speaking backgrounds. Positive interpersonal interactions with laughter, language-switching and small talk were evident in interactions with nurses from similar cultural backgrounds but were rare with local colleagues. Conclusion The linguistic evidence from this study shows variations in communication competency between participants, which emphasises the importance of not viewing overseas qualified nurses' communication training needs as homogenous. With the growing multicultural nature of healthcare teams, this study underscores the need for intercultural communication training for team integration and patient safety. Relevance to clinical practice Continuous professional development should incorporate intercultural communication training to ensure team effectiveness within nursing teams as well as interprofessional teams.

Highly weathered laterite soils are a characteristic feature of humid tropics with undulating topography and high rainfall. The crop of cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) has been cultivated in such landscapes, mainly to prevent further degradation due to the drought hardiness of cashew and requirement of very limited soil disturbances for its cultivation. Providing proper nutrient management is important for balancing the nutrient removal by tree crops especially in poor fertile soils. A study was initiated, after 5 years of application of inorganic fertilisers and organic amendments to cashew in a weathered tropical soil, to evaluate the effects of organic and inorganic sources of nutrients on soil aggregation and biochemical characteristics. The experiment consisted of 11 treatments as Farm Yard Manure (FYM) alone; FYM + biofertiliser consortia; FYM, rock phosphate and wood ash; poultry manure; In situ composting using recyclable cashew biomass and weeds; In situ composting using recyclable cashew biomass and weeds + green manuring; vermicomposting of recyclable cashew biomass; FYM + organic cakes + recyclable cashew biomass + biofertiliser consortia; recommended dose of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertiliser (NPK fertiliser); recommended NPK fertiliser + FYM; and control without nutrient application. Soil samples were collected from surface 0–30 cm layer. The soil samples were fractionated into three aggregate sizes, i.e., >2 mm (large macroaggregates), 0.25–2 mm (small macroaggregates), 0.053 to 0.25 mm (microaggregates) and

Gamma delta (γδ) T cells, especially the Vγ9Vδ2 subtype, have been implicated in cancer therapy and thus have earned the spotlight in the past decade. Although one of the most important properties of γδ T cells is their activation by phosphoantigens, which are intermediates of the Mevalonate and Rohmer pathway of isoprenoid biosynthesis, such as IPP and HDMAPP, respectively, the global effects of such treatments on Vγ9Vδ2 T cells remain elusive. Here, we used the high-throughput transcriptomics approach to elucidate the transcriptional changes in human Vγ9Vδ2 T cells upon HDMAPP, IPP, and anti-CD3 treatments in combination with interleukin 2 (IL2) cytokine stimulation. These activation treatments exhibited a dramatic surge in transcription with distinctly enriched pathways. We further assessed the transcriptional dynamics upon inhibition of Notch signaling coupled with activation treatments. We observed that the metabolic processes are most affected upon Notch inhibitionviaGSI-X. The key effector genes involved in gamma–delta cytotoxic function were downregulated upon Notch blockade even in combination with activation treatment, suggesting a transcriptional crosstalk between T-cell receptor (TCR) signaling and Notch signaling in Vγ9Vδ2 T cells. Collectively, we demonstrate the effect of the activation of TCR signaling by phosphoantigens or anti-CD3 on the transcriptional status of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells along with IL2 stimulation. We further show that the blockade of Notch signaling antagonistically affects this activation.

Introduction: Glaucoma is characterised by structural damage to optic nerve head with corresponding visual field defects and often associated with increased Intraocular Pressure (IOP). It may be broadly classified as Primary Angle Closure Glaucoma (PACG) and Primary Open Angle Glaucoma (POAG). It is one of the leading causes of global blindness, and a major proportion occurs in Indian population. Aim: To study the correlation between pretreatment IOP and extent of visual field loss in PACG and POAG. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was carried out in Regional Institute of Ophthalmology, Trivandrum, Kerala, India from April 2016 to May 2017. Newly diagnosed cases of PACG (25 patients-13 males, 12 females, mean age 58.72±10.07 years) and POAG (85 patients- 45 males, 40 females, mean age 60.28±10.42 years) underwent a detailed glaucoma evaluation which included IOP measurement with Goldmann applanation tonometer and visual field testing using Humphrey Field Analysis (HFA) 24-2 pattern. Mean Deviation (MD), Pattern Standard Deviation (PSD) and Advanced Glaucoma Intervention Score (AGIS) score was calculated from reliable visual field test result. All data were coded and entered in to statistical software, Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 16.0 for analysis. The correlation between pretreatment IOP and visual field loss in patients with PACG and POAG was determined by Pearson Correlation of Coefficient. Results: Amongst the total 110 patients of this study, 25 patients were of PACG while POAG were in 85 patients. A significant correlation between pre treatment IOP and the extent of visual field loss in PACG was noted. There was no significant correlation in POAG. Linear regression analysis demonstrated a significant positive correlation between IOP and AGIS score in PACG (Pearson correlation coefficient(r)=0.805, p0.450). Conclusion: A significant correlation between IOP and visual field loss in PACG indicates that extent of visual field damage can be controlled by controlling IOP alone in PACG. The correlation between the pretreatment IOP and visual field loss in POAG is not statistically significant which agrees with the current proposed pathophysiology of optic neuropathy in which multiple factors influence in addition to IOP.

Rhizosphere, a zone of intense microbial activity is a hub of soil–plant–microbial interactions playing a vital role in the growth and yield of plants. Physical, chemical, and biological properties of rhizosphere are greatly influenced by root exudates, energy source for proliferation, and activity of microbes. Various microorganisms in rhizosphere greatly influence nutrient availability and play an important role in all aspects of nitrogen cycling. Nitrogen is one of the essential macronutrient elements considered critical in limiting plant growth and development. Majority of plant nitrogen uptake is accounted by organic nitrogen pool of soil; highlighting the role of plant roots and associated nitrogen transformation in the rhizosphere. In-depth understanding of various soil–plant–microbial interactions in rhizosphere governing nitrogen availability and uptake is essential for increasing plant nitrogen acquisition, thereby enhancing use efficiency.

Atmospheric conditions and moisture loss of early age cementitious material can lead to cracking and may affect the durability and serviceability of the cementitious materials. The real-time monitoring of these conditions of cementitious materials (cement, mortar, concrete, pozzolana) at an early age is vital for quality control and durability. The present study proposes an Internet of things enabled real-time monitoring system for early age cementitious materials. The system consists of three sensors (DS18B20, DHT-11, moisture sensor) and a Wi-Fi microcontroller. The system measures concrete/atmospheric temperature, relative humidity, and moisture content inside the fresh cementitious materials and posts the data on the internet. The proposed system is effective in the prediction of moisture loss and shrinkage in early age concrete which is beneficial to the construction industry.

Real-time monitoring systems such as environmental monitoring, smart farming, etc. uses a wireless sensor network(WSN) that consist of nodes and gateways. The sensor nodes in WSN are usually powered by batteries that have only a limited lifetime. These nodes are deployed in fields and expected to operate for a long time. Due to extensive usage, the battery will drain up soon resulting in energy scarcity. To overcome the challenge, many energy harvesting techniques are used. Several studies have shown that harvested energy is not sufficient to meet the energy requirements of the system in a WSN. LoRa, as low power, long range technology can be a solution to this problem which consumes less energy compared to other technologies. This paper deals with the studies which have done in the area of energy harvesting (EH) in LoRa based systems to minimize the mismatch between the energy harvested and consumed.

Introduction: Maintaining stable haemodynamics throughout oral and maxillofacial surgeries helps to decrease intraoperative bleeding and thus improves the surgical field avoiding unnecessary damage to vital structures and tissues. Dexmedetomidine improves haemodynamic stability when used as an adjuvant during general anaesthesia. Limited studies have been done using low dose of dexmedetomidine for the attenuation of haemodynamic stability perioperatively in oral oncological surgeries. Aim: To study the effect of two doses of dexmedetomidine, 0.4 mcg/kg/hr, 0.2 mcg/kg/hr and normal saline (0.9%) on haemodynamic stress response in patients undergoing elective oral oncological surgeries. Materials and Methods: The present study was a randomised control study. After institutional Ethical Committee clearance, one twenty patients of American Society of Anaesthesiologists (ASA) physical grades I and II aged between 18-65 years, undergoing elective oral oncological surgeries under general anaesthesia were enrolled. Patients were randomly assigned to 3 groups with 40 patients in each group. Group A received dexmedetomidine 0.4 mcg/kg/hr, Group B received dexmedetomidine 0.2 mcg/kg/hr and Group C received normal saline. The infusion was initiated 15 minutes prior to pre-oxygenation and continued intraoperatively till the beginning of skin closure. Parameters noted were Heart Rate (HR), Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP), Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP) and Mean Arterial Pressures (MAP). Any adverse effects during the observation period were also noted. Statistical tests done were analysis of variance (ANOVA), Post-Hoc Tukey’s test, Chi-square, Nonparametric setting for Qualitative data analysis. Results: Intravenous (lV) dexmedetomidine 0.4 mcg/kg/hr effectively attenuated haemodynamic stress response to intubation and surgical stimuli throughout the observation period compared to 0.2 mcg/kg/hr and saline, being statistically significant (p

To assess the effect of planting density and irrigation in cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) during its critical growth stages such as flowering and fruit set on, growth, yield, water-use efficiency and farm income, a field experiment was initiated in a split-plot design in 2011 at Puttur, Karnataka, India. The main plot consisted of three planting densities namely, 5 × 4 m, 6 × 4 m and 10 × 5 m. The irrigation treatments were imposed in subplots as, irrigation at 60% cumulative pan evaporation (CPE), at 40% CPE, at 20% CPE, irrigation once in 15 days, soil and water conservation technique, and control (without any irrigation or soil water conservation technique). The results indicated that the growth, raw cashew nut yield and net income during 5th and 6th year of plantation of cashew increased with increase in planting density per unit area. The average increase in nut yield under high density planting ranged from 75 to 81% compared to normal density planting. Irrigation using drip system from December to March at 20% CPE and 40% CPE was beneficial to increase the nut yield by 53.5% and 34.1% compared to control. The yield increase under soil and water conservation practice was 12.9%, and 59.7% under irrigation once in 15 days. The increased planting density was beneficial to increase the net income and benefit–cost ratio. The deficit irrigation practices were useful to increase the water-use efficiency in cashew. Widely spaced trees showed increased water-use efficiency compared to high-density planting. Overall, the study demonstrated the usefulness of increased planting density and appropriate irrigation practices to increase yield and net income from cashew orchards.