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Magnetic ion-imprinted polymers (MIIPs) are an innovative material that combines the selectivity of ion imprinting with the ease of separation provided by magnetic properties. Recent advancements in MIIPs have shown that they have higher selectivity coefficients compared to non-imprinted materials. The synthesis of MIIPs involves creating specific recognition sites for target ions in magnetic nanomaterials. Various nanomaterials, such as graphene oxide, carbon nanotubes, and silica, have been incorporated into the IIPs to improve their analytical performance for different environmental applications, including metal extraction, monitoring, detection, and quantification. This review stresses the need to develop new monomers with a high affinity for the target analyte and to find supporting materials with groups that facilitate the effective removal of the target analyte. It also explores the influence of experimental parameters on metal determination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, BSA surface‐imprinted magnetic Fe‐Ni bimetallic oxide shell nanorods (m‐FeNi@MIPs@PCBMA) were prepared with the assistance of poly(3‐[[2‐(methacryloyloxy)ethyl]dimethylammonium] propionate (PCBMA) in connection with the surface‐imprinting technique. The Fe‐Ni bimetallic oxide shell layer nanorods (m‐FeNi) with magnetic responsiveness simplified the separation and recovery process of adsorbed materials. The controlled introduction of PCBMA facilitated the reduction of protein non‐specific adsorption. At the optimal encapsulation ratio of 1:0.75 (Wm‐FeNi@MIPs: WCBMA), m‐FeNi@MIPs@PCBMA could adsorb 122.98 ± 5.00 mg/g of BSA within 80 min, and the value of the imprinting factor (IF) was also increased from 1.68 (m‐FeNi@MIPs) to 3.95. In the mixed protein adsorption and real sample separation experiments, m‐FeNi@MIPs@PCBMA could selectively separate BSA. Meanwhile, after seven adsorption–desorption experiments, the loss of BSA adsorption by the imprinted nanorods was only 15.9%, which had good reusability. Therefore, m‐FeNi@MIPs@PCBMA has a broader application prospect in the field of protein separation and purification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Nickel ion imprinted polymer (Ni-IIP) was prepared using microwave-assisted surface imprinting technique with Ni2+ as the template, salicylaldehyde-ethylenediamine Schiff base as functional monomers, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate as a crosslinking agent and alkylated silica gel as a carrier. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to characterize Ni-IIP, which confirmed the successful synthesis of the polymer. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to compare the surface morphology of Ni-IIP to non-imprinted polymer (NIP). The SEM analysis found that Ni-IIP had many holes on its surface and abundant spherule structures after elution, while NIP only had a few irregular holes on its surface. The adsorption performance of IIP was studied under different conditions, including pH, temperature, and initial concentration of Ni. The experimental results showed that the maximum adsorption capacity of IIP for Ni was 24.23 mg g–1 at pH 8, temperature of 30°C, adsorption time of 40 min, and initial concentration of Ni of 30 mg L–1. The pseudo-second-order kinetic equation could better describe the whole adsorption process, suggesting that chemical adsorption mainly controlled the adsorption process of nickel ions. The Langmuir adsorption isotherm model showed a high linear relationship, and the theoretical adsorption capacity was closer to the actual adsorption capacity, indicating that the adsorption of nickel ions by IIP and NIP occurred in a single layer. Selective experiments showed that IIP had specific selectivity for nickel ions compared with Cu2+, Zn2+, and Cd2+. The results obtained from the analysis of regeneration and practical application demonstrate the promising potential of the prepared Ni-IIP for the efficient removal of nickel pollutants from water sources. These findings provide a new approach to the removal of Ni from wastewater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel, cost‐effective strategy for sensing performance enhancement of cantilever‐shaped, mass‐sensitive sensors is presented. The developed strategy relies on the introduction of macroporosity in the recognition unit. The developed sensors are successfully applied in air humidity monitoring as well as in chemical sensing. As mass‐sensitive transducers, polymer microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) in the form of poly(vinylidene fluoride‐trifluoroethylene) [P(VDF‐TrFE)] cantilever resonators are specifically developed. These resonators are modified with a hierarchically structured macroporous poly(2,3′‐bithiophene) film, acting as a sensing layer. The design of the recognition layer takes advantage of the synergistic combination of inverse opal structuring, surface imprinting, and semi‐covalent imprinting of proteins. The resulting cantilever resonators are first successfully tested for air humidity monitoring in the whole relative humidity range (ca.10 – 90%). When the recognition layer is composed of human serum albumin‐imprinted polymer (HSA‐MIP) with a hierarchical structure, it can also be used as a selective chemosensor in a concentration range from 10 pM to 20 µM. The obtained results demonstrate that the macroporosity of the receptor film significantly enhances the sensor performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ribavirin is an important antiviral with demonstrated activity against coronaviruses such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus and coronavirus disease 2019 virus. However, abuse of ribavirin will cause great environmental damage and threaten human health owing to its reproductive toxicity and teratogenicity. Therefore, an innovative detection method is demanded for simple and sensitive detection of ribavirin. This work reports an imprinted colloidal crystal array (ICCA) for ribavirin sensing. The building blocks of the ICCA are ribavirin imprinted spheres, which possess superior binding efficiency toward ribavirin. Benefiting from the highly ordered structure, the ICCA exhibits optical properties which change upon binding ribavirin. The changes in reflectance wavelength enable a fast and label‐free detection of ribavirin between 21 and 245 μmol L−1. Moreover, the sensor shows excellent selectivity for ribavirin detection in river water. Overall, all the results reported in this work demonstrate that the ICCA should be a promising detection tool for antivirals. © 2023 Society of Industrial Chemistry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Molecularly Imprinted Polymer-Modified silica is silica gel coated with Molecularly Imprinted Polymer (MIP) which has cavities with the same shape, size, and functional groups as the template molecule, allowing for selective absorption. Therefore, this study aimed to synthesize, characterize, and apply MIP-modified silica for purification of andrographolide from the Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Nees methanol extract. To synthesize the MIP-modified silica, the surface imprinting method was employed, with APTES, TEOS, acetic acid, and andrographolide, as the functional monomer, cross-linking agent, catalyst, and template molecule, respectively. Modified silica was characterized using FTIR and SEM. Its performance was tested by determining the imprinting factor. The purity of purified methanol extract was tested using HPLC. FTIR and SEM characterization confirmed the presence of MIP polymer on the surface of silica gel. Its imprinting factor was 1.22. Purification results of the Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Nees extract demonstrated that modified silica improved the purity of methanol extract from 1.46 % to 65%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Flexible photonic devices based on soft polymers enable real-time sensing of environmental conditions in various industrial applications. A myriad of fabrication techniques have been established for producing optical devices, including photo and electron-beam lithography, nano/femtosecond laser writing, and surface imprinting or embossing. However, among these techniques, surface imprinting/embossing is simple, scalable, convenient to implement, can produce nanoscale resolutions, and is cost-effective. Herein, we utilize the surface imprinting method to replicate rigid micro/nanostructures onto a commonly available PDMS substrate, enabling the transfer of rigid nanostructures into flexible forms for sensing at a nanometric scale. The sensing nanopatterned sheets were mechanically extended, and the extension was remotely monitored via optical methods. Monochromatic light (450, 532, and 650 nm) was transmitted through the imprinted sensor under various force/stress levels. The optical response was recorded on an image screen and correlated with the strain created by the applied stress levels. The optical response was obtained in diffraction pattern form from the flexible grating-based sensor and in an optical-diffusion field form from the diffuser-based sensor. The calculated Young's modulus in response to the applied stress, measured through the novel optical method, was found in a reasonable range compared to the reported range of PDMS (360–870 kPa) in the literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fabricating hydrophilic imprinted materials with eminent aqueous recognition capacity is a bottleneck problem in imprinting field. Herein, a magnetic superhydrophilic imprinted nanocomposite resin (MWNTs@MIR) was first fabricated on magnetic multi walled carbon nanotube with 2,4,6‐trichlorophenol as virtual template, 3‐aminophenol as functional monomer and glyoxylic acid as crosslinking monomer. Via employing MWNTs@MIR as adsorbent and combining with magnetic solid‐phase extraction, the effective enrichment of chlorophenols (CPs) in water is realized. The SEM, TEM, FTIR, XRD and other characterizations confirm that the MWNTs@MIR has been successfully prepared and exhibits excellent magnetism (separated by external magnet within 30 s) and superhydrophilicity (water contact angle 0°). Under optimized extraction conditions, MWNTs@MIR can be directly employed for rapid and efficient extraction of four CPs in water (the extraction recoveries reach 78 %–92 %), and exhibits excellent selectivity (the extraction efficiency of MWNTs@MIR for the four CPs is evidently higher than that of the corresponding non‐imprinted material and reference compound) and stability (the recoveries of CPs did not significantly decrease after 5 cycles). The research provided a novel, easy and economical route for constructing hydrophilic imprinted materials to realize efficient extraction of CPs in water, and has potential application in the field of sample pretreatment and analytical chemistry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Surface imprinting used for protein recognition in functional cavities is highly effective in imprinting biomacromolecules to avoid template encapsulation during the formation of a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) matrix. Herein, we introduce a facile surface-imprinting method based on two-step spin-coating and photopolymerization to design highly efficient imprinted sites on polymeric films to detect trypsin (TRY). Well-distributed template imprinting is successfully achieved for maximized sensing responses by controlling the composition of functional monomers and crosslinkers in the precursor solution and the concentration of TRY in the imprinting solution. The MIP film exhibits higher sensitivity (−841 ± 65 Hz/(μg/mL)) with a coefficient of determination of 0.970 and a higher imprinting factor of 4.5 in a 0.24 µg/mL TRY solution compared to the nonimprinted polymer (NIP) film. Moreover, the limit of detection and limit of quantification are calculated to be 25.33 and 84.42 ng/mL, respectively. Finally, the selectivity coefficient is within the range of 3.90–6.78 for TRY against other proteins. These sensing properties are superior to those of the corresponding nonimprinted polymer matrix. Thus, the proposed facile surface-imprinting method is highly effective for protein imprinting with high sensitivity and selectivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a steroid hormone, cortisol has a close relationship with the stress response, and therefore, can be used as a biomarker for early detection of stress. An electrochemical immunosensor is one of the most widely used methods to detect cortisol, with antibodies as its bioreceptor. Apart from conventional laboratory-based methods, the trend for cortisol detection has seemed to be exploiting antibodies and aptamers. Both can provide satisfactory performance with high selectivity and sensitivity, but they still face issues with their short shelf life. Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) have been widely used to detect macro- and micro-molecules by forming artificial antibodies as bioreceptors. MIPs are an alternative to natural antibodies, which despite demonstrating high selectivity and a low degree of cross-reactivity, often also show a high sensitivity to the environment, leading to their denaturation. MIPs can be prepared with convenient and relatively affordable fabrication processes. They also have high durability in ambient conditions, a long shelf life, and the ability to detect cortisol molecules at a concentration as low as 2 ag/mL. By collecting data from the past five years, this review summarizes the antibody and aptamer-based amperometric sensors as well as the latest developments exploiting MIPs rather than antibodies. Lastly, factors that can improve MIPs performance and are expected to be developed in the future are also explained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, a modified electrode based on nanostructured molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) for the selective determination of alanine in the urine sample was designed. The MIP layer was coated around silica nanoparticles (MIP@SiO2) by a sol–gel surface imprinting approach. The prepared MIP nanostructures were characterized by different techniques. Nano-sized SiO2@MIP particles with regular shapes were formed. The prepared SiO2@MIP particles were used to design a modified carbon paste electrode to improve the electrochemical determination of alanine. The differential pulse voltammetry showed a significant improvement in the sensitivity and selectivity of the sensor compared to the bare electrode and the electrode modified with non-imprinted polymer. Based on the results, two linear ranges, 10–100 µM, and 100–500 µM, and a detection limit as low as 0.6 µM were obtained at pH = 3.00 and the scan rate of 100 mv/s. In addition, the relative standard deviation of the electrode for five replicates was 3.7%. The applicability of the designed sensor was evaluated successfully to determine alanine in the urine sample. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study presents novel methodologies and materials for selectively and sensitively determining gibberellin traces in licorice to address food safety concerns. A novel hydrophilic imprinted resin–graphene oxide composite (HMIR–GO) was developed with fast mass transfer, high adsorption capacity, and exceptional aqueous recognition performance for gibberellin. Leveraging the advantages of molecular imprinting, hydrophilic resin synthesis, and rapid mass transfer characteristics of GO, HMIR–GO was employed as an adsorbent, showing resistance to matrix interference. Coupled with HPLC, a rapid and selective method for determining gibberellin was established. Under optimal conditions, the method exhibited a wide linear range (0.02–5.00 μg g−1, r = 0.9999), low detection limits (3.3 ng g−1), and satisfactory recoveries (92.0–98.4%), enabling the accurate and rapid detection of gibberellin in licorice. This study introduces a pioneering strategy for the selective extraction and determination of trace gibberellin levels, offering insights for similar applications in functional foods. • A new hydrophilic imprinted resin–graphene composite (HMIR–GO) was prepared. • HMIR–GO exhibits high adsorption capacity and outstanding aqueous recognition. • HMIR–GO can recognize gibberellin traces in licorice with rapid mass transfer. • A high-selective and rapid method for gibberellin traces in licorice was developed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carbendazim is a type of benzimidazole fungicide commonly used to protect agricultural crops. It has high chemical stability and a long degradation half-life, which increases the potential for environmental accumulation. Herein, carbendazim-imprinted cotton fabric (MIPCF) was fabricated for the selective and sensitive detection of carbendazim in orange juice samples using spectrofluorimetry. The imprinted cotton fabrics were characterized using a variety of surface characterization techniques, and the results revealed the grafting of a polymer layer onto the cotton fabric. Furthermore, the MIPCF had a high adsorption capacity of 96.9 mg/g and an imprinting factor of 4.36. Importantly, MIPCF demonstrated satisfactory regeneration capability, enduring up to ten regeneration cycles without significantly reducing its initial adsorption capacity. The proposed method had excellent linearity with a correlation coefficient of 0.999 and a limit of detection of 1.12 µg/L for carbendazim in orange juice samples. The proposed method exhibited acceptable recovery ranges (99.2–100 %) accompanied by lower inter-day and intra-day precisions. It is inferred that the proposed method offers a promising alternative for quantifying fungicides compared to conventional spectroscopic or chromatographic techniques. [Display omitted] • A molecularly-imprinted cotton fabric (MIPCF) was fabricated for carbendazim. • MIPCF showed high adsorption capacity and selectivity towards carbendazim. • MIPCF has good reusability, wide linear range, and low detection limit. • The proposed method was sensitive, simple and rapid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Magnetic multi-template molecularly imprinted polymers (M-mt-MIPs) were prepared by surface imprinting and multi-template imprinting strategies. • M-mt-MIPs have specific recognition sites and high adsorption capacity for five typical chlorophenols. • M-mt-MIPs showed fast mass transfer, excellent magnetic property and thermal stability. • The M-mt-MIPs-MSPE-HPLC method were applied in complicated leather industry samples, showing simple, fast, sensitive, accurate and practical. Magnetic multi-template molecularly imprinted polymers (M-mt-MIPs) were successfully synthesized by surface imprinting and multi-template imprinting strategy, using polydopamine coated magnetic multi-walled carbon nanotubes as supporting materials, five typical chlorophenols (CPs) as templates, methacrylic acid as functional monomer and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate as cross-linker. Compared to non-imprinted polymers (NIPs), the as-prepared M-mt-MIPs showed high adsorption capacity (32.58‒80.63 mg g−1), rapid mass transfer and specific selectivity for the five targeted CPs, which were applied as magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE) adsorbents. Parameters affecting MSPE efficiency were detailed investigated, such as adsorbents dosage, sample pH, extraction time, type and volume of desorption solvent and salt effect. Combined with HPLC-DAD, a simple, rapid and sensitive method was established, showing good linearity (2‒200 μg L−1), low limits of detection (0.32‒0.49 μg L−1), and high enrichment factors (35.2‒108). The developed M-mt-MIPs-MSPE-HPLC method was applied to enrich and determine CPs in tannery wastewater, wet-blue and crust leather, and satisfactory spiking recoveries were attained in the range of 73.95‒109.7% with relative standard deviations (RSDs) of 2.13–8.48%. This study provided a new alternative material and method to rapid simultaneously extract and analyze low concentration of typical CPs in complicated matrices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Magnetic surface-imprinted polymer microspheres (Fe 3 O 4 @MIPs) were facilely prepared. • Fe 3 O 4 @MIPs showed enhanced selectivity, rapid extraction and good reusability for amphetamines. • A selective magnetic solid-phase separation method was developed for six amphetamines in water samples. • The method offers a shorter extraction time for analyzing amphetamines in water compared to other methods. Magnetic surface imprinted polymer microspheres (Fe 3 O 4 @MIPs) were successfully synthesized via Pickering emulsion polymerization, utilizing N-Methylphenethylamine as a surrogate template for amphetamine-type drugs. Fe 3 O 4 @MIPs not only possessed excellent dispersibility and enough magnetic properties in aqueous solutions, but also displayed good selectivity towards six amphetamines, with an imprinting factor ranging from 1.8 to 2.6. The adsorption kinetics closely aligned with the pseudo-second-order model, and the adsorption efficiency exceeds 80 % for each amphetamine at equilibrium. Fe 3 O 4 @MIPs were then employed as the efficient adsorbents for the extraction of amphetamine drugs. Extraction parameters, including sample pH, the mass of adsorbent, and the type and volume of eluting solvent, were carefully optimized. In combination with the high performance liquid chromatography tandem triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS), a selective magnetic solid-phase extraction (MISPE) method utilizing Fe 3 O 4 @MIPs was developed for the detection of six amphetamines in water samples. The limits of detection and limits of quantitation were determined to be 5.2∼23 ng L−1 and 17∼77 ng L−1, respectively. Recoveries for the six target drugs from lake water and sewage samples fell within the range of 87.2∼110 %. Additionally, the MISPE-HPLC-MS/MS method exhibited excellent repeatability, with a precision below 8.5 % at two spiking levels. The prepared Fe 3 O 4 @MIPs possessed the advantages of high selectivity, straightforward preparation, facile separation and good reusability, and was highly suitable for the efficient extraction of amphetamine-type substances in complex environmental water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Magnetic imprinted polymers (MMIPs) were constructed by two-step immobilization strategy. • The MMIPs possessed excellent adsorption capacity for bisphenol A (BPA). • MMIPs-based method was used for detection of BPA in environmental water and milk. Molecularly imprinted polymer with water-compatibility for effective separation and enrichment of targeted trace pollutants from complicated matrix has captured extensive attention in terms of their high selectivity and matrix compatibility. This study focuses on modified β-cyclodextrin is used as a hydrophilic functional monomer to develop magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers (MMIPs). MMIPs were prepared using Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles as carriers and bisphenol A (BPA) as templates using a two-step fixation strategy and surface imprinting technology. The structural characteristic and binding properties of the prepared MMIPs were thoroughly studied. The MMIPs exhibited high crystallinity, high adsorption capacity, fast rebinding rate, remarkable selectivity and distinguish reusability. In addition, through magnetic solid-phase extraction separation technology and high-performance liquid chromatography ultraviolet quantitative detection technology, MMIPs are used for selective enrichment and detection of BPA in complex media such as environmental water and milk. This work provides a new route to construct the hydrophilic molecularly imprinted materials and a new sight on developing more effective sample pretreatment strategies for monitoring targeted pollution in complicated aqueous media. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel covalent organic framework and molecularly imprinted polymer (COF-MIP) composite, incorporating 1,1′-bis(allylcarbamoyl)ferrocene (AC-Fc) as a cross-linker, was synthesized through free radical polymerization for the ratiometric electrochemical detection of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT). The AC-Fc cross-linker was synthesized using 1,1′-ferrocenedicarboxylic acid as a reactant. Subsequently, the COF-MIP was prepared using surface imprinting technique, employing AC-Fc as the cross-linker, COF as the supporter, and 5-HT as the template. The COF-MIP was employed in the development of a ratiometric electrochemical sensor for 5-HT. Upon 5-HT introduction, the peak current of 5-HT exhibited a concentration-dependent increase, while that for ferrocene (Fc) remained nearly constant. By utilizing Fc and 5-HT peak currents as reference and indicator signals, respectively, 5-HT was quantitatively determined. The ratio of I 5-HT /I Fc for the COF-MIP sensor was 4.69, 3.69, and 1.98 times higher than those of non-imprinted polymer (NIP), traditional MIP, and COF-NIP sensors, respectively. The ratiometric sensor with COF-MIP demonstrated a linear ratiometric signal (I 5-HT /I Fc) in response to 5-HT concentrations within the range of 0.2–10 µM, with a detection limit of 0.03 µM. The relative standard deviation of the non-ratiometric and ratiometric sensors was 8.7% and 2.7%, respectively. This methodology was successfully employed for the detection of 5-HT in human serum. [Display omitted] ● AC-Fc as an alkenyl ferrocene was synthesized with 1,1′-ferrocenedicarboxylic acid as a reactant. ● COF-MIP was synthesized with AC-Fc as cross-linker by free radical polymerization. ● COF-MIP was applied for ratiometric electrochemical detection of 5-hydroxytryptamine. ● Both the I 5-HT /I Fc and I 5-HT for COF-MIP/GCE were the highest among electrodes. ● The ratiometric strategy greatly improved the reproducibility of the COF-MIP sensor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to effectively treat wastewater containing heavy metal ions and form comprehensive utilization of resources, we prepared a novel diatom-based Cd(II) ion-imprinted polymer (Dt-IIP) based on surface imprinting technique by using the diatomite as a matrix material and 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane (MPS) as a functional monomer. Through SEM, XRD, XPS, TGA, FTIR and Elemental analysis to confirm the structural transformation and composition changes of the materials during the preparation process. The optimal pH, kinetics, adsorption isotherms and thermodynamics of ion-imprinted polymer for Cd(II) adsorption process were investigated. The experimental results showed that the optimal pH value of the adsorption process was 6.0 and the theoretical maximum adsorption capacity was 5.5025 mg g−1. The adsorption reaction conformed to the Langmuir isotherm model and kinetic data was more suitable to be explained by pseudo-second-order model. Furthermore, the thermodynamic adsorption process was spontaneous and endothermic. The analysis of XPS and FTIR revealed that the adsorption of Cd(II) ions was achieved mainly through the interaction of Cd(II) ions with thiol groups. Compared with non-imprinted polymer (Dt-NIP), Dt-IIP possessed a higher adsorption capacity and superior selectivity for target ions. In addition, test of regeneration showed that the Dt-IIP was reusable and stable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Molecularly imprinted silica nanoparticles (SP-MIP) are synthesized for the real-time optical detection of low-molecular-weight compounds. Azo-initiator-modified silica beads are functionalized through reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization, which leads to efficient control of the grafted layer. The copolymerization of methacrylic acid (MAA) and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EDMA) on azo initiator-coated silica particles (≈100 nm) using chain transfer agent (2-phenylprop-2-yl-dithiobenzoate) is carried out in the presence of a target analyte molecule (l-Boc-phenylalanine anilide, l-BFA). The chemical and morphological properties of SP-MIP are characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface analysis, and thermogravimetric analysis. Finally, SP-MIP is located on the gold surface to be used as a biorecognition layer on the surface plasmon resonance spectrometer (SPR). The sensitivity, response time, and selectivity of SP-MIP are investigated by three similar analogous molecules (l-Boc-Tryptophan, l-Boc-Tyrosine, and l-Boc-Phenylalanine) and the imprinted particle surface showed excellent relative selectivity toward l-Boc-Phenylalanine (l-BFA) (k = 61), while the sensitivity is recorded as limit of detection = 1.72 × 10 -4  m., (© 2024 Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

As artificial receptors for protein recognition, epitope-imprinted polymers combined with fluorescence sensing based on quantum dots (QDs) can be potentially used for biological analysis and disease diagnosis. However, the usual way for fabrication of QD sensors through unoriented epitope imprinting is confronted with the problems of disordered imprinting sites and low template utilization. In this context, a facile and efficient oriented epitope surface imprinting was put forward based on immobilization of the epitope templates via thiol-disulfide exchange reactions. With N-succinimidyl 3-(2-pyridyldithio)-propionate (SPDP) as a heterobifunctional reagent, cysteine-modified epitopes of cytochrome c were anchored on the surface of pyridyl disulfide functionalized silica nanoparticles sandwiching CdTe QDs. After surface imprinting via a sol-gel process, the epitope templates were removed from the surface-imprinted layers simply by reduction of the thiol-disulfide, affording oriented epitope-imprinted sites. By this method, the amount of epitope templates was only 1/20 of traditionally unoriented epitopes. The resulting sensors demonstrated significantly enhanced imprinting performance and high sensitivity, with the imprinting factor increasing from 2.6 to 3.9, and the limit of detection being 91 nM. Such epitope-oriented surface-imprinted method may offer a new design strategy for the construction of high-affinity protein recognition nanomaterials with fluorescence sensing., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Flexible photonic devices based on soft polymers enable real-time sensing of environmental conditions in various industrial applications. A myriad of fabrication techniques have been established for producing optical devices, including photo and electron-beam lithography, nano/femtosecond laser writing, and surface imprinting or embossing. However, among these techniques, surface imprinting/embossing is simple, scalable, convenient to implement, can produce nanoscale resolutions, and is cost-effective. Herein, we utilize the surface imprinting method to replicate rigid micro/nanostructures onto a commonly available PDMS substrate, enabling the transfer of rigid nanostructures into flexible forms for sensing at a nanometric scale. The sensing nanopatterned sheets were mechanically extended, and the extension was remotely monitored via optical methods. Monochromatic light (450, 532, and 650 nm) was transmitted through the imprinted sensor under various force/stress levels. The optical response was recorded on an image screen and correlated with the strain created by the applied stress levels. The optical response was obtained in diffraction pattern form from the flexible grating-based sensor and in an optical-diffusion field form from the diffuser-based sensor. The calculated Young’s modulus in response to the applied stress, measured through the novel optical method, was found in a reasonable range compared to the reported range of PDMS (360–870 kPa) in the literature.

Surface imprinted magnetic nanorod for selective extraction of glycoprotein. [Display omitted] In this paper, combining phenylboronic affinity, surface imprinting, and magnetic Fe 3 O 4 , a novel surface imprinted core–shell nanorod (Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 /MIPs) was developed for glycoprotein extraction. The Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 /MIPs was prepared in water solution using dopamine as functional monomer. The Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 /MIPs showed high binding capacity (175.2 mg/g) and fast mass transfer rate (40 min) toward the template protein (ovalbumin, OVA). In addition, the successful extraction of OVA from egg white confirmed the outstanding selectivity of the obtained material. All these results demonstrated that the Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 /MIPs had broad application prospects in glycoprotein recognition, biomedical research and clinical diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Molecularly imprinted polymer microspheres (MIPs) are used for the separation and purification process of synthetic and natural products due to their high selectivity for certain molecules. In this development, we aimed to synthesize, characterize, and apply MIPs for andrographolide purification. The synthesis was carried out by surface imprinting technique with silica microspheres as a solid support, andrographolide as a template molecule, 3-aminopropyltriethoxylane (APTES) as a functional monomer, tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) as a crosslinker, and methanol as porogen solvent. Furthermore, synthesized MIPs were characterized by Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscope. Based on the results, the adsorption capacity of the polymer was 0.5679 mg/g, while the imprinting factor was 3.9305 The MIPs showed good selectivity against quercetin with a selectivity factor of 3.4305, while the percentage of purity for crude andrographolide (AP) increased from 55.37 % ± 0.69 to 92.92 % ± 0.48 after being purified by the MIPs. The isolates characterization results showed similarity with the standard andrographolide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The imprinted polymers were prepared to absorb dichlorophen (DCP) by using mesoporous silica with ordered pores and high specific surface area. Both scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy results suggested that the mesoporous silica nanosphere pores had a periodic distribution. The imprinted layer of polymers was thin and uniform. The adsorption experiments showed that the adsorption of imprinted polymers was obviously improved due to the presence of mesoporous structure. The maximum adsorption capacity of MSNs@MIPs at 318 K was 91.1 mg/g, and the adsorption process rapidly reached the equilibrium within 40 min. The adsorption isotherm was well fitted by the Freundlich isotherm model, indicating that multimolecular layer adsorption mechanism governs the adsorption of DCP by the polymers. The adsorption of MSNs@MIPs complied with pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Both selective and regenerative experiments demonstrated that MSNs@MIPs can be successfully applied for selective adsorption of DCP.

In this work, a novel superparamagnetic hydrophilic molecularly imprinted nanomaterial for the removal of tetracycline (TC) was synthesized utilizing magnetite (Fe 3 O 4) as the magnetic core, TC as the template molecule, 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) as the functional monomer, and tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) as the cross-linker. Initially, Fe 3 O 4 magnetic nanoparticles (MNP) coated with SiO 2 (MNP@SiO 2) were synthesized, followed by TC molecular imprinting on the nanoparticles. Initially, Fe 3 O 4 MNP coated with SiO 2 (MNP@SiO 2) were synthesized, followed by TC molecular imprinting on the nanoparticles. The synthesis method for MNP@SiO 2 was optimized, and DLS analysis of 10 replicates showed a nanoparticle size of 70.1 ± 5.8 nm, indicating high method reproducibility. The MNP@SiO 2 , as well as the imprinted (MNP@SiO 2 -MIP) and non-imprinted (MNP@SiO 2 –NIP) nanomaterials, were characterized by FTIR, TEM, VSM, XRD, DLS, Z potential, and BET analysis. The saturation magnetization (Ms) values were 43 emu/g for MNP@SiO 2 and 32 emu/g for both MNP@SiO 2 -MIP and MNP@SiO 2 –NIP, confirming suitability for magnetic separation using external magnets. Batch binding experiments conducted in water and methanol assessed adsorption isotherms and binding kinetics, with data fitting the Langmuir isotherm model better than the Freundlich model. The developed MIP exhibited significant selectivity against other molecules with similar functional groups and size. In water, the adsorption capacity of the MNP@SiO 2 -MIP was 23 mg/g, with an imprinting factor of 2.2. Furthermore, the MIP demonstrated good regeneration performance. The material was tested on TC-spiked tap water samples, achieving 80.1 % TC removal with high reproducibility (3.2 %, n = 3). Combining hydrophilic superparamagnetic nanoparticles with molecular imprinting enhances their potential applications in environmental remediation, antibiotic purification, and drug delivery. [Display omitted] • Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 nanoparticles were molecularly imprinted with high reproducibility. • The imprinted nanomaterial obtained Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 -MIP is superparamagnetic and hydrophilic. • Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 -MIP nanoparticles show an excellent performance in water with good selectivity. • Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 -MIP was applied to spiked TC tap water samples with high removal efficiency. • The combination of molecular imprinting on hydrophilic magnetic nanomaterial increases its application potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A rapid, sensitive, accurate and precise micro solid phase extraction method for the determination of Pb (II) in Fish sample by ionic imprinted polymer was developed on the surface of mesoporous silica and based on graphene oxide nanobeads. Extraction parameters were optimized using Box-Behnken design to achieve the twin objectives of quantitative determination and removal of Pb (II). Analytical figures of merit includes a linearity range of 0.01 to 250 µg L−1 (R2 = 0.9931), Limit of detection of 0.003 µg L−1 and Limit of quantification of 0.08 µg L−1. The maximum percentage of lead recovery (98.02% and desirability of 0.802) was obtained at pH 6.92, in 32.23 min contact time by 66.14 mg adsorbent. Accuracy was assessed by analysis of certified reference materials and the average percent recovery for the analytical methods were 99.35%. Recovery experiments after spiking in fish samples (salmon, sardines, yolks and tuna) was successfully carried out and high recoveries were 97.000–101.900% with low relative standard deviations of 0.022–0.016%. The optimal eluent condition was determined to be 25 μl of a 0.75 M solution of methanol-acetic acid. The maximum adsorption capacity, enrichment factor and repeatability was calculated as 16.67%, 89.5%, and 3.21% respectively, which shows the polymer selectivity for Pb2+ adsorption. Ease of use, rapid adsorption and high selectivity makes it a promising candidate for efficient and selective removal and trace determination. • A 3D Imprinting Polymer Based on GO-Mesoporous Silica Nanobeads was synthesized. • Micro solid phase extraction (µSPE) of trace amounts of Pb2+ has been proposed. • The behavior of variables was accurately modeled (BBD) and predicted. • Pb2+ was determined in fish samples using fast sequential-AAS (FS-AAS). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Surface imprinting used for protein recognition in functional cavities is highly effective in imprinting biomacromolecules to avoid template encapsulation during the formation of a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) matrix. Herein, we introduce a facile surface-imprinting method based on two-step spin-coating and photopolymerization to design highly efficient imprinted sites on polymeric films to detect trypsin (TRY). Well-distributed template imprinting is successfully achieved for maximized sensing responses by controlling the composition of functional monomers and crosslinkers in the precursor solution and the concentration of TRY in the imprinting solution. The MIP film exhibits higher sensitivity (−841 ± 65 Hz/(μg/mL)) with a coefficient of determination of 0.970 and a higher imprinting factor of 4.5 in a 0.24 µg/mL TRY solution compared to the nonimprinted polymer (NIP) film. Moreover, the limit of detection and limit of quantification are calculated to be 25.33 and 84.42 ng/mL, respectively. Finally, the selectivity coefficient is within the range of 3.90–6.78 for TRY against other proteins. These sensing properties are superior to those of the corresponding nonimprinted polymer matrix. Thus, the proposed facile surface-imprinting method is highly effective for protein imprinting with high sensitivity and selectivity.

A surface protein-imprinted biosensor was constructed on a screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) for the detection of anti-human immunoglobulin G (anti-IgG). The SPCE was successively decorated with aminated graphene (NH2-G) and gold nanobipyramids (AuNBs) for signal amplification. Then 4-mercaptophenylboric acid (4-MPBA) was covalently anchored to the surface of AuNBs for capturing anti-IgG template through boronate affinity binding. The decorated SPCE was then deposited with an imprinting layer generated by the electropolymerization of pyrrole. After removal of the anti-IgG template by the dissociation of the boronate ester in an acidic solution, three-dimensional (3D) cavities complementary to the anti-IgG template were formed in the imprinting layer of polypyrrole (PPy). The molecularly imprinted polymers (MIP)-based biosensor was used for the detection of anti-IgG, exhibiting a wide linear range from 0.05 to 100 ng mL−1 and a low limit of detection of 0.017 ng mL−1 (S/N = 3). In addition, the MIP-based anti-IgG biosensor also shows high selectivity, reproducibility and stability. Finally, the practicability of the fabricated anti-IgG biosensor was demonstrated by accurate determination of anti-IgG in serum sample. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A close packed imprinted colloidal array was constructed for glycoprotein detection under neutral pH. [Display omitted] Glycoproteins play vital roles in living organisms and often serve as biomarkers for some disease. However, due to the low content of glycoprotein in biological fluids, selective detection of glycoproteins is still a challenging issue that needs to be addressed. In this study, molecularly imprinted colloidal array with multi-boronic acid sites for glycoprotein detection under physiological pH was proposed. Monodispersed glycoprotein imprinted particles (SiO 2 @PEI/MIPs) was first prepared based on surface imprinting strategy using horseradish peroxidase (HRP) as template, and polyethyleneimine (PEI) was used to increase the number of boronic acid groups. The binding experiment indicated that the SiO 2 @PEI/MIPs hold satisfactory adsorption capacity (1.41 μmol/g), rapid adsorption rate (40 min) and preferable selectivity toward HRP. Then the SiO 2 @PEI/MIPs was assembled into close-packed colloidal array to construct a label free optical sensor (denoted as GICA). Benefiting from the high ordered photonic crystal structure, binding of HRP onto the GICA could be directly readout from the changes in structure color and diffracted wavelength. The structure color of the GICA changed from bright blue to yellow with the diffraction wavelength red shifted 59 nm when the HRP concentration increased from 2.5 to 15 μmol/L. Importantly, the GICA was capable of detecting HRP from human serum samples. All those results indicated the potential of the GICA for naked-eye detection of glycoprotein. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The equilibrium sorption isotherms of cholesterol on surface-imprinted Se-containing sorbents based on 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate were studied. The equilibrium sorption of cholesterol occurred on a homogeneous sorption surface of the molecularly imprinted polymer (template content 6 mol.%). The sorption surface had a higher affinity to template molecules compared to the monolayer. An increase in the amount of template introduced during modification of the polymer matrix led to an increase in the sorption surface area of solvated polymers available for cholesterol binding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using diatom as a material carrier, silane coupling agent aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (APS) was selected as the functional monomer, As (Ⅴ) was used as the template ion, and epichlorohydrin (ECH) was used as the crosslinking agent, the imprinted composite material with natural mineral material as carrier was prepared by the condensation reflux method. The results of scanning electron microscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy show that the functional monomer APS is grafted successfully on the surface of diatom, and a stable imprinted pore forms after cross-linking with ECH. There are obvious grafts in the pores and surroundings of the diatom, and the internal regularity of the pores is more obvious. The selectivity coefficient of As (Ⅴ) imprinted composites under different binary systems was obtained by selective experiments. The selection ability and utilization prospect of As (Ⅴ) were summarized and evaluated based on experimental data.

Core–shell structured photoresponsive molecularly imprinted polymers were developed for the determination of sulfamethazine in milk samples. The photoresponsive imprinted polymers were prepared with polymethyl methacrylate containing a mass of ester groups as core, sulfamethazine as template molecules, self‐synthesized water‐soluble 4‐[(4‐methacryloyloxy)phenylazo] benzenesulfonic acid as a photoresponsive monomer, and ethylene dimethacrylate as cross‐linker. Interestingly, the imprinted polymer can specifically adsorb sulfamethazine under dark and 440 nm irradiation, and release it at 365 nm. A series of adsorption experiments showed that the maximum adsorption capacity reached 12.5 mg⋅g–1, and the adsorption equilibrium was achieved within 80 min. Moreover, the imprinted polymers display excellent reusability, with almost no performance loss after four times photo‐controlled adsorption‐release cycles, and the imprinted polymers have excellent selectively for sulfamethazine (imprinting factor = 3.01). In the end, the imprinted polymers realized effective separation and enrichment of sulfamethazine in milk, with a recovery rate of over 97.5%. The material can be used as a solid‐phase extractant in the process of enrichment and separation for the quantitative detection of sulfamethazine in milk samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A facile strategy based on the boronate affinity and polydopamine coating was proposed for the preparation of surface molecularly imprinted polymer microspheres using naringin as the glycoside template. The poly(methacrylic acid‐co‐methyl methacrylate‐co‐ethyleneglycol dimethacrylate) microspheres were firstly synthesized as inner cores by suspension polymerization method, and then functionalized with 3‐aminophenylboronic acid. The imprinted shell layer was obtained by self‐polymerization of dopamine on the surface of boronic acid‐functionalized polymer microspheres after reversible immobilization of naringin. The resultant surface molecularly imprinted microspheres showed good imprinting efficiency and recognition specificity toward the template molecule in aqueous environment. The isothermal and kinetic adsorption behaviors of the polymers were investigated. The results showed that the covalent surface imprinted microspheres possessed homogeneous recognition sites, strong adsorption affinity, and rapid rebinding kinetics. In addition, the surface imprinted microspheres were utilized as the sorbents of solid phase extraction to successfully separate and enrich naringin from Citri Grandis extract, and the recovery of naringin in eluting solution reached 84.4%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, a novel molecularly imprinted polymer was synthesized on silica nanoparticles via surface imprinting approach for rapid, sensitive and selective detection of atenolol in artificial urine samples. For this purpose, silica nanoparticles were firstly modified with methacryloxy group for surface initiated polymerization and then, polymerization was carried out in the presence of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (functional monomer), ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (cross-linker), azobisisobutyronitrile (initiator), atenolol (template) and acetonitrile (porogen). The surface characterization of imprinted nanoparticles indicated that a thin polymer layer was grafted on the silica nanoparticles. The rebinding properties of the imprinted nanoparticles were investigated in detail and the results revealed that the imprinted nanoparticles had high adsorption capacity (32.06 mg/g), fast adsorption kinetics (15 min for equilibration), high imprinting factor (4.14) towards atenolol and good regeneration ability. The imprinted nanoparticles were also used as selective sorbent for selective extraction and determination of atenolol in artificial urine samples. The results showed that the proposed method good recovery percentages (98.6 %-100.1%) with low standard deviations (less than 4.4%). It is believed that the atenolol-imprinted silica nanoparticles can be used as an alternative sorbent for selective quantification of atenolol in artificial urine samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel approach combining boronate affinity with surface molecular imprinting was developed for the specific recognition and separation of ginsenoside Rb1. Firstly, the boronic acid-functionalized polymer microspheres were prepared as inner cores via suspension polymerization using methyl methacrylate, ethyleneglycol dimethacrylate, and 4-vinylphenyl boronic pinacol ester (4-VBPE) as polymerization monomers. Then, the Ginsenoside Rb1 (GRb1) template was covalently pre-anchored onto the surface of microspheres through boronate affinity binding after the hydrolysis of 4-VBPE. Finally, dopamine and polyethyleneimine were used as co -coating monomers to form a thickness-controllable imprinting layer onto the polymer microspheres via in-water self-copolymerization. The key factors affecting specific recognition, including the boronic acid content, adsorption media, and polymerization time were carefully optimized. The resulting molecularly imprinted microspheres (MIMs) exhibited strong surface hydrophilicity. In the aqueous media, the optimal adsorption capacity for the template reached 81.45 μmol g−1, and the imprinting factor was 5.32. The specific evaluation showed that the MIMs had a much higher selectivity for GRb1 than its analogues, and the selectivity coefficients were all higher than 2.4. In addition, the MIMs can be applied as adsorbents for solid-phase extraction to selectively separate ginsenosides from American ginseng extract. The eluting recovery ratios of GRb1, GRg2, and GRd reach 92.39%, 88.90%, and 92.49%, respectively. [Display omitted] • Hydrophilic surface MIMs were prepared based on PDA/PEI co-coating. • The boronic acid-microspheres were prepared via suspension polymerization. • 4-VBPE replaced vinylphenylboronic acid as boronate-functionalized monomers. • The surface MIMs exhibited improved recognition properties in aqueous media. • The surface MIMs could separate and enrich ginsenosides from complex matrix. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inducing residual stress in metallic glasses (MGs) is recognized to be beneficial for plasticity but the mechanisms on how it affects shear band nucleation, propagation and multiplication remain poorly understood. With the aid of experimental and computational approaches, we address this issue by comparatively studying the deformation behavior of two types of MG samples, which were individually prepared by surface imprinting and photo-chemical etching but having similar surface patterns. Results showed that the imprinted MGs exhibit simultaneously enhanced plasticity and compressive strength, while the etched ones show limited plasticity improvement and reduced strength. The enhanced mechanical properties of the imprinted MGs are attributed to the compressive residual stresses generated near the surfaces, rather than the resultant geometrical pits. Finite element analysis revealed that the residual stress induces obvious stress gradient and inhomogeneous plastic deformation, which facilitate heterogeneous nucleation of multiple shear bands near the surfaces. Complementary atomistic simulations further revealed that the stress gradient resulting from the residual stress slows down the shear banding dynamics and causes deflection and branching, which consequently promotes shear band multiplication during propagation. This work uncovers the interactions between the residual stresses and shear bands, which are useful for processing MGs with desirable mechanical properties.

Investigation of the effect of the polymer synthesis method on physicochemical properties of sorbents is one of the topical problems in the chemistry of macromolecular compounds that has high scientific and practical interest. Determination of the optimal synthesis method will make it possible to create sorbents with physicochemical properties that led to the realization of effective sorption. In this work, we investigated the effect of synthesis methods (Pickering emulsion polymerization and precipitation polymerization in solution) of granular polymers based on 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate on physicochemical and sorption properties. The synthesis by Pickering emulsion polymerization led to improvement of the n-propyl alcohol diffusion into the polymer network and to the formation of more homogeneous and structurally stable polymer networks. Creating selective polymer networks by Pickering emulsion polymerization compared to precipitation polymerization in solution led to an increase in porosity, creation of more segregated surface of granules, improvement of binding sites availability at the temperature of 37 °C, and formation of the homogeneous sorption surface with high affinity to target molecules at 25 °C and 37 °C. Selective polymers synthesized by both polymerization methods had the largest values of available sorption surfaces areas for target molecules at 37 °C.

Specific recognition of organophosphate pesticides (OPs) is a significant challenge for analytical researchers. Herein, surface imprinted terbium-based luminescent metal-organic framework (MOF-76) are presented as a highly specific probe for the measurement of chlorpyrifos (CP). A mesoporous molecular imprinted polymer (mMIP) layer was generated on the surface of nano-sized MOF-76 using CP, as template. The resulting mMIP-capped MOF-76 (mMIP@MOF-76) contained specific sites for adsorption of CP molecules, guaranteeing the selectivity of the designed probe. The high porosity of rod-shape MOF-76, as well as the mesoporous structure of the MIP layer improved the diffusion process and caused the high sensitivity of the probe. The detection process is based on the remarkable quenching effect of CP on the fluorescence emission of mMIP@MOF-76. Plotting the CP concentration against the fluorescence intensity (λex = 285 nm and λem = 544 nm) gave a linear curve in the concentration range 10–1000 ng mL−1 CP, with 3.41 ng mL−1 limit of detection. The designed probe was utilized for CP determination in fruit juice and environmental samples. The combination of the stable MOF-based support, as well as its remarkable fluorescence features and specific MIP sites, led to a highly selective and ultrasensitive detection system. Graphical abstract [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A molecularly imprinted polymer and metal organic framework were combined to prepare protein imprinted material. MOF-74(Ni) was used as a matrix to prepare surface-imprinted material with lysozyme as a template and polydopamine as an imprinting polymer. MOF-74(Ni) not only provides a large surface area (150.0 m2/g) to modify the polymer layer with more recognition sites (Wt (Ni) = 42.24%), but also facilitates the immobilization of lysozyme by using the chelation between Ni2+ of the MOF-74(Ni) and protein. The thin polydopamine layer (10 nm) of the molecularly imprinted material (named MOF@PDA-MIP) enables surface imprinting. Benefiting from the thin polymer layer, MOF@PDA-MIP reached adsorption equilibrium within 10 min. The maximum adsorption capacity reaches 313.5 mg/g with the highest imprinting factor (IF) of 7.8. The specific recognition sites can distinguish target lysozyme from other proteins such as egg albumin (OVA), bovine serum albumin (BSA) and ribonuclease A (RNase A). The material was successfully applied to separation of lysozyme from egg white. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we have reported a novel wastewater treatment technique by phenol imprinted bacterial cellulose (BC-MIP) nanofibres with high specificity and adsorption capacity. N-methacryloyl-(L) phenylalanine methyl ester (MAPA) functional monomer was used to create specific binding sites for the template molecule phenol via electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions. BC-MIP nanofibres were synthesized by surface imprinting approach in the presence of different amounts of total monomer (% weight), monomer/template ratio and polymerization time. Then, the nanofibres were characterized by FTIR-ATR, surface area analysis (BET), elemental analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and contact angle measurements. Adsorption studies were performed with respect to pH, temperature and ionic strength, and the adsorption capacity was calculated by using the spectrophotometer. In order to desorb the adsorbed phenol from BC-MIP nanofibres, 0.1 M NaCl solution was used. Besides, BC-MIP nanofibres were applied to real wastewater samples from Ergene basin in Turkey. The suitable equilibrium isotherm was determined as Langmuir isotherm. To evaluate the selectivity of the BC-MIP nanofibres, similar molecules were utilized as competitor molecules, which were 2-chlorophenol, 4-chlorophenol and 2,4-dichlorophenol. Electrostatic interactions were found to contribute to the generation of specific recognition binding sites. The results have shown that imprinting of phenol was achieved successfully with high adsorption capacity. The phenol removal efficiency was reported up to 97%. BC-MIP nanofibres were used 10 times with a negligible decrease in adsorption capacity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel magnetic molecularly imprinted polymer only based on deep eutectic solvents (DESs-MMIP) was successfully synthesized. The DESs-MMIP was constructed by using 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate/tetrabutylammonium chloride deep eutectic solvent (DES 1) as functional monomer, arylamide/(3-acrylamidopropyl) trimethylammonium chloride deep eutectic solvent (DES 2) as cross-linker and bovine hemoglobin (BHb) as template through surface imprinting technology. The obtained DESs-MMIP was characterized by transmission electron microscope, X-ray diffraction, fourier transform infrared spectrometry, thermal gravimetric analysis and vibrating sample magnetometer. Under the optimized conditions, the maximum adsorption capacity of DESs-MMIP on BHb was 229.54 mg g−1 and the imprinting factor reached up to 21.89. The selective adsorption experiments indicated that compared with seven references, DESs-MMIP showed significant selectivity for BHb. The new-type DESs-MMIP exhibited higher adsorption capacity and imprinting factor on BHb than molecularly imprinted polymers constructed with traditional functional monomer and cross-linker in reported methods. The recognition of BHb by DESs-MMIP in calf blood samples demonstrated the practicality of the particles. The DESs-MMIP only based on deep eutectic solvents with excellent selectivity is expected to become an ideal candidate for selective recognition of BHb in complicated samples. Abstract Graphic Synthesis scheme of DESs-MMIP. Image 1 • A new magnetic molecularly imprinted polymer only based on deep eutectic solvents was successfully synthesized. • Two eco-friendly DESs were used as functional monomer and cross-linker instead of traditional reagents. • The MIPs exhibited excellent selective recognition ability to BHb. • The MIPs can recognize BHb in real calf blood samples effectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A carbon dots-embedded epitope imprinted polymer (C-MIP) was fabricated for targeted fluorescence imaging of cervical cancer by specifically recognizing the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). The core-shell C-MIP was prepared by a reverse microemulsion polymerization method. This method used silica nanoparticles embedded with carbon dots as carriers, acrylamide as the main functional monomer, and N-terminal nonapeptides of EGFR modified by palmitic acid as templates. A series of characterizations (transmission electron microscope, dynamic light scattering, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, zeta potential, and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy) prove the successful synthesis of C-MIP. The fluorescence of C-MIP is quenched by the epitopes of EGFR due to the specific recognition of epitopes of EGFR through their imprinted cavities (analytical excitation/emission wavelengths, 540 nm/610 nm). The linear range of fluorescence quenching is 2.0 to 15.0 μg mL−1 and the determination limit is 0.73 μg mL−1. The targeted imaging capabilities of C-MIP are demonstrated through in vitro and in vivo experiments. The laser confocal imaging results indicate that HeLa cells (over-expression EGFR) incubated with C-MIP show stronger fluorescence than that of MCF-7 cells (low-expression EGFR), revealing that C-MIP can target tumor cells overexpressing EGFR. The results of imaging experiments in tumor-bearing mice exhibit that C-MIP has a better imaging effect than C-NIP, which further proves the targeted imaging ability of C-MIP in vivo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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• Surface imprinted tubular carbon nanofibers (SIPTCFs) are first developed. • SIPTCFs have self-driven property. • The structure of SIPTCFs is good for rapid adsorption. • The adsorption amount of SIPTCFs to BSA can reach 541.99 mg/g within 60 min. • SIPTCFs show high selectivity to BSA from mixed proteins and actual samples. Increasing mass transfer rate and adsorption amount are always challenges in the field of surface protein imprinting. In order to promote the development of protein purification, surface imprinted tubular carbon nanofibers (SIPTCFs) with self-driven property are first developed in this paper. The carrier is tubular carbon nanofiber obtained by hypercrosslinking reaction, carbonization and carboxyl functionalization. Bovine serum albumin (BSA) and polydopamine (PDA) are used as template and imprinted polymer layer, respectively. The resulted materials contain cavity and porous tube wall, which make the osmotic pressure difference between inside and outside of SIPTCFs during the adsorption process. Thereby it endows the SIPTCFs self-driven specific adsorption performance. The SIPTCFs have high specific surface area, reasonable pore structure and self-driven properties. They are the main reasons for accelerating the adsorption process and increasing the adsorption amount. The adsorption amount of SIPTCFs to BSA can reach 541.99 mg/g within 60 min. In addition, SIPTCFs can recognize the target protein BSA with high selectivity from the mixed proteins of HSA, Lyz, Cyt C and Bhb as well as fetal bovine serum (FBS). Because of the excellent reusability and separation ability for actual samples, SIPTCFs will be intensely promising materials for protein separation and purification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • A boronic acid-based surface imprinted polymer (MSi-MIP) is fabricated. • The nanozyme (Ni-Fe-MOF-BA) exhibits the properties of recognition ability. • A colorimetric sandwich method based on MIPs and Ni-Fe-MOF-BA is established. • A low detection limit for colorimetric detection of OVA. • Application of OVA allergen detection in vaccines. Ovalbumin (OVA) is the main allergen in vaccines, and the sensitive detection of it could protect hypersensitive people. However, traditional detection technologies usually require natural antibodies, natural enzymes and long analysis time, which is not conducive to transportation, preservation and rapid detection. To solve this problem, the sandwich colorimetric strategy using Ni-Fe-MOF nanozyme linked with magnetic silicon dioxide surface molecularly imprinted particles (MSi-MIPs) are proposed for the first time to rapidly detect OVA in vaccines. The high sensitivity of this strategy depends on the sandwich structure of surface molecularly imprinted nanoparticles, OVA and nanozymes. Ultra-thin Ni-Fe-MOF nanozyme exhibits large specific surface area and more peroxidase active sites. This has enabled the establishment of a specific and stable detection tool for OVA in vaccines. Under the optimal conditions, the assay exhibited a wide linear response range of 2.5 to 25 ng mL−1. The low limit of detection (1.02 ng mL−1) and the short analysis time (20 min) demonstrated the great potential of the strategy for OVA detection in vaccine samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract A novel magnetic molecularly imprinted polymer on a magnetic graphene oxide surface, GO@Fe 3 O 4 -MIP, was successfully synthesized and applied as adsorbent for the extraction of microcystin-LR (MC-LR) from water samples prior to analysis using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). A variety of characterizations have proven successful preparation of this material. The GO@Fe 3 O 4 -MIPs showed high adsorption capacity with maximum adsorption capacity of 1.24 mg/g, fast adsorption rate (25 min) and high selectivity toward MC-LR. The adsorption processes followed the Freundlich isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetic models. Various extraction conditions were optimized. The linearity of the method was studied from 2 to 10,000 μg/L, obtaining a correlation coefficient of 0.9985. The limit of detection was calculated as 0.08 μg/L (S/N = 3), and the recoveries from spiked samples were 86%–113%, with relative standard deviations of 1.0%–6.8%. The developed method was suitable for the rapid and sensitive determination of MC-LR in water samples. Highlights • A facile and green imprinting strategy for MC-LR extraction and detection was proposed. • Dopamine was used to functionalize GO, acted as functional monomer and cross-linker. • Fe 3 O 4 @GO-MIP had high imprinting efficiency, binding capacity and simple separation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Molecular recognition plays an important role in the numerous living systems. Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) are tailor-made recognition particles that can mimic biological receptors and capable of sensitively and selectively recognize specific target molecules. In recent years, application of nanoparticles as sorbent has gained the significant attention in bioanalysis field. Molecular imprinting has performed effectively for low-molecular weight compounds (<1500 Da) and the number of reports on the macromolecules imprinting (>1500 Da) is increasing considerably during the recent years. Proteins are vital markers of some diseases and protein imprinting is one of the applicable tools to generate tailor-made biomimetic receptors with antibody-like specific recognition sites that compared with small-molecular imprinting, due to the variety of reasons such as the large size, structural and chemical complexity, and environmentally instability, relatively little advancement has been done in this field. In this review, the main topics of concern are protein-imprinting approaches, rational designs of protein-MIPs, metrics for successful proteins imprinting, and protein biomarkers. Additionally, we focus on gathering, summarizing, and critically evaluating the reports, which have recently been employed MIP based synthetic nanoparticles as sorbent for sensing and separating proteins. Also, we offer suggestions for future successful attainment in the field of protein-imprinted polymers. Image 1 • Description of protein imprinting and critical barriers to the protein recognition. • Review on the recent achievements of MIP-based protein imprinting approaches. • Introducing the rational designs of protein-MIPs and metrics for successful protein imprinting. • Describing the future studies requirements in the field of protein imprinting and protein biomarkers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]