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The effectiveness of the air pollution mitigation program implementation to reduce CO2 emissions in Surabaya, Indonesia, has not been recognized because there are no studies on the influence of people's behavior toward air pollution mitigation programs yet. Thus, this research examined the influence of people's behavior toward the air pollution mitigation program to calculate the effectiveness of the mitigation program on CO2 reduction and assess the most effective air pollution mitigation program. The research was conducted based on a questionnaire survey of 100 respondents from 31 sub‐districts in Surabaya. Mitigation programs studied were liquid petroleum gas (LPG) conversion, biodiesel conversion, car‐free day, P and P system (emission test and vehicle periodic maintenance), composting, and reduction of plastic usage. The correlation analysis method was used to analyze the data. Based on the results of the analysis, LPG was the most influential program that affected people's behavior because it was mostly implemented by 92% of respondents. The CO2 emission was reduced to 66.38% by implementing the air pollution mitigation program. The most effective mitigation program was the P and P system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The fall of the New Order regime under Suharto (1996–1998) allowed Chinese Indonesians to articulate publicly their Chinese heritage in terms of culture and identity. However, after about 30 years of cultural discrimination and generational changes, Chinese Indonesians face challenges in re-imagining their cultural heritage. What is their imagination of Chinese cultural heritage? What factors are influencing their imagination? This article discusses the imagination of Chinese cultural heritage in terms of learning Mandarin, reviving Chinatown, and developing Kampung Pecinan (Chinese village) in Surabaya. Deploying the concept of imagined communities, this article suggests that different generations of Chinese Indonesians had different ideas of Mandarin as Chinese cultural heritage, while the development of Kampung Pecinan is the result of imagining Chinese cultural heritage in the local, hybrid context. The article further suggests that China's rise is a critical factor in motivating young ethnic Chinese in Surabaya to learn Mandarin, offering the Chinese community an opportunity to explore Chinese culture as a foundation for rejuvenating Chinatown and developing Kampung Pecinan. However, learning Mandarin is driven by pragmatic purposes rather than a need for a Chinese identity. Local identity and hybrid culture are reflected in Kampung Pecinan, where Chinese culture is invented rather than replicated from mainland China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to investigate the impact of lead (Pb) content on stomatal density in Tabebuia aurea leaves across various locations in Surabaya. Samples were collected from three distinct areas with different traffic densities: Campus C of Universitas Airlangga, Menur Road, and Prapen Road. Lead (Pb) content was analyzed using atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). The results revealed that the average lead (Pb) content absorbed by Tabebuia aurea leaves due to vehicle emissions was 1.06 mg/kg at Campus C, 1.78 mg/kg at Menur Road, and 2.35 mg/kg at Prapen Road. Stomatal density in Tabebuia aurea leaves was found to be 119.25 ± 3.605 stomata/mm² at Campus C, 123.88 ± 1.000 stomata/mm² at Menur Road, and 140.92 ± 7.211 stomata/mm² at Prapen Road. These findings suggest that stomatal density in Tabebuia aurea leaves is lower on Menur Road compared to Prapen Road but higher than at Campus C. This indicates a positive correlation between stomatal density and lead (Pb) content in Tabebuia aurea leaves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This thesis examines the influence of the Agrarian Law of 1870 on the existence of the Arab community in Ampel, Surabaya, from 1870 to 1930. The issues addressed include the historical emergence of the Agrarian Law, its implementation, and its impact on the socio-economic conditions of the Arab community. This research employs historical methodology through steps of heuristics, verification, interpretation, and historiography, utilizing both historical and sociological approaches. The historical approach narrates events in chronological order, while the sociological approach reveals social processes using social change and economic development theory. The findings indicate that the Agrarian Law of 1870 arose in response to abuses within the Cultivation System and the influence of liberal thought in Europe. Its implementation encompasses regulations regarding Agrarian matters (Agrarische Besluit) and the granting of Erfpacht rights, which established social strata within Surabaya’s society, placing the Arab community of Ampel in the second tier as economic distributors. This article argues that the repercussion of the 1870 Agrarian Law had implications for the economic and social life of the Arab community, while also fostering the emergence of solidarity against foreign cultural impositions, reflected in the establishment of special schools for Arabs and natives.

This study aims to explain the things that gave rise to the protest movement, the form, and the results of the protest movement of the private village community in Surabaya City in 1910-1916. This study uses a historical method that has four steps, consisting of heuristics, source criticism, interpretation, and historiography. The results of the study can be concluded that the general cause that gave rise to the protest movement was the uncertainty of land ownership status in the private village. Changes in the work system to non-agricultural which made it difficult for the community due to limited skills and education. Eviction of housing caused the Bumiputra community to lose their right to live. The specific cause of the protest movement was the eviction and poverty conditions in the Keputran Lor village which caused feelings of anxiety. The form of protest movement of private village communities in Surabaya was carried out by illegally occupying private land and carrying out various strikes against the fulfillment of obligations. The result of the protest movement of private village was the emergence of slums and poor settlements on government-owned land. awareness of law and national politics. Resistance to village politics which are regulated arbitrarily.

The government of Indonesia is firmly committed to mitigate climate change in various sectors, including municipal solid waste (MSW) management. Several improvements have been made since the implementation of the national policy and strategy for MSW management. However, the impact of the changes on greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction has yet to be revealed. Within the life cycle assessment (LCA) framework, this study investigated the GHG emissions transition in Surabaya before and after the amelioration by taking 2020 as the baseline. Further prospective enhancement by following national policy guidance has also been assessed. The results indicate that the installment of the Waste to Energy (WtE) plant decreased emissions from 1,004,951.5 tons CO2-eq to 430,839.6 tons CO2-eq. Recycling will provide further reduction of as much as 22.0 % whenever a 30 % recycling rate is reached. Meanwhile, RDF production with a capacity of 210 tons of waste/day will give 45.2 % additional emissions depletion. To achieve low-carbon MSW management, concern about waste separation needs to be anticipated by providing more Intermediate Treatment Facility (ITF) and shifting the waste collection method. Additionally, enforcement of related legislation systems and education for the community are indivisible.

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This article introduces a conceptual model aimed at nurturing the creative economy within waterfront cities, spotlighting Palembang and Surabaya in Indonesia as case studies. The model seeks to uncover underlying trends that fortify creative economic endeavors in these localities, presenting them within a conceptual framework diagram. The research underscores the significance of establishing a conceptual model for optimal practices in creative economy development, specifically tailored to fortify the waterfront areas of Palembang and Surabaya. This study utilized qualitative methods in a sequential approach to assess current field conditions, develop a conceptual model, and integrate diverse data sources, including literature, focus group discussions, and in-depth interviews. The article explores the crucial contributions of various stakeholders -- academia, businesses, communities, government, and media -- in driving the growth of the creative economy within waterfront cities. It also emphasizes essential dimensions such as human resources, technology, geography, policy, and sustainability as pivotal factors in strengthening programs that foster the creative economy in waterfront city areas in Indonesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Seismic analysis is very important along with the development as well as the spatial and territorial layout of an area. However, unfortunately, the development of Indonesia's latest national earthquake hazard map still uses the 2017 earthquake database, not yet the latest seismic hazard catalog. This study presents an analysis using a new Probabilistic Seismic Hazard (PSHA) in the Java region, especially Surabaya, which is contains a very complex tectonic region. The Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis (PSHA) includes active faults, megathrust and intraplate subduction, as well as an updated background earthquake source database and attenuation equation. The logic tree method was used to quantify the epistemic uncertainty of the source parameter components. This research calculates the bedrock Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA) with a 2475-year return period for the greater Surabaya area, which has the greatest concentrations of population and business in East Java. The analysis shows the seismic hazard is dominated by the background source in the Surabaya area. The result of this study may be useful for updating the hazard map and attracting the interest of researchers to conduct research related to seismic hazards, especially in the Surabaya area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cryptosporidiosis is a waterborne zoonosis caused by Cryptosporidium, which is a parasite that causes infection of the small intestine and leads to acute diarrhea in both humans and animals. Wild rats (Rattus spp.) are known to carry many zoonotic pathogens including Cryptosporidium. Given their close proximity to humans in urban environments, the likelihood of disease transmission is high. This study aims to detect the Cryptosporidium spp. infection in wild rats in Surabaya City, East Java Province. Intestinal fecal samples were collected using necropsy. The flotation test and Ziehl-Neelsen stain were used to observe the presence of Cryptosporidium under the microscope. The results showed that 69 samples were positive for Cryptosporidium spp. in the oocyst stage, which appeared dark pink with a clear cavity and the size of the oocysts ranged from 2-6 μm. The high incidence of cryptosporidiosis in wild rats is a potential health threat to both animals and humans.

The total death rate or Case Fatality Rate (CFR) due to COVID-19 in Surabaya is high, that is almost twice of the global CFR (1.4%). Utilization of high-resolution data has the potential to explore COVID-19 cases, not only recording cases at the district or city level but also at the patient's domicile level so that they can provide more detailed spatial information. Meanwhile, research exploring the risk of death from COVID-19, especially in Surabaya using spatial point process model, has not yet been carried out. In this study, an analysis of the risk of death from COVID-19 in Surabaya will be carried out using the inhomogeneous Poisson point process model with covariates or external factors used including the density of the COVID-19 referral hospital location and the proportion of confirmed COVID-19 population aged > 60 years per districts. Our model shows that referral hospitals (exp() = 1.03295) and places of worship (exp() = 1.03835) have a significant effect on death risk from COVID-19. So, there is a need for special handling for areas that have a population with a vulnerable age (> 60 years) where at this age the human immune system will decrease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article identifies digital citizenship texts on the web www.c2o- libarary.net. These texts are analyzed using the concept of digital citizenship which was conceptualized by Westheimer and Kahne (2004), namely "personally responsible citizens", "participatory citizens", and "justice-oriented citizens". These digital citizenship texts are narratives about individual and community activism in cyberspace which are uploaded via www.c2o- libarary.net. Each subject of the author tries to construct activism as a form of critically disseminating information and knowledge to other communities but with a narrative that is easy to understand and digest. The writer's knowledge and interaction in the Surabaya space is a determining factor in the narratives that are published in the media. In the end, the published narrative becomes a collection of concepts and ideas that can guide the government and the people of Surabaya to move forward and better life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organizational commitment and spirituality in this study were tested in relation to the concept of evangelism readiness for congregations of churches in the city of Surabaya, Indonesia. The purpose of this research was to find out whether there is an influence of organizational commitment and spirituality on evangelism readiness among members of the congregations of churches in general today. This research investigates the population of congregations in churches in the city of Surabaya, Indonesia. The approach used was a quantitative methodology using multiple regression analysis to measure the effect partially as well as simultaneously between organizational commitment and spirituality on evangelism readiness. Respondents involved were millennials who were members of church congregations in Surabaya as many as 103 people selected by purposive random sampling. The instruments used are the Commitment Organizational Scale, the Spiritualism Scale and the Evangelism Readiness Scale. The results show that there is a strong relationship between spirituality and evangelism, but there is no strong relationship between organizational commitment and spirituality on evangelism readiness. Simultaneously both show a positive relationship. This research proves that there is a relationship between organizational commitment and spirituality on evangelism readiness. The research contribution is as a basic material for the reconstruction of teaching about doctrine and the demands of preaching the Gospel as well as evangelism training in churches because evangelism is the main task of every person who has been saved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The prevalence of Multidrug antibiotic-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MDRPA) has been increasing during the decade And has become attention in hospital patients. This retrospective descriptive descriptive aimed to determine the prevalence of MDRPA and its sensitivity patterns. Data were taken from results of bacterial culture and antibiotic resistance tests from various clinical specimens from patients at Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital throughout 2022-2023. The resistance test was carried out using a Vitek 2 compact instrument. MDRPA is defined as Pseudomonas aeruginosa that is not sensitive to three or more of the following classes of antibiotics: meropenem or imipenem, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin or amikacin, ceftazidime or cefepime, and piperacillin/ tazobactam. The prevalence of MDRPA was 57.0%. MDRPA isolates were also the most common origin from the burn unit and HCU A (high care unit A), mostly from pus specimens and sputum. Pseudomonas aeruginosa sensitivity was best with piperacillin/tazobactam (55.5%), meropenem (54.8%), amikacin (47.5%), gentamicin (46.5%), cefepime (46.3%), ceftazidime (45.0%), ciprofloxacin (44.7%) and aztreonam (43.2%). The sensitivity of MDRPA to antibiotics is much lower than that of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This study showed high number of MDRPA specifically in Surabaya and the pattern sensitivity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa can become guidelines in choosing antibiotics treatment for patients.

Purpose: Intense competition among private universities in Surabaya, including Dr. Soetomo University, necessitates differentiation strategies to achieve competitive advantage in the era of disruption. This study aims to explore the implementation of differentiation strategies as a key to achieving competitive advantage in private universities in Surabaya. Design/methodology/approach: This research employs a qualitative method with in-depth interviews with the Vice Rector IV and the Dean of the Faculty of Economics and Business. Findings: The results identify four main dimensions of differentiation strategy: academic quality differentiation, campus facilities, extracurricular activities, and support services. Suggested best practices include stakeholder involvement, focus on quality, human resource development, strategic partnerships, utilization of digital technology, and continuous monitoring and evaluation. Practical implications: The implications of this research provide practical guidance for other private universities in developing similar strategies to enhance institutional reputation and attractiveness. Paper type: Research Paper

Corrosion of metals is inevitable. One of the factors that affect corrosion is environmental conditions that contain pollutants like SO2, NO2, and Cl- which are found in many industrial and seaside areas. Surabaya is an area that has 2 types of conditions. In addition, Surabaya is the capital of the province where infrastructure development is running rapidly. Thus, this study maps the level of atmospheric corrosion in five areas in Surabaya by collecting corrosion rate data for 4 months with weight loss method using AISI 1020 Steel and SK5 Steel as test metals. XRD and SEM-EDX tests were conducted to compare the corrosion results. The average corrosion rate of low carbon steel was 0,6561 mpy and high carbon steel was 1,2523 mpy. The results concluded that the high level of atmospheric corrosivity of low carbon steel is in Sukomanunggal, Bulak, Rungkut, Pakal, Krembangan, and Bubutan sub-districts. The medium level is in Tegalsari, Gubeng, Tenggilis Mejoyo, Karang Pilang, Jambangan, Sawahan, and Dukuh Pakis sub-districts. The low level is in Lakarsantri, Mulyorejo, Simokerto, Sambikerep, Genteng, and Wonokromo sub-districts. Meanwhile, high atmospheric corrosivity levels for high carbon steel are in Krembangan, Karang Pilang, Bulak, Tenggilis Mejoyo, Pakal, and Jambangan sub-districts. The medium level is in Rungkut, Sawahan, Bubutan, Wonokromo, Tegalsari, Sukomanunggal, and Lakarsantri sub-districts. The level is in Dukuh Pakis, Genteng, Gubeng, Simokerto, Sambikerep, and Mulyorejo sub-districts. This mapping is based on the level of corrosion in each sub-district which is influenced by the presence of industry and its geographical location.

This research aimed to identify ectoparasites infecting farmed striped catfish in Karangpilang Surabaya, Indonesia. Individual catfishes with visible lesions on the body surface and abnormal behaviors were included in the study. Mucilage samples of 90 fishes were examined under a microscope for the presence of ectoparasite on the body surface of the fish, in the area of gills, skins, fins, and tails. Gills were cut with scissors and combed with a tweezer. Skin and fin were also scrapped with a sterile scalpel. The mucus obtained was put on an object glass and was observed under the microscope. The fish pond water was analysed for Oxygen Demand (DO), pH and temperature three times two weeks apart, starting from the day of fish sampling. Results showed that 42.2% (n=90) of samples were infected by ectoparasites. The ectoparasites identified were Gyrodactylus sp., Dactylogyrus sp., Trichodina sp. and Chilodonella sp. Fish pond water in the study site was of suitable quality for the growth of catfish. This study suggested that pathogens other than ectoparasites play roles in the development of pathologic conditions of stripped catfishes in the study area.

Discussions on post-coloniality are often situated either in the centre of the colonizer or colonial metropole or the centre of the former colonized. The local perspective, especially in Indonesia, seems overlooked in existing literature, whereas it could be regarded as the cultural archive of the colonial era to post- independence Indonesia. Edward Said (1994) has said that cultural archives are a storehouse of a particular knowledge and structures of attitude and a reference to and structure of feelings. Gloria Wekker (2016) elaborates on the cultural archive; it has influenced historical cultural configurations as well as current dominant, cherished self-representations and culture. This paper examines the role of two provincial museums in Indonesia: Mpu Tantular Museum Surabaya and the Sonobudoyo Museum Yogyakarta, as cultural archives for each region. Since their foundation in the colonial era by the Europeans and local elite figures, these museums have seen many political changes. This paper delves into the archives and exhibitions of the museums to assess how they deal with their exhibition narratives as a colonial legacy, and to what extent these provincial museums have been involved in decolonization discourse. It proposes another way of looking at the post-colonial situation in Indonesian museums, not at the centre but more on the periphery.

This article delves into the integration of retro fashion trends in chair design within Surabaya's café scene. Employing a descriptive qualitative research approach, this study seeks a profound comprehension of the impact of retro fashion trends on chair design. Data collection methods encompass theory development, observations, interviews, and questionnaire surveys. The analysis is rooted in predefined outcome variables. The study's findings underscore the substantial influence of the retro fashion trend on café chair design in Surabaya. Notably, Generation Z's consumer demand, characterized by heightened consumerism and a penchant for contemporary trends, plays a pivotal role in shaping fashion cycles and lifestyle choices. The enduring appeal of the retro trend, spanning from the 1970s to the present, resonates strongly with Generation Z, especially those who harbor nostalgic inclinations. Furthermore, the adaptation of retro fashion trends remains pertinent as a significant segment of the population still gravitates toward styles from the 1970s to the 1990s. This research reveals that Surabaya's café chair designs adeptly incorporate retro elements, encompassing material selection, silhouettes, colors, and styles. By seamlessly amalgamating these retro elements with contemporary influences, these chair designs effectively captivate consumers, fostering an inviting and appealing ambiance within the café environment.

This research aims to evaluate regional innovations in implementing Surabaya City government policies to reduce stunting rates and improve the quality of public health services. A qualitative descriptive method was used with a case study approach involving field observations and structured interviews. The research results show the success of Posyandu Prima in reducing stunting rates significantly in the last two years. The Surabaya City Government has proven effective in managing this program's human resources and budget. The active involvement of Great Surabaya Cadres (KSH) and non-governmental organizations also contributed greatly to the program's success. Cross-sector collaboration plays an important role in supporting implementation. Institutional characteristics, such as commitment to public health and ability to collaborate, also matter. Theoretically, this research shows that synergy between the parties involved and government commitment can achieve significant results in handling the stunting problem. In conclusion, the Prima Posyandu Program has proven successful in reducing stunting rates and improving the quality of public health services in Surabaya. Additionally, the collaborative efforts between community stakeholders, healthcare providers, and governmental bodies underscore the crucial role of multi-sectoral partnerships in addressing complex public health issues like stunting. This synergy fosters comprehensive approaches that combine local knowledge, resources, and policy support to effectively combat stunting and enhance the well-being of communities. Thus, the Prima Posyandu Program's success is a compelling example of how concerted action and sustained commitment can yield tangible improvements in population health outcomes.

Background: Despite the availability of various effective antiretroviral (ARV) drugs, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection has come with HIV drug resistance (HIVDR), which compromises its effectiveness in reducing HIV-related morbidity, mortality, and transmission. The emergence of transmitted (TDR) and acquired HIVDR (ADR) among antiretroviral therapy (ART)-naïve and experienced individuals have been reported in several Indonesian regions. Therefore, continuous HIVDR surveillance is needed in Indonesia, especially in Surabaya, which is identified as having the highest prevalence of HIV infection in East Java; thus, this study aimed to identify the emergence of TDR and ADR among people living with HIV/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) (PLWHA). Methods: Fifty-eight PLWHA infected with HIV type 1 (HIV-1), comprising 21 and 37 ART-naïve and experienced individuals were enrolled in this study, respectively. Blood samples collected from study participants were subjected to genotypic analysis, mainly towards the pol gene encoding protease (PR gene) and reverse transcriptase (RT gene) of HIV-1. Results: Seventeen PR and 21 RT genes were successfully amplified and sequenced from 29 samples. HIV-1 subtyping revealed CRF01_AE as the most dominant subtype (24/29; 82.76%), followed by subtype B (3/29; 10.34%). Uncommon subtypes, including subtype D and a recombinant containing subtypes B and G genomic fragments, were also identified. TDR for PR inhibitors was not detected; however, TDR and ADR for RT inhibitors were identified in 11.11% and 41.67% of samples, respectively. Two amino acid insertions at position 69 of the RT gene (69ins), a previously never-reported mutation in Indonesia, were identified in this study. Conclusion: Both TDR and ADR have emerged among PLWHA residing in Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia. Uncommon drug-resistance mutations and subtypes were identified in this study. These situations might hamper ART efficacy and treatment success. Continuous surveillance of HIVDR is necessary to monitor both TDR and ADR in Indonesia.

Organizational commitment and spirituality in this study were tested in relation to the concept of evangelism readiness for congregations of churches in the city of Surabaya, Indonesia. The purpose of this research was to find out whether there is an influence of organizational commitment and spirituality on evangelism readiness among members of the congregations of churches in general today. This research investigates the population of congregations in churches in the city of Surabaya, Indonesia. The approach used was a quantitative methodology using multiple regression analysis to measure the effect partially as well as simultaneously between organizational commitment and spirituality on evangelism readiness. Respondents involved were millennials who were members of church congregations in Surabaya as many as 103 people selected by purposive random sampling. The instruments used are the Commitment Organizational Scale, the Spiritualism Scale and the Evangelism Readiness Scale. The results show that there is a strong relationship between spirituality and evangelism, but there is no strong relationship between organizational commitment and spirituality on evangelism readiness. Simultaneously both show a positive relationship. This research proves that there is a relationship between organizational commitment and spirituality on evangelism readiness. The research contribution is as a basic material for the reconstruction of teaching about doctrine and the demands of preaching the Gospel as well as evangelism training in churches because evangelism is the main task of every person who has been saved.

Indonesia boasts the second-longest coastline in the world, with almost half of its cities surrounded by bodies of water such as lakes, rivers, and seas. The waterfront areas of these cities are vital and could be developed as a brand for each city. Two examples of such cities are Makassar and Surabaya, which have been developing waterfront city projects to increase tourism and improve city infrastructure. However, in practice, strengthening the branding of waterfront cities still faces various challenges. This research analyzes the barriers to strengthening city branding, specifically for waterfront cities in Makassar and Surabaya, using a case study method with a comparative descriptive design. The Interpretive Structural Modelling (ISM) approach was used to systematically analyze the barriers to branding waterfront cities and determine the best strategies for strengthening their branding. The identification of barriers revealed 15 barriers, which were summarized into five categories and structured into seven levels. Barriers with the highest value of driver power should be prioritized in problem-solving. Finally, this paper discusses strategies for strengthening waterfront city branding in Indonesia and presents the research findings, including recommendations for policy makers, urban planners, and stakeholders to collaboratively enhance the branding efforts and overcome the identified challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Feline immunodeficiency (FIV) is a disease caused by retroviridae of the lentivirus genus and is dangerous for cats. This virus attacks the cat's immune system. FIV disease can be transmitted horizontally via as saliva and body fluids. 5-month-old black and white Persian cat named Moi, brought by the owner with complaints of vomiting yesterday, refusing to eat and drink, soft stool, no coughing and sneezing, weakness. On physical examination showed a temperature of 40.1 °C with a body weight of 1.5 kg, clinical symptoms were found in the form of gingivitis, canker sores, conjunctivitis, pale pink mucous membranes, fever, flu symptoms from the nose with clear discharge, crepitus in both ears. Diagnosis of Moi Cats based on anamnesis, physical examination, clinical symptoms, and supporting examinations is diagnosed with Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV). Case are treated using a combination of antibiotics, anti-inflammatories, fluid therapy, antiemetics, gastrointestinal linings, immune boosters, blood boosters, and cardiac pacemakers. After 4 days the cat Moi was declared dead due to failure of platelet hemostasis, bleeding, and heart failure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The application of smart-city, which promises better city management in helping to improve people's quality of life, is still inhibited due to the high cost of infrastructure investment. In several Smart Cities, it takes at least $ 30 - 40 billion to convert a conventional town into a smart city, including for data collection infrastructure. Alternatively, low-power wide-area networks (LPWANs) could be considered, but they need more bandwidth to serve data transmission in a smart city. Vehicle Delay Tolerant Network (VDTN) is one part of DTN that employs vehicles as a communication infrastructure that allows communication in challenging conditions and could make it an alternative network for Data Collection in a Smart City. This paper proposes a Surabaya Smart City scenario with VDTN as data collection. The scenario consists of 40 wireless sensors and 50 to 200 vehicles (car and bus) with five Road Side Units that forward data from the sensor to the monitoring server. Furthermore, to increase the VDTN performance, we improve our proposed routing protocol, Spray and Hop Distance (SNHD), with two sprays method (Adaptive and Simple) and data collection support from multiple sources and destinations. The evaluation was carried out using a simulation-based comparison with an increase in the number of vehicles to determine the impact of vehicle density on data collection performance in terms of delivery probability, latency average, and overhead ratio. Based on the simulation results, the simple spray method in SNHD and A-SNHD outperformed the well-known VDTN routing protocol, i.e., Epidemic and Spray and Wait. Furthermore, when the number of cars increases from 50 to 200, the performance of VDTN does not increase significantly as the density of the network increases. It means that VDTN only requires a small number of vehicles to be used as a low-cost alternative network for smart cities.

This research examines the dynamic paradiplomacy practices of Surabaya City Government through its robust Sister City cooperation with Kitakyushu, Japan, forged since 1997. Paradiplomacy, as a guide for foreign policy conducted by sub-national actors, provides a platform for cities to engage in international networks and pursue their interest. By applying the International Cooperation Theory and Concepts of Paradiplomacy, this study employs a descriptive qualitative research approach with literature study and interviews to analyze the successful implementation of this collaboration. The research focuses on the city’s concerted efforts towards achieving a Green Sister City status, aligning with the Sustainable Development Goals and promoting environmental sustainability. Surabaya’s paradiplomatic endeavors complement the national diplomatic efforts, showcasing Indonesia’s rising regional government’s role in international affairs. The study highlights the significance of urban diplomacy in driving sustainable development initiatives through cross-border collaborations.

Within the period 2014–2017, five hail events were reported in the city of Surabaya in Indonesia. Although deep convection commonly develops over the Maritime Continent, severe thunderstorms triggering hail events develop less frequently as specific atmospheric conditions are required. The rapid urbanization in Surabaya might have led to increased heat release to the atmosphere and to the deepening of convection, which raises the question of whether urbanization is the culprit of the recent hail events in Surabaya. Hence, for a selected hail event, we used the high‐resolution Weather Research and Forecasting model to understand the storm dynamics and to explore the role of urbanization, sea surface temperature, and aerosol concentration on the storm dynamics with a total of 11 scenarios. The control simulation reveals that low‐level convergence induced by a sea breeze creates instability. At the same time, the urban heat release enhances the energy supply to induce hail formation and retain the storm's lifetime over the city. A factor separation method revealed that the urbanization (added anthropogenic heat flux, urban aerosol, and the rise in building height) and the sea surface temperature increase contribute to the storm enhancement over Surabaya, producing two times higher updraft velocity, doubling the maximum graupel mass mixing ratio and finally resulting in 15%–30% higher accumulated precipitation over Surabaya, compared to the control simulation. Plain Language Summary: Urban dwellers are vulnerable to intense precipitation through the risk of casualties and damaged infrastructure by flooding, hail and wind gusts. The city of Surabaya was recently hit by relatively many hail storms, while the underlying mechanism remains unclear. This study uses the Weather Research and Forecasting model to explore whether the storms are affected by sea surface temperature, amount of cloud condensation nuclei, and urbanization (building height and anthropogenic heat flux). We find the sea surface temperature is the main driver of the system through the supply of heat and moisture. Next to that urbanization effects enhances the precipitation as well. Key Points: Recently, Surabaya was hit by relatively many severe thunderstorms producing hail events, but their underlying mechanisms are unknownUsing the Weather Research and Forecasting model, we explore the role of sea surface temperature (SST), urbanization, and aerosol content on the dynamics of such hail eventsFactor separation analysis reveals that the combined effect of increased SST and urbanization explains the enhanced precipitation [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Increasing academic resilience is very important because resilience is how individual go through challenges and face difficult experiences. Students who have high academic resilience are those who remain motivated for academic achievement and high academic performance even though they are faced with stressful situations and conditions that threaten their performance. The aim of this community service is to increase the academic resilience of SMAN X Surabaya students by providing materials and sharing. The method used to increase the academic resilience of SMAN X students is by providing material and sharing. Students of SMAN X were assessed for their academic resilience before and after giving material and sharing to find out changes in students' academic resilience scores. After pre-test, students were given the material about academic resilience, and at the end of it, students were asked to form a group that’s been determined and with one facilitator in each group that will guide them. In that group students were asked to share their experiences in dealing with challenging situations they’ve been through. Each group then summarize what they’ve learned from the story of every student within the group, after that each group then asked to present what they’ve learned within their group to the class. The participants were 34 students of SMAN X Surabaya. Results of test shows there was an increase in the academic resilience score from the average score before providing material and sharing of 112 to 116. These results mean that providing material and sharing increased the academic resilience of students at SMAN X Surabaya. the students were more likely to seek help, closer to their classmates, and more calm when faced with problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim: Questions about the origin of coronavirus and its introduction to human beings have persisted. The detection of a variety of coronavirus related to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in bats and pangolins led to the widespread belief that SARS-CoV-2 originated from wild animals and was introduced to humans through an intermediate animal. Thus, coronaviruses from animals, especially those in close contact with humans, have attracted particular attention. This study aimed to phylogenetically analyze feline enteric coronavirus (FECV), feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV), and SARS-CoV-2 found in cats in Surabaya amid the COVID-19 pandemic. The results will provide a basis for developing basic preventive and pet healthcare strategies. Materials and Methods: Samples were collected on physical examinations of domestic and Persian cats (males and females) from March 2020 to March 2022. Samples were collected if there were clinical signs of FECV and FIP based on a veterinarian's diagnosis in several clinics in Surabaya. Laboratory examinations in this study were performed by reverse-transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) with primers for conserved regions of FIP and FECV, DNA sequencing was performed with Applied Biosystem Genetic Analyzer protocol, homology analysis was performed using Basic Local Alignment Search Tool NCBI, phylogenetic analysis was carried out with BioEdit 7.2 software, and sequences were compared with references from GenBank. Results: Samples were collected from ten cats showing clinical signs of FECV and FIP, based on a veterinarian's diagnosis. On RT-PCR examinations performed with specifically designed primers for detecting FIPV in blood, peritoneal fluid, and feces, only one sample showed positivity for FIPV (1/10), namely, a peritoneal sample from a domestic cat in Surabaya. Homology analysis of the FIPV Surabaya isolate showed 98% similarity with FECV and FIPV reported in GenBank (MT444152 and DQ010921, respectively). In phylogenetic analysis, the FIPV Surabaya isolate was clustered together with SARS-CoV-2 of Clade A (MT198653) from Spain, SARS-CoV-2 Clade A (MT192765) from the USA, SARS-CoV-2 Clade D (039888) from the USA, and SARS-CoV-2 Clade F (MT020781) from Finland. Conclusion: This study revealed a relationship between the SARS-CoV-2 viruses that infect humans and cats (FECV), which is an important finding for those keeping cats at home. However, this finding requires further comprehensive support from laboratory studies.

Economic growth is one measure that can determine whether a country's development efforts have been successful. Development is a cycle used to achieve national goals. Population growth, fundamental changes in the economic system, and income equality all contribute to a country's economic growth. To assess these aspects, human development indicators can be used. This research examines the influence of household consumption, government spending and economic growth on human development indicators in Surabaya city from 2011 to 2020. The Ordinary Least Squares approach is useful as conducting multiple linear regression analysis in this research. The results of the research show that public spending and economic expansion have a significant impact on HDI. However, HDI growth is only marginally affected by household consumption expenditure. The research recommends encouraging community empowerment, especially for the disadvantaged in education and health. This should be done in conjunction with increased strengthening of the economic structure and improvement of Surabaya's urban environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inclusive elections involve diverse identities, including gender, minority groups, marginalized groups, and groups with disabilities. These elections provide special access for blind voters, including data collection and voting facilities at their residences, familiarization with special materials, accessible polling stations, and accessible voting equipment. The 2019 Surabaya City Election in Sukomanunggal District was not inclusive due to structural obstacles such as not verifying data on persons with disabilities, not providing outreach to every residence, and not using special outreach materials for disabilities. The research method used was field study, collecting data through in-depth interviews and documentation. The theoretical perspective of inclusive elections was used to analyze the results, revealing that the 2019 Surabaya City Election in Sukomanunggal District was not inclusive. Cultural barriers arose due to the lack of voting facilities for blind voters, leading to despair and a belief that their participation will not have any impact on the election. Additionally, their families did not allow them to attend the polling stations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to analyze the Productive Behavior Model of Public Elementary School Principals in Surabaya in terms of Psychological Capital and Organizational Culture with Public Service Motivation as a mediator. The approach used is a quantitative approach. Respondents in this study were 211 principals of public elementary schools in Surabaya. The data collection tool used is a questionnaire with a Likert scale. The data obtained were then analyzed using the SmartPLS 3.0 program. Testing the hypothesis with the PLS approach is carried out in two stages, namely testing the outer model and the inner model. The outer model test is carried out to prove the validity and reliability of all indicators for each variable. The inner model test is used to test the influence between variables according to the hypotheses previously set. The results showed (1) Psychological Capital has a direct and significant effect on productive behavior, (2) Psychological Capital has a direct and significant effect on Public Service Motivation, (3) Organizational Culture has a direct and significant effect on productive behavior, (4) Organizational Culture has a direct effect and significant to Public Service Motivation, (5) Public Service Motivation has a direct and significant effect on productive behavior, (6) Psychological Capital has an indirect effect on productive behavior through Public Service Motivation as a mediator. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the 1940s, the people of the neighbourhoods (kampungs) around Surabaya's derelict Ngagel industrial estate have made a living by repurposing the remains of what was once one of Asia's most modern road, rail and industry networks. The remains—in the form of leftover fuel, labour and factory parts—are used to rebuild and repair improvised transport vehicles like bicycle‐taxis (becak), minibuses (bemo) and motorbike‐taxis (ojek). The repurposing happens at the limits of a capital‐intensive heavy infrastructure of factories, trams and buses. The limits are those points where such infrastructure fails and a household‐funded mosquito‐fleet of light vehicles succeeds. Repurposing gives those who do it a right to infrastructure by providing the city with much‐needed public transport. In Surabaya, public transport begins at its limits through the improvisations of people who live in the productive remains of capital‐intensive heavy infrastructure. These people live in Surabaya's deindustrialized urban core, where life is made in the ruins of infrastructure through the breaking‐down of it, the reworking of it, the right to it, and the leakage of it—the means through which rank‐and‐file people rather than states and corporations forge infrastructure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Surabaya is one of the largest cities in East Java and the Mayor of Surabaya has played an active role in improving infrastructure in recent years to realize a green city or better known as eco-city. This active role is motivated by the status of Surabaya which is classified as the region with the highest environmental pollution in East Java. The purpose of this study is to find out the environmental impact of the Surabaya Green City Plan implemented by the Surabaya City Government and Kitakyushu Shuangcheng. According to the authors of this study, it is interesting because participation in the sister city program between Surabaya and Kitakyushu has had a positive impact on Surabaya's environment. This research uses qualitative methods and gathers reliable sources as research references. To answer the research question, researchers usedgreen polyt ik theory and the concept of twin cities. The results of the study show that surabaya's city governance is now much better with green open space along its path, which makes Surabaya known as one of the best cities for waste management in Indonesia.

Hipnoterapi merupakan sebuah terapi alternatif dan komplementer atau terapi non farmakologi yang memanfaatkan metode hipnosis sebagai sugesti alam bawah sadar manusia. Banyak masyarakat yang beranggapan negatif mengenai hipnoterapi dan tidak tahu bahwa hipnoterapi tersebut mengandung banyak manfaat. Tujuan dari penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menambah pengetahuan dan mengubah perspektif masyarakat tentang pengobatan hipnoterapi. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian cross sectional dengan teknik non-random sampling (accidental sampling) dengan instrumen penelitian berupa kuesioner online dan menyebar selebaran. Penelitian sebanyak 108 responden, dengan 108 responden yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Hasil penelitian pengetahuan menunjukkan 38,0% dengan pengetahuan baik, 46,3% responden dengan pengetahuan cukup dan 15,7% responden dengan pengetahuan rendah dan hasil pada perspektif menunjukkan 18% responden berperspektif positif, dan 82% responden berperspektif negatif. Berdasarkan hasil pengetahuan dan perspektif responden maka diperlukan adanya pengenalan mengenai pengobatan hipnoterapi untuk mencegah mispersepsi di kalangan masyarakat Surabaya.

The aim of this study is to identify the parasite species and prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites that infect cats hospitalized at several veterinary clinics in Surabaya using the faecal examination method. The type of this research is an observational with research design used in this study is a cross sectional study. The samples used in this study were 100 cat feces that hospitalized at several veterinary clinics in Surabaya and each took 25 fecal samples. This sample examined using native, sedimentation, and floating methods. The results showed 35% of samples positively infected by gastrointestinal parasites with 28% parasites as single infection and 7% as mixed infection. The gastrointestinal parasites that identified in this study were Toxocara cati, Ancylostoma sp., Cryptosporidium sp., Isospora felis, and Isospora rivolta. The results of statistical analysis with chi square test showed that sex and age not related to the prevalence of the gastrointestinal parasites in hospitalized cats at several animal clinics in Surabaya. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper clarifies the changes in kampungs and their houses (rumah kampungs) over the past 35 years based on field surveys of three kampungs in Surabaya, Indonesia, conducted in 1983/84, 2006, and 2016–2018. The major objective is to develop new policies for the Kampung Improvement Program (KIP) and public housing. The main finding is that most of the kampungs have maintained their basic spatial structure and community organization, although the houses themselves have been transformed. Thus, kampungs in Surabaya continue to maintain their unique characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Issues around Christology are never ending. Both from within and outside Christianity the existence of Jesus as God continues to be discussed. From within the ranks of Christians who systematically deny the Divinity of Jesus are Jehovah's Witnesses. Their spirit of visiting from house to house is commendable and it doesn't matter if Christians are visiting, but what makes noise is visiting non-Christian homes. This is a separate issue in a Muslimmajority Indonesia as a Christianization project. On the other hand, visiting Christian households has also created problems in the ecclesiastical sphere. Many have left the church and became members of Jehovah's Witnesses. That is why it is necessary to investigate the cause of such a move. This study uses a qualitative method and a literature study related to Christology and field studies were conducted through interviews with three groups of informants. The result is that the understanding that Christians have, is only built from the belief that 'just believe that Jesus is God'. Even if there is an argument, it is also too weak to be accounted for logically and even easy to break, because the Jehovah's Witnesses even use the original language (Greek) approach, even though only for certain verses that are important to talk about or argue about. Mainstream Indonesian Christians met the group of Jehovah's Witnesses in diverse ways, namely: being randomly visited when they came from house to house, being introduced by friends to help answer important questions, being invited to attend an event held by Jehovah's Witnesses, then also through the printed media which had an interesting design and because of their own curiosity, and then they were ultimately bound. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]