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Family members and friends can play an important role in adolescents prosocial behavior. To better understand the relation between support and prosocial behavior in adolescence, its important to conduct longitudinal studies that distinguish between within-dyad variance and between-dyad variance. The current study investigated longitudinal associations between adolescents prosocial behavior, autonomy support, and emotional support from family and friends across adolescence. Across six annual years, 497 Dutch adolescents (284 boys; mean age T1 = 13.03 years, SDage = 0.46), fathers, mothers, siblings, and friends reported on their prosocial behavior. Adolescents also reported on perceived autonomy and emotional support. Between-dyads almost all associations of support and prosocial behavior of family members and friends with adolescents prosocial behavior were significant, with higher levels of adolescents prosocial behavior being associated with higher levels of prosocial behavior and support from fathers, mothers and friends. Within-dyads, several concurrent associations were significant, but within-dyads links between prosocial behavior and autonomy support are particularly driven by adolescent-mother or adolescent-sibling effects. This study highlights processes that occurred either at the between-dyad level or at the within-dyad level, but that varied per relationship type and that adolescents are the main catalysts in within-dyads changes in prosocial behavior and support. Preregistration: This study was preregistered on 20 January 2020 at https://osf.io/vxkm3/?view_only=dca87fd1585c444ba5cd5a00c22280ae .

BACKGROUND: Navigating the logistics and emotional processing of a patients death is an inevitable part of many physicians roles. While research has primarily examined how inpatient clinicians cope with patient loss, little work has explored how primary care clinicians (PCCs) handle patient death in the outpatient setting, and what support resources could help PCCs process loss. OBJECTIVE: To explore PCCs experiences with the logistics and emotional processing of patient deaths and suggestions for supportive resources. DESIGN: Qualitative study using semi-structured interviews conducted between March and May 2023. PARTICIPANTS: Recruitment emails were sent to 136 PCCs (physicians and nurse practitioners) at three San Francisco academic primary care clinics. Twelve clinicians participated in the study. APPROACH: This study used a template analysis approach. Interview transcripts were analyzed in an iterative fashion to identify themes for how PCCs navigate patient death. RESULTS: Participants (n=12) described outpatient death notification as inconsistent, delayed, and rife with uncertainty regarding subsequent actions. They felt various emotions, notably sadness and guilt, especially with deaths of young, vulnerable patients or those from preventable illnesses. Participants identified strategies for emotional processing and recommended improvements including clear procedural guidance, peer debriefings, and formal acknowledgements of deceased patients. CONCLUSIONS: Interviewing PCCs about their experiences following a patient death revealed key themes in logistical and emotional processing, and clinic resource recommendations to better support PCCs. Given the distinct characteristics of primary care-such as enduring patient relationships, greater isolation in ambulatory settings compared to inpatient environments, and rising burnout rates-enhancing guidance and support for PCCs is crucial to mitigate administrative burdens and grief after patient loss.

Although newborn intensive care (NICU) research highlights the mental health and support needs of parents, a majority of the research and interventions focus on the needs of the mother. Engaging and partnering with male caregivers (like female caregivers) in the care of their NICU infants yields positive health outcomes for the infant and better mental health outcomes for the father. Yet there are few articles about male NICU caregiving experiences, and scant articles exploring the mental health and support needs of Black NICU fathers. Utilizing two case studies of Black fathers, this paper will identify their mental health needs. This article will outline and integrate the Recommendation for Psychosocial Support of NICU Families and existing literature to these case studies. Based on their unique needs, NICU providers must do more to engage Black fathers and explore alternative models of care that are culturally aware for psychosocial support. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction Methods Results Conclusions Professional Supervision (PS) is a common approach used to reduce the fallout from stress and burnout. It involves monthly face‐to‐face meetings between a supervisor and supervisee to address well‐being and professional goals. This pilot study examines 12 radiation therapists (RTs) perceptions of participating in PS.Conducted in the Christchurch Radiation Oncology Centre, this mixed‐methods pilot study introduced PS in March 2022. In August 2023, 12 RTs completed a QUALTRICS online questionnaire consisting of 33 questions, including the Supervisor Working Alliance Inventory (SWAI). The SWAI assessed the alliance of supervision from a supervisee's perspective and comprised of 19 questions on a 7‐point Likert scale and nine yes/no statements with optional comments. Five demographic questions were also included.All 12 RTs completed the questionnaire, with quantitative results indicating a positive alliance between supervisors and supervisees. RTs found PS to be a safe and comfortable space for reflective practice and support. Thematic analysis of qualitative data from additional comments revealed PS enabled RTs to reflect on career achievements, appreciate highlights of being an RT and consider future career paths within the profession.Radiation therapists responded positively to PS, suggesting its potential in managing workplace stressors, promoting career advancement and providing dedicated time for reflection, support and guidance. RTs endorsed the efficacy of PS in enhancing their practice and advocated for its widespread adoption among RTs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractPurposeMaterials and MethodsResultsConclusions\nIMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATIONThis study aimed to explore healthcare providers’ perceptions of support provision for people who have experienced stroke.A qualitative descriptive study was conducted. Snowball sampling was used to recruit Australian healthcare workers providing care to people with stroke. Semi-structured one-on-one interviews were audiotaped and transcribed. An inductive thematic analysis of all transcripts was undertaken by two authors.Fourteen participants who worked across the care continuum in three Australian states were interviewed. Responses fit into three overarching themes: (1) attitudes to supports; (2) availability and accessibility of supports; and (3) awareness of supports. These themes encompassed perceptions of the support options available for people with stroke and the factors affecting support provision decision making among healthcare providers.The healthcare providers in this study thought people with stroke would benefit from a greater range of available supports. Supports should take into account the diverse experiences and acute and long-term needs of people with stroke, as well as be accessible to people from all cultural, linguistic, and socioeconomic backgrounds. Healthcare providers and people who have experienced stroke may benefit from a roadmap for post-stroke support that clearly outlines where responsibility lies for support provision.Healthcare providers across the care continuum feel that current post-stroke supports and services do not adequately serve the diversity of experiences and needs of stroke survivors.Stroke survivors who do not attend rehabilitation, including those with “mild” stroke or who do not fit within limb-focused rehabilitation services, may be missing out on key post-stroke information and support.The development of a roadmap for post stroke support that identifies minimum support provisions and where responsibility lies for provision could benefit healthcare providers, stroke survivors and their carers.Healthcare providers across the care continuum feel that current post-stroke supports and services do not adequately serve the diversity of experiences and needs of stroke survivors.Stroke survivors who do not attend rehabilitation, including those with “mild” stroke or who do not fit within limb-focused rehabilitation services, may be missing out on key post-stroke information and support.The development of a roadmap for post stroke support that identifies minimum support provisions and where responsibility lies for provision could benefit healthcare providers, stroke survivors and their carers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adolescents are often reluctant to disclose experiences of sexual abuse in forensic interviews. In these situations, there is consensus that interviewers should respond supportively, yet they appear to have considerable difficulty doing so. In the current study, we sought to provide practical guidance on how interviewers can adopt a supportive approach when interviewees are reluctant. Twenty-one expert interviewers were asked how they engage and support adolescents who are reluctant to share information when sexual abuse is suspected. The findings indicate that the expert interviewers approach reluctance by leaning into and exploring the interviewee’s perspective, and tailor their response based on an awareness of the unique needs of the interviewee. Several key support strategies were identified to facilitate this approach. The findings of this study provide practical guidance for how interviewers can approach reluctant interviewees, while also generating novel directions for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Aim Design Methods Results Conclusion Implications for the Profession and/or Patient Care Impact Reporting Method Patient or Public Contribution To investigate the experiences of people with Parkinson's disease in coping with and adapting to their disease and to identify considerations for a tailored self‐management support program.A descriptive phenomenological focus group study.Five semi‐structured focus groups were conducted between April 2023 and June 2023 in the Netherlands, with 12 people with Parkinson's disease. Two researchers independently performed an inductive content analysis.Three principal categories emerged: (1) Rational realisation versus emotional experience: the coping strategy transition. This category includes three main coping strategies: denial or avoidance coping, acknowledging with less active coping and proactive and task‐oriented coping. (2) Factors that influence coping, including mindset and skills, social circles and communication and access to support and care. (3) Considerations for successful self‐management of Parkinson's disease, highlighting key areas such as psycho‐emotional guidance, nutrition and lifestyle, peer support and maintaining autonomy and sense of identity.Coping and adaptation strategies are individual and dynamic processes, with multiple key or turning points during the transition between strategies. Tailored self‐management support can enhance coping abilities during these transitions, fostering adaptation to a life with Parkinson's disease.A patient‐focused version of an existing blended self‐management support program for family caregivers will be developed, which will be delivered by healthcare professionals.This study can help healthcare professionals tailor support for people with Parkinson's disease, emphasising their role in facilitating coping and adaptation. Enhancing self‐management can improve self‐efficacy, quality of life and potentially reduce healthcare utilisation in people with Parkinson's disease.Findings are reported according to the COREQ guidelines.Patients and Parkinson's disease experts participated in the preparation and implications of the findings. All participants could contribute to the self‐management support program, either through video interviews or content feedback. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives To assess how the role of neighbors and friends in people's networks changes with age and how this is affected by cohort, marriage, employment, and socioeconomic status. The hypothesis is that for most aspects of the network, friends lose "importance" as people become older, with neighbors gradually becoming more dominant in the nonkin network. Methods Data are used for people aged 55–90 between 1999 and 2019 from the Swiss Household Panel (N  = 5,585). A total of 4 network aspects were measured: size, contact, practical support, and emotional support. Measures for neighbors and friends were compared and analyzed with fixed-effects and hybrid-effects regression models on person-year observations. Results The sizes of both network segments declined with age but more strongly for friends than neighbors. Contact with friends was stable but contact with neighbors increased. Support from friends declined whereas support from neighbors was stable. Direct comparisons revealed that the relative share of neighbors vis-à-vis friends increased as people age. Friends were more common and supportive vis-à-vis neighbors for divorced and widowed people than for married people, but this gap declined with age. The share of neighbors increased with retirement, especially for men. The share of neighbors vis-à-vis friends was also larger for people with less income and education and this gap did not change with age. Discussion In the nonkin part of older adults' networks, proximity eventually becomes dominant. This finding is interpreted in terms of rising needs, greater opportunity for local contact, and friend mortality risks, all favoring the neighbor segment of the network. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article forms part of research into the role of support offered to children and youth by different community agents during the pandemic. In order to carry out the research, an online questionnaire was designed and administered between October 2021 and January 2022, to which 1,216 people in Catalonia (Spain) aged between 9 and 18 years responded. This article presents the results of the analysis of the open questions, in which participants specified the type of support and help they had received. The results show that the support offered by schools mainly focused on the continuity of the learning process; that the family was a main source of emotional support; and that communal leisure activities contributed to health and recreation. It concludes underlining the importance of the community, and the need to strengthen the complementarity of the various surroundings as support providers when situations of generalized adversity arise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although caregiving responsibilities and need for support persist and evolve across the life course in families with autistic youth or youth with other developmental disabilities (DDs), little is known about support during their child's adulthood years. Therefore, the present study used a mixed-methods approach to examine change and stability in formal and informal family support across the transition to adulthood. Caregivers of 126 individuals with autism or DDs completed a modified version of the Family Support Scale, including open-ended questions, at five time points from adolescence (age 16) into young adulthood (age 22). Caregivers reported that informal support from family members was the most frequently used, helpful, and valued source of support with relative stability across time. In contrast, the reported helpfulness, use, and value of formal support (e.g., professionals, schools) for caregivers declined over time. Qualitative content analyses revealed characteristics of highly valued support included support type (e.g., instrumental or emotional) and features of the support source (e.g., their understanding). There was a shift to valuing emotional support more than instrumental support over time, especially for caregivers of less able adults. Partnership and dependability emerged as highly valued features of the support source. These findings fit within a social convoy perspective and likely reflect the "service cliff" experienced by autistic individuals or people with DDs and their families. As social networks shrink over time and formal services are less readily available in adulthood, remaining sources of support, particularly from family members, become increasingly important. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Navigating the logistics and emotional processing of a patient's death is an inevitable part of many physicians' roles. While research has primarily examined how inpatient clinicians cope with patient loss, little work has explored how primary care clinicians (PCCs) handle patient death in the outpatient setting, and what support resources could help PCCs process loss. Objective: To explore PCCs' experiences with the logistics and emotional processing of patient deaths and suggestions for supportive resources. Design: Qualitative study using semi-structured interviews conducted between March and May 2023. Participants: Recruitment emails were sent to 136 PCCs (physicians and nurse practitioners) at three San Francisco academic primary care clinics. Twelve clinicians participated in the study. Approach: This study used a template analysis approach. Interview transcripts were analyzed in an iterative fashion to identify themes for how PCCs navigate patient death. Results: Participants (n=12) described outpatient death notification as inconsistent, delayed, and rife with uncertainty regarding subsequent actions. They felt various emotions, notably sadness and guilt, especially with deaths of young, vulnerable patients or those from preventable illnesses. Participants identified strategies for emotional processing and recommended improvements including clear procedural guidance, peer debriefings, and formal acknowledgements of deceased patients. Conclusions: Interviewing PCCs about their experiences following a patient death revealed key themes in logistical and emotional processing, and clinic resource recommendations to better support PCCs. Given the distinct characteristics of primary care—such as enduring patient relationships, greater isolation in ambulatory settings compared to inpatient environments, and rising burnout rates—enhancing guidance and support for PCCs is crucial to mitigate administrative burdens and grief after patient loss. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The age of the onset of menstruation, termed menarche, has been declining for decades worldwide. Approximately 12% of Australian girls reach menarche between eight to 11 years of age. Current health and physical education subject guidelines from the Australian Curriculum Assessment and Reporting Authority state that puberty education should be introduced to students between year levels five to six (ages 10–12) when many have already begun puberty. To explore how girls experiencing early menarche are currently supported in Australian primary schools, semi-structured telephone interviews were conducted with 15 primary school staff from separate schools, including teachers, principals, a school services officer, and a school counsellor. Thematic analysis identified three main themes, (1) the prevalence of deficit models of early menarche and children's capacity to know; (2) gendered gatekeeping of menstruation knowledge; and (3) systemic barriers and inconsistencies in menstruation education. Our analysis complements but extends recent calls for improvements to menstruation education in Australian schools. Affirmative menstrual support practices and facilities are needed in primary schools to normalise and encourage conversations with students about menarche and menstruation irrespective of age, gender, class or culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the experiences of living with glioblastoma from the perspective of patients themselves as well as their closest relatives, focusing on the changes in the life situation and the need for support. Methods: Twenty-two semi-structured interviews were conducted with 12 patients (mean age 61 years, 7 male, 5 female) and 10 relatives (mean age 56 years, 3 male, 7 female). The relatives comprised of partners (n = 7), child (n = 1), sister (n = 1), or friend (n = 1). Questions focused on changes in the life situation and support needed to face these changes. Data was analyzed using inductive qualitative content analysis (QCA). Results: Living with glioblastoma dramatically changes the lives of both patients and relatives. Cognitive symptoms (e.g., speech and memory disturbances), deterioration of physical function (e.g., paresis), and psychological function (e.g., behavioral changes, anxiety) can lead to impaired family dynamics, social isolation, and fear of the future. Support from other family members, friends, and healthcare professionals is crucial. Timely, tangible, and easily available support from the healthcare system the entire disease trajectory is sought after, enabling individualized care with emotional support, clearer information, and faster feedback. Conclusion: The changes in life situations faced by patients with glioblastoma and their closest relatives are dramatic and underline the importance of providing integrated care throughout the entire healthcare continuum, encompassing specialist neuro-oncological care, municipal support, and palliative care. Individualized support for both patients and relatives can enhance the sense of safety amid the chaos in their life situation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The aim of this study is to explore how immigrant women and men from India construct mental health and mental illness in the perinatal period. Design: Qualitative interpretive design. Methods: Data were collected by conducting in‐depth interviews with 19 participants. Photo elicitation, free listing and pile sorting were used during the interviews. Purposive sampling was used, and data were collected in 2018 and 2019. Data were analysed using thematic analysis. Finding/Results: One major theme and three subthemes were identified. 'We do not talk about it' was the major theme and the subthemes: (1) 'living peacefully and feeling happy' described the views on mental health; (2) 'that's the elephant in the room still' captures how participants felt when talking about mental illness; and (3) 'why don't we talk about it' offers reasons why the Indian community does not talk about mental health and illness. Conclusion: The findings of this study have highlighted the importance of understanding the impact of immigration and being culturally sensitive when assessing mental health in the perinatal period. Impact: The findings of this study identify some of the reasons for non‐disclosure of mental health issues by immigrants. Incorporating these findings during psychosocial assessment by health professionals in the perinatal period will help translate the cultural aspects into more effective communication. Patient or Public Contribution: Patient and public contribution to the study was provided by the Community Stakeholders Group; these were members of the immigrant community from India who had expertise in mental health. They contributed to the study design and the key terms and phrases for the free list used in interviews. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Marital status is a commonly reported demographic variable in scientific literature. Numerous reports suggested difference in the medical outcomes of patients when stratified based on marital status. Although many reports suggested that married patient exhibit improved survival when compared to their counterparts, other reports could not replicate similar conclusions. Purpose: determine whether marital status plays a role in the postoperative outcomes of elective abdominoplasty patients. Methods: The medical records of all abdominoplasty patients operated by a single surgeon over the course of 20 years were reviewed. Information regarding the preoperative state of patients, surgical procedure, and postoperative outcomes was evaluated in respect to the patients marital status. Results: Seven-hundred and twelve patients were included in this study, of whom 516 (%) were married. No difference in preoperative characteristics, medical background, surgical procedure or concomitant surgeries was found. Analysis of adverse events did not demonstrate a statistically significant association with marital status. Additionally, when all unwed patients were grouped together, the results did not differ. Conclusion: Marital status does not play a critical role in the postoperative outcomes of patients undergoing elective abdominoplasties for cosmetic indications. Level of Evidence III: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and acquired immunodeficiency deficiency syndrome (AIDS) epidemic have left an overwhelming impact on communities worldwide, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa, where its effects on family structures are particularly pronounced. Caregivers of HIV/AIDS orphans encounter challenges in fulfilling their caring duties. Consequently, they rely on the outreach team leaders (OTLs) for support to care for HIV/AIDS orphans. Aim: This study aimed to explore and describe support provided by OTLs to caregivers of HIV/AIDS orphans in the North West Province of South Africa. Methods: The exploratory, descriptive, and contextual design meaning the study was conducted was in the contexts where caregivers of HIV/AIDS orphans reside. The study was conducted in five local municipalities in the Ngaka Modiri Molema district of the North West Province of South Africa. Ward-based outreach nurses were participants in the study. Semi-structured focus group interviews were used for data collection. Thematic analysis was used to analyze data. Throughout the study, ethical principles were adhered to. The study also adhered to four trustworthiness principles: credibility, confirmability, transferability, and dependability. Results: Three main themes emerged from this study: the conduction of home visits to caregivers of HIV/AIDS orphans, the coordination of a multidisciplinary team for support, and the facilitation of support groups. Conclusions: This study revealed that that caregivers of children orphaned by HIV/AIDS benefitted from the support provided by OTLs in the North West province of South Africa. The support provided by OTLs harnessed positive relationship between caregivers and children orphaned by HIV/AIDS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The innovation of high‐performance, stable electrocatalysts for clean energy systems faces significant challenges. Metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs), with their porous nature, flexible structures, and homogeneous active site dispersion, have gained interest as unique precursors for carbon‐based catalysts. MOFs' properties significantly enhance catalytic performance in fuel cells. This review highlights recent advancements in MOF design for oxygen electrocatalysis in fuel cells, while also discussing perspectives for future material innovations to improve catalytic activity in this emerging field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the COVID-19 pandemic, older people were identified as requiring additional support and protection. This multi-method qualitative study shifts this narrative by asking: how did older people contribute to the COVID-19 public health response? We conducted a reflexive thematic analysis of responses from 870 letter-writers and 44 interviewees who were older people living in Aotearoa, New Zealand during the COVID-19 pandemic. Older people made substantial contributions during the COVID-19 pandemic through: 1) volunteering; 2) nurturing; and 3) advocacy/activism. We argue that policy makers should take seriously the ways older people were providers of help and support in this period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In response to the growing need for self-directed learning (SDL) skills in a rapidly changing world, research was conducted to map interventions that support SDL skills, aiming to find a model for supporting SDL skills in NEETyouth. SDL competencies support continuous personal development and coping with change. There is a significant number of young people in society who do not participate in working life, education, or training (NEET-youth) and are characterized by a low level of education. Little has been done to support SDL skills interventions for them; however, bringing young people back to the education path is a crucial issue. This raises important questions about which supportive approach and tools are most beneficial for developing SDL skills in NEET-youth, and how best to implement them. This literature review is based on the analysis of 25 articles. The results of the study showed that SDL interventions have not been used for NEET-youth, and therefore, the new model was created. In the case of NEET-youth the SDL intervention should be seen as a non-formal learning process that combines various activities that enable self-reflection and real-life experiences for acquiring new positive learning experiences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim Design Methods Results Conclusion Implications for Practice Patient or Public Contribution To explore the experiences of significant others of adult patients with severe burn injury in the Intensive Care Unit. Specifically, this study explored the strategies implemented by significant others and obstacles faced that served to protect or placed them at risk of psychological sequelae during their experience of trauma.A qualitative study using a Narrative Inquiry approach was undertaken.Individual semi‐structured interviews were conducted with 17 participants during 2021–2022, who were a significant other of an adult patient in ICU with severe burn injury. These participants were recruited from the two major severe burns receiving hospitals in New South Wales, Australia. Participants' stories were analysed using a narrative analysis approach informed by Polkinghorne. The COREQ guideline was used in reporting.As each participant navigated the traumatic experience of supporting a loved one with a severe burn injury, they faced unique obstacles to maintaining their own mental health and well‐being. They employed strategies that were likely to protect them on this journey. Psychologically protective factors included taking back control, coexisting in the trauma with the patient and forging a trauma bond. These strategies effectively contained the trauma and protected others (such as children, extended family and friends). While this allowed significant others an element of control, it also effectively isolated them from the support of family and friends.This study shows that significant others may also experience personal trauma and may not recognize this as they focus all their attention on supporting the patient with the burn injury.With increased awareness of both protective and risk factors, support can be directed towards enhancing protective factors and addressing risk factors, thereby decreasing their impact and improving support for significant others.No patient or public contribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social media platforms such as Reddit allow users to share information and find support about different topics. The present research investigated the topics, sentiments, and emotions discussed in a subreddit about social anxiety prior to and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) was used to discover latent topics from the data. Sentiment and emotion analyses were performed on the posts and comments associated with each topic. Two-proportions z-tests were computed to investigate whether the percentage of positive, negative, and neutral sentiments expressed in posts and comments for each topic differed between the period prior to and during COVID-19. Thirteen topics about social interactions, coping mechanisms, and physiological and cognitive aspects of social anxiety emerged: (1) Miscellaneous, (2) Interacting with others, (3) Family and time, (4) Medication and receiving help, (5) Physical features and appearance, (6) At work, (7) Physical sensations and cognitive aspects, (8) School activities, (9) Dating, (10) Communicating and asking questions, (11) Social media, (12) Stressful behaviors, and (13) Substances. There was no difference in the sentiment of posts and comments between the two time periods, with the exception of a few topics for which there were more neutral comments and fewer positive comments prior to the pandemic. The three most prominent emotions expressed were anticipation, trust, and fear. These findings inform on the topics discussed in an online community about social anxiety, and on differences in the sentiment expressed about those topics prior to and during the pandemic. Future research can investigate causal associations between the COVID-19 pandemic and online discussions about social anxiety, as well as the clinical implications of interacting in such online communities for individuals struggling with social anxiety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Foster parents encounter significant and diverse obstacles in receiving support when caring for children affected by relational trauma and mental illness. These issues extend to their interactions with welfare systems, mental health professionals and personal networks. This study is aimed at understanding foster parents' needs in navigating the support systems and finding a balance in their responsibilities. To address this, we conducted interviews with 22 foster parents caring for children receiving mental health treatment in a specialized outpatient clinic in Norway. We present the findings as a general meaning structure comprising four interconnected constituents: (1) the challenge of being an ‘employee’ and a parent, (2) encounters marked by inadequate information, (3) wanting a closer relationship with the child welfare services and (4) feeling a need for confidential conversations and support. This study underscores foster parents' struggle with systems that fail to provide adequate child information and holistic support, highlighting a pressing need for context‐aware and tailored systemic improvements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To explore the literature on carer-supported home-based exercise programs for people after stroke, as a form of physical activity. The review focus was to examine the training carers receive, the content of programs, and investigate the physical activity levels and functional mobility of people after stroke. Materials and Methods: A scoping review was undertaken, guided by Joanna Briggs Institute methodology. The concept of home-based carer-supported exercise, in people after stroke, was searched across five databases. Outcomes of interest were physical activity levels and functional mobility. Results: We screened 2285 references and included 10 studies: one systematic review, five randomised controlled trials, one trial with non-equivalent control, and four uncontrolled studies. Carer training ranged from one to twelve sessions. Exercise interventions commonly including walking, other whole body functional exercises and balance activities. In eight studies interventions were in addition to standard care. Five studies reported significant between-group differences for functional mobility, favouring the intervention. One study reported physical activity levels. Conclusion: There was large variation in the volume and content of training provided to carers. Physical activity levels were infrequently objectively reported. Future studies should include greater details on their protocols to allow for replication and implementation into clinical practice. IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATION: Carer-supported home-based exercises may improve functional mobility once home after a stroke. The optimal length, content, and model of delivery of carer training, so carers can provide better targeted home-based exercise support to people after stroke, is not known. Better monitoring of participation in home-based exercise and reporting of short and long-term physical activity is needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hour of Code is a widely recognized global event that aims to introduce programming to novice users and integrate computer science into education. This paper presents an analysis of the effectiveness of the support system and user interface of Minecraft Adventurer, a serious game designed for the Hour of Code global event. Although previous studies have primarily focused on the educational benefits of Hour of Code games, there has been limited research on their support methods. Therefore, this paper aims to address this gap with an empirical study of the experience of 104 students who played the game for one hour. Student progress was tracked by an administering teacher and after the game session, a questionnaire was administered to collect data on the participant's perceptions of the support system, interface efficiency, and overall experience with Hour of Code. The results of the study reveal significant problems with the aforementioned systems, which apply not only to Minecraft Adventurer but also to several other similar serious games. Additionally, the findings showed a correlation between the utilization of the support system and student performance, indicating that student's comprehension of the support system significantly influences their learning outcomes. This paper concludes by providing potential solutions to address the identified insufficiencies, offering valuable insights for future researchers and game developers on the design and evaluation of serious games for educational purposes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main objective of this study was to examine the actor and partner effects between Perceived Workplace Support for Families (PWSFs) and family support (PFS), diet quality, and satisfaction with food-related life (SWFoL) in households with both parents working and adolescents, along with the role of the three family members' diet quality as a mediator. During the second year of the pandemic in Chile, 860 dual-earner parents of different sexes and their adolescent child (average age 13 years, with 50.7% being male) were recruited from two cities. Parents responded to a measure of PWSFs and the Perceived Family Support Scale. Mothers, fathers, and adolescents answered the Adapted Healthy Eating Index (AHEI) and the satisfaction with food-related life Scale. The examination employed the mediation Actor–Partner Interdependence Model and structural equation modeling for the analyses. Results showed that mothers' PWSFs improved their and their teenage children's SWFoL, while fathers' PWSFs only improved their SWFoL. The mothers' PFS improved their and the fathers' diet quality while enhancing their SWFoL and the adolescents' SWFoL. The fathers' PFS enhanced their and the adolescents' SWFoL. The mothers' PFS also indirectly enhanced their and the fathers' SWFoL via each parent's diet quality. Each family member's diet quality was positively related to their SWFoL, while mothers' diet quality was positively related to the fathers' SWFoL. These results imply that resources obtained by parents from PFS positively impact the SWFoL of the three family members through different mechanisms. They also highlight the importance of maternal family support for SWFoL during the pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Latino immigrants within the United States experience various stressors, which have been linked to the development and exacerbation of internalizing symptoms among Latino youth. Therefore, it is crucial to explore factors that may buffer the impact of stress among immigrant families. Fathers may influence child outcomes through positive parenting behaviors, yet Latino fathers have been underrepresented in research. This study examined how paternal warmth and support may moderate the association between the accumulation of stress and child internalizing symptoms among low‐income, Latino immigrant families. Participants included 62 children between the ages of 6 and 10, and their paternal caregivers (94% fathers; 90% born in Mexico). This study utilized a multi‐method approach including parent‐report, child‐report and observational measures. Participants completed questionnaires and video‐recorded family interaction tasks during home visits. Stress was positively associated with child‐reported depression. Self‐reported paternal warmth was associated with fewer parent‐reported child internalizing symptoms and moderated the effects of stress on symptoms. Analyses showed a significant positive association between paternal stress and child internalizing symptoms for children with the lowest levels of parental warmth. However, when paternal warmth was high, accumulation of stress and child internalizing symptoms were not related. Thus, high levels of warmth buffered the impact of stress on internalizing symptoms. This study highlights the importance of Latino fathers’ parenting behaviors on child internalizing symptoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: In South Africa, approximately half a million individuals live with epilepsy. This means that half a million families and caregivers are impacted by epilepsy, with a limited number of healthcare providers responsible for treating people living with the condition, as well as their families and caregivers. Methods: This study explored the knowledge-based care and support healthcare providers give families and caregivers. Fifteen participants were purposefully selected from Limpopo and Mpumalanga provinces to participate in the study. Data were collected via an open-ended interview guide divided into two sections: Section A comprised sociodemographic questions, and Section B had questions on epilepsy care and support. Four of the participants were male, and 11 were female, seven were community health workers, five were nurse practitioners, and three were auxiliary nurses. Seven had a grade 12 qualification or lower, and only six had a degree. The data collected was analyzed using thematic analysis, coded by the researcher and co-coded by an independent expert. Two themes emerged from the raw data: epilepsy knowledge and epilepsy support and counselling. From these two themes, three subthemes were identified: psychosocial impact of epilepsy, epilepsy-related training, and counselling and support. Results: The study revealed a gap in professional capacity building and highlighted the need for intentional knowledge sharing and equipping of healthcare providers. Discussion: The findings suggest that equipping community health workers, in particular, may be a better and more efficient way to increase the quality of life for families and caregivers and people living with epilepsy in South Africa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to delve into the lived experiences of second-career teachers, their challenges, and their insights about being a teacher. The researcher adopted the qualitative phenomenology design to interview the fifteen conversational partners using the Interview Guide. The researcher interviewed the second-career teachers about their lived experiences, and the conversations were audio-recorded. Then, the data were analyzed using phenomenological explications and thematic analysis. Second-career teachers offer distinct viewpoints and life experiences that enhance the learning environment. They often enter the teaching profession from various professional backgrounds and have unique difficulties adjusting to the complexities of teaching. Thus, strong support systems are vital. Administrators’ and co-teachers’ support serves as a cornerstone for the successful integration of second-career teachers. Mentoring, guidance, and tailored professional development can foster an inclusive culture that values diverse skills and backgrounds. Furthermore, clear communication channels and constructive feedback mechanisms are essential for addressing second-career teachers’ unique needs and concerns, ensuring their continued growth and efficacy in the classroom. Second-career teachers improve student learning experiences and cultivate a sense of authenticity and role fulfillment by matching their teaching practices to their fundamental values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this pilot study, we report on the feasibility, acceptability and potential impact of 'Who, When, How to Share', a new disclosure decision-making programme for autistic adults. We evaluated this programme using pre-post mixed-methods surveys that included questions about participants' experiences of the programme and four psychosocial outcome measures. While 32 autistic adults completed the pre-programme survey and enrolled into the programme, there was high attrition, with only 19 autistic adults completing the programme and post-programme survey. We found that it was feasible to deliver the programme in a guided self-help format, although a minority of participants (who completed the programme or provided reasons for withdrawing from the programme) found it challenging to work through the programme independently and within the study time frame. High levels of satisfaction and positive qualitative feedback also suggested that the programme was acceptable to autistic adults. Participants provided useful recommendations for improvement, such as more interactive elements to enhance engagement. The programme showed potential to improve decisional conflict, disclosure-related distress, stigma-related stress and internalised stigma among autistic adults, though further evaluation of the impact of the programme is needed. 'Who, When, How to Share' is a new programme that aims to support autistic adults in making decisions around sharing their autistic identity with others. The programme involves working through a self-help guide independently over 3 weeks with optional peer support. We wanted to find out if autistic adults would join the programme and find it useful. Thirty-two autistic adults took part in the programme and 19 of them completed it. Most participants who completed the programme liked the programme and found it helpful, but some felt that they needed more time and support to complete it. They suggested that the programme would be more accessible if it was more interactive, such as including videos and other ways to gain feedback on their progress. Surveys filled in by participants before and after the programme suggested that they became more confident and less stressed about sharing their autistic identity with others, but some felt they still needed to build more confidence in order to handle negative attitudes from others. More work is needed to improve and test the programme further. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores the extensive influence of COVID-19 on the affective states of school principals and teachers. A comparative, qualitative study was conducted on Latvian and South African participants' experiences during the pandemic, with a focus on leadership, change, extra workload, ICT, and uncertainty. A total of 59 participants from rural, urban, and private schools in both countries took part in this study. Data were collected by conducting interviews with open-ended questions after which themes were identified and grouped. The results demonstrated that the states of mind of Latvian school principals and teachers were more affected than those of South Africans for whom vaccination was not compulsory. Furthermore, it was found that technological adaptation was easier for Latvian than for South African educators. The role of the Department of Education has evoked mixed feelings. Leadership, and the lack of it, also influenced the affective states of school principals and teachers. Emotional support from society, family, and colleagues was experienced differently in Latvia than in South Africa. The results of this study revealed that a pandemic can be experienced differently by principals and teachers but also that there are similarities in these experiences, as no one is ever completely prepared for the effects of a pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the past decade, international or migrant faculty researchers have explored the work roles, academic experiences, and identities of this community, while a new body of research has begun to draw on insights from migration studies to investigate to what extent and how they are integrated on campus. This paper seeks to extend these discussions by considering on-campus support for international faculty, their integration into the host society, and the relationship between these factors. Focusing on Japan and drawing on both a quantitative survey and qualitative interviews of recipients of the prestigious Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) Post-Doctoral Fellowship, this study reveals that on-campus support is associated with higher levels of integration in Japanese society, but there are notable deficiencies in the linguistic and social support offered by universities. These findings indicate that universities seeking to attract and retain international talent should initially invest in language learning support services and reflect on the intermediary role they play between international faculty members and the local community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By creating a dual functor of localization, co-localization functor, in a compactly generated tensor triangulated category T , we develop a theory, cosupport, dual to that of support in T. We show that there are many properties that are similar or rather dual between cosupport and support in T. For instance, the cosupport of an object can be detected by the cosupport of its cohomology; the cosupport of a nonzero object is nonempty. Also some characterizations, properties and relations of cosupport and support are given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rationale: Twenty‐one Community Rehabilitation Companies were set up following the division of the National Probation Services during 'Transforming Rehabilitation' in England and Wales, under a 2013 Ministry of Justice initiative. Reunification commenced in 2018. A study completed prior to these changes suggested that probation officers had had little training in recognising attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and may have been underestimating its prevalence among their clientele. Given the substantial changes in probation staffing and organisation since 2018, a new study seems warranted. Aims: The aim of the study was to understand experiences of people under a community sentence who reported having ADHD and of probation staff working with them. Methods: Using a qualitative research design, one‐to‐one semi‐structured interviews were conducted with client facing probation staff recruited from one Community Rehabilitation Company. Service users undertaking a community sentence who had been diagnosed with or self‐identified as having ADHD were then identified and recruited by these staff; those who consented were also interviewed. Transcripts were analysed using a thematic analytic approach. Results: Thirteen probation staff and six male offenders under community sentences, agreed to participate and completed interviews. The overarching themes emerging from the two groups were similar, both reflecting on descriptions of ADHD; treatment of ADHD; experiences of having or working with ADHD in the wider community and in the criminal justice system specifically and visions of future support needs tied to the order. In addition, probation officers specifically raised the matter of payment by results. Both service users and probation staff identified gaps in knowledge, experience and services, but areas of good practice were also identified. Conclusion: The findings highlight the continuing under‐acknowledgement of tailored clinical support for people serving a community sentence who have ADHD together with a lack of support and training about ADHD for probation staff. Return to the national organisation of probation services and recognition of need for a range of relevant skills offers a great opportunity for re‐evaluating supervision and management of offenders under community sentences who have ADHD. These findings provide the basis for a template for developing knowledge and support provision for probation staff to recognise ADHD, or its likelihood, and their capacity to follow through with appropriately informed personalised supervision plans and access to specialist service advice and support. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This scoping review aimed to identify manualised programs and practice suggestions to support children's health literacy, behaviors and emotions after a parental acquired brain injury. A systematic search of five scientific databases (PsychINFO, MEDLINE, ProQuest, Scopus, Cochrane) and gray literature occurred. Inclusion criteria included: studies and gray literature published 1989 to 2023, in English, child populations with relationship to parental acquired brain injury, identifying manualised programs or practice suggestions via content analysis approach. No data were collected from human participants. All included studies, where relevant, demonstrated consent and/or ethical processes. Sixteen relevant studies and three gray literature resources (n = 19) were identified, including two studies that detailed manualised programs, and fifteen studies and two resource packs that included practice suggestions. Five common domains within practice suggestions were identified: systemic commitment (n = 17); family-centered approaches (n = 16); child-centered practices (n = 15); structured programs (n = 9); and peer support (n = 8). More rigorous evaluation is required to test the potential benefits of manualised programs and practice suggestions. A systemic commitment at clinical and organizational levels to provide child and family-centered practices, structured programs, and access to peer support, early and throughout adult-health care settings, may help to meet the support needs of children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While the literature on well‐being and stress following natural disasters is well‐developed, it is less so when it comes to ongoing war experiences. Between September and October of 2022, 223 Ukraine‐based civilian adults (156 women and 67 men) completed a survey measuring symptoms of post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), peritraumatic experiences, paranoia, quality of life, death anxiety, anxiety about weapons of mass destruction and depression (i.e. assumed 'war consequence' factors), as well as perceived social support, resilience, loneliness and expected military support from the West (i.e. assumed 'buffer' factors). Our exploratory structural equation model (SEM) suggests that Perceived Social Support predicted fewer PTSD Symptoms and more Peritraumatic Experiences. The regression modelling, however, shows that Perceived Social Support was also positively correlated with Peritraumatic Experiences. Highlighting the need for a civilian war stress buffer disruption theory, we argue that when composed of one's circle of family and friends, social support could likely mean greater exposure to war stressors through the mutual sharing of ongoing war experiences with no end in sight. Such a possible war stress sharing deterioration effect would imply that Perceived Social Support may compound peritraumatic distress if the support in question is offered by those facing the same grim reality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The induction period is a frequently discussed element in a teacher's career. While there is a recognised need for support during induction, the access to support is not available to all newly qualified teachers (NQTs). However, little is known about the micro-political processes of NQTs' access to support in the workplace. The purpose of this study is to investigate experiences of support during NQTs' first year in teaching, using concepts from micro-political theory. The findings show that NQTs experience reactive support, a lack of formal support, and self-initiated informal peer support. The findings are based on a thematic analysis of written accounts collected from 15 NQTs in Norwegian secondary schools every month during their first year, as well as individual interviews at the end of the year. The study concludes that the use of power in interactions among members of the school organisation impact NQTs' access to induction-support. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In constructive quantum theory, the free field is constructed based on a Gaussian measure on the space of tempered distributions. We generalize the classic results about support property of the Gaussian measure from Euclidean space-time to fractal space-time R × F . More precisely, we show that the set (I - Δ F) (d s - 1) / 4 + α (1 + | x | 2 ) (d H + 1) / 4 + β L 2 (R × F) is of the Gaussian measure one if α > 0 and β > 0 , while the set is of the Gaussian measure zero if α > 0 and β < 0 . Here, Δ F is the Laplacian on the underlying fractal space F, d s is the spectral dimension of Δ F , and d H is the Hausdorff dimension of F. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Midwives in an Australian birth unit undertook a project to develop a resource for women and their support person. The aim of this study was to explore how the women, support persons and midwives viewed the introduction of this resource designed to guide and support women in their choice of support person. Methods: A quantitative survey study was used to explore how three participant groups viewed the introduction of a support person information resource. A hospital designed survey was developed for women, support people and midwives. Data were analyzed using SPSS, version 26 and Braun and Clarke's guide for thematic analysis. Results: More than half (55%) of the midwives believed that the information resource presented influenced women's choice of support people during labor. Almost threequarters (72%) of the women did not change their choice of number of support people that they wanted during their labor. The majority (83%) of women would recommend the support person brochure to other women. The majority (83%) of support people stayed the entire duration of labor. Four themes were generated from open-ended questions: value of the information sheet, knowing how to be a support person, connecting midwives with being woman-centered, and choosing the support person. Conclusions: The availability of an information resource was of benefit for women, support people and midwives, contributing to women feeling more informed in choosing their support person. Midwives felt they had evidence to support conversations with women, contributing to the feeling of being woman-centered. Support people had increased confidence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reflecting on the experience of curating Veronica Ryan's work for the 2021 exhibition Life Support: Forms of Care in Art and Activism at Glasgow Women's Library, this essay contextualizes the artist's recent sculptures in relation to the theories, philosophies, and ethics of care that have recently gained increasing prominence in artistic and curatorial practice. Drawing on the philosopher Virginia Held's understanding of care as inherently intersubjective, it proposes that Ryan's sculptures model a comparable understanding of caring relations through their associative yet ultimately elusive operations. Ryan is recognized for her use of abstracted organic forms, particularly seeds, pods, husks, and fruits. Since moving to New York from Britain in 1990 and developing a career between the two countries, Ryan has engaged with industrial and mass-produced receptacles, molds, and packing materials, an interest which has expanded to include fishing wire, plastic bottles, and take-away food containers, alongside textiles. Yet, although many of these elements remain identifiable, the resulting works delight in category confusion between organic and prefabricated, instigating uncanny textural effects that engender perceptual uncertainty. Their chains of allusion resist singular, fixed meanings, generating a continual back and forth of association and dissociation that constitutes a sustained meditation on care's relational complexity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study developed three microstructured chitosan nanocapsules with immobilized lipase to explore chitosan-lipase interactions at different pH levels. Chitosan undergoes complete protonation or deprotonation based on pH level. Three distinct pH levels were examined: 5.5, where chitosan is fully protonated; 6.5, where chitosan is partially protonated/deprotonated; and 7.5, where chitosan is fully deprotonated. The nanocapsules exhibited nanoscale dimensions and the microstructures showed porous morphology. Immobilized lipase showed improved temperature stability, compared to free enzyme, especially in lipase supports at pH 5.5 and 7.5 due to electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions. The interactions between chitosan and lipase influenced the microenvironment around the active site, resulting in an optimum pH of 8 for all supports. Immobilized lipase at pH 5.5 and 7.5 displayed the best reusability in the hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl palmitate under reaction conditions of 37 °C and pH 8. During refrigeration storage, all immobilized lipases maintained total activity for 7 days, but lipase immobilized at pH 6.5 maintained more the activity after 28 days. Therefore, this study has developed promising immobilized lipase, standing out not only for industrial application concerning cost-effectiveness, but also for the innovation in investigating the influence of chitosan-lipase interactions during immobilization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the fractured weak fault zone, rock mass exhibits low strength and poor self-stability. The geological conditions are complex, and when tunnels cross through fractured zones, significant deformations and collapses are prone to occur, leading to geological hazards. This paper investigates the in situ stress and deformation patterns of the Dongmachang Tunnel No. 1, proposing support solutions for addressing tunnel deformations through field experiments and numerical simulations. The on-site monitoring results indicate that despite implementing measures such as grouting reinforcement and temporary steel supports to control surrounding rock deformation, significant structural damage still occurred in the tunnel support system. The manifestations included severe sinking and cracking of the arch crown, strong inward deformation of the sidewalls, widespread cracking, crushing, and spalling of shotcrete, slight arching uplift, and severe distortion and twisting of steel arches forming a "Z" or "S" shape. To ensure tunnel safety and control the stability of excavations in weak fault zones, a comparison of tunnel deformation support schemes is conducted through field experiments and numerical simulations, indicating that replacing the upper tunnel structure and invert can effectively prevent tunnel deformations. These measures are vital for the sustainable development of tunnel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study was conducted to investigate the perception of ecological tourism in Gashakagumti National Park. Data collection involves the use of multi-stage technique and random sampling method. Twenty, 20 communities where selected from the support zone of the National Park. Structured questionnaires were used to obtain primary data while journal, proceedings, text, brochure and manuals were used to collect information for secondary data. The Data generated were analyzed using the descriptive statistics such as, tables, mean, percentages and charts. A total of one thousand four hundred and eighty-six (1486) respondent was randomly selected for the purpose of this study. Out of this figure a total of 1207 (81.2%) respondents were aware of the ecological tourism in the park. 909 (61.2%) Indicated support for the ecological tourism in the park while 294 (19.8%) were not in support. The reason for the support towards ecological tourism in the park was topped by provision of local source of income with 361 (22.1 %) respondents followed by employment opportunities 303 (18.5 %), Education of tourist and locals 215 (13.1 %), Improved infrastructures 151 (9.2 %), Revenue generation 137 (8.4 %), Habitat preservation 109 (6.7 %), Platform for cultural exchange 73 (4.5 %), improved standard of living 61 (3.7%), cultural preservation 54(3.3 %), Development of other income stream 41(2.5 %), Maintenance of site of attraction 38 (2.3%), conservation of biodiversity 31 (1.9 %), waste management, 26 (1.6 %), and the least is mitigating climatic change 20 (1.2 %). No response stood at 15 (0.9 %). On the other side the reason for nonsupport towards ecological tourism in the park was topped by noninvolvement of the local communities on conservation matters with 172 (31.3 %) respondents followed by commercialization of cultural practices 93 (16.9 %), then change of family value 71 (12.9 %), insufficient infrastructure 68 (12.4 %), insecurity 41 (7.5 %), Environmental degradation 35 (6.4%), increased cost of living 21 (3.8 %), Drug abuse 20 (3.6 %) prostitution 12 (2.2 %) with alcohol consumption as the least with 8 (1.5 %). No response stood at 9 (1.6 %). It is recommended that the federal government should allocate more funds for the execution of developmental project in the park with her support communities and intensify efforts to bring to an end the insecurity in the area. The park should enhance it effort in conservation education program to enable all residence of the support group zone area aware of ecological tourism. The local communities being stake holders should be involve in the management of the ecological tourism in the park. The park authority should collaborate with non-governmental organizations (NGOs) to provide sustainable means of livelihood in the field of tourism, trade and agriculture in the support zone communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: Many children with (CP) and their families in Saudi Arabia struggle emotionally. Unfortunately, there have not been many studies conducted on how to help them with these challenges. This research aims to bring attention to this gap and to explore how a lack of proper mental health care might affect these children's ability to participate in everyday activities. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional descriptive study, a survey was conducted between August and October 2023. A total of 300 parents of CP children from Saudi Arabia participated in the study. The impact of psychological care negligence on the occupational engagement of CP children and their families was assessed by designing a valid questionnaire. Results: A total of 300 parents of children with CP participated in this study. The majority of the sample, 71% of parents, said that their children did not receive any psychological care, and 59.7% of the participants said that their children did not even receive a referral to a psychologist. However, 60.3% of parents of children noticed a significant decline in the occupational performance of their children, and 65.7% predicted an improvement in their children's performance with future psychological care. Conclusions: It is clear that there is a lack of awareness about the importance of mental health care for children with CP in Saudi Arabia. This lack of care hinders these children and their families' occupational engagement and social participation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractObjectivesMethodResultsConclusionOlder spouses are a significant part of family caregivers of patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and need support. Evidence suggests that different factors influence the support of older spousal caregivers. However, there is little evidence about these factors in developing countries like Iran. This study aimed to identify the factors affecting the support of Iranian older spousal caregivers of people with AD.This qualitative study used Graneheim and Lundman’s conventional content analysis approach. Through purposive sampling, 10 caregivers, three family members, and three professionals were recruited from various cognitive clinics and centers. In-depth and semi-structured interviews were used to collect data and continued until conceptual saturation was achieved.Two themes were derived from the data as factors affecting support, which included (1) caregiver’s support-seeking (complexity of the patient’s condition, caregiver’s geriatric health, the burden of caring for a spouse with AD, marital bond quality, caregiver’s support-phobic beliefs, caregiver’s awareness of care) and (2) capacities of support resources (supportive family, supportiveness of society, formal systems’ capability to provide support services).The present study provided practical information about the factors influencing the support of older spousal caregivers. Healthcare providers and policymakers can use these concepts to improve the support process by strengthening caregivers’ support-seeking motivation and enhancing capacities in support resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Educational health promotion interventions for people with early-stage dementia have shown promising results, including empowering the person with dementia to live well and cope with their condition. Objective(s): The aim of this study was to explore how group interactions, course structure, and facilitation by healthcare professionals in a 12-week educational health promotion course promote coping, healthy behaviors, and empowerment in people with early-stage dementia. Method: A focused ethnographic approach was employed, collecting data through moderate participant observations of people with early-stage dementia who attended the health promotion course and field conversations with the facilitators. Additionally, before and after the participants had completed the course, the participants and their care partners were interviewed individually. Results: The findings showed that group discussions provided an opportunity for the facilitators to identify knowledge gaps, correct misinterpretations of symptoms, and tailor the information to the participants' specific needs, thereby promoting healthy behaviors and empowering the participants. The consistent and structured format of the course appeared to reduce stress and promote learning. Learning about dementia first-hand, reminiscing, using humor, receiving support from others facing similar challenges, and receiving support and validation from facilitators all contributed to participants coping with their condition, processing negative emotions, and reducing internalized stigma. Conclusion: This study emphasized the importance of providing people living with early-stage dementia educational opportunities that combine first-hand information, peer and facilitator support, reminiscing, humor, recognition, and validation. These interventions can contribute to promote coping, healthy behaviors, and empowerment in people living with early-stage dementia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and aimsMethodsResultsConclusionsIn the Northwest of England, a national allocation of funding to minimise the effects of differential attainment has been used to support experienced GP educators to act as Differential Attainment Champions (DAC) since October 2021. An evaluation of the role’s impact was undertaken.The evaluation was designed to gather the views and experiences of DACs and their trainees via online semi-structured interviews during the first 12 months following establishment of the intervention programme.Thematic framework analysis identified three main themes: DACs’ adaptive approach to support trainees; barriers to fulfilling the DAC role; and the positive impact of the DAC role on training. The following aspects of the DAC role worked well: the freedom to tailor support to the individual needs of the trainees; the targeted and proactive support early on in GP core training; the support of trainees in a wide range of areas including e-portfolio advice, examination preparation, and personal help. Trainees valued one-to-one support when needed. Reported improvements included: improved examination outcomes; portfolio engagement recognised in some cases by Annual Review of Competence Progression (ARCP) panels.The individualised and adaptive approach works well but it does mean it is difficult to quantify how many trainees can be supported by one DAC and their workload needs to be monitored. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]