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Background: Ethanol consumption during pregnancy induces enduring detrimental effects in the offspring, manifesting as a spectrum of symptoms collectively termed as Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD). Presently, there is a scarcity of treatments for FASD.Objectives: To analyze current literature, emphasizing evidence derived from preclinical models, that could potentially inform therapeutic interventions for FASD.Methods: A narrative review was conducted focusing on four prospective treatments: nutritional supplements, antioxidants, anti-inflammatory compounds and environmental enrichment. The review also highlights innovative therapeutic strategies applied during early (e.g. folate administration, postnatal days 4–9) or late (e.g. NOX2 inhibitors given after weaning) postnatal stages that resulted in significant improvements in behavioral responses during adolescence (a critical period marked by the emergence of mental health issues in humans).Results: Our findings underscore the value of treatments centered around nutritional supplementation or environmental enrichment, aimed at mitigating oxidative stress and inflammation, implying shared mechanisms in FASD pathogenesis. Moreover, the review spotlights emerging evidence pertaining to the involvement of novel molecular components with potential pharmacological targets (such as NOX2, MCP1/CCR2, PPARJ, and PDE1).Conclusions: Preclinical studies have identified oxidative imbalance and neuroinflammation as relevant pathological mechanisms induced by prenatal ethanol exposure. The relevance of these mechanisms, which exhibit positive feedback loop mechanisms, appear to peak during early development and decreases in adulthood. These findings provide a framework for the future development of therapeutic avenues in the development of specific clinical treatments for FASD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Food supplements consist of various substances, which can be used orally or enterally and are assigned for food supplementation. Research with dietary supplements pointed to substances not declared on the labels, such as prohormones or anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS). Objective: Conduct chemical and chromatographic tests with a sample of protein food supplements to detect possible anabolic androgenic steroids. Materials and Method: This is an analytical study of a quali-quantitative nature. Conclusion: Analyzes indicate the presence of steroids in all evaluations of dietary protein supplement samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: in the context of Brazil, a peripheral country, pregnant women are a vulnerable class. Proper nutrition and fetal health depend directly on maternal nutrition, which is often precarious. Thus, the food supplement, which has already changed the health scenario of malnutrition in children, is big important in the best Prenatal Care. The objective is to analyze the quality and supply of food supplementation for pregnant women in Brazil, before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: analysis of public domain data, from pregnant women registered in the E-manager primary care system, between 2019 and 2021. Results: the micronutrients offered in Brazil in the public policy of supplementation for pregnant women are iron and folic acid, since 2005 until the present date. Data analysis showed that the offer of those both in the pre-pandemic year and in the pandemic was inadequate, reaching less than 20% of pregnant women in the five regions of the country, with only one state in the northeast region, of the 27 national states, having an adequate supply to 100% of pregnant women. Conclusion: supplementation rich in several micronutrients, used preventively during pregnancy, reduces maternal and fetal diseases. However, in Brazil, the supplementation policy during pregnancy is poor in quality, offering only folic acid and iron for years, as well as inadequate distribution of these. This fact proved to be unrelated to the health crisis of the pandemic, as it occurred since the pre-pandemic and worse in numbers before than during it. Therefore, a set of “poor quality and low supply” was identified in the supplementation of pregnant women in Brazil, which contributes to maintaining greater maternal-fetal and child morbidity and mortality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The growing concern over health and nutrition have led to the proliferation in the consumption of supplements worldwide. In Europe, the market size has reached 13,300 million euros in 2022. Nevertheless, consumers remain uninformed and deceived by products that presume to be remedies for even the most serious diseases. In the context of an industry, in which legal gaps have allowed profitability to displace ethics, it seems urgent to analyze the degree of (ir)responsibility of companies in managing the transparency of the information they provide to the consumer. This work aims to evaluate the transparency of supplements enterprises' corporate communication, exploring three different dimensions of the information provided: disclosure, clarity, and accuracy. A quantitative approach and descriptive statistics were performed using χ², based on the content analysis of 103 corporate websites. This corpus encompasses the entire universe of companies that invested in digital advertising between the years 2017 and 2021. Results show that 61.2% of enterprises do not declare themselves socially responsible on their websites, and only 13 out of 113 have issued transparency reports; product information is confusing in 45.6% of companies and lacking in 19.4%; ingredients are absent in more than half of the corpus, and empirical evidence is omitted in 83.5% of enterprises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Revista Iberoamericana de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y el Deporte is the property of Revista Iberoamericana de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y el Deporte and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introdução: Com o crescente interesse por um estilo de vida saudável, aprimoramento do desempenho desportivo e promoção da saúde em diversos contextos, o uso de suplementos tem-se tornado cada vez mais comum (National Institute of Health, 2020). No entanto, a eficácia, segurança e adequação desses suplementos para cada grupo populacional ainda são temas de investigação (Henselmans et al., 2022). Objetivo: Avaliar o nível de conhecimento, de utilização e perceção da eficácia dos suplementos em indivíduos segundo o seu nível de atividade física. Material e Métodos: Foi utilizado um questionário original colocado online entre Abril e Junho de 2023 e dirigido à população ativa. A amostra é constituída por 450 indivíduos (201 homens e 249 mulheres) com idades entre 18 e 65 anos (M=29.2, DP=11.4). Resultados: Os suplementos vitamínicos e energéticos são os mais bem conhecidos, mais utilizados e com superior perceção de eficácia em ambos os grupos. O grupo com alto nível de atividade física apresenta valores significativamente superiores no conhecimento e utilização, e significativamente inferiores quanto à perceção da sua eficácia. Os suplementos com menor grau de conhecimento e utilização foram o arroz vermelho, a glicosamina e a condroitina. Discussão: O alto ou baixo nível de atividade física vai implicar diferenças no nível de conhecimento, utilização e perceção de eficácia dos suplementos avaliados.

Contextualization: Nutritional supplementation for cattle fed with grass requires local alternatives that allow optimizing the productive performance and reducing maintenance costs of the animals. Knowledge gap: Cocoa husk supplementation can be a nutritionally and economically viable alternative for tropical farms, that is why this research pretends to answer the following questions: What will be the effect of cocoa husk supplementation on productivity and quality of bovine milk? and its implementation will make possible to reduce maintenance costs without affecting the production parameters and the quality of the final product? Purpose: evaluate the effect of a cocoa husk supplement on the production and quality of milk from crossbred cows fed with tropical grasses. Methodology: 10 Brown x Guzerat crossbred multiparous bovine females were used, in their second third of lactation, with an average age of 7 years and an middling weight of 450 ± 38 kg, which were distributed under a completely random design with two treatments: control and supplemented [the supplemented treatment was provided daily (2kg/animal/day) with five repetitions each day]. The supplement was composed of cocoa husk, wheat bran, ground corn grain, molasses, urea, dicalcium phosphate and mineralized salt, and it was offered daily, at milking time, after a 14-day adaptation period. Milk production was quantified daily and corrected to 4 % of fat, and milk composition was analysed every 15 days using an infrared spectrophotometer. The data obtained were subjected to an ANOVA with 5 % of significance, using the PROC MIXED software from SAS v. 9.4. The economic analysis was carried out through partial budgets. Results and conclusions: the nutritional supplementation increased [p < 0,05] milk production which was corrected to 4 % fat. There was an interaction between treatments and collection times [p < 0,05] on the concentration of fat, protein, non-fat solids, and milk density. The concentration of lactose and minerals increased with supplementation and collection time [p < 0,05]. The nutritional supplementation improved net income from milk sales by USD$ 0,63 per animal at day. In summary, nutritional supplementation based on cocoa husks improves production and quality of milk on crossbred cows fed with Brachiaria humidicola pasture, generating higher income for milk producers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Contextualización: la suplementación nutricional para bovinos en pastoreo requiere de alternativas locales que permitan optimizar el desempeño productivo de los animales y reducir los costos de producción. Vacío de conocimiento: la suplementación alimenticia a base de cascarilla de cacao es una alternativa nutricional y económicamente viable para las ganaderías tropicales que busca responder a los siguientes interrogantes: ¿cuál será el efecto del suplemento a base de cascarilla de cacao sobre la productividad y calidad composicional de la leche bovina? y ¿su implementación permitirá reducir los costos de producción sin afectar los parámetros productivos y la calidad del producto final? Propósito: evaluar el efecto del ofrecimiento de un suplemento a base de cascarilla de cacao sobre la producción y calidad composicional de la leche de vacas mestizas en pastoreo de gramíneas tropicales. Metodología: se emplearon 10 hembras bovinas multíparas mestizas Pardo x Guzerat en segundo tercio de lactancia con edad media de 7 años y peso promedio de 450± 38 kg, las cuales se distribuyeron bajo un diseño completamente al azar con dos tratamientos: control y suplementado (2kg/animal/día) y cinco repeticiones cada uno. El suplemento estaba compuesto de cascarilla de cacao, salvado de trigo, grano de maíz molido, melaza, urea, fosfato bicálcico y sal mineralizada ofreciéndose diariamente en el momento del ordeño tras un periodo de adaptación de 14 días. La producción de leche fue cuantificada diariamente y corregida al 4% de grasa y la composición de la leche cada 15 días empleando espectrofotómetro infrarrojo. Los datos obtenidos fueron sometidos a un ANOVA con el 5% de significancia empleando el software PROC MIXED de SAS v. 9.4. El análisis económico se realizó mediante presupuestos parciales. Resultados y conclusiones: la suplementación aumentó (p

Se evaluó la influencia de la adición dietaria del probiótico comercial EM® CAMARÓN en la alimentación de juveniles de sábalo Brycon amazonicus criados en corrales a una densidad de 1,1 pez/m3. Un total de 120 peces de 8,20 ± 0,73 cm y 5,74 ± 1,50 g de longitud y peso inicial, respectivamente, se dividieron en 12 corrales y pasaron por un período de adaptación de 10 días. Luego, cada grupo fue alimentado con una dieta asignada al azar durante 120 días. Las dietas eran: T0 (testigo) sin probiótico, T1 con 20 ml/kg de probiótico, T2 con 50 ml/kg de probiótico y T3 con 80 ml/kg de probiótico. Se encontró que el grupo alimentado con T1 obtuvo un mayor crecimiento en peso y longitud final en comparación con los demás tratamientos. Sin embargo, la adición de probiótico no afectó significativamente el contenido de grasas, carbohidratos y proteínas de los peces. En conclusión, la adición de probióticos hasta el nivel de 20 ml/kg mejoró el crecimiento en talla y peso del B. amazonicus. El contenido corporal de los peces no varió significativamente entre los tratamientos, excepto en ciertos casos donde se observaron concentraciones más altas de lípidos, carbohidratos y proteínas.

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Las proteínas son un componente principal en el mantenimiento de las funciones y las estructuras de las células. La pérdida de proteína corporal se asocia con numerosas alteraciones patológicas y con un aumento de la mortalidad. La glutamina es el aminoácido más abundante del organismo y está implicado en numerosos procesos del metabolismo. Aunque históricamente se ha clasificado como un aminoácido no esencial, debido a que puede ser sintetizado por el organismo, existen ciertas situaciones, como la sepsis, que progresan con una depleción de glutamina, por lo que se ha considerado como condicionalmente esencial. La glutamina tiene multitud de funciones en diferentes tejidos y destaca la desintoxicación de amoníaco y el aporte de energía. Los niveles bajos de glutamina se relacionan con alteraciones en la función inmune, con cambios en la estructura y función de la mucosa intestinal, y disminución de la capacidad antioxidante, entre otros. La suplementación con glutamina, tanto por vía enteral como parenteral, ha sido muy estudiada en el ámbito clínico y en los últimos años ha dado resultados contradictorios. La evidencia sobre sus beneficios en la prevención y el tratamiento de las diferentes patologías está en continua evolución. Resultan prometedores algunos estudios que analizan su papel en el cáncer, la diabetes y la enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal, entre otras. Quedan varias cuestiones pendientes por resolver, como definir los subgrupos de pacientes que pueden beneficiarse más de su uso, la dosis adecuada para cada uno de ellos y la vía de administración.

Partindo do entendimento de Jornalismo Cultural (LIMA, 2013; FARO, 2006), a reflexão se dá sobre as configurações desse campo, por meio de suplemento e caderno de cultura, para traçar um panorama histórico e social. Utiliza-se como metodologia a análise sócio-histórica, com pesquisa bibliográfica (STUMPF, 2005; FONSECA, 2008). Ressaltam-se exemplos como O Estado de S. Paulo e Jornal do Brasil, pioneiros desse tipo de publicação, juntamente com veículos mais regionais, “Suplemento Literário Minas Gerais” (SMLG) e “Caderno de Sábado” (CS). Já os contemporâneos Rascunho e Peixe Elétrico ilustram as alterações à escola industrial e se adaptam às novas tecnologias. A análise evidenciou que mesmo com as mudanças de suporte e modernização, os suplementos/cadernos de cultura sofreram modificações para além daquelas de ordem tecnológica.

Copyright of Revista Ciencia y Tecnología Agropecuaria is the property of Agrosavia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introdução: Atualmente a musculação é uma prática esportiva muito realizada por promover benefícios estéticos, à saúde e à qualidade de vida. Com o objetivo de aumentar tais benefícios o uso da suplementação está cada vez mais presente nas academias. Objetivo: Identificar qual é o suplemento mais consumido pelos praticantes de musculação e o perfil do consumidor. Método: Essa é uma survey transversal, com abordagem quantitativa, que foi realizada em dois clubes de uma cidade do interior do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Para tanto, utilizou-se um questionário de avaliação suplementar, composto por 13 perguntas. Na análise dos dados, foi utilizada a estatística descritiva e teste t. Resultados: Constatou-se que os adultos jovens são os que mais ingerem suplementos, principalmente do tipo whey protein com o objetivo de obter hipertrofia muscular. Conclusão: O desejo pelo aumento da massa muscular é o principal determinante do uso e do tipo de suplementação utilizada.

El objetivo de este experimento fue determinar el efecto de la utilización de 30 % de harina de residuo de camarón (Litopenaeus vannamei), sobre algunos indicadores productivos y reproductivos de novillas en pastoreo, en Culiacán -Sinaloa, México-. Entre febrero y agosto de 2016 se realizó un ensayo con 12 novillas Pardo Suizo, de entre 10 y 14 meses de edad, distribuidas en un diseño completamente aleatorizado con dos tratamientos de seis animales cada uno: tratamiento control: 3 kg de suplemento, que contenía 100 % del concentrado; tratamiento experimental: 3 kg de suplemento, que contenia 70 % del concentrado y 30 % de harina de residuo de camarón. El resto de la dieta consistió en pastoreo y heno de gramíneas. La ganancia de peso diaria fue favorable y significativa con la presencia de la harina de residuo de camarón (0,520 vs. 0,410 kg/animal/día); mientras que la respuesta reproductiva se evidenció en los porcentajes de novillas gestadas al concluir la prueba (83 % en el experimental vs. 50 % en el control). Se demostró que la inclusión de harina de residuo de camarón al 30 % en las dietas de las novillas permitió una mayor ganancia de peso diaria, así como una disminución de algunos indicadores de estrés calórico, como el pH de la orina y las heces, además de la temperatura rectal; ello posibilitó gestaciones en un menor periodo de tiempo, aspecto esencial para la producción ganadera de Sinaloa.

Obesity is a multifactorial disease, affecting, along with overweight, over a third of the adult population worldwide. Although weight control is beneficial, the problem of poor compliance in weight loss programs is well known. Therefore, different strategies have been described against overweight. Among them, strategies such as intermittent fasting, time-restricted feeding and Ramadan fasting have been identified. In recent years, other strategies such as nutritional supplementation have gained significance on weight loss, mainly due to focusing on body composition is even more important than overall weight. In this sense, consumption of nutritional supplements in athletes and sedentary people have shown beneficial effects. Also, supplement intake such, protein, creatine and beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate; combined with resistance training resulted in an increased body weight and fat-free mass. So, although resistance training increases muscle mass and resting metabolic rate, it does not result in weight loss without caloric restriction. Despite this, it seems even without caloric restriction, has favorable effect on body composition because it decreases fat mass, including abdominal fat. According to the evidence, our review suggests that a strategy for improving body composition might be to use a mixed protocol that includes intermittent fasting, nutritional supplementation intake, and resistance training. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El potasio es un mineral que se encuentra dentro de las células del cuerpo. Es uno de varios minerales conocidos como electrolitos. Estos minerales (potasio, sodio y cloruro) se encuentran en los fluidos dentro de las células del cuerpo (intracelular) y fuera de las células (extracelular). El potasio es importante porque ayuda a regular el equilibrio de fluidos y electrolitos, mantener la presión arterial normal, transmitir impulsos nerviosos, controlar contracción muscular, incluido el corazón y mantener huesos sanos. Previous versions: Datos sobre el potasio, Feb. 2015 http://ufdc.ufl.edu/IR00008853/00001 Turner, R., and Linda Bobroff. 2011. “Datos Sobre El Potasio”. EDIS 2011 (1). https://journals.flvc.org/edis/article/view/118855.

El presente trabajo se inserta en el marco de la Lingüística Aplicada, concretamente, en el estudio de los procesos de enseñanza-aprendizaje de las lenguas extranjeras. Seguimos la línea del análisis contrastivo, pero entendido este como un tipo de análisis, como una estrategia de aprendizaje universal que se aleja de los postulados conductistas de los primeros años. Tras los capítulos iniciales que sirven de contextualización, exponemos una caracterización general del árabe y el español a partir de los distintos niveles lingüísticos. A continuación, planteamos un análisis contrastivo de los principales elementos de cuantificación en ambas lenguas a la luz de la teoría de sistemas de partes de la oración, bien entendido que este modelo ha sido asumido críticamente de acuerdo con los argumentos de Salazar (2007, 2008). Este estudio se circunscribe a los contenidos de grado más relevantes y se basa en las funciones prototípicas que se emplean en los trabajos de sistemas de partes de la oración. Cerramos con un apartado en el que sintetizamos las principales conclusiones que hemos obtenido; en cuanto al comportamiento funcional de las palabras de grado, comprobamos que el árabe, a pesar de ser una lengua flexible de tipo 3 según el modelo de Amsterdam, combina las estrategias flexibles, diferenciadoras y rígidas, al igual que sucede en español.

Os carboidratos são moléculas cuja função primordial é fornecer energia. Dentre os formatos nos quais eles são apresentados, aqueles classificados como pó para o preparo de bebidas estão entre os mais vendidos. Tendo em vista que suplementos à base de carboidratos vem sendo largamente utilizados entre os praticantes de corrida, este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a influência da ingestão prévia de maltodextrina e isomaltulose sobre a glicemia e o potencial aeróbico de corredores de rua. Para este estudo, foram selecionados 12 indivíduos sadios, do sexo masculino, com idade entre 22 e 38 anos (27 ± 4,69), Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC) de 18,30 a 23,86kg/m2 (21,46 ± 1,76) e com percentual de gordura entre 4,1 e 19,6% (8,4 ± 4,28). Os participantes (divididos em dois grupos) ingeriram previamente ao exercício uma solução carboidratada com maltodextrina ou isomaltulose no primeiro dia e placebo no segundo dia. Suas glicemias foram mensuradas em jejum, após a ingestão da bebida e depois do exercício. O teste de esforço utilizado foi o de Luc Léger, o qual consiste em um protocolo aeróbico de fácil execução com 21 estágios e dificuldade progressiva. Embora tenham ocorrido alterações diferentes na glicemia para as três bebidas ingeridas, não foram observadas diferenças significativas para os valores médios do VO2máx. Concluiu-se que o consumo de bebidas com diferentes tipos de carboidratos (alto e baixo índice glicêmico), 20 minutos antes de um teste cardiorrespiratório, não é capaz de alterar positivamente o potencial aeróbico de corredores de rua. ABSTRACT Influence of previous intake of carbohydrates with high and low glycemic index on the aerobic potential of street runners Carbohydrates are molecules and the primary function is to provide energy. Among the formats, which are presented, such as the powder for the preparation of drinks are among the bestselling. Considering that carbohydrate supplements have been widely used among riders, this study aimed to evaluate the influence of previous ingestion of maltodextrin and isomaltulose on the blood glucose and aerobic potential of street runners. For this study, 12 healthy male subjects aged 22-38 years (27 ± 4.69), Body Mass Index (BMI) from 18.30 to 23.86 kg/m2 (21.46 ± 1, 76) and with fat percentage between 4.1 and 19.6% (8.4 ± 4.28). The participants (divided into two groups) previously ingested a carbohydrate solution with maltodextrin or isomaltulose on the first day and placebo on the second day. Their blood glucose levels were measured fasting after drinking and after exercise. The stress test used was that of Luc Léger, which consists of an aerobic protocol of easy execution with 21 stages and progressive difficulty. Although there were different changes in blood glucose for the three drinks ingested, no significant differences were observed for mean values of VO2max. It was concluded that the consumption of beverages with different types of carbohydrates (high and low glycemic index), 20 minutes before a cardiorespiratory teste, is not able to positively alter the aerobic potential of street runners.

El estudio caracterizó la productividad y eficiencia de 52 lecherías especializadas en el Valle del Cauca (Colombia). Se encontró que en promedio los predios fueron de 41,3 hectáreas y 133 animales, respectivamente. El cuadro reproductivo supuso: días abiertos (97-225), servicios por concepción (1,4-5,4) e intervalo entre partos en días (IPP) (382-520). Las pasturas básicas fueron estrella C.plestostachyusy guinea P. maximun, con rendimientos anuales de 18,6 Ton MS.ha-1, un consumo de MS de pasto por vaca de 9,44 kg y un total de 12,2 kg incluyendo los concentrados. Se determinó una relación lineal Y=Producción de leche (kg.día) = 5,6639 + 0,5513 X, R2=0,77, donde solo con pastoreo las vacas producen 5,66 l.vaca-1día y cada kg de concentrado adicional incrementó en 0. 5513 l.vaca-1día. Las vacas productivas fueron 84,8 vacas.hato-1 con 11,9 l.vaca-1día. La carga animal por finca fue 3,2 UGG.ha-1 con una productividad de 7965 litros.ha-1 año; donde por cada UGG que ingresa al sistema se mejora en 2816 l.ha-1año. De 34 variables analizadas las que determinaron la productividad de las fincas fueron: litros totales por lactancia (33,3%), vacas en ordeño (17,7%), hectáreas productivas (11,0%), 1. ha-1 año (7,8%), kilogramos de concentrado (5,3%) y MS del pasto en kg.ha-1(4,5%). Se identificaron cuatro sistemas de producción con base en pastoreo que dependen críticamente de los suplementos concentrados con asimetrías en componentes raciales que afectan negativamente la productividad.

Introduction: To the best of the authors' knowledge, no previous studies have described the effect of branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) on vertical performance during a week in professional volleyball players. This study assessed BCAA supplementation for a week, aiming to improve vertical jump performance in male professional volleyball players. Twelve male volleyballers were randomly assigned to a BCAA group (n = 6) or a control group (n = 6). The BCAA group ingested 21 g over a week, 7 g per day on Monday, Wednesday, and Friday, before a volleyball training session, while the control group drank a placebo drink. Participants performed 8 maximal countermovement jumps (CMJ); the 3 CMJs on Monday and Wednesday were evaluated after warm-up, after plyometric training, and at the end of the training session; and the 2 CMJs on Friday were evaluated after warm-up, and at the end of the training session. Compared with baseline, no significant differences in CMJ over the week were observed in BCAA or control group, neither between groups. The results indicated that 21 g of BCAA supplementation over a week did not improve vertical jump performance in professional volleyball players. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: nutritional alternatives from agro-industry byproducts that increase the productivity and sustainability of bovine production systems must be designed. Objective: to evaluate the effect of a cocoa husk-based supplement on the production and composition of milk from grazing crossbred cows. Methods: 10 Brown x Guzerat crossbreed cows‚ in the second third of lactation‚ with body weight and initial age of 450 ± 38 kg and 7 years‚ respectively‚ were used and distributed in a completely randomized design in two treatments and five repetitions. The treatments evaluated were control (not supplemented) and supplemented (2 kg/ animal/day of supplement). The supplement was composed of 25 % cocoa husk‚ 51 % wheat bran‚ 19 % ground corn grain‚ 2 % molasses‚ 1.60 % urea‚ 1 % dicalcium phosphate‚ and 0.4 % mineralized salt‚ and formulated to contain 19 % CP. The animals were subjected to 14 days of adaptation to the diet and experimental area‚ and 60 experimental days. Cows were housed in 8 paddock of 1 ha each (four paddocks for each treatment) uniformly covered with Brachiaria humidícola‚ provided with individual feeders and joint drinkers‚ in which they had free access to mineralized salt and water. To estimate milk production‚ the cows were milked daily at 6:00 a.m. manually and the milk produced was weighed immediately after milking. To evaluate the composition of the milk‚ individual samples were collected every 15 days. After collection‚ the samples were sent to the laboratory for analysis. Statistical significance was considered when p ≤ 0.05. Results: supplementation increased (p < 0.05) milk production (8.47 vs. 11.68 kg/d) ‚ and milk production corrected for 4 % fat (7.39 vs. 10.98 kg/d) in animals. Supplementation effected (p < 0.05) was verified on concentration of fat (3.15 vs. 3.60 %)‚ protein (2.84 vs. 3.09 %)‚ SNF (7.50 vs. 8.38 %)‚ and milk density (29.36 vs. 31.99 g/mL) in the milk. Additionally‚ an increase (p < 0.05) was observed in the concentration of lactose (4.26 vs. 4.57 %) and minerals (0.64 vs. 0.69 %) in the milk with supplementation. Conclusion: agro-industrial by-products supplementation improves production and composition milk from grazing crossbred cows. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

O uso de Esteroides Anabolizantes Andrógenos (EAA) vem apresentando risco elevado de preocupação mundial e o dano maior é quando a obtenção do produto é feita de forma ilegal. Por sua vez, a determinação do perfil dos usuários é um fato importante a ser esclarecido e as academias são os locais exatos para esta constatação. Com estas informações será possível as autoridades tomarem efetivas medidas preventivas. O objetivo do presente estudo foi verificar o perfil de usuários de esteroides anabolizantes nas academias de musculação do município de Presidente Prudente-SP. Para isso, foi aplicado um questionário contendo informações sócio demográficas sobre o uso de EAA a 357 voluntários de ambos os sexos (123 mulheres e 234 homens) com idade média de 26,57 ± 8,24 anos. O tratamento estatístico foi realizado por meio de teste Qui-quadrado com significância de p< 0.05 (software SPSS 13.0). Como resultado, 65,9% dos participantes que disseram não utilizar EAA conhece um amigo que já utilizou, e 96% dos usuários afirmaram conhecer outros consumidores dessas substâncias, o consumo de suplementos alimentares pode ser fator determinante. Concluímos que tanto os usuários como não usuários dos esteroides anabólicos androgênicos dizem conhecer outras pessoas que fizeram utilizaram estas substâncias e, o consumo de suplementos alimentares parece ser um fator de predisposição para o uso de EAA. ABSTRACT Profile of users anabolic steroids of city Presidente Prudente-SP The use of anabolic steroids androgens (ASA) has showed a serious level of concern worldwide and that can be very dangerous is when the purchase is made by illegal market. For this reason, the determination of users profile is very important information that should be cleared and the gym is local that possibly can have users. So, the profile classification of this population is very important for health public department can be take preventive measures. The aim of this study is to verify the profile of users of anabolic steroids by practitioners of gym city of Presidente Prudente-SP. For this it was applied questionnaire about demographic information and use anabolic steroids, the sample 357 volunteers (123 women’s and 234 men) aged 26,57 ± 8,24 years. The statistical analysis was done with Qui-square test, p< 0.05 significance and software SPSS 13.0. The results showed that 65,9% from no users ASA say to know and 96% users to know other users and the consumption of ergogenic aids are very important. We conclude that the users or not of anabolic steroids androgens related to know other users of this substances and the consumption of ergogenic aids are the fact for predisposition for ASA consumption.

Objetivou-se avaliar suplementação energética, protéica, múltipla ou mineral sobre parâmetros digestivos e de consumo em ovinos alimentados com forragem tropical de baixa qualidade. O experimento teve duração de 56 dias, divididos em quatro períodos de 14 dias. Utilizaram-se quatro borregas, com seis meses de idade e peso corporal inicial médio de 20 kg. Os animais foram distribuídos em quatro baias individuais providas de cochos e bebedouros em delineamento quadrado latino 4 x 4. Foi utilizada como forragem a Urochloa brizantha cv. marandu in natura. Amostras de sobras e da forragem fornecida foram coletadas no 12º, 13º e 14º dias. No 13º e 14º dia de cada período experimental foi realizada a coleta total de fezes (48 horas). Os valores de proteína bruta da dieta consumida e excreção fecal respectivamente foram de: 4,78; 5,19; 7,18 e 8,44% e 0,326; 0,315; 0,317 e 0,356 g/dia para os suplementos mineral, energético múltiplo e proteico respectivamente. O suplemento protéico propicia um incremento ao nitrogênio da dieta, aumento da excreção fecal com possíveis efeitos sob as taxas de digestão e passagem da digesta pelo trato digestório.

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Introduction: ergogenic nutritional resources (REN's) are substances used by physical exercise practitioners and athletes to improve performance. Among the various types of Ren's, thermogenic and weight loss supplements have been widely used due to their effects on the increase of oxidation of lipid metabolism that impact on the reduction of body composition, but it contains substances that act on the central nervous system and can cause effects collaterals and are being widely used indiscriminately and without guidance. Objective: to describe in brief the main effects of the ergogenic resources, identifying the main consequences in human health. Methodology: a literature review was carried out by accessing scientific articles found in the Scielo, Google Academic and Pubmed databases, the following descriptors were used: supplementation, weight loss, ergogenic effects, side effects. Development: Thermogenic weight loss supplements that act on the central nervous system; ephedrine, 1,3-dimethylamylamine promote many side effects and heart risk. While well-administered caffeine has desirable effects, however, it has individual variations and L-Carnitine has demonstrated metabolic effects on lipid oxidation, but they are not fully understood. Conclusion: However, it is suggested not to consume these thermogenic and weight loss supplements with action in the nervous system because they are at risk of death. On the other hand, adopting a healthy lifestyle can contribute to weight loss. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this trial was to determine the effect of the utilization of 30 % shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) waste meal on some productive and reproductive indicators of grazing heifers, in Culiacán -Sinaloa, Mexico-. Between February and August, 2016, a trial was conducted with 12 Swiss Brown heifers, of 10-14 months of age, distributed in a completely randomized design with two treatments of six animals each: control treatment: 3 kg of supplement, which contained 100 % concentrate feed; experimental treatment: 3 kg of supplement which contained 70 % concentrate feed and 30 % shrimp waste meal. The remainder of the diet consisted in grazing and grass hay. The daily weight gain was favorable and significant with the presence of the shrimp waste meal (0,520 vs. 0,410 kg/animal/day); while the reproductive response was shown in the percentages of pregnant heifers at the end of the test (83 % in the experimental treatment vs. 50 % in the control). It was proven that the inclusion of 30 % shrimp waste meal allowed higher daily weight gain, as well as a decrease of some indicators of caloric stress, such as the pH of urine and feces, in addition to the rectum temperature; this permitted pregnancies in a shorter time period, essential aspect for cattle husbandry in Sinaloa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: dysbiosis is related to gastrointestinal symptoms and alterations of neurodevelopmental behaviors in children with autism spectrum disorders (Asd). objective: to evaluate the dysbiosis before and after a biological and nutritional treatment in children with Asd. Methods: this was an applied, experimental and prospective study of dysbiosis in 67 children: Group A: 35 children without Asd. Group B: 32 children with Asd before and after treatment from August 2016 to July 2017. epidemiological, clinical (gastrointestinal symptoms, neurodevelopmental behaviors) and microbiological (stool analysis) data were collected. dysbiosis was classified as: absent, Grade I, Grade II and Grade III. Results: Group A: without dysbiosis 23, with dysbiosis 12; Group B before treatment: without dysbiosis 7, with dysbiosis 25; Group B after treatment: without dysbiosis 3, with dysbiosis 29. Main microorganism causing dysbiosis were: before treatment Klebsiella pneumonieae and after treatment, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia fergusonii, Streptococcus spp. and Enterococus faecium. Abdominal pain and diarrhea were the gastrointestinal symptoms that improved after treatment (p <0.001). tantrums was the behavioral alteration that improved in association with decreasing dysbiosis (p <0.018) after treatment. Withholding gluten and casein from the diat, and a supplementation with omega 3 and zinc had a significant beneficial on tantrums (p <0.001, 0.001, 0.044 and 0.039 respectively). Conclusions: a diet free of gluten and casein together with biological supplements was associated with improvement in dysbiosis and therefore it could also favour a decrease in gastrointestinal symptoms and alterations of tantrums in children with Asd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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O consumo de suplementos nutricionais de forma indiscriminada, sem orientação adequada e também sem necessidade, é uma das grandes preocupações da Ciência dos Esportes. Diante destas informações o presente estudo objetivou analisar o consumo de suplementos nutricionais e a eficácia de um plano de acompanhamento nutricional individualizado em praticantes de musculação frequentadores de uma academia de Frederico Westphalen-RS. Para a coleta de dados os grupos foram submetidos à avaliação nutricional e aplicação de questionário para investigação do consumo de suplementação. Foram avaliados 24 praticantes de musculação, do sexo masculino, com idade entre 18 a 29 anos. Em relação ao estado nutricional verificamos que a grande maioria dos indivíduos eram eutróficos, segundo a classificação do IMC e apresentavam percentual de gordura corporal dentro das faixas de normalidade. Os resultados mostraram que o número e a variedade de suplementos consumidos foram consideravelmente altos, onde a grande maioria faz uso de três ou mais suplementos juntos. O suplemento mais citado foi o Whey protein (27%,) em relação à fonte de indicação para o uso de suplementos, 53% seguem a recomendações de amigos. Pode-se constatar que os grupos que receberam orientações nutricionais e plano alimentar individualizado apresentaram reduções de peso, circunferência da cintura e percentual de gordura corporal, fato que reforça a importância da atuação do profissional nutricionista nas academias. ABSTRACT Consumption of food supplements by bodybuilders and its relationship with the individual nutritional monitoring The consumption of nutritional supplements indiscriminately without proper need and also without orientation, is a major concern of the Sports Science. Based on this information the present study aimed to analyze the consumption of nutritional supplements and the effectiveness of an individualized nutritional counseling plan on bodybuilders of a Frederico Westphalen-RS gym goers. For data collection the groups were submitted to nutritional assessment and a questionnaire to investigate the supplementation consumption. We evaluated 24 practitioners of bodybuilding, male, aged 18 to 29 years. In relation to nutritional status we found that the vast majority of the individuals were normal weight, according to BMI classification and had body fat percentage within the normal ranges. The results showed that the number and variety of supplements consumed were considerably high, where the vast majority makes use of three or more supplements together. The most cited was the Whey protein supplement (27%) compared to the source indication for the use of supplements, 53% follow the recommendations of friends. It can be seen that the groups that received nutritional counseling and individualized eating plan showed reductions in weight, waist circumference and body fat percentage, which reinforces the importance of professional nutritionist performance in academies.

Foi realizada avaliação nutricional de praticantes de musculação em uma academia de Santa Maira-RS. O estudo tem caráter transversal, com avaliação nutricional de 27 indivíduos (89% do sexo masculino) que utilizavam suplementos nutricionais. Os dados foram avaliados utilizando estatística descritiva. Os resultados antropométricos mostraram que o percentual (%) de gordura estava elevado para as mulheres (24,93 ± 0,12) e homens (18,17 ± 2,98). O maior objetivo do uso de suplementos compostos basicamente por aminoácidos, é a hipertrofia muscular. Nos dados qualitativos destacaram-se o elevado consumo de ovos e o déficit de fontes de cálcio. Os participantes não seguem uma orientação apropriada de suplementos e nem se alimentam adequadamente. ABSTRACT Nutritional assessment with weight lifters at a fitness center in Santa Maria-RS It was carried out a nutritional assessment with weight lifters at a fitness center in Santa Maria, RS. Such study has a transversal character, with nutritional assessment of 27 individuals (89% male sex) who made use of nutritional supplements. The data were evaluated using descriptive statistics. The anthropometric results showed that the percentage of fat was high related to women (24.93 ± 0.12) and men (18.17 ± 2.98). The main objective of using the supplements compounded by amino acid, it is the muscle hypertrophy. Concerning the qualitative it was shown up the high consumption of eggs and a deficit of calcium. The participants neither follow an appropriate orientation of supplements nor eat adequately.

Estudos analíticos com suplementos têm constatado a não conformidade de seus principais macronutrientes na sua composição e os descumprimentos das legislações vigentes quanto a obrigatoriedade das informações na rotulagem. Nesse enfoque, o objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar sob a ótica analítica experimental e da rotulagem nutricional suplementos proteicos tipo barras. Os padrões metodológicos seguiram as normas internacionais da AOAC (2000) e as análises de rotulagens de seis barra proteicas sendo 3 de marcas nacionais e 3 internacionais, adquiridas em lojas especializadas da cidade de Belém do Pará. Os dados obtidos foram enquadrados e comparados com as legislações vigentes. Os resultados apresentados mostram várias inadequações quantitativas oscilando entre 63 a 84,9% para os teores de proteínas, encontram-se abaixo do preconizado pela legislação (10 g por porção), sendo o maior valor encontrado de 5,14 g. O alto conteúdo lipídico e de carboidratos, resultando em maior valor energético, para todas as marcas analisadas. Discordâncias observadas também para os dados de rotulagem, no que se refere as informações obrigatórias nos rótulos, todas as marcas apresentaram inadequações, como a não legibilidade da indicação do lote, prazo de validade, modo de conservação, quanto aos intens. “contém glúten” ou “não contém” glúten, dificuldade de compreensão do texto, presença de imagens proibida nas embalagens, idioma, dentre outras. Em suma esta pesquisa mostra que esses produtos não se enquadram no padrão de alimentos proteicos exigidos pela legislação. Quanto a rotulagem as informações presentes estão em desacordo e insuficientes, além dos descumprimentos das normas legais estabelecidas. ABSTRACT Comparison of labeling parameters and composition nutritional protein bars The use of sports supplements associated with regular physical activity comes in many forms, among them protein supplements in bars. Experimental studies with analytical supplements have not found the quantitative compliance of its main macronutrients in relation to nutritional information, the composition, the amount of nutrients on the labels, in addition to breaches of existing laws. In this approach, the aim of this study was to evaluate under the experimental analytical perspective and nutritional supplements labeling type protein bars. The methodological standards followed international standards AOAC (2000) and analysis of labeling six protein bar type supplements being 3 national and 3 international brands, purchased in specialty stores in the city of Belém do Pará. The data were classified and compared with current legislation. The results show various quantitative inadequacies ranging from 63 to 84.9% for protein, are below the recommended by law (10 g per serving), the highest value of 5.14 g. The high lipid content and carbohydrates, resulting in higher energy, for all brands analyzed. Disagreements also observed for the labeling data, as regards the mandatory information on labels, all brands had several inadequacies, such as non-legibility of the lot indication, expiry date, storage mode, as the intens. "Contains gluten" or "does not contain" gluten, difficulty understanding the text, the presence of forbidden images on the packaging, language, among others. In short this research shows that quantitatively these products do not fit the pattern of protein foods required by law. As for labeling information provided disagree and insufficient, besides the notorious breaches of established legal norms.

RESUMO Introdução: Frequentadores de academias têm características próprias que os diferenciam de outros grupos. Objetivo: Descrever o perfil antropométrico, analisar o consumo alimentar e a autopercepção corporal associada ao uso de suplementos nutricionais.Materiais e métodos: Estudo transversal que analisou 127 indivíduos. Os dados antropométricos foram observados através do índice de massa corporal e porcentagem de gordura. Analisou-se a autopercepção corporal através de questões fechadas e escalas de silhuetas. Verificou-se a prática habitual de exercícios físicos e o uso de suplementos. Relativo à ingestão alimentar verificou-se a adequação de vitaminas A, C e E, cálcio, ferro, selênio e zinco, calculados através do programa Dietwin® 2008. Para análise estatística utilizou-se o programa Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) versão 18.0, sendo considerados significantes valores de p < 0,05. Resultados: O perfil antropométrico 66,4% da amostra apresentou-se eutrófico. Observou-se prevalência de parâmetros médios aceitáveis de gordura corporal. Quanto à análise da satisfação com a aparência física, 60,6% referiram estar satisfeitos com sua imagem corporal. Na escala de silhuetas, 23% dos indivíduos enxergavam-se eutróficos em relação à aparência atual, com desejo de silhueta menor, onde observou-se prevalência de suplementação. A ingestão calórica mostrou-se hipoglicídica, hiperproteica e hipolipídica. Verificou-se inadequação do consumo das vitaminas A, C e E, e do cálcio.Conclusão: Em relação ao perfil antropométrico houve maior prevalência de eutrofia. Apresentou-se dieta hipoglicídica, hiperproteica e hipolipídica, com inadequação significativa para macronutrientes e micronutrientes. Verificou-se o uso de suplementos em maior proporção nos indivíduos insatisfeitos com a imagem corporal, com desejo de silhueta menor. ABSTRACT Nutritional assessment and body self-perception associated with the use of supplements for bodybuilders in some towns of Serra Gaúcha Introduction: Gym goers have specific characteristics which differ them from other groups. Aim: The aim of this study is to describe the anthropometric profile, to analyze the food consumption, and the body self-perception associated with the use of supplements. Materials and methods: Cross-sectional study that has analyzed 127 individuals. The anthropometric data have been observed through the body mass index and the body fat percentage. The body self-perception has been analyzed through close questions and silhouettes scales. The regular practice of physical exercises and the use of supplements have been verified. The dietary intake has verified the adequacy of macronutrients and micronutrients – vitamins A, C and E, calcium, iron, selenium and zinc, calculated through the Dietwin program. For statistical analysis, the Statistical Package for Social Sciences program (SPSS), version 18.0, have been used, considering significant values of p

O uso de suplementos dietéticos por frequentadores de academias parece ser bastante comum, independentemente do nível socioeconômico. A regulamentação sobre o uso de suplementos ainda não está definida e pouco se sabe sobre o conhecimento que os usuários têm a respeito destes produtos. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o conhecimento dos frequentadores de uma academia de Novo Cruzeiro, cidade do Vale do Jequitinhonha (MG), sobre os suplementos por eles utilizados. Métodos: Indivíduos entre 18 e 60 anos, sendo 51 mulheres e 49 homens, responderam a um questionário sobre o uso de suplementos e sua indicação. Aspectos socioeconômicos e escolaridade também foram questionados. Resultados: O consumo de suplementos é maior entre os jovens. Os suplementos hipercalóricos são os mais utilizados (12%), seguido pelos isotônicos (9%) e Whey protein (7%). Usualmente a indicação é de amigos. Conclusão: O consumo de suplementos é alto, porém não tem uma orientação adequada. ABSTRACT Assessment of knowledge about food supplementation of practitioners of academy from Novo Cruzeiro-MG The use of dietary supplements by academies goers seems to be common regardless of socioeconomic status. The regulations on the use of supplements is not yet defined and few known about the knowledge that users have regarding these products. This study aimed to evaluate the knowledge of the goers of gym from Novo Cruzeiro (MG), about the supplements they use. Methods: Subjects aged between 18 and 60 years old, 51 women and 49 men, answered a questionnaire about the use of supplements and indications. Socioeconomic and educational level were also questioned. Results: Supplement use is higher among young people. The calorie supplements are used more frequently (12%), followed by isotonic (9%) and whey protein (7%). Usually the indication is friends. Conclusion: The use of supplements is high, but does not have a proper guidance.

Ganho de força, aumento da massa muscular, aumento da capacidade aeróbia, redução da gordura corporal, redução da fadiga, rápida recuperação e outros fatores que melhorem o desempenho físico esportivo são objetivos comuns entre atletas. Suplementos hidroeletrolíticos, energéticos e proteicos compõem três grandes grupos de alimentos amplamente utilizados por atletas, e a Agência Mundial Antidoping (WADA) regulamenta o uso desses produtos. Para elaborar esta revisão sistemática, os autores partiram da série A-Z of supplements: dietary, sports, nutrition foods and ergogenic aids for health and performance do British Journal of Sports Medicine para investigar as melhores estratégias de prescrição de suplementação nutricional para atletas. Foram utilizadas as bases de dados do PubMed, Scielo, American College of Sports Medicine, Revista Brasileira de Nutrição Esportiva, Google Acadêmico e Periódico Capes. Atletas suplementados com carboidratos, aminoácidos de cadeia ramificada (BCAA) e arginina apresentaram melhora aguda no desempenho e rendimento físico. Atletas suplementados com creatina, β-hidroxi-β-metilbutirato (HMB), leucina, proteína do soro do leite, e triglicerídeos de cadeia média (TCM) apresentaram melhora crônica na composição corporal e no desempenho físico. ABSTRACT Effects of nutritional supplementation on body composition and athletes performance: a review Strength gain, increase in muscle mass, increase in aerobic capacity, decrease in body fat, reduced fatigue, rapid recovery and other factors that improve performance in sports are common goals among athletes. Electrolyte, protein and energy supplements composes three major food groups widely used by athletes, and the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) regulates the use of these products. To write this systematic review, the authors started from the A-Z of supplements: dietary, sports, nutrition foods and ergogenic aids for health and performance, a paper from the British Journal of Sports Medicine, due to investigate better strategies to prescribe nutritional supplementation for athletes. Databases such as PubMed, Scielo, American College of Sports Medicine, Revista Brasileira de Nutrição Esportiva, Google Academic and Periódico Capes were consulted during this research. Athletes supplemented with carbohydrates, brached chain amino acids (BCAA) and arginine achieved acute improvement in physical performance. Athletes supplemented with creatine, β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB), leucine, whey protein, and medium chain triglycerides (MCT) achieved chronic improvement in body composition and physical performance.

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Introdução: As informações em rótulos de suplementos contribuem para a orientação do consumidor sobre a escolha do produto mais adequado às suas necessidades, no entanto, rótulos com informações não conformes à legislação sanitária podem afetar negativamente a saúde dos consumidores. Objetivos: Avaliar a conformidade de rótulos de suplementos de vitaminas e minerais comercializados na cidade de São Paulo no período de 2014 a 2017. Método: Foi elaborado um checklist com os principais itens relacionados à rotulagem, os quais foram verificados em cada embalagem: denominação de venda; lista de ingredientes; composição; conteúdo líquido; identificação de origem; identificação de lote; prazo de validade; frase de advertência e de orientação; cuidados de conservação; uso de expressões; rotulagem nutricional; informação sobre presença de glúten e aditivos permitidos. Resultados: As principais irregularidades observadas foram a presença de frases ou expressões induzindo o consumidor a engano (29%), a denominação de venda de forma incorreta (15%) e a declaração de componentes ativos não autorizados para suplementos vitamínicos (5%). Conclusões: Os resultados evidenciam os problemas relacionados à comercialização de suplementos vitamínicos e minerais no Brasil, em decorrência da complexa legislação, que dificulta sua interpretação gerando pretextos para as empresas produtoras burlarem a lei, prejudicando a saúde da população.

Introdução: Os tipos de suplementos dietéticos existentes no mercado são inúmeros, dentre os mais consumidos destacam-se os termogênicos que caracterizam-se por aumentar a taxa metabólica basal, facilitando a perda de peso. Objetivo: Avaliar o perfil dos consumidores de termogênicos em praticantes de atividade física em academias de Santa Cruz do Capibaribe-PE. Metodologia: Estudo descritivo de corte transversal, com praticantes de atividade física, que consomem termogênicos, com idade acima de 18 anos, de ambos os sexos, foi utilizado três academias no estudo. Os dados foram coletados através de questionário autoaplicável. Resultados: A amostra foi composta por 100 indivíduos, entre 18 e 50 anos, sendo 55% do sexo masculino. 60% dos consumidores de termogênico praticavam musculação há mais de um ano, de 3 a 5 vezes por semana. Os termogênicos mais consumidos eram à base de cafeína (68%), seguido pelo chá verde (26%) e carnitina (6%). Quanto à indicação, 37% foi indicado por amigos, 26% por instrutores da academia e 2% por nutricionista. A maioria dos consumidores (80%) referiu que o consumo do termogênico atingiu as expectativas quanto à redução da gordura abdominal e função estimulante. 85% relataram não ter nenhum efeito negativo como: insônia, dor de cabeça e tontura. Conclusão: O consumo adequado de termogênicos associado à prática regular de atividade física parece ser eficaz em aumentar a taxa metabólica basal, facilitando a redução da gordura corporal. Porém, mais estudos são necessários para esclarecer os consumidores sobre as vantagens e desvantagens do consumo de termogênico. ABSTRACT Consumer profile thermogenic practitioners in physical activity in the academies of Santa Cruz Capibaribe-PE Introduction: Types of dietary supplements on the market are numerous among the most consumed highlight the thermogenic that are characterized by increased basal metabolic rate, making weight loss. Aim: To evaluate the use of thermogenic in physically active academies in Santa Cruz do Capibaribe - PE. Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional evaluated physically active, consuming thermogenic, aged 18 years , of both sexes , three fitness was used in the study. Data were collected through self-administered questionnaire. Results: The sample consisted of 100 individuals, between 18 and 50 years, 55 % male. 60 % of thermogenic consumers practiced exercise for more than one year, 3 to 5 times a week. The thermogenic will be consumed were the caffeine based (68 %), followed by green tea (26 %) and carnitine (6 %). Regarding the indication was indicated by 37 % friends, 26 % by instructors from academia and 2 % by nutritionist. Most consumers (80 %) reported that consumption of thermogenic met expectations in relation to the reduction of abdominal fat and stimulating function. 85 % reported not having any negative effects such as insomnia, headache and dizziness. Conclusion: The adequate intake of thermogenic associated with regular physical activity appears to be effective in increasing the basal metabolic rate, facilitating the reduction of body fat. However, more studies are needed to clarify consumers about the advantages and disadvantages of the use of thermogenic.

Como uma alternativa aos suplementos proteicos, muitos atletas e praticantes de atividade física têm consumido um salgado que tem sido amplamente divulgado através de redes sociais na internet. A versão mais popular do salgado tem sido a de massa elaborada com carne de peito de frango e couve-flor. Porém, a relação entre carne de frango e couve-flor tem variado e até o presente momento nenhum estudo foi desenvolvido para caracterização desse salgado. Assim, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar física, química e sensorialmente formulações (F) do salgado elaboradas com diferentes percentuais de couve-flor (F1 - 33% e F2 - 47%). Na avaliação física, foram determinados os valores médios de peso, volume aparente, volume específico e fator térmico. A composição química das amostras procedeu-se de acordo com os métodos oficiais. O pH, acidez titulável e valor energético também foram determinados. Na análise sensorial, 50 provadores não treinados, de ambos os sexos, realizaram em prova aberta o teste sensorial afetivo de escala hedônica de 9 pontos. A aceitabilidade das amostras foi avaliada quanto ao aspecto geral e atributos cor, aroma, sabor e textura. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que a relação entre carne de frango e couve-flor levou a uma diminuição significativa no peso da formulação F2 antes e após a cocção, bem como no volume aparente e fator térmico. O teor de proteínas da formulação F2 também foi significativamente mais baixo. Contudo, na avaliação sensorial, ambas as formulações obtiveram índice de aceitabilidade acima de 70% para todos os atributos sensoriais avaliados. ABSTRACT Physical, Chemical and Sensory Characterization of a Hyperproteic Snack Eaten by Athletes and Physical Activity Practitioners As an alternative to protein supplements, athletes and physical activity practitioners have consumed a snack that has been widely disseminated through social networks on the internet. Its most popular version has been that of dough produced with chicken breast and cauliflower. However, the relation between both ingredients has varied and so far no study has been developed to characterize this snack. The aim of this study was to evaluate physical, chemical and sensorial two formulations (F) of the snack (F1 - 33% e F2 - 47%). On the physical evaluation, the mean values of weight, apparent volume, specific volume and thermal factor were determined. The chemical composition of the samples was carried out in accordance with the official methods. The values of pH, titratable acidity and energy were also determined. In the sensory evaluation, 50 untrained panelist, of both sexes, held in an open assay the affective sensory test of a nine-point hedonic scale ranging from 1 = dislike extremely to 9 = like extremely. The acceptability of the samples was evaluated for general appearance and the attributes color, aroma, flavor and texture. The results obtained showed that the relation between chicken meat and cauliflower led to a significant decrease in the weight of the formulation F2 before and after cooking, as well as in the apparent volume and heat factor. The protein content of formulation F2 was also significantly lower. However, in the sensory evaluation, both formulations showed acceptability index above 70% for all sensory attributes evaluated.

The study characterizes productivity and efficiency of 52 specialized dairies in Valle del Cauca (Colombia). It was found that, on average, the farms were 41.3 hectares and 133 animals respectively. The reproductive status was: open days (97-225), services by conception (1.4-5.4), in interval between births in days (IPP) (382-520). The basic pastures were Stargrass C. plestostachyus and Guinea P. maximun, with yields per year of 18.6 DM.Ton.ha-1 year and dry matter intake (DMI) of cow pasture of 9.44 kg and total of 12.2 kg including supplements. A linear relationship was determined: Y = Milk yield (kg.day) = 5.6639 + 0.5513 X, R² = 0.77, where with only grazing, cows produce 5.66 l.cow-1day and each kg of additional supplements increases by 0.5513 l.cow-1 day. The productive cows were 84.8 farm-1 cows with 11.9 l.cow-1day. The animal load per farm was 3.2 large livestock units (LLU)) per ha with a productivity of 7965 liters.ha-1year; where for each LLU that enters the system, is improved by 2816 l.Ha-1year. Of the 34 variables analyzed, those that determined the productivity of the dairies were: total litters per lactation (33.3%), milking cows (17.7%), Ha productive (11.0%), liters per Ha year (7.8%), supplements (5.3%) and pasture production DM kg.Ha-1 (4.5%). Four grazing-based production systems were identified that depend critically on concentrated supplements with severe asymmetries in racial components that negatively affect productivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]