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Frequent oil spill accidents and the discharge of oily wastewaters cause significant threats to the marine ecological systems and human health. Herein, a CuS microspheres-based superhydrophobic paper (CuS SP) has been prepared with the photothermal property for efficient oil/water separation and emulsions. To increase the durability, polydopamine is introduced to cellulosic fibers of the filter paper via the self-assembly of dopamine. The CuS SP exhibits a water contact angle of 150.5° and an oil contact angle of ~ 0°, displaying excellent superhydrophobicity and superoleophilicity. Also, the CuS SP possesses excellent chemical resistance, thermal stability, mechanical durability, and self-cleaning property. More importantly, the maximum surface temperature of the CuS SP can reach about 54.6 °C after 100 s under one sunlight irradiation (1.0 kW m−2), and it remains at about 54 ℃ even after 10 cyclic tests with light on and off. The separation flux of CCl4 can be increased by about 14.3% under one sunlight irradiation by using the CuS SP when compared with that without sunlight irradiation. Although the photothermal effect has no obvious influence on the separation efficiency, the CuS SP still shows a high separation efficiency (> 99%) for CCl4/water mixture under 15 cyclic separation tests with/without sunlight irradiation. Besides, in situ experimental observations for the separation of oil-in-water emulsions have been investigated with the CuS SP by using an optical microscopy, and the possible mechanisms for the separation of oil-in-water emulsions are discussed. Thus, the as-prepared CuS SP shows great potentials in the fields of self-cleaning, and the separation of oil/water mixtures and emulsions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As non-biodegradable single-use plastic packaging products have been restricted in recent years, paper-based materials have attracted considerable attention owing to their environmental benefits. However, the hydrophilic nature of paper-based materials limits their application as replacements for non-biodegradable plastics. In this study, an environmentally friendly and multifunctional superhydrophobic paper was developed using silane-modified superhydrophobic nanofibrillated cellulose (M-NFC) via a simple spraying method. This paper can reduce the white pollution caused by non-degradable single-use plastic packaging products. Upon spraying the base paper with 1.5 g/m2 of M-NFC, the coated paper (CP) exhibited excellent superhydrophobicity (water contact angle of 160°), water repellency (Cobb value of 7.5 g/m2), strong durability to sandpaper abrasion, finger-wipe, bending, folding, and sustained exposure to corrosion media (HCl with a pH of 1, NaOH with a pH of 10, high temperature treatment at 180 °C, and ultraviolet irradiation). Additionally, the CP surface directly prevented the adhesion of S. aureus and E. coli and also indirectly repelled solid contaminants upon washing with water, thereby demonstrating highly efficient antibacterial and anti-fouling properties. The durable and multifunctional superhydrophobic paper developed in this study provides a novel direction for solving white pollution and also presents a new research pathway for the potential applications of paper-based materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, separating oil-water mixed pollutants has emerged as an increasingly significant part of sustainable development due to oil-containing wastewater discharged and offshore oil spills. Therefore, developing stable and efficient materials for the separation of oily wastewater has garnered significant attention in current research. Herein, a novel superhydrophobic functionalized MOFs-based cellulose paper (PDMS/UiO-66-NH 2 @CP) was successfully synthesized by integrating cellulose paper (CP) with UiO-66-NH 2 via solvothermal method and further modifying with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), which was used as an oil-water separation material to purify oily wastewater. The reaction procedure is facile and simple, and the preparation method is efficient. Notably, the as-synthesized PDMS/UiO-66-NH 2 @CP showed excellent superhydrophobicity/superlipophilicity, with a water contact angle up to 162° and an oil contact angle (OCA) of approximately 0º, and it can still maintain superhydrophobic stability under strong acid or alkali conditions. Furthermore, the surface of superhydrophobic paper cannot been adhered by dye solution and powder, indicating its good self-cleaning and anti-fouling ability. Moreover, the composite paper displayed exceptional UV blocking property with the ability to block 99% ultraviolet. Attributed to these characteristics, PDMS/UiO-66-NH 2 @CP as an oil-water separator demonstrated exceptional performance in separating oil-water mixtures and emulsions, achieving efficiencies exceeding 98% and fluxes in the range of 105.26−412.14 L·m-2·h-1. More importantly, it displayed remarkable recyclability and its separation efficiency was still above 98% after 50 cycles. This study not only develops a facile and effective strategy for preparing superhydrophobic papers, but also provides innovative and instructive guidance for developing efficient oil-water separation materials. [Display omitted] • A novel superhydrophobic UiO-66-NH 2 -modified cellulose paper is prepared. • The composite paper exhibited excellent superhydrophobicity/superlipophilicity. • The composite paper displayed good self-cleaning and anti-fouling ability. • The composite paper showed excellent UV-blocking property. • The paper as an oil-water filter can efficiently separate oil-water mixtures and emulsions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The incorporation of Janus silica and titanium dioxide fillers in wood fibre networks (handsheets) with 10, 20, and 40 wt% loading by filtration and layer‐by‐layer (LBL) deposition was demonstrated. The effect of filler's dual functionality on the wettability and water vapour transmission rate of handsheets loaded with the Janus fillers was investigated. Without silanization, the handsheets with silica filler are hydrophilic except when prepared by LBL and 40 wt% Janus silica filler. It was also found that silanization of the handsheets in conjunction with Janus fillers results in the formation of superhydrophobic handsheets with minimal liquid water absorption. Only the silanized handsheets prepared at 40 wt% Janus TiO2 filler loading were found to be hydrophobic. The lowest values of 231 and 237 g · m−2 · day−1 for the water vapour transmission rate was obtained for silanized handsheets with a Janus silica and titanium dioxide filler at 10 wt% loading, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traditional superhydrophobic materials for oil/water separation not only depend on non-renewable materials but also lead to secondary environmental pollution after use due to their non-biodegradation and introduction of toxic fluorochemicals. Herein, we reported a facile method to prepare durable and sustainable superhydrophobic-superoleophilic paper, which is combination of layer-by-layer (LBL) assembly of ZnO nanoparticles and carrageenan (CR) together with following polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) modification. The surface chemical composition, zeta potential, surface morphology, surface wettability and strength property of the modified paper were investigated. The PDMS/(ZnO/CR)7 multilayer-modified paper showed superhydrophobic-superoleophilic property and 2.6 % improvement in tensile strength compared with original paper. Meanwhile, this superhydrophobic paper exhibited excellent anti-bacterial adhesion ability and photodynamic bactericidal activity, which were more effective in preventing and eliminating bacterial contamination. Besides, the resultant paper had excellent self-cleaning, anti-fouling and water repellency properties, showed excellent separation performances for stratified oil-water mixture and water-in-oil emulsion as well as good recyclability. The obtained superhydrophobic paper also presented excellent mechanical robustness and environmental stability. We believed that superhydrophobic paper prepared in this study could have promising potential as an environmental-benign and effective oil/water separation material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Schematic diagram of μPAD/SWNT/Cuzyme exposure to Cu2+. [Display omitted] • Cellulose paper decorated with polymeric OTS shows excellent mechanical properties and service life in the water environment. • A simple method, which increase negative DNA chain length, was proposed to enhance the sensitivity of microfluidic biosensor. • The biosensor could measure the Cu2+ concentration ranging from 1 nM to 100 μMwith a detection limit of 0.65 nM. Microfluidic paper-based analytical device (μPAD) offers a simple and efficient platform for point-of-care monitoring, which can be beneficial for copper determination in livestock feed and manure. However, common cellulose paper has excellent hydrophilicity, causing μPAD is accompanied by poor mechanical properties, short service life, and low sensitivity. Here, a self-cleaning paper-based microfluidic biosensor for Cu2+ determination was proposed to overcome the mentioned shortages in the application. Polymeric octadecyl trichlorosilane was synthesized and decorated on cellulose paper to form hydrophobic paper, which can improve the hydrophobicity, self-cleaning, and pollution ability. In addition, hydrophobic paper, semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotube, and DNAzyme through the chemical bond were employed to fabricate a self-cleaning paper-based microfluidic biosensor. The properties were investigated using scanning electron microscopy, Raman, and electrochemical methods. The detecting parameters were also optimized. It could measure the Cu2+ concentration from 1 nM to 100 μM, and the detection limit was 0.65 nM. The self-cleaning paper-based microfluidic biosensor was applied to detect Cu2+ concentration in livestock feed and manure that can meet the requirements for fast screening and detection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the polymer PTSPM-PMETAC with anion adsorption properties was prepared by a one-step method, then the amino-modified nano-SiO2 was grafted onto the polymer to improve the roughness of the surface and enhance the stability of superhydrophobic properties, and a high-stability superhydrophobic paper with ion-induced wettability transition properties was successfully prepared. The study found that the paper can realize the reversible control of surface wettability through the exchange between the anions PF6− and Cl− adsorbed on the surface of PMETAC, and further investigation of the effect of different solvents on the ion exchange properties found that water was the poor solvent for ion exchange, while the mixtures of methanol, acetone, and methanol & water were the good solvent. On the whole, the preparation of superhydrophobic paper by this method not only simple in preparation process, low in cost and strong in universality, but also the prepared superhydrophobic paper has high transparency and good stability, which has great application potential in industrial production.

A superhydrophobic and flame-retardant filter paper was prepared by a simple immersion process intended for effective oil-water separation. Superhydrophobicity and flame retardancy were achieved via a magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)2) nanostructure formed on the filter paper surface and subsequent polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) treatment. The surface chemical composition, phase structure, morphology, and wettability of the as-prepared paper were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffractometry (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and water contact angle (WCA) measurement. The as-prepared paper effectively separated both immiscible oil-water mixtures and oil-in-water emulsions while exhibiting good reusability and flame retardancy. Therefore, this study provided a simple method to prepare multifunctional filter paper, with promising potential applications in oily water treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights • A food-safe superhydrophobic packaging paper was fabricated. • The method relied on combination of layer-by-layer assembly and wax treatment. • Moisture and air barrier properties of superhydrophobic paper was improved. • The obtained superhydrophobic paper showed promising prospect in food packaging. Abstract We presented a facile method for preparing a food-safe superhydrophobic packaging paper with improved moisture and air barrier properties in this study, which is combining construction of polymer-nanoclay hybrid multilayers with subsequent carnauba wax treatment. The polymer-nanoclay hybrid multilayers consisting of quadlayers of carrageenan (CR)/chitosan (CS)/montmorillonite (MMT)/CS were created using layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly. The surface chemical compositions, potentials and morphologies of the CR/CS/MMT/CS multilayer-modified paper samples were investigated. The paper sample modified with a wax-treated (CR/CS/MMT/CS) 2 multilayer gave a water contact angle of 151.4°. Compared with original paper, this superhydrophobic paper sample showed comparable tensile strength and excellent barrier properties against water vapor and air. Moreover, the obtained paper was used for strawberries packaging at ambient temperature, and it was very effective at reducing the weight loss and maintaining titratable acidity compared with the unpackaged strawberries, which might has a great potential as food packaging materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Oil/water separation is highly desired due to increasing industrial oily wastewater and frequent oil spill accidents. Here, superhydrophobic/superoleophilic paper was successfully fabricated by the combination of layer-by-layer (LBL) deposition of chitosan (CS) and hexadecyltrimethoxysilane (HMTS)-g-TiO2 on paper surface and subsequent heat treatment. The formation of CS/HTMS-g-TiO2 multilayers on modified papers was characterized. The wettability and physical strength of the modified papers were also examined. The paper modified with (CS/HTMS-g-TiO2)20 multilayers followed by heat treatment showed superhydrophobicity with a water contact angle of 167.4° and superoleophilicity with an oil contact angle of 0°. This paper had comparable tensile strength to that of original paper and excellent self-cleaning performance. The as-prepared paper could also effectively separate both immiscible oil-water mixtures and water-in-oil emulsions solely driven by gravity. The obtained paper exhibited stable recyclability, high environmental and mechanical durability. Therefore, this LBL-modified paper could be useful for oil spill cleanup and industrial oily wastewater treatment.Graphical abstract: [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a simple method for preparing high stability superhydrophobic paper with pH-induced wettability transition was proposed. Firstly, the pH-responsive monomer 2- (dimethylamino) ethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA), the silicon-containing crosslinking monomer 3-trimethoxysilyl propyl methacrylate (TSPM) and the fluorine-containing monomer hexafluorobutyl methacrylate (HFMA) were polymerized to prepare the pH-responsive polymer PHFMA-PTSPM-PDMAEMA. Afterwards, the amino-modified SiO _2 was grafted onto the polymer to provide roughness and then coated on the paper to prepare the superhydrophobic paper with pH-responsive properties. Further research found that the modified paper prepared by this method not only has strong stability and transparency, but also can realize the reversible regulation of superhydrophobic & lipophilic and super-oleophobic & hydrophilic properties under different pH-induction, and it has important application value in the field of oil-water separation in industrial applications.

Research on bio-based, fluorine free, and silane free superhydrophobic paper was of great significance in promoting the development of sustainable materials. Herein, we presented a facile and green method for fabricating superhydrophobic paper. First, a cellulose-based hydrophobic material (DAC-ODA) was synthesized by reacting dialdehyde cellulose (DAC) with octadecylamine (ODA) via a Schiff base reaction. Then, silica nanoparticles was used to enhance the surface roughness of the coating. The resulting coated paper exhibited superhydrophobic with a water contact angle of 155 ± 0.6° and a sliding angle of 4.1 ± 0.4°. Moreover, excellent repellent performances towards both cold and hot water were also observed. The superhydrophobicity of the coated paper were well maintained even when exposed to acidic/alkaline erosions and high temperature environment. Additionally, the coated paper demonstrated good recyclability, biodegradability, and biocompatibility. Thus, this cellulose-based superhydrophobic paper would be potential candidates for fabricating disposable superhydrophbic packaging materials with broad applications. [Display omitted] ● A green and facile approach to prepare cellulose-based superhydrophobic paper. ● The fabrication process is free of organic solvents and fluorinated reagents. ● Superhydrophobic paper has degradability, recyclability, and biocompatibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, hexafluorobutyl methacrylate (HFMA) and 3-trimethoxysilyl propyl methacrylate (TSPM) were used for polymerization. First, the one-step method is used to prepare a hydrophobic polymer with low surface energy (PHFMA-PTSPM), and then the amino groups on the modified silica surface are used to graft nanoparticles on the polymer to improve the roughness, thereby a new type of high stable super hydrophobic paper was prepared. The further study found that the paper after superhydrophobic treatment has strong hydrophobicity, and its water contact angle reached 156°± 1.6°. In addition, the coating on the surface of the paper after superhydrophobic modification has high transparency, and the effect of the superhydrophobic coating on the color of the paper is within the acceptable range of human eye recognition. Moreover, the modified paper not only has good weather resistance and folding resistance, but also has strong corrosion resistance to strong acids, strong alkalis and organic solvents.

The oil pollution is an increasing threat to nature and human health. Therefore, effective separation of oil from the oily wastewater is a challenging task. Through the nonsolvent vapor method, a superhydrophobic paper can be self-assembled by dropping the conjugated poly- p -phenylenes solution on the commercial filter paper in a nonsolvent vapor atmosphere. The numerous nano-mircostructral particles composed of polymer nanowires covered on the filter paper, just like the morphology of lotus leaves, lead to the excellent superhydrophobic effect. Moreover, the polymer-coated filter paper not only exhibits good mechanical stability, long-term durability, self-cleaning, but also has superhydrophobicity and superoleophilicity. The as-prepared paper possess remarkable oil/water separation ability for a variety of oil/water mixtures, including bromoethane, hexane, cyclohexane, petroleum ether, gasoline, dodecane, and the mixed oil of gasoline and diesel, demonstrating that it can be a good candidate for the treatment of industrial oil-polluted water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A fluorine-free superhydrophobic paper was prepared by a facile method involving layer-by-layer deposition of cationic starch and sodium alginate together with subsequent modification of trichloromethylsilane has been reported in this article. The surface chemical compositions, potentials and surface morphologies of the modified papers were characterized, respectively. The wetting abilities and physical strength properties of the modified papers were investigated. After 4-time deposition of cationic starch/sodium alginate bilayer followed by trichloromethylsilane treatment, the water contact angle of modified paper reached up to 161.7°, and the tensile strength increased by 6.8% in comparison to that of pristine paper. This as-prepared superhydrophobic paper not only showed low bacterial adhesion property, self-cleaning behavior, water repellency, as well as high durability against deformation, chemical and time, but also kept a high strength property under high relative humidity condition, which might has a great application potential in the liquid paper packaging industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Papers with nanoscaled surface roughness and hydrophobically modification have been widely used in daily life. However, the relatively complex preparation process, high costs and harmful compounds have largely limited their applications. This research aims to fabricate superhydrophobic papers with low cost and nontoxic materials. The surface of cellulose fibers was initially coated with a film of SiO2 nanoparticles via sol-gel process. After papermaking and subsequent modification with hexadecyltrimethoxysilane through a simple solution-immersion process, the paper showed excellent superhydrophobic properties, with water contact angles (WCA) larger than 150°. Moreover, the prepared paper also showed superior mechanical durability against 10 times of deformation. The whole preparation process was carried out in a mild environment, with no intricate instruments or toxic chemicals, which has the potential of large-scale industrial production and application.

The unique features of cellulosic paper including flexibility, biodegradability, and low cost enables it as a versatile, sustainable biomaterial for promising applications. In the paper industry, microsized mineral particles are widely used in the production of printing/writing paper grades, while rosin derived from trees is the earliest internal sizing agent for paper hydrophobication. On the basis of existing commercial practices associated with the use of mineral particles and rosin in paper production, we present a process concept of converting cellulosic fibers (paper-grade pulp) into “sticky” superhydrophobic paper involving the use of microsized mineral particles and rosin (a tree-derived natural product, mainly a mixture of resin acids, especially abietic acid with chemical formula of C 19 H 29 COOH). Internal filling of cellulosic networks with mineral particles was basically used to hold out the mineral particles added at the surface, and the delicate integration of wet-end/surface applications of mineral particles with paper surface engineering with rosin/alum led to the development of “sticky” superhydrophobicity, i.e., ultrahigh water-repellency and strong adhesion to water. This proposed concept may provide valuable implications for expanding the use of paper-based products to unconventional applications, e.g., ultrahigh-performance ink jet printing paper for mitigating the “coffee-ring effect” and paper-based microfluidic devices for biomedical testing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Superhydrophobic paper with remarkable durability is of considerable interest for its practical applications. In this study, a scalable, inexpensive, and universal surface sizing technique was implemented to prepare superhydrophobic paper with enhanced durability. A thin layer of starch-based composite, acting as a bio-binder, was first coated onto the paper surface by a sophisticated manufacturing technique called surface sizing, immediately followed by a spray coating of hexamethyl disilazane treated silica nanoparticles (HMDS-SiNPs) dispersed in ethanol on the surface of the wet starch-coated sheet, and the dual layers dried at the same time. Consequently, durable superhydrophobic paper with bi-layer structure was obtained after air drying. The as-prepared superhydrophobic paper not only exhibited a self-cleaning behavior, but also presented an enhanced durability against scratching, bending/deformation, as well as moisture. The universal surface sizing of starch-based composites may pave the way for the up-scaled and cost-effective production of durable superhydrophobic paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Superhydrophobic and to some extent oleophobic paper surfaces are prepared using atmospheric pressure plasma etching. A novel dielectric barrier discharge operating in helium-oxygen mixture is used to rapidly etch organic material from paper surface and create hierarchical topography and subsequently a thin fluorocarbon film is deposited to modify the surface energy. The enhancement of surface topography is achieved via the selective removal of organic matter over inorganic calcium carbonate (calcite) fillers that co-exist in paper. The process led to the fabrication of roll-off superhydrophobic paper with water contact angles >150° and hysteresis <10° for all samples treated over 2 min with no deterioration of paper quality. Further treatment over 8 min resulted also in diiodomethane repellent surfaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Superhydrophobic materials have a lot of interesting potential applications. The self-cleaning property is a unique feature. Rendering the water-loving cellulosic paper superhydrophobic can open the door for value-added applications. Superhydrophobic paper is a fairly new area, and only very limited scientific publications are available in the literature. Among these publications, the topics on the use of mineral pigments in fabrication of superhydrophobic structures account for a large proportion. During the fabrication process, mineral pigments, e.g., silica, precipitated calcium carbonate, and clay, generally need to be hydrophobized, either directly or indirectly. Mineral pigments can be applied to cellulosic paper by surface treatment or wet-end filling, and good dispersabilities of these pigments are always highly demanded. A key mechanistic point is that by tunable particle packing or fabrication, mineral pigments may exhibit surface-roughening effects, which are critical for superhydrophobicity development. The roughening of a hydrophobic surface helps to enhance hydrophobicity. Possible concepts such as nano-structuring or controllable surface patterning of mineral pigments may help to improve superhydrophobicity. Environmental friendliness will also guide the scientific/technical development in this area.

Paper-based food packaging materials have gained great interests along with increasing environmental concern and fossil energy crisis. Inspired by strong adhesion of marine mussels, we proposed a simple and facile method to prepare a durable paper-based packaging material in combination of superhydrophobicity and ethylene scavenging capability, which is first surface decoration of polydopamine (PDA) on paper surface followed by immersion into mixture solution containing halloysite nanotubes (HNTs), polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and stearic acid (SA). The PDMS/SA/HNTs@PDA-coated paper with a WCA of 157.5° exhibited excellent anti-fouling, self-cleaning and potential application in liquid food packaging. The obtained functional paper not only presented improved mechanical, barrier properties and outstanding anti-bacterial adhesion, but also could effectively extend shelf-life of cherry tomatoes under ambient conditions. After suffering from various rigorous treatments, the resultant multifunctional paper still exhibited excellent superhydrophobic durability. This study provided a new insight into fabrication of multifunctional paper-based materials for food packaging applications. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses a study on the synthesis of iron fatty acid particles for use in the preparation of composite coating solutions. Topics include the synthesis of the iron fatty acid derivative through the reaction between iron chloride hexahydrate and fatty acid, the fabrication of a superhydrophobic filter paper through spray coating and the potential of the particles to induce self-cleaning properties.

Interest in superhydrophobic paper is growing, and efforts have been made to prepare superhydrophobic paper with an improved physical strength property. This study reported a facile method for fabricating a superhydrophobic paper with enhanced physical strength through layer-by-layer self-assembly of poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH) and lignosulfonates-amine (LSA) on cellulose fiber surfaces, followed by a heat treatment at 160 °C for 30 min. The formation of PAH/LSA multilayers on cellulose fiber surfaces was confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), zeta potential measurement and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The XPS results showed that the contents of the two characteristic elements (i.e., Cl and S) increased with increasing bilayer numbers. The zeta potential of modified fibers was regularly inversed after each layer deposition. The AFM phase image revealed that the surface root-mean-square roughness of modified cellulose increased along with the increasing bilayer number. Moreover, the wetting properties and physical strength of handsheets prepared from modified cellulose fibers with and without heat treatment were tested, respectively. The result showed that the water contact angle was higher when LSA was in the outermost layer than when PAH was in the outermost layer, and the heat treatment improved the hydrophobicity for all the handsheets. The non-heat-treated handsheet prepared from (PAH/LSA) multilayer-modified fibers gave a water contact angle of 120.3º, and then after heat treatment, the contact angle reached up to 151.7º, indicating that high temperature treatment induced the most hydrophobic long chain groups in LSA macromolecules orientated to the multilayer-air interface. The tensile strength properties of both non-heat-treated and heat-treated handsheets made from PAH/LSA-modified fibers were significantly enhanced. When a (PAH/LSA) multilayer was deposited on the cellulose fiber surface, the tensile strength increased by 33.9 % for non-heat-treated handsheets and by 57.8 % for heat-treated handsheets compared to that of handsheets made from original fibers, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oily wastewater and organic dye wastewater discharged from modern industry have given rise to serious environmental pollution problem. Noticeably, the integration of superhydrophobicity and photocatalysis provides a facile and efficient way to address these issues. Inspired by mussel-chemistry, we fabricated a multifunctional paper through polydopamine (PDA)-induced in situ growth of Ag nanoparticles (Ag NPs) on paper surface followed by treatment with n-dodecyl mercaptan (n-DM). The resultant paper (PDA@Ag@n-DM) not only exhibited superhydrophobicity, but also displayed excellent antibacterial activity attributing to synergetic effect from bacterial adhesion resistance and photocatalytic bactericidal action. The PDA@Ag@n-DM paper showed good oil absorption capability, excellent separation properties for oil-water mixtures and water-in-oil emulsions, and obvious photocatalytic degradation ability for organic dye under visible light irradiation. Moreover, the PDA@Ag@n-DM paper presented enhanced mechanical, environmental and chemical stability. We believed that the as-prepared multifunctional paper will have great application promising in oily wastewater treatment and environmental remediation. [Display omitted] • A multifunctional paper was successfully fabricated by mussel-inspired chemistry. • The functional paper displayed superhydrophobicity with a WCA of 159.7°. • The functional paper had excellent antibacterial activity. • The functional paper exhibited excellent oil-water separation performance. • The functional paper showed good photocatalytic degradation of dye. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We fabricated robust and magnetic superhydrophobic papers by a facile and scalable one-step spray-coating method for efficient oil-water separation. The coating was consisted of epoxy resin (EP), polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), Fe 3 O 4 and SiO 2 nanoparticles. The surface characteristics of spray-coated papers were systematically investigated. The obtained EP@PDMS@Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 -coated paper possessed a water contact angle of 160º, fast magnetic response, excellent self-cleaning and anti-bacterial adhesion performance. The EP@PDMS@Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 -coated paper achieved effective recovery of oil from water as a magnetic-controlled vessel and efficient gravity-driven separation of oil-water mixture and surfactant-stabilized oil-water emulsion as a filtering material. Moreover, EP@PDMS@Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 -coated paper exhibited excellent mechanical and chemical stability. Overall, we believe that the robust, magnetic and superhydrophobic papers prepared by a facilely scalable one-step spray-coating method in this study will have a promising application prospect in oily wastewater treatment and oil spill cleanup. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • SRSP is achieved by synergistic enhancement between the hydrophobic nanoparticles and green-based waxes. • SRSP possesses safety, environmental concerns, and excellent durability. • SRSP surface directly prevented adhesion of water-based contaminants. Among the various paper-based technologies that exist today, superhydrophobic paper has attracted considerable attention owing to its incredible repellency and antifouling behavior against both water and oil based liquids. However, its practical applications are limited due to its poor durability and the use of fluorochemicals during the preparation process, which are harmful to both humans and environment. Herein, we developed a synergistic reinforced superhydrophobic paper (SRSP) using green-based waxes as an adhesive for grafting hydrophobic nanoparticles, thereby reducing safety and environmental concerns as well as improving durability. The resulting paper exhibits strong durability to sandpaper abrasion, finger-wipe, knife-scratch, tape-peeling, bending, folding, and sustained exposure to corrosion media. Additionally, not only does the SRSP surface directly prevented adhesion of water-based contaminants (e.g., muddy water, coca cola, or milk), but also indirectly repelled solid contaminants (e.g., hydrophilic or hydrophobic particles) upon washing with water, thereby demonstrating highly efficient antifouling ability. Intriguingly, the silicone oil-infused SRSP surface could easily repelled low-surface-energy droplets such as hot water, oil, or fouled oil. It is envisioned that the SRSP developed in this study can find potential applications in microfluidics, recyclable packaging materials, paper-based flexible electronics, and new sophisticated membrane-type materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: This study reports the preparation of superhydrophobic paper via a facile two step dip coating method. In the first step, filter paper samples were dip coated using an aqueous suspension containing Precipitated Calcium Carbonate (PCC) pigments and cellulose nanofibers, to form a highly rough layer on the surface of the filter paper. Subsequently, the coated papers were treated with a solution of alkyl ketene dimer (AKD) in n-heptane, which led to the formation of superhydrophobic paper. Contact angle measurements confirmed the superhydrophobic nature of the paper prepared. SEM analysis was also carried out to characterize the surface differences of the coated paper samples with and without the added cellulose nanofibers and to clarify the binding role of cellulose nanofibers. It was observed that cellulose nanofiber is a critical component to the formation of the rough PPC coating layer required for giving superhydrophobicity; it significantly improves the retention of PCC clusters on the surface of the paper and the retained PCC clusters offer the structure of dual scale roughness. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

• Paper-based materials are cheap, non-polluting, and renewable, becoming hotspot materials. • The preparation method and application of superhydrophobic materials are introduced. • Analyzed the properties and application fields of superhydrophobic paper. • The preparation methods and application fields of superhydrophobic paper are summarized. • The prospects for the development of superhydrophobic paper are prospected. Inspired by natural animals and plants, people have successfully endowed various substrates with superhydrophobic properties using bionics principles, thus solving multiple scientific problems. Paper-based materials are cheap, renewable, and have great application value. Therefore, the paper has been widely studied in the superhydrophobic fields. The premise of industrial superhydrophobic materials is to put forward a green, efficient, and simple preparation method. Meanwhile, the prepared superhydrophobic paper must have excellent comprehensive properties. This paper briefly introduced the origin preparation methods and the applications of superhydrophobic materials; then emphatically summarized its preparation. Finally, the properties and application fields of superhydrophobic paper prepared by various methods were described, and the development has been prospected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Superhydrophobic/superoleophilic paper with excellent self-cleaning and antibacterial activity was prepared via combination of in-situ growing Cu metal-organic frameworks (Cu-MOFs) nanoparticles on paper surface by simple layer-by-layer assembly together with subsequent polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) treatment under ambient conditions. The surface chemical composition, crystalline pattern, surface chemical functional group, surface morphology and wettability of the modified paper samples were investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope and water contact angle measurement. The synergetic effect of Cu-MOFs nanoparticles and PDMS was crucial and essential for achieving a superhydrophobic surface. The PDMS/(Cu-MOFs) 5 @paper not only showed self-cleaning, antibacterial activity and superhydrophobicity/superoleophilicity, but also exhibited excellent oil-water separation performance for oil-water mixture and emulsion. In addition, this obtained superhydrophobic paper showed good mechanical and chemical durability. In summary, the proposed method provides a new perspective into preparing superhydrophobic paper for oil spills treatment and environmental remediation. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the polymer PTSPM-PMETAC with anion adsorption properties was prepared by a one-step method, then the amino-modified nano-SiO2 was grafted onto the polymer to improve the roughness of the surface and enhance the stability of superhydrophobic properties, and a high-stability superhydrophobic paper with ion-induced wettability transition properties was successfully prepared. The study found that the paper can realize the reversible control of surface wettability through the exchange between the anions PF6− and Cl− adsorbed on the surface of PMETAC, and further investigation of the effect of different solvents on the ion exchange properties found that water was the poor solvent for ion exchange, while the mixtures of methanol, acetone, and methanol & water were the good solvent. On the whole, the preparation of superhydrophobic paper by this method not only simple in preparation process, low in cost and strong in universality, but also the prepared superhydrophobic paper has high transparency and good stability, which has great application potential in industrial production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: A simple technique for fabrication of superhydrophobic SiO2 paper was developed by spraying hydrophobic SiO2 nanoparticles suspension on paper substrate. The hydrophobic SiO2 nanoparticles were prepared by imparting octadecyltrichloro group on SiO2 nanoparticles. The as-prepared superhydrophobic SiO2 paper exhibted high water contact angle and low water sliding angle. Futhermore, the obtained superhydrophobic SiO2 paper was found to be highly transparent and the visibility of the character on the paper was not changed after spray-coating the hydrophobic SiO2 nanoparticles. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Papers with nanoscaled surface roughness and hydrophobically modification have been widely used in daily life. However, the relatively complex preparation process, high costs and harmful compounds have largely limited their applications. This research aims to fabricate superhydrophobic papers with low cost and nontoxic materials. The surface of cellulose fibers was initially coated with a film of SiO2 nanoparticles via sol-gel process. After papermaking and subsequent modification with hexadecyltrimethoxysilane through a simple solution-immersion process, the paper showed excellent superhydrophobic properties, with water contact angles (WCA) larger than 150°. Moreover, the prepared paper also showed superior mechanical durability against 10 times of deformation. The whole preparation process was carried out in a mild environment, with no intricate instruments or toxic chemicals, which has the potential of large-scale industrial production and application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]