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This article studies the introduction of the cargo truck to the sugarcane transportation system in six important sugar areas of the world: the United States (Louisiana, Florida and Hawaii), Australia, Cuba, Mexico, Brazil and the Philippines with the purpose of explaining the conditions economics that made it possible. Through this exercise, a direct relationship can be established between the increase in the productive capacity of the factories, the expansion of sugar cane cultivation, the growing demand for labor for the harvest of the plant, the mechanization of cutting and loading of grass and the takeoff of the American trucking industry, with the appearance of motor vehicles. Another relevant finding is that the motorization of transport did not extend in a homogeneous and synchronized manner to all points of the space studied. This caused the truck-tractor-railway triad to be consolidated (in order of importance) in the technologically developed areas of the global sugar geography; while in underdeveloped producing countries these means were combined with carts powered by blood traction. The contribution of the research lies in two fundamental aspects: the period of analysis (second half of the 20th century), which demands greater attention from sugar historiography, specifically in relation to technological changes-this has mainly specialized in what happened between the 18th and 19th centuries- and the approach to the object of study from a global and comparative perspective, which, although it does not exhaust all its possibilities, does provide elements for debate and the continuation of future investigations. The article was built with the specialized press with global coverage, national publications, reports on the sugar issue and the available bibliography. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The combination of hydrogel and fertilizer as slow release fertilizer hydrogel (SRFH) has become one of the most promising materials to overcome the shortcomings of conventional fertilizer by decreasing fertilizer loss rate, supplying nutrients sustainably, and lowering the frequency of irrigation. The hydrogel based on carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and polyacrylic acid (PAA) (CMC/PAA) was synthesized. All materials, Vinasse, hydrogel (CMC/PAA) and (Vinasse/CMC-PAA) were characterized by FTIR, XRD, and SEM. The formed hydrogel was applied to control the salinity of Vinasse to use it as a cheap and economical fertilizer. The results showed that using the prepared hydrogel with Vinasse (V/CMC-PAA) as a slow-release organic fertilizer decreased the EC value through the first six hours from 1.77 to 0.35 mmohs/cm. Also, using V/CMC-PAA can control and keep the potassium as fertilizer for 50 days. The productivity per feddan from the sugar cane crop increased by about 15%, and the number of irrigations decreased from 5 to 4 times. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract The combination of hydrogel and fertilizer as slow release fertilizer hydrogel (SRFH) has become one of the most promising materials to overcome the shortcomings of conventional fertilizer by decreasing fertilizer loss rate, supplying nutrients sustainably, and lowering the frequency of irrigation. The hydrogel based on carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and polyacrylic acid (PAA) (CMC/PAA) was synthesized. All materials, Vinasse, hydrogel (CMC/PAA) and (Vinasse/CMC-PAA) were characterized by FTIR, XRD, and SEM. The formed hydrogel was applied to control the salinity of Vinasse to use it as a cheap and economical fertilizer. The results showed that using the prepared hydrogel with Vinasse (V/CMC-PAA) as a slow-release organic fertilizer decreased the EC value through the first six hours from 1.77 to 0.35 mmohs/cm. Also, using V/CMC-PAA can control and keep the potassium as fertilizer for 50 days. The productivity per feddan from the sugar cane crop increased by about 15%, and the number of irrigations decreased from 5 to 4 times.

Background: Artificial sweeteners can cause glucose intolerance, which is a condition where the glucose in the blood is abnormal. Purpose: This research was conducted to determine the difference in blood glucose levels of mice as experimental animals that were given sugarcane juice as a natural sweetener and cyclamate solution as an artificial sweetener. Methods: The research method applied was laboratory experimental followed by checking blood glucose levels using a GCU easy touch glucometer and the data analysis method used was descriptive analysis. Results: the average blood sugar before treatment was P0 (control) 110 mg/dl, P1 (test animals given sugarcane juice solution) 63 mg/dl, P2 (test animals given sodium cyclamate solution) 69.5 mg/dl . Then, the average blood sugar after treatment was, P0 (control) 77.5 mg/dl, P1 (test animals given sugar cane juice) 81.5 mg/dl, P2 (test animals given cyclamate solution) 101.5 mg/dl etc. From this data, it was obtained that the level of glucose in the blood decreased by an average of 32.5 for P0. Then, there was an increase in blood glucose levels with an average of 18.5 for P1. In addition, there was an increase in blood glucose levels with an average of 32 for P2. Blood sugar levels in the treatments given cyclamate and sugar cane juice both experienced an insignificant increase in blood sugar, but within two weeks the average increase in blood sugar was highest in the treatment given cyclamate. Conclusion: There are differences in blood glucose levels of mice as experimental animals given sugarcane juice as a natural sweetener and cyclamate solution as an artificial sweetener.

The Território Prof. Cory/Andradina (SP), located in northwest São Paulo, has a high concentration of rural settlements, result of the expropriation of private lands due to a great pressure from social movements. The aim of this article is to analyze the trajectories of the struggle for land in the Território Prof. Cory/Andradina, focusing on the PA Santa Maria da Lagoa, located in the municipality of Ilha Solteira-SP. The research was carried out within the limits of the aforementioned Territory and the main source of information was the social actors who experienced the struggle through the qualitative methodology of Oral History. For that, 37 settled social actors who led or had active participation in the struggle processes were interviewed, four of them from the Santa Maria da Lagoa Settlement. The said Settlement was created in 2005, at the time with the highest intensity of occupations by social movements fighting for land in the Territory. In the case of Santa Maria da Lagoa, there was no occupation and there was no camp in the area, but the trajectories of the settled families allow us to observe the existence of a network of camps, consolidated at the beginning of this century, evidencing a long process of struggles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyzes sugar industry in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) from a historical and contemporary perspective (between 1961 and 2020). SSA accounts for about 77% and 74% of sugarcane and raw sugar production in Africa, respectively, and only 5 % of total world sugarcane production. Using a descriptive approach, it can be concluded that raw sugar and sugarcane production is dominated by the Eastern and Southern African regions, which contribute 86–90% of total SSA production. Despite the Eastern and Southern regions being the main producers, their production has been affected by irregular periods of drought. Sugarcane yields in SSA countries are relatively low, averaging 56 tonnes against a benchmark of 70–100 tonnes per hectare for the top 12 countries. It is clear that the increase in raw sugar and sugarcane production over the years has been “driven” by an expansion of the amount of cultivated land in favor of sugarcane, which is not sustainable in the context of long-term low productivity/efficiency of own production. The low level of yields per hectare has been reducing the competitiveness of SSA countries on the world market for a long time. The key to increasing the competitiveness of SSA countries is precisely the elimination of problems associated with the process of growing and subsequent processing of sugar cane and sugar. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the history of the perception of sugar from antiquity to the Middle Ages. The author shows how changes in society can be demonstrated by changes in the reflection of dietary attitudes towards sweet taste. Medieval society was influenced by ambiguous attitudes towards sugar and sweets in general. On one hand, sweet taste was associated with the risk of mental malaise, which contradicted religious devotion to the Christian faith; on the other hand, the description of sweet taste was often used symbolically in the Bible as an allegory of reward for strong faith. Sugar, however, found its way into pharmacy as a medicine and, above all, as a sweetener. Medieval trade between Europe and its Arab neighbours and the development of urban and international trade eventually opened the way for sugar cane to enter Europe. European merchants learned to produce sugar and, from the 16th century onwards, took their technological knowledge or knowledge of the organisation of cane sugar production to the newly discovered territories in America. The transfer of knowledge was the precursor to the Industrial Revolution and medieval concepts of sugar were forgotten. This article therefore provides a brief overview of medieval mindset regarding sugar and sweet taste. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Irrigation & Drainage is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Listy Cukrovarnicke a Reparske is the property of VUC Praha a.s. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are generated in a cell endogenously which have a nucleotide length of 18 to 26 and are also known as short non-protein coding RNAs. The majority of them are evolutionarily conserved in nature, suggesting a logical foundation for the anticipation of new miRNAs in association with their clusters in numerous plants. Considering this study, physical, bioinformatics and efficient methods are integrated to predict the fresh miRNA clusters along with their targets in sugar cane. In sugar cane, there were a total of 21 new miRNA clusters identified, which were linked to 15 miRNA families. These families are as 165a, 166b, 528a, 827, 2118, 2120b, 5168, 5564c, 5565g, 5568c, 6220, 6225, 6226, 6232a and 7540a. Multiple characteristics of such miRNA clusters, including web logo, phylogenetic tree and secondary structures have been developed. The minimal free energy (MFE) of the secondary structures has been attained and reported as well. In addition, mature miRNAs have been sought in stem section of the structure. Consequently, 115 miRNA targets were also found. These targets include substantial GO term which have important targets in the reproduction, DNA packaging, multicellular organismal process, gene expression, translation, transcription factors, protein binding, transporter activity, secretion, cell division, binding, growth & development and aging. Hence, the achieved results of novel sugar cane miRNA clusters target several types of significant genes which help in managing the environment for sugar cane for better crop production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many individuals exhibit a proclivity towards integrating healthful and functional regimens into their everyday dietary patterns. Within the realm of food products, beverages offer a fitting choice for infusing them with bioactive compounds. Sugarcane juice, a pleasantly sweet and invigorating beverage, has garnered notable interest in recent times owing to its nutritional merits. The primary objective of this study was to examine the physicochemical and sensory characteristics of sugarcane juice and subsequently optimize the formulation of a functional beverage centered on this ingredient. To optimize the formulation of the aforementioned beverage, the response surface methodology and a Box-Behnken design were employed. Lemon juice (in amounts of 0, 3, and 6 mL), turmeric (in amounts of 0, 0.3, and 0.6 g), and peppermint extract (in amounts of 0, 250, and 500 μL) were incorporated per 100 μL of sugarcane juice. The dependent variables examined in this research encompassed pH, acidity, soluble solids, turbidity, color indices, antioxidant activity, phenolic compounds, and overall acceptance. The outcomes of the study revealed notable trends. As the quantity of lemon juice increased, acidity, turbidity, L* index, b* index, total phenolic compounds, antioxidant activity, and overall acceptance displayed an upward trajectory. Conversely, pH, soluble solids, and a* index exhibited a decline. Moreover, increasing the quantity of turmeric resulted in a marginal increase in soluble solids, b* index, and total phenolic compounds, while causing a reduction in antioxidant activity and overall acceptance of the samples. Furthermore, an increase in the amount of peppermint extract yielded elevated levels of turbidity, a* and b* indices, total phenolic compounds, and overall acceptance of the beverages. However, this increase also led to a decrease in soluble solids and L* index. In conclusion, the optimal composition for the sugarcane juice-based beverage consisted of 6 mL of lemon juice, 0.2 g of turmeric, and 418 μL of peppermint extract. This particular formulation demonstrated superior physicochemical properties and garnered the highest overall acceptance among the samples evaluated. Therefore, it can be recommended as a health-promoting beverage within the food industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background The rural sector is an essential component of the country’s economy, and the economy is based on the large number of workers involved in various activities such as agriculture, forestry, and small and large-scale industries. People work in different industries like sawmills, sugarcane and Bidi factories for their livelihoods. These workers, among other factory workers, are frequently exposed to hazardous working conditions that can have a negative impact on their health. These workers are at high risk of developing respiratory and cardiovascular diseases due to prolonged exposure to dust, smoke and other harmful substances. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of yoga and pranayama on cardiopulmonary function in the sawmill, sugar cane and Bidi workers in the rural sectors. Methods 348 workers will be randomly assigned to the Yogasana and Pranayama group or the control group. The intervention of the Yogasana and Pranayama group will be planned for a 20-week program, while the control group will be continuing their as-usual activities. Cardiopulmonary function will be assessed for baseline parameters, and after the intervention has been completed similar parameters will be recorded. Conclusions It could be concluded that the Yogasana and Pranayama may be effective for improving the cardiopulmonary function in sawmill, sugar cane, and Bidi workers in rural sectors. Registration CTRI/2023/07/055733.

Pesticides applied to agricultural land have been shown to decrease the quality of water entering the Great Barrier Reef lagoon. This issue is addressed by the Reef 2050 Water Quality Improvement Plan which includes a pesticide reduction target. As part of a wider educational strategy, one method that could help meet the target is to provide stakeholders with information that assists in the selection and use of pesticide active ingredients (PAIs) that pose a lower risk to aquatic environments compared to those currently used. This study developed a Pesticide Decision Support Tool (PDST) in collaboration with stakeholders for the sugar cane industry. The PDST covers all PAIs registered and applied to sugar cane in Australia and four additional PAIs registered for use on crops grown in rotation with sugar cane. The PDST incorporates both the measure of mobility and persistence of a PAI and the measure of effect, which is based on the PAI application rate and ecotoxicity threshold value. The aquatic risk, which is the product of the measure of effect and the measure of mobility and persistence, is a measure of the likelihood that a PAI will reach the aquatic environment and cause harmful effects. Insecticide active ingredients (e.g., cadusafos, chlorpyrifos) posed the greatest aquatic risk, followed by herbicide active ingredients (e.g., MSMA, metolachlor), while fungicide AIs typically had a lower aquatic risk. An interactive spreadsheet allows characteristics, including application rate and tank mixes, to be considered when assessing the potential risk. While focusing on sugar cane, the results are equally appropriate to other crops that use the same PAIs provided the application rates are corrected to the new crop. In addition, the approach used in the PDST can be applied internationally and to any PAIs with sufficient toxicity, mobility, and persistence data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Enteric methane emissions from ruminants have emerged as a major challenge to the global agriculture industry. However, the lack of tools available to commercial farmers to measure and mitigate these emissions is preventing this challenge from being addressed. This study aimed to evaluate natural sugarcane extract's potential to mitigate these emissions in a commercial dairy environment and assess any impact on milk production and composition. The results of this study indicate a significant increase in milk production, with less methane detected across the herd. Bulk tank somatic cell counts were also reduced indicating improved udder health of cows. (1) Background: The purpose of this study was to assess the influence of a natural sugarcane extract (Polygain™) on milk production, milk composition and methane emissions on a commercial dairy farm. (2) Methods: A three-week baseline was established for lactating Holstein × Friesian animals. Following this baseline period, these animals were fed Polygain™ at 0.25% of their estimated dry matter intake for 3 weeks. Methane concentration in the feed bin was determined at each milking using the Gascard NG Infrared Sensor (Edinburgh Sensors LTD). (3) Results: During the intervention phase milk yield increased significantly from 26.43 kg to 28.54 kg per cow per day, whilst methane emissions and bulk tank somatic cell counts decreased significantly in the intervention phase. For methane concentration, an average of 246 ppm during the baseline periods reduced to an average of 161.09 ppm during the intervention phase. For the bulk tank somatic cell counts, the average was observed at 283,200 during the baseline and reduced to an average value of 151,100 during the intervention phase. (4) Conclusions: The natural sugarcane extract was shown to have the potential to mitigate enteric methane emissions while also increasing production and animal wellbeing outcomes in a commercial dairy setting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Why was the work done: Cachaça, the oldest distilled beverage in the Americas, has great historical and cultural significance. A review of cachaça production is important to preserve tradition, standardise industry processes, promote innovation and quality. This review offers a comprehensive overview of current knowledge and advancements in cachaça production, covering regulation, process control, product quality and future developments. What are the main findings: The production of Cachaça observes well defined regulations, with its processes encompassing both field and industrial practice. The review focuses on sugar cane cultivation, fermentation, distillation, and ageing in wooden barrels. It underscores the significance of regional factors such as climate, soil, and the varirty of sugar cane in shaping the sensory profile of cachaça. While a range of sugar cane cultivars have been developed and grown in different environments, further research on the adaptation of sugar cane crop is necessary. Fermentation of cachaça is spontaneous utilising the microbiota in the sugar cane juice. However, the use of wild sugar cane yeasts, complemented with commercial strains is increasingly used by producers. With regard to distillation, production of the spirit using copper still pots and ageing in tropical wood barrels remain prevalent in the industry. Why is the work important: This review contributes to ongoing efforts to enhance the quality of cachaça. Whilst the importance of traditional production methods is recognised, this review embraces advancements in technology coupled with insights to future perspectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sugarcane is the world's largest cultivated crop by biomass and is the main source of sugar and biofuel. Sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) enzymes are directly involved in the synthesis of sucrose. Here, we analyzed and compared one of the important gene families involved in sucrose metabolism in a high and low sucrose sugarcane cultivar. A comprehensive in silico analysis of the SoSPS family displayed their phylogenetic relationship, gene and protein structure, miRNA targets, protein interaction network (PPI), gene ontology and collinearity. This was followed by a spatial expression analysis in two different sugarcane varieties. The phylogenetic reconstruction distributed AtSPS, ZmSPS, OsSPS, SoSPS and SbSPS into three main groups (A, B, C). The regulatory region of SoSPS genes carries ABRE, ARE, G-box, and MYC as the most dominant cis-regulatory elements. The PPI analysis predicted a total of 14 unique proteins interacting with SPS. The predominant expression of SPS in chloroplast clearly indicates that they are the most active in the organelle which is the hub of photosynthesis. Similarly, gene ontology attributed SPS to sucrose phosphate synthase and glucosyl transferase molecular functions, as well as sucrose biosynthetic and disaccharide biological processes. Overall, the expression of SPS in CPF252 (high sucrose variety) was higher in leaf and culm as compared to that of CPF 251 (low sucrose variety). In brief, this study adds to the present literature about sugarcane, sucrose metabolism and role of SPS in sucrose metabolism thereby opening up further avenues of research in crop improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Agricultural Economics & Social Sciences is the property of Egyptian National Agricultural Library (ENAL) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: in this research, we assessed the level of organic inputs usage in contrast to chemical inputs in sugarcane producers at the ejido Jareros, Veracruz, in the municipality of Ursulo Galvan. Design/methodology/approach: Through surveys, a descriptive statistical analysis was conducted on the main socioeconomic aspects of the sugarcane producers in the ejido and an analysis of the means significance of the level of usage of agricultural inputs (chemical/organic) divided into five variables: pesticides, fungicides, acaricides, fertilizers and weed control. Results: The significance value of the five variables analyzed was: pesticides (p=0.1774); fungicides (p=0.2090); acaricides (0.3625); fertilizers (p=0.0005) and weed control (p=1.0000). Findings/conclusions: Based on the significance values and mean difference of the five assessed variables, it is concluded that the excessive use of nitrogenous fertilizers is the factor with the greatest potential to negatively impact the environmental and edaphic deterioration of arable soils in the Jareros ejido, State of Veracruz, Mexico. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Population growth and social and economic development demand increasing volumes of water for public supply, especially in scenarios where surface sources such as rivers may not meet the basic demands for the population. In southeastern Brazil, with emphasis on the Piracicaba region, there is a conflict over water use regarding agricultural and industrial activities, where the sugar-alcohol sector is widely highlighted. The region has thousands of hectares of sugarcane cultivated, which requires intensive use of fertilizers and pesticides, in addition to the need for large volumes of water in the production of sugar and ethanol, where the main effluent produced is represented by vinasse, used as fertilizer complement and soil hydration in sugarcane fields. This work presents the results of a geophysical diagnosis in a closed wetland, located in a sugarcane field region, to evaluate the hydrogeological function of this environment in aquifer recharge and the risks that land use can cause in the quality and availability of surface and underground water resources. The geophysical survey consisted of nine lines of electrical resistivity tomography in Schlumberger arrangement, submitted to 2D processing and inversion followed by interpolation and generation of 3D visualization models. The results indicate a direct connection between water accumulated in the wetland and the aquifer underneath, separated by an aquitard interface about 44 m thickness. The study points out to the high vulnerability to the input of pesticides and vinasse effluent from the surrounding sugarcane fields to the interior of the wetland, given the absence of riparian forest or buffer zone, in addition to the risk of contamination of surface and groundwater. Understanding the local hydrological dynamics should subsidize the sustainable use of the soil providing preservation of water resources, with emphasis on aquifers, a source of increasing importance in the face of the imminent scarcity of surface resources.

The research work carried out presents the objective of perfecting the design of the rotary vacuum filter from the raw material pulp of sugarcane bagasse, with a view to increasing the productivity of the Over Mechanics machine for the production of paper in the Business Unit. Basic (UEB) Cuba 9. To meet this objective, the specific theoretical methodology in pulping was used; The percentages of consistency in the inlet, mat formation and outlet streams were calculated, and the readings of the inlet streams were recorded before and after refinement, using operational technical methods and the control laboratory with its equipment intended for these purposes. The results reflect an increase in productivity of one ton per day, which translates into values such as an income derived from an increase in productivity of 8,000 pesos per month. This improvement was carried out in July 2022 and to date it has been possible for the production process to remain in operation, as suggested in this work, so the improvement can be classified as correct and applied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to examine the dynamics of sugarcane production in the state of Maranhão between 1998 and 2018 and characterize the producing municipalities based on economic, social and environmental dimensions. The 80 producing municipalities in this state were investigated using secondary databases such as the Demographic and Agricultural Census and the Municipal Agricultural Survey (PAM) of the Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE). Data were treated by exploratory factor analysis and cluster analysis. The results showed that even with production growth in recent decades, Maranhão is still far from being equal to other producers in the Northeast Region. In characterizing the municipalities, factors were extracted from their characteristics, namely: production and income; land use; productive resources; and environmental conservation. The ones that most influenced the formation of clusters were production and income; and environmental conservation. It was found that most municipalities have low income and agricultural production. Sugarcane cultivation is significant in only a few of the municipalities studied, especially in those where there are ethanol production plants. However, it is concluded that there is still a low conservation of environmental resources in most municipalities surveyed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Sugarcane is one of the main agro-industrial products consumed worldwide, and, therefore, the use of suitable soils is a key factor to maximize its production. As a result, the need to evaluate soil matrices, including many physical, chemical, and biological parameters, to determine the soil's aptitude for growing food crops increases. Machine learning techniques were used to perform an in-depth analysis of the physicochemical indicators of vertisol-type soils used in sugarcane production. The importance of the relationship between each of the indicators was studied. Furthermore, and the main objective of the present work, was the determination of the minimum number of the most important physicochemical indicators necessary to evaluate the agricultural suitability of the soils, with a view to reducing the number of analyses in terms of physicochemical indicators required for the evaluation. The results obtained relating to the estimation of agricultural capability using different numbers of parameters showed accuracy results of up to 91% when implementing three parameters: Potassium (K), Calcium (Ca) and Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC). The reported results, relating to the estimation of the physicochemical parameters, indicated that it was possible to estimate eleven physicochemical parameters with an average accuracy of 73% using only the data of K, Ca and CEC as input parameters in the Machine Learning models. Knowledge of these three parameters enables determination of the values of soil potential in regard to Hydrogen (pH), organic matter (OM), Phosphorus (P), Magnesium (Mg), Sulfur (S), Boron (B), Copper (Cu), Manganese (Mn), and Zinc (Zn), the Calcium/Magnesium ratio (Ca/Mg), and also the texture of the soil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We investigated the effect of sugar cane level and foaming process on the foaming properties, drying kinetics, and physicochemical properties of dried pasta sauce. Experiments were conducted on drying pasta sauce based on tomatoes, both non-foamed and foamed, at selected sugar cane concentrations (0, 15, and 30% g sugar/g concentrated tomato) and a constant drying temperature of 60°C. The results indicated that the density and viscosity of foamed pasta sauce were lower than that of non-foamed pasta sauce, thereby increasing the drying rate. The higher the sugar cane concentration, the higher the density and viscosity of pasta sauce, resulting in a slower drying rate. The Page model was found as the best model to describe the drying kinetics of pasta sauce. The foaming process and reducing sugar cane concentration generally decreased the final moisture and sucrose content, water activity, water solubility index, and hygroscopicity. Moreover, they increased protein content, water absorption index, and the color of dried pasta sauce. Considering the drying rate and physicochemical properties, we proposed the foaming process and less sugar concentration to produce dried-tomato pasta sauce. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of the research was to evaluate the sustainability of sugarcane cultivation in the Milagro Canton of the Guayas Province in Ecuador, addressing the economic, ecological, and social dimensions, according to the Multicriteria Analysis methodology. A survey was applied to a representative probabilistic sample of 277 sugarcane growers from a target population of 422 agricultural production units dedicated to sugarcane in the Milagro Canton. In the economic dimension, the economic indicator (EconI) was 1.64 (below the referential value of 2 proposed as sustainable by the methodology) due to limitations in the diversification of production, number of marketing channels, dependence on external inputs and access to credit, despite presenting an acceptable planted area, productivity, and profitability. In the ecological dimension, the conservation of soil life and avoiding its degradation was deficient, the management of limited biodiversity, the nutrition of the crop mainly with chemical fertilizers and degradation factors, the irrigation system and burning practices are susceptible to improvement (Environmentally Sustainable Index [ESI] of 1.25). In the social dimension, the Social Indicator (SI) of 3.1 was due to values of Satisfaction of basic needs, acceptability of the production system, social integration, and acceptable ecological awareness. The results indicate that sugarcane cultivation in the Milagro Canton is not sustainable because the General Sustainability Index (GSI) was 1.99, less than 2, and not all the indicators exceeded said value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Co 12009 was identified by ICAR-Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Coimbatore as a high yielding and midlate maturing variety which was selected from the cross of [{(Co 7201 x (Co 62174 x SES 91)} x Co 88037)}] x Co 62198. The variety was approved in the 83rd meeting of the Central Sub Committee on Crop standards, Notification and released for cultivation as a midlate variety in the States of Andhra Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Tamil Nadu and Telangana of Peninsular Zone. It has SES 91 (S. spontaneum) as a genetic base and is a product of three nobilized generations. It performed well in All India Coordinated Research Project AICRP(S) trials conducted across the centres of Peninsular zone for cane yield, sugar yield and sucrose % with an overall mean of 119.65 t/ha of cane yield, 17.31 t/ha of commercial cane sugar, 19.91 per cent of juice sucrose at 360 days of harvest in comparison with midlate standard Co 86032. It is an excellent ratooner with an improvement of 13.70 and 10.43 per cent for sugar and cane yield, respectively over Co 86032 and also performed well under 125 % RDF (recommended dose of fertilizer) condition and wide row spacing for cane yield and it was superior to all the three standards viz., CoC 671, Co 86032 and CoSnk 05103. It is resistant to red rot and proved its wide adaptability in varied environments and also a promising donor for drought. Co 12009 is viewed as a potential midlate variety and is expected to produce higher cane and sugar yield in the states of Peninsular zone.

Biomass burning is a significant anthropogenic source of air pollution, including the preharvest burning of sugar cane. These burn events result in atmospheric emissions, including semivolatile organic compounds, that may have adverse impacts on air quality and human health on a local, regional, and even a global scale. Gaseous and particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) emissions from various sugar cane burn events in the province of Kwa‐Zulu Natal in South Africa were simultaneously sampled using a portable denuder sampling technology, consisting of a quartz fiber filter sandwiched between two polydimethylsiloxane multichannel traps. Total gas and particle phase PAH concentrations ranged from 0.05 to 9.85 µg m–3 per individual burn event, and nine PAHs were quantified. Over 85% of all PAHs were found to exist in the gas phase, with smaller two‐ and three‐ring PAHs, primarily naphthalene, 1‐methyl naphthalene, and acenaphthylene, being the most dominant and causing the majority of variance between the burn sites. The PAH profiles differed between the different burn events at different sites, emphasizing the significant influence that the crop variety, prevailing weather conditions, and geographical location has on the type and number of pollutants emitted. The potential carcinogenicity of the PAH exposure was estimated based on toxic equivalency factors that showed varying risk potentials per burn event, with the highest value of 5.97 ng m–3. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:778–792. © 2023 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Agricultural Outlook (1673-3908) is the property of Institute of Agricultural Information, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Set in the sugar cane plantations of Valle del Cauca, Colombia, the film Land and Shade (2015) is a drama about personal loss and ecological crisis. After seventeen years of abandoning his family, Alfonso returns to his old farm to take care of his ailing son, who suffers from an acute respiratory disease. While workers struggle against unfair labor practices in the plantations, the protagonist witnesses the environmental degradation caused by air pollution and soil erosion. Acevedo's debut film epitomizes what María Ospina has called the rural turn in contemporary Colombian cinema-- a set of films that dismantle an extractive gaze of the landscape by unearthing its social and cultural memory. However, while critics have analyzed how the film's plot connects to current debates about structural violence and land distribution in a transitional context, this essay pays attention to the film's botanic imaginary. By focusing on its haptic visuality and its representation of plants, I argue that Land and Shade displays new scenarios of ethical interdependence and cohabitation with the non-human: an urgent task in a present marked by the rapid decline of biodiversity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this work is to evaluate the vegetal condensate waters from sugar cane in two cuban sugar factory: 30 de Noviembre and Boris Luis Santa Coloma, both located in western island region. Due to the large amount of water containing in the resource (70‐80 %), it use has been extended to various tasks within the factory, such as boilers, cooling towers, sanitation of premises, etc. It is important to emphasize that there is another exploitable line: the use of condensate as drinking water, which is so necessary to study its quality, taking into account the regulations for consumption, as well as its availability in sugar factories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sugarcane bagasse ash is a solid agroindustrial residue resulting from the burning of bagasse in boilers for energy cogeneration. The study objective of this review article is to systematically evaluate the use of sugar-cane bagasse ash as a pozzolanic component of a new sustainable waste application for soil stabilization in order to reduce the negative environmental impact of construction. The study method used was based on a specific analysis in the collection of the articles belonging to the time stratum from 2017 to 2021; where they are distributed as follows: 05 article from EBSCO, 48 from Scopus, 2 from SciELO and 25 from ScienceDi-rect. In conclusion, according to the critical study of the results found, we sustain that the use of the soil stabi-lization method successfully improves clay soil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The State of Alagoas dedicates 1o,95% of its area to the cultivation of sugar cane (Saccharums sp.). Soil heat flux (SHF) is a crucial component of net radiation (Rn), which also varies due to changes in vegetation cover. This experiment was carried out in an area of experimental sugar cane cultivation in the municipality of Rio Largo (09°28'03" S, 35°49'49" W) from November 2017 to November 2018. The aim was to characterize SHF and Rn under different degrees of soil vegetation cover in the Coastal Tablelands of the Alagoas state, Brazil. Net radiation components were measured using a Kipp and Zonen CNR1 net radiometer, whereas SHF was measured using three HFT-3 plates (REBS, Campbell Scientific Inc., USA), which were installed at a depth of 0.05 meters. The predominant atmospheric transmittance (Kt) classification was partly cloudy (54.70%). Precipitation, along with cloudiness, incident solar radiation, and land cover, influenced the seasonal cycle of net radiation (Rn) and soil heat flux (SHF). On average, the removal of vegetation cover had a negligible impact on Rn, whereas it led to a 437% increase in SHF during the day and a 240% increase during the night. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Biológico Agropecuaria Tuxpan is the property of Revista Biologico Agropecuaria Tuxpan and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Dirassat in Humanities & Social Sciences is the property of Research & Development of Human Recourses Center (REMAH) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The rapid industrial growth has led to the need to create new construction materials from organic wastes and agroindustrial, by-products in order to reduce environmental impacts and raw materials, generating an ecological material. The objective of this article is to determine the physical-mechanical properties of concrete mixtures incorporating sugar cane molasses as an alternative material to retarding and plasticizing agents in dosages of 0% to 1%, in order to determine the optimum dosage of this material to be used as a retarding and plasticizing additive in concrete. The results of mixing the material indicated that at dosages of 0.4% and 1% molasses, results similar to those of a comercial, plasticizer are achieved, In addition, it was identified that the incorporation of molasses causes a substantial improvement in the strength of the concrete. From the results obtained, it is evident that the use of molasses as a plasticizing and retarding agent is a viable alternative considering the physical and mechanical properties of the material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Avian Conservation & Ecology is the property of Resilience Alliance and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

ABSTRAK Jember merupakan daerah yang memiliki potensi tebu yang besar. Akan tetapi, potensi pengolahan tebu belum banyak dikembangkan sebagai sumber belajar dalam proses pembelajaran sehingga belum dapat menumbuhkan kesadaran akan kepedulian lingkungan akibat keberadaan limbah dari pabrik pengolahan tebu. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan tentang penguasaan konsep ipa terpadu dan tingkat kepedulian lingkungan mahasiswa setelah pembelajaran menggunakan bahan ajar tentang pengolahan tebu sebagai energi terbarukan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian eksperimen dengan desain penelitian one group pretest posttest design. Sampel penelitian ini adalah mahasiswa calon guru fisika yang menempuh mata kuliah IPA Terpadu. Teknik pengumpulan data secara observasi, dokumentasi dan test penguasaan konsep. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan penguasaan konsep IPA Terpadu mahasiswa mengalami peningkatan sebesar 0,43 dan berada dalam kategori sedang. Mahasiswa menunjukkan adanya peningkatan sikap kepedulian lingkungan terhadap potensi lokal pengolahan tebu sebagai energi terbarukan yang ada di Jember. Kemampuan penguasaan konsep dan sikap kepedulian lingkungan sangat penting dimiliki oleh mahasiswa agar mahasiswa mampu mengintegrasikan konsep yang dimiliki ke dalam sikap peduli lingkungan dalam kehidupan nyata. Kata Kunci: IPA Terpadu, Penguasaan Konsep, Kesadaran Lingkungan, Tanaman Tebu ABSTRACT Jember is a regency which has a great potential of sugar cane. Meanwhile, the potential of the processing of sugar cane was not yet to be developed as a learning resource and hence was not able to grow the environment awareness which was caused by the waste of sugar cane factory. The aimed of this research was to describe the mastery concept learning of integrated science and level of students’ environment awareness after learning by using teaching material about the processing of sugar cane as a renewable energy. The method was experimental research with one group pretest-posttest design. The sample of this research was physics students who took integrated science course. The research data which was collected by using observation, documentation, and mastery concept test was analyzed by using normalized gain. The result showed that there was an increasing of N-gain around 0,43 and came to medium category. It also showed that there was environment awareness toward local potential of sugar cane manufacturing as a renewable energy in Jember. The ability of mastery concept and environment awareness was very important to be had by students, so the students were able to integrate the science concept into environment awareness behaviour in the daily life. Keywords: Integrated Science; Mastery Concept Learning; Environment Awareness; Sugar Cane.