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© Serials Publications The article examines the topical problem of a qualitative change of a student in the process of obtaining higher education. Additionally, this paper discusses the formation of student’s personal subjective identity as determinants in the formation of future professional identity. Against this background have been formalized the psychological and pedagogical conditions, which directed to formation of subjective identity in the process of training and on the development of norms and values of their future profession. Moreover, we distinguished three components that determine the Maturity of subjective identity. These components related to professional motivation, activity in chosen profession, in the sense of professional adequacy. The authors of the article analyze the current foreign and domestic scientific literature on the problems of identity, subjectness and subjective identity. The analysis of approaches to the problem of the formation of the subjective identity in the learning process at the university shows that the subjectness is the main characteristic of the student’s individual, which as a result determines the identity of the profession, professional competence and quality of the active subject of activity. According to the purpose of our study, we found the effectiveness of psychological and pedagogical conditions of formation of bases of the subjective identity of the students. Consequently, the formation of bases of the subjective identity as a future proficient will be more successful if there are special psychological and pedagogical conditions. These conditions help the graduate be a competitive person, ready to effectively implement professional features and demonstrate personal qualities identical to the profession.

U radu se istražuje konstruiranje identiteta subjekta u autobiografskome diskursu Mate Lovraka na primjeru romana Pero Kvržica među ljudima (2014). Lovrakov autobiografski roman analizira se na razini predmetnoga teksta (tekst 2. stupnja) jer je građen intertekstualno, kao svojevrsni metatekst posredovanjem (autoreferencijalnoga) narativa o nastanku i recepciji najpoznatijega piščeva romana Družba Pere Kvržice, koji se pritom uzima kao referentni (odnosno tekst 1. stupnja). Rad otkriva postupke kojima se u Lovrakovu pripovijedanju ideja poistovjećenosti autora i njegova djela, posve suprotna od teorija koje takvo jedinstvo djelomice ili u potpunosti negiraju, dovodi na razinu simboličke funkcije produbljujući složeno pitanje tekstualnoga konstruiranja identiteta subjekta unutar autobiografskoga diskursa, i to osobito kada je njegov autor – književnik. Metafora „biografije djela“ predstavlja temelj autorova konstrukta „sebe“, njegova je primarna identitetska odrednica, koja bitno utječe na sve glavne odrednice predmetnoga teksta. Lovrakov autobiografski diskurs posjeduje karakteristike otvorenoga znaka koji se, osim strukturalnim elementima i funkcijama, interpretativno poigrava i svim ostalim elementima književnoga komunikacijskoga lanca., The paper explores the construction of subject identity in Mato Lovrak’s autobiographical discourse, using the novel Pero Kvržica među ljudima [Pero Knobble among people] (2014) as an example. Constructed in an intertextual manner – as a metatext of sorts – via the mediation of a (autoreferrential) narrative on the origin and reception of the author’s most famous novel, Družba Pere Kvržice [Pero Knobble’s Gang], Lovrak’s autobiographical novel is analysed at the level of the object text (second-degree text), with Družba Pere Kvržice as its referent (first-degree text). The paper identifies strategies by which Lovrak’s narration brings the notion of the merging of the author and his work – in complete contrast to theories which (whether partially or completely) deny such a unity – to the level of a symbolic function, deepening the complex issue of the textual construction of subject identity within the autobiographical discourse, especially when its author is a fiction writer. Further, the paper explores the use of a pseudo-heterodiegetic narrator, the role of the referent text, relations within the chain of communication (author – text – reader) and between documentarism and fictionality. The metaphor of the “biography of a work of fiction” presents the basis of the author’s construction of “self” and functions as his primary element of identity which has an important influence on all major elements of the object text. The subject identity is construed in a documentary and fictional manner, while Lovrak’s autobiographical discourse possesses the qualities of a sign which, in addition to structural elements and functions, engages in a playful interpretation of all the other elements of the literary communication chain., Im Beitrag werden die Prozesse zur Bildung der Identität des Subjekts im autobiographischen Diskurs von Mato Lovrak am Beispiel seines Romans Pero Kvržica unter den Leuten (2014) erforscht. Anhand seines intertextuellen Aufbaus wird Lovraks autobiographischer Roman als eine Art Metatext auf der Ebene des Gegenstandtextes (des Textes auf zweiter Stufe) analysiert, während man seinen bekanntesten Roman Družba Pere Kvržice [dt. Pero Kvržicas Bande], über dessen Entstehung und Rezeption Lovrak in seinem autobiographischen Roman berichtet, als Referenztext (bzw. als Text auf erster Stufe) behandelt. Diesbezüglich wird auf die Verfahren hingewiesen, wodurch der in der Theorie teilweise oder vollständig abgelehnten Idee der Gleichstellung des Autors und seines Werkes eine symbolische Funktion zugewiesen wird, um in die komplexe Frage nach der textuellen Konstituierung der Identität des Subjekts im autobiographischen Diskurs, insbesondere wenn der Autor der Schriftsteller selbst ist, noch tiefer eindringen zu können. Zu diesem Zweck wird im Beitrag der Einsatz des pseudo-heterodiegetischen Erzählers, die Rolle des Referenztextes, die Beziehungen innerhalb der Kommunikation zwischen Autor, Textes und Leser sowie die Beziehung zwischen Dokumentarizität und Fiktionalität erforscht. Die Metapher von der „Werkbiographie“ liefert die Grundlage zur Autorkonstruktion „seiner selbst“, indem diese die primäre Identitätsbestimmung darstellt, die auf alle Grundbestimmungen des Gegenstandstextes wesentlich einwirkt. Die Identität des Subjekts wird dokumentarisch und fiktional konstruiert, wobei Lovraks autobiographischer Diskurs Charakteristiken eines offenen Zeichens aufweist, der nicht nur mit strukturellen Elementen und Funktionen, sondern auch mit allen anderen Bestandteilen der literarischen Kommunikation ein interpretatives Spiel betreibt.

Kleist, D. 2012. Methods for Elimination of Double Taxation under Double Tax Treaties – with Particular Reference to the Application of Double Tax Treaties in Sweden. Iustus Förlag AB. Uppsala 2012. 372 pp. ISBN 978-91-7678-816-5. The study deals with the methods for elimination of double taxation that are applied in double tax treaties. The first aim of the study is to systematise and analyse the methods for elimination of double taxation under double tax treaties in order to gain a better understanding of how they work. A number of issues relating to the application of these methods are analysed. Since double tax treaties are applied by tax authorities, courts, and taxpayers in a domestic law context, i.e. within the framework of the legal system of a particular state, the analysis focuses on the application in Sweden of the methods for elimination of double taxation under double tax treaties. The second aim of the study is to evaluate in a few selected situations the two main methods for elimination of double taxation recommended by the OECD, namely exemption with progression and ordinary credit, on the basis of whether tax neutrality is achieved. For the purpose of this study, tax neutrality is deemed to be achieved when the taxation of income relating to a cross border transaction corresponds to the tax that would have been levied in either the state of residence (i.e. capital export neutrality, “CEN”) or in the other contracting state (i.e. capital import neutrality, “CIN”), had the cross border element not been present. Furthermore, for the purpose of this study, tax neutrality is deemed to be achieved if the taxation of income relating to a cross border transaction is within the range set by CEN and CIN. The evaluation shows that ordinary credit stands a greater chance than exemption with progression of achieving an outcome which is consistent with the goal of tax neutrality in the situations selected for study.