Search

V magistrskem delu sem se odločila raziskati temo delovanja različnih strokovnih služb, ki se na kočevsko-ribniškem območju srečujejo s primeri nasilja nad starimi ljudmi. Prvič so o tej temi resno spregovorili leta 1975 v Veliki Britaniji, ko je bil ta fenomen tudi prvič prepoznan kot socialni in politični problem. Danes, skoraj petdeset let kasneje, še vedno obstaja razkorak med dejansko razširjenostjo nasilja nad starimi, pripravljenostjo pogovarjati se o tem in percepcijo družbe o tej vrsti nasilja. Tudi nič manj ga ni kot v preteklosti. V prvem delu naloge sem uporabila primerjalno in opisno metodo raziskovanja, v empiričnem pa kvalitativno raziskovalno metodo, saj me je v zvezi s strokovnim in laičnim delom bolj zanimala vsebina, z njo pa podrobnejši podatki o raziskovani tematiki. V empiričnem delu predstavljam rezultate raziskave, pridobljene z delno strukturiranim intervjujem in v kateri so sodelovali strokovni delavci z različnih področij. Poleg njih sem vključila še nevladno organizacijo in političnega odločevalca, poslanca v Državnem zboru RS, saj me je zanimal politični vidik razmišljanja o nasilju nad starimi ljudmi. Raziskovanje se mi je zdelo nepopolno brez pogovora z žrtvijo nasilja, uvid v njeno življenje in razmišljanje pa je nalogi dodal novo dimenzijo. Ugotovila sem, da se z nasiljem največkrat srečujejo na centru za socialno delo in policiji. Med ljudmi so prisotne vse vrste zlorab, ki jih omenja literatura, le spolnega, ki je očitno še vedno tabu, ne omenja nihče. Tabu je, glede na ugotovitve, tudi prijavljanje nasilja, za katerega se odloči malo žrtev. Ljudje se še vedno bojijo, da bo po prijavi situacija še hujša, a iz prakse je razvidno ravno obratno: bolj ko žrtve nasilje prijavljajo, manj se dogaja. Da bi to počeli v čim večjem številu, je treba stare ljudi opolnomočiti, poskrbeti za njihovo informiranje in znanje pa ne le njih, temveč tudi strokovne delavce, politične odločevalce, najmlajše in še zlasti povzročitelje. Na podlagi dobljenih rezultatov sem na koncu oblikovala predloge, ki predstavljajo potencialno izhodišče za spremembe in izboljšave, ki bodo pripomogle k bolj kakovostnemu delu strokovnih služb in boljšemu življenju starih ljudi. Predvsem sem želela odstreti tančico, zaradi katere je nasilje nad starimi še vedno skrivnost. In dokler ostaja skrivnost, ima povzročitelj moč, da ga povzroča. Ravno zato je pomembno, da do povzročitelja od vseh nas pride sporočilo o nesprejemljivosti nasilja. Master's thesis investigates the functioning of various professional services that deal with cases of violence against the elderly in the Kočevje-Ribnica area. The first serious discussion of the issue took place in the UK in 1975, when the phenomenon was first recognized as a social and political problem. Today, almost 50 years later, there is still a gap between the actual prevalence of violence against the elderly, the willingness to talk about it and society's perception of this type of violence. And there is no less of it than in the past. In the first part, I used a comparative and descriptive research method, and in the empirical one qualitative research, as I was more interested in the content, and with it more detailed data on the topic being researched, in relation to both professional and lay work. In the empirical part, I present the results of the research, obtained through a semi-structured interview, in which professionals from different fields collaborated, as well as one NGO and a political decision-maker, a member of the National Assembly of the Republic of Slovenia, because I was interested in the political aspect of thinking about the research topic. I would have found the research incomplete without talking to the survivor, and the insight into her life and thinking added an extra dimension to my work. I have found that most violence cases are encountered by the social workers and the police. All the types of abuse mentioned in the literature are present among residents of the research area, but sexual abuse, which is apparently still taboo it is not mentioned by any of the interviewers. According to the findings, reporting of violence is taboo as well. People fear that reporting violence will make it worse, but practice shows the opposite: the more people report it, the less it happens. To do this in the gratest possible numbers, they need to be empowered and knowledgeable not only them, but also professionals, political decision-makers, children, and above all, the perpetrators. Based on the results, I have finally formulated proposals that can serve as a starting point for changes and improvements that will contribute to better quality of professional services and better quality of life for old people. Above all, I wanted to lift the veil that still keeps violenec against the elderly a scret. And as long as it remains a mistery, the agent has the power to cause it. That is why it is important that the message at the message that violence is not acceptable gets through to the perpetrator from all of us.

V magistrskem delu sem raziskovala delovanje različnih strokovnih služb, ki se pri svojem delu srečujejo s primeri nasilja nad starimi ljudmi, v osrednji Sloveniji. Zanimalo me je, kako strokovne službe delujejo v primeru nasilja nad starimi, kako pogosto se z njim srečujejo, kakšen protokol ravnanja z žrtvijo uporabljajo, ali so strokovni delavci posebej izobraženi za delo na področju obravnave nasilja nad starimi ljudmi, kakšna je povezanost med različnimi službami, s kakšnimi težavami se srečujejo pri reševanju nasilja nad starimi ljudmi, kako je na tem področju urejena zakonodaja in kakšni so njihovi predlogi za lažje oziroma bolj kakovostno delo na področju obravnave nasilja nad starimi ljudmi. Odločila sem se za kvalitativno raziskavo, saj sem želela pridobiti besedne opise, s tem pa nadvse podrobne podatke o temi mojega raziskovanja, namesto številčnih podatkov. V prvem delu magistrske naloge sem predstavila teoretične koncepte o staranju prebivalstva, stereotipih in diskriminaciji starih ljudi, o družini in starem človeku, oblikah nasilja in vrstah zlorab, ki jih doživljajo stari ljudje, opisala vzroke za pojav nasilja nad starimi ljudmi in zakaj stari ljudje o nasilju dolgo molčijo in ga ne prijavljajo. Predstavljena je tudi zakonodaja iz področja obravnave nasilja nad starimi ljudmi, postopek obravnave nasilja na centru za socialno delo in pa nekaj besed o socialnem delu s starimi ljudmi na splošno. V empiričnem delu so predstavljeni rezultati raziskave, v kateri je sodelovalo enajst strokovnih delavk in delavcev, iz področja socialnega varstva, zdravstva in policije. Ugotovila sem, da se z nasiljem nad starimi ljudmi najpogosteje srečujejo na policiji in centru za socialno delo, nekaj manj je primerov, ki jih obravnavajo nevladne organizacije s tega področja, najmanj pogosto pa o zaznanih primerih poročajo zdravstvene službe. V primerjavi z ostalimi starostnimi skupinami naj bi bilo manj prijavljenih in opaženih primerov nasilja nad starimi ljudmi, saj ti še vedno ostajalo neodkriti, neprijavljeni in skriti za štirimi stenami. O nasilju najpogosteje poročajo druge osebe, na primer sorodniki starega človeka, sosedje, velikokrat tudi institucije, o nasilju pa včasih poročajo tudi žrtve same, vendar je teh primerov manj. Med starimi ljudmi so prisotne vse vrste zlorab, največ pa je psihičnega, ekonomskega in fizičnega nasilja. Vedno več je tudi primerov zanemarjanja. Nasilje nad starimi ljudmi najpogosteje začnejo izvajati njihovi družinski člani. Vzroki za to so številni, pogosto pa je nasilje povezano s skrbjo za starega človeka. Stari ljudje nasilja ne prijavljajo ali pa zanj povejo dokaj pozno. Za to obstajajo številni razlogi, med katerimi so občutki sramu, strahu, krivde, pogosto pa niti nimajo možnosti, da bi poiskali potrebno pomoč. Osnovna naloga strokovnih služb je zaščita žrtve, iskanje varnih namestitev, načrt pomoči, nudenje psihosocialne pomoči in podpore in pa povezovanje z drugimi institucijami, ki lahko pripomorejo k zaščiti žrtve. Izobraževanj in usposabljanj o nasilju nad starimi ljudmi naj bi bilo premalo. Družba in institucije primerov nasilja nad starimi ljudmi še vedno ne prijavljajo dovolj pogosto, zato službe ne morejo ukrepati. Velika težava pri reševanju primerov nasilja nad starimi ljudmi pa naj bi bila ta, da pri nas primanjkuje prilagojenih namestitvenih kapacitet za stare ljudi, ki bi poleg varnosti nudile tudi zdravstveno oskrbo oziroma nego, ki jo potrebujejo številni stari ljudje. Na podlagi pridobljenih rezultatov sem zapisala predloge, ki naj veljajo kot smernice za možne spremembe in izboljšave na področju dela strokovnih služb, ki obravnavajo primere nasilja nad starimi ljudmi. In the present master’s thesis, I researched the operation of various professional services in central part of Slovenia, which encounter cases of violence against old people in their work. I was interested in how professional services act in cases of violence against old people, how often they encounter it, what protocol of dealing with the victim they use, whether professionals are specially trained for dealing with this kind of violence, how are different professional services connected, what problems they face in resolving violence against old people, how the legislation on this subject is regulated and what are their proposals for easier or more quality work in the area of dealing with violence against old people. I decided for qualitative research as I wanted to obtain verbal descriptions and with them, detailed information about the topic of my research, instead of numerical data. In the first part of my master’s thesis, I presented theoretical concepts about aging population, stereotypes and discrimination of old people, about family and an old people, about forms of violence and types of abuse experienced by old people, I described the causes of violence against them and why they remain silent about it and do not report it. I also presented the legislation in the area of dealing with violence against old people, the procedure of dealing with violence at the social work centers and a few words on social work with the elderly in general. The empirical part presents the results of a survey in which eleven professionals from the field of social welfare, health care and the police participated. I found that violence against the elderly is most encountered by the police professionals and social workers, slightly fewer cases are handled by non-governmental organizations, the least frequent are cases reported by the health services. Compared to other age groups, there seems to be fewer reported and observed cases of violence against old people, as it remains undetected, unreported and hidden behind four walls. Violence is most often reported by other people, such as relatives, neighbors and by institutions, sometimes the violence is reported by the victims themselves, but these cases are rarer. All kinds of abuse are used against the elderly, with the most cases of psychological, economic and physical violence. There are also more and more cases of neglect. Violence is most often initiated by their family members. There are many reasons for this and often violence relates to caring for an old person. Old people do not report violence or report it quite late. There are many reasons for this, among which are feelings of shame, fear, guilt, and often the lack of opportunity to seek the necessary help. The basic task of professional services is the protection of the victim, the search for safe accommodation of the victim, plan of assistance, the provision of psychosocial assistance and support, and connecting with other institutions that can help protect the victim. There seems to be a lack of education and training on subject of violence against old people. Society and institutions still do not report cases of violence often enough, so the services cannot act. The big problem in solving cases of violence against old people is that we lack adapted accommodation capacities for the elderly, which, in addition to safety, would also provide the health care or everyday care that many elderly people need. Based on the obtained results, I wrote down proposals that should be considered as guidelines for possible changes and improvements in the work of professional services that deal with cases of violence against old people.