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28 results on '"streamer mode"'

2. Development of linseed oil-free bakelite resistive plate chambers

Author

Biswas, S., Bhattacharya, S., Bose, S., Chattopadhyay, S., Saha, S., and Viyogi, Y.P.

Subjects
*BAKELITE, *LINSEED oil, *COSMIC rays, *ETHANES, *BUTANE, *SILICONES, *SURFACE coatings
Abstract

Abstract: In this paper we would like to present a few characteristics of the Resistive Plate Chambers (RPCs) made of a particular grade of bakelite paper laminates (P-120, NEMA LI-1989 Grade XXX), produced and commercially available in India. This particular grade is used for high voltage insulation in humid conditions. The chambers are tested with cosmic rays in the streamer mode using argon, tetrafluroethane and isobutane in 34:59:7 mixing ratio. In the first set of detectors made with such grade, a thin coating of silicone fluid on the inner surfaces of the bakelite was found to be necessary for operation of the detector. Those silicone coated RPCs were found to give satisfactory performance with stable efficiency of continuously for a long period as reported earlier. Results of the crosstalk measurement of these silicone coated RPC will be presented in this paper. Very recently RPCs made with the same grade of bakelite but having better surface finish are found to give equivalent performance even without any coating inside. Preliminary results of this type of RPCs are also being presented. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Published
2009
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3. Performances of linseed oil-free bakelite RPC prototypes with cosmic ray muons

Author

Biswas, S., Bhattacharya, S., Bose, S., Chattopadhyay, S., Saha, S., Sharan, M.K., and Viyogi, Y.P.

Subjects
*NUCLEAR counters, *PROTOTYPES, *BAKELITE, *COSMIC ray muons, *SILICONES, *NUCLEAR physics
Abstract

Abstract: A comparative study has been performed on Resistive Plate Chambers (RPC) made of two different grades of bakelite paper laminates, produced and commercially available in India. The chambers, operated in the streamer mode using argon, tetrafluroethane and isobutane in 34:59:7 mixing ratio, are tested for the efficiency and the stability with cosmic rays. A particular grade of bakelite (P-120, NEMA LI-1989 Grade XXX), used for high voltage insulation in humid conditions, was found to give satisfactory performance with stable efficiency of continuously for more than 130 days. A thin coating of silicone fluid on the inner surfaces of the bakelite RPC is found to be necessary for the operation of the detector. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Published
2009
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4. The OPERA VETO system

Author

Bergnoli, A., Bertolin, A., Brugnera, R., Carrara, E., Candela, A., Corradi, G., Dal Corso, F., D’Incecco, M., Di Giovanni, A., Dusini, S., Felici, G., Garfagnini, A., Gustavino, C., Lindozzi, A., Longhin, A., Mengucci, A., Stanco, L., Sugonyaev, V., and Tatananni, E.

Subjects
*NUCLEAR counters, *PHYSICS experiments, *NEUTRINO interactions, *PARTICLE beams, *NUCLEAR research
Abstract

Abstract: OPERA is an underground experiment to search for ντ appearance from a pure νμ beam produced at CERN. To flag the events due to the neutrino interactions with the rock surrounding the OPERA detector, a large VETO system, based on the use of Glass Resistive Plate Chambers (GRPCs) has been realized. We describe the VETO system, the GRPCs, the tests performed on the chambers before their installation. Presently, the VETO is in phase of commissioning. The first results of its underground operation are also presented. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Published
2009
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5. Performances of the OPERA RPCs

Author

Bergnoli, A., Bertolin, A., Brugnera, R., Candela, A., Carrara, E., Castellani, L., Cazes, A., Corradi, G., Dal Corso, F., D’Incecco, M., Di Giovanni, A., Dusini, S., Felici, G., Garfagnini, A., Gustavino, C., Lindozzi, M., Longhin, A., Mengucci, A., Paoloni, A., and Papalino, G.

Subjects
*NUCLEAR counters, *OSCILLATIONS, *NEUTRINO interactions, *PHYSICS experiments, *ELECTRON beams, *BAKELITE, *SPECTROMETERS
Abstract

Abstract: OPERA is a dedicated experiment for the observation of into oscillations through appearance using a 730km long baseline beam from CERN to the Gran Sasso underground laboratory. The detector is equipped with two spectrometers for muon identification and charm background rejection. Bakelite RPCs are used as inner trackers inside the iron magnet of the spectrometers. The experiment has already performed two short runs in 2006 and 2007. Results about the RPC performances are presented. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Published
2009
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6. The RPC system of the OPERA experiment

Author

Bertolin, A., Brugnera, R., Candela, A., Cararra, E., Castellani, L., Cazes, A., Corradi, G., Dal Corso, F., D’Incecco, M., Di Giovanni, A., Dusini, S., Felici, G., Garfagnini, A., Gustavino, C., Lindozzi, A., Lippi, I., Longhin, A., Mengucci, A., Paoloni, A., and Papalino, G.

Subjects
*NUCLEAR counters, *OSCILLATIONS, *ELECTRON beams, *NEUTRINO interactions, *PHYSICS experiments, *SPECTROMETERS, MUON spectra
Abstract

Abstract: The OPERA experiment is designed to study the oscillation observing the appearance in a pure beam over a base line of 732km from CERN to Gran Sasso Laboratory. The apparatus consists of a lead/emulsion-film target complemented by electronic detectors and muon spectrometers for muon charge and momentum measurements. The tracking inside the magnets is provide by Bakelite RPC chambers in a large scale application. The commissioning of the RPC system ended in August 2006. The paper present the layout of the RPC system and its performances. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Published
2009
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7. Results about HF production and bakelite analysis for the CMS Resistive Plate Chambers

Author

Abbrescia, M., Colaleo, A., Guida, R., Iaselli, G., Loddo, F., Maggi, M., Marangelli, B., Natali, S., Nuzzo, S., Pugliese, G., Ranieri, A., Romano, F., Roselli, G., Trentadue, R., Tupputi, S., Cavallo, N., Fabozzi, F., Paolucci, P., Piccolo, D., and Polese, G.

Subjects
*BAKELITE, *SYNTHETIC gums & resins, *ELECTRON microscopes, *IRRADIATION, *PHYSICS instruments
Abstract

Abstract: The formation of reactive compounds in the gas mixture during Resistive Plate Chambers (RPCs) operation at the CERN Gamma Irradiation Facility (GIF) is studied. Results from two different types of chambers are discussed: RPC prototypes and two final CMS-RB1 chambers. The RB1 detectors were also connected to a closed loop gas system. Gas composition and possible additional impurities have been monitored in different gamma irradiation conditions both in open and closed loop modes using a gas chromatograph. Dedicated measurements for fluoride concentration in the exhausted gas line were performed at different irradiations and operation conditions using a specific electrode and a High-Performance Liquid Chromatograph. The efficiency of the purifiers system present in the closed loop in removing the and others impurities has also been investigated. Finally, the chemical composition of the RPC electrode surface has been analyzed using an electron microscope equipped with an EDS/X-ray. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Published
2008
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8. A new concept for streamer quenching in resistive plate chambers

Author

Calcaterra, A., de Sangro, R., Mannocchi, G., Patteri, P., Picchi, P., Piccolo, M., Redaelli, N., Tabarelli de Fatis, T., and Trinchero, G.C.

Subjects
*ELECTRIC resistors, *POLYCYCLIC aromatic hydrocarbons, *ENGINEERING instruments, *PHYSICS instruments
Abstract

Abstract: In this paper we propose a new concept for streamer quenching in Resistive Plate Chambers (RPCs). In our approach, the multiplication process is quenched by the appropriate design of a mechanical structure inserted between the two resistive electrodes. We show that stable performance is achieved with binary gas mixtures based on argon and a small fraction of isobutane. Fluorocarbons, deemed responsible for the degradation of the electrode inner surface of RPC detectors, are thus fully eliminated from the gas mixture. This design also resulted in a simplified assembly procedure. Preliminary results obtained with a few prototypes of “Mechanically Quenched RPCs” and some prospects for future developments are discussed. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Published
2006
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9. Study of narrow gas gap resistive plate chamber in the streamer mode

Author

Kubo, T., Nakano, E., and Teramoto, Y.

Subjects
*GAP analysis (Planning), *COAL gas, *CHARGE exchange, *DETECTORS
Abstract

The performances of a glass Resistive Plate Chamber (RPC), operated in the streamer mode, were measured for various gas gaps between 0.25 and 1.00 mm. Development of standard streamers requires ⩾0.75-mm gap. Below 0.4 mm, no signal streamer was observed. For the 1.00 mm gap, time resolution was 0.65±0.03 ns with the 97.5% detection efficiency. For the 0.75 mm gap, they are 0.53±0.02 ns and 96.0%, respectively. For signal charge, the 0.75 mm gap had 25–30% smaller than the 1.00 mm gap and 70–75% smaller than the 2.00 mm gap. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Published
2004
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10. Freonless gas mixtures for glass RPC operated in streamer mode

Author

Hoshi, Y., Mikami, Y., Nagamine, T., Watanabe, K., Yamaguchi, A., and Yusa, Y.

Subjects
*COAL gas, *GLOBAL warming
Abstract

We have operated successfully glass Resistive Plate Counters (RPC) at the BELLE experiment by using a nonflammable gas mixture of 30% argon, 8% butane-silver and 62% freon, HFC-134a. This freon is nonozone depleting freon, but a freon has a high global warming potential in general. Thus a gas mixture for RPC might be desired to be freonless in the near future. We have tested the performance of glass RPC operated in streamer mode with a nonfreon gas mixture of argon, butane, CO2 and/or O2 gases, and found an efficiency of about 90%. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Published
2003
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11. TESLA digital hadron calorimeter (requirements, status and plans for R&D)

Author

Ammosov, V.

Subjects
*CALORIMETERS, *HADRONS
Abstract

Gaseous detectors as candidates for the TESLA digital calorimeter are considered. Requirements for TESLA hadron calorimetry are formulated. Recent R&D results on resistive plate chambers and short drift tube chambers are described. Plans for further R&D are outlined. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Published
2002
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12. Intrinsic linearity of bakelite Resistive Plate Chambers operated in streamer mode

Author

M. Iacovacci, L. L. Ma, X. H. Ma, Hongbo Hu, X. Y. Zhang, Minghui Liu, L. Perrone, Zihuang Cao, P. Creti, Haifeng Li, R. Santonico, Yicheng Guo, J. B. Zhao, P. Salvini, A. Budano, Chang-Chun Ning, Cunfeng Feng, Zhaoyang Feng, Fudong Shi, Z. G. Yao, C. Y. Wu, B. D'Ettorre Piazzoli, H. Lu, F. R. Zhu, S. Mastroianni, Danzengluobu, G. Di Sciascio, I. De Mitri, S. M. Mari, X. C. Yang, Piero Vallania, T. L. Chen, Zhaxiciren, G. Liguori, L. Xue, Paolo Camarri, Zhenyong Feng, B. Bartoli, C. X. Liu, H. W. Wang, Zhaxisangzhu, J. K. K. Liu, H. Y. Jia, Longzhou Zhang, Q. Q. Zhu, M. Zha, X. J. Bi, M. Panareo, G. Mancarella, S. W. Cui, S. Z. Chen, T. Di Girolamo, H. R. Wu, B. Z. Dai, F. Ruggieri, P. Branchini, Q. B. Gou, A. F. Yuan, Labaciren, Q. Y. Yang, G. Zizzi, H. H. He, Y. H. Tan, A. D'Amone, X. D. Sheng, Paolo Bernardini, Paolo Montini, R. Iuppa, R. Cardarelli, G. Marsella, S. Vernetto, Pengnian Shen, S. Catalanotti, P. Pistilli, H. M. Zhang, X. X. Zhou, A. Surdo, Carlo Vigorito, Haibing Hu, Y. Zhang, D. Martello, Bartoli B., Bernardini P., Bi X. J., Branchini P., Budano A., Camarri P., Cao Z., Cardarelli R., Catalanotti S., Chen S. Z., Chen T. L., Creti P., Cui S. W., Dai B. Z., D'Amone A., Danzengluobu, De Mitri I., D'Ettorre Piazzoli B., Di Girolamo T., Di Sciascio G., Feng C. F., Feng Z., Gou Q. B., Guo Y. Q., He H. H., Hu H., Iacovacci M., Iuppa R., Jia H. Y., Labaciren, Li H. J., Liguori G., Liu C., Liu J., Liu M. Y., Lu H., Ma L. L., Ma X. H., Mancarella G., Mari S. M., Marsella G., Martello D., Mastroianni S., Montini P., Ning C. C., Panareo M., Perrone L., Pistilli P., Ruggieri F., Salvini P., Santonico R., Shen P. R., Sheng X. D., Shi F., Surdo A., Tan Y. H., Vallania P., Vernetto S., Vigorito C., Wang H., Wu C. Y., Wu H. R., Xue L., Yang Q. Y., Yang X. C., Yao Z. G., Yuan A. F., Zha M., Zhang H. M., Zhang L., Zhang X. Y., Zhang Y., Zhao J., Zhaxiciren Zhaxisangzhu, Zhou X. X., Zhu F. R., Zhu Q. Q., Zizzi G., Bartoli, B., Bernardini, P., Bi, X. J., Branchini, P., Budano, A., Camarri, P., Cao, Z., Cardarelli, R., Catalanotti, S., Chen, S. Z., Chen, T. L., Creti, P., Cui, S. W., Dai, B. Z., D'Amone, A., De Mitri, I., D'Ettorre Piazzoli, B., Di Girolamo, T., Di Sciascio, G., Feng, C. F., Feng, Z., Gou, Q. B., Guo, Y. Q., He, H. H., Hu, H., Iacovacci, M., Iuppa, R., Jia, H. Y., Li, H. J., Liguori, G., Liu, C., Liu, J., Liu, M. Y., Lu, H., Ma, L. L., Ma, X. H., Mancarella, G., Mari, S. M., Marsella, G., Martello, D., Mastroianni, S., Montini, P., Ning, C. C., Panareo, M., Perrone, L., Pistilli, P., Ruggieri, F., Salvini, P., Santonico, R., Shen, P. R., Sheng, X. D., Shi, F., Surdo, A., Tan, Y. H., Vallania, P., Vernetto, S., Vigorito, C., Wang, H., Wu, C. Y., Wu, H. R., Xue, L., Yang, Q. Y., Yang, X. C., Yao, Z. G., Yuan, A. F., Zha, M., Zhang, H. M., Zhang, L., Zhang, X. Y., Zhang, Y., Zhao, J., Zhaxiciren, Zhaxisangzhu, Zhou, X. X., Zhu, F. R., Zhu, Q. Q., Zizzi, G., D’Amone, A., Danzengluobu, Null, D’Ettorre Piazzoli, B., Feng, Zhaoyang, Feng, Zhenyong, Hu, Haibing, Hu, Hongbo, Labaciren, Null, Zhaxiciren, Null, and Zhaxisangzhu, Null

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Intrinsic linearity, Streamer mode, Cosmic ray, Calorimetry, 01 natural sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Optics, 0103 physical sciences, Bakelite, Particle density, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Instrumentation, Physics, Resistive touchscreen, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Detector, Settore FIS/01 - Fisica Sperimentale, Linearity, RPC detector, Streamer mode, Intrinsic linearity, Calorimetry, chemistry, Particle, Physics::Accelerator Physics, RPC detector, business, Beam (structure)
Abstract

Resistive Plate Chambers have largely been used in High Energy Physics and Cosmic Ray research. In view of using this detector for calorimetry applications it is important to know the maximum measurable particle density, or its intrinsic linearity limit, which is tightly related to the dimension of the discharge region. In this paper we report the results of measurements performed at the Beam Test Facility (INFN National Laboratory of Frascati, Italy) where the intrinsic linearity of bakelite RPCs operated in streamer mode has been tested at different impinging particle densities.

Published
2019

13. Study of timing properties of single gap high-resistive bakelite RPC

Author

Biswas, S., Bhattacharya, S., Bose, S., Chattopadhyay, S., Saha, S., and Viyogi, Y.P.

Subjects
*IONIZATION chambers, *PROTOTYPES, *BAKELITE, *LAMINATED materials, *SILICONES, *SURFACE coatings, *SURFACES (Technology), *COSMIC rays
Abstract

Abstract: The time resolution for several single gap (2mm) prototype Resistive Plate Chambers (RPC) made of high resistive (), 2mm thick matt finished bakelite paper laminates with silicone coating on the inner surfaces, has been measured. The time resolution for all the modules has been found to be at the plateau region. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Published
2010
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15. Performances of the OPERA RPCs

Author

A. Mengucci, M. Spinetti, A. Bertolin, A. Garfagnini, A. Bergnoli, A. Candela, V. Sugonyaev, F. Dal Corso, A. Longhin, R. Brugnera, E. Carrara, L. Castellani, M. Lindozzi, C. Gustavino, G. Papalino, Luca Stanco, Alessandro Paoloni, Mario Stipčević, F. Terranova, A. Cazes, M. Ventura, L. Votano, S. Dusini, G. Felici, G. Corradi, M. D'Incecco, A. Di Giovanni, Bergnoli, A, Bertolin, A, Brugnera, R, Candela, A, Carrara, E, Castellani, L, Cazes, A, Corradi, G, Dal Corso, F, D'Incecco, M, Di Giovanni, A, Dusini, S, Felici, G, Garfagnini, A, Gustavino, C, Lindozzi, M, Longhin, A, Mengucci, A, Paoloni, A, Papalino, G, Stanco, L, Stipcevic, M, Sugonyaev, V, Terranova, F, Spinetti, M, Ventura, M, and Votano, L

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Large Hadron Collider, Muon, Spectrometer, OPERA, Streamer mode, Detector, RPC, Nuclear physics, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Bakelite, Charm (quantum number), Neutrino, Instrumentation, Nuclear and High Energy Physic, Lepton
Abstract

OPERA is a dedicated experiment for the observation of ν μ into ν τ oscillations through τ appearance using a 730 km long baseline ν μ beam from CERN to the Gran Sasso underground laboratory. The detector is equipped with two spectrometers for muon identification and charm background rejection. Bakelite RPCs are used as inner trackers inside the iron magnet of the spectrometers. The experiment has already performed two short runs in 2006 and 2007. Results about the RPC performances are presented.

Published
2009
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16. Intrinsic linearity of bakelite Resistive Plate Chambers operated in streamer mode.

Author

Bartoli, B., Bernardini, P., Bi, X.J., Branchini, P., Budano, A., Camarri, P., Cao, Z., Cardarelli, R., Catalanotti, S., Chen, S.Z., Chen, T.L., Creti, P., Cui, S.W., Dai, B.Z., D'Amone, A., Danzengluobu, De Mitri, I., D'Ettorre Piazzoli, B., Di Girolamo, T., and Di Sciascio, G.

Subjects
*PARTICLE physics, *PLATING, *TESTING laboratories
Abstract

Resistive Plate Chambers have largely been used in High Energy Physics and Cosmic Ray research. In view of using this detector for calorimetry applications it is important to know the maximum measurable particle density, or its intrinsic linearity limit, which is tightly related to the dimension of the discharge region. In this paper we report the results of measurements performed at the Beam Test Facility (INFN National Laboratory of Frascati, Italy) where the intrinsic linearity of bakelite RPCs operated in streamer mode has been tested at different impinging particle densities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019
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17. A new concept for streamer quenching in resistive plate chambers

Author

T. Tabarelli de Fatis, M. Piccolo, A. Calcaterra, G. C. Trinchero, P. Patteri, G. Mannocchi, P. Picchi, R. de Sangro, N. Redaelli, Calcaterra, A, de Sangro, R, Mannocchi, G, Patteri, P, Picchi, P, Piccolo, M, Redaelli, N, TABARELLI DE FATIS, T, and Trinchero, G

Subjects
Physics, Quenching, streamer mode, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Resistive touchscreen, Argon, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, business.industry, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Freon-le, Detector, FOS: Physical sciences, chemistry.chemical_element, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Electrode, mechanical quenching, Isobutane, RPC, Optoelectronics, business, Instrumentation, physics.ins-det
Abstract

In this paper we propose a new concept for streamer quenching in Resistive Plate Chambers (RPCs). In our approach, the multiplication process is quenched by the appropriate design of a mechanical structure inserted between the two resistive electrodes. We show that stable performance is achieved with binary gas mixtures based on argon and a small fraction of isobutane. Fluorocarbons, deemed responsible for the degradation of the electrode inner surface of RPC detectors, are thus fully eliminated from the gas mixture. This design {also resulted} in a simplified assembly procedure. Preliminary results obtained with a few prototypes of ``Mechanically Quenched RPCs'' and some prospects for future developments are discussed., 11 pages, 6 figures, accepted by Nucl. Instr. and Meth. A

Published
2015

18. The OPERA cosmic ray test facility at the Gran Sasso

Author

F. Grianti, R. Brugnera, F. Dal Corso, E. Carrara, F. Terranova, A. Garfagnini, C. Gustavino, C. Fanin, Mario Stipčević, M. Spinetti, L. Votano, Branimir Zauner, A. Mengucci, Alessandro Paoloni, Luca Stanco, M. Lindozzi, E. Tatananni, M. Ventura, L. Degli Esposti, M. De Deo, M. D'Incecco, S. Dusini, R. Moro, P. Monacelli, A. Candela, Brugnera, R, Candela, A, Carrara, E, Dal Corso, F, De Deo, M, Degli Esposti, L, D'Incecco, M, Dusini, S, Fanin, C, Garfagnini, A, Grianti, F, Gustavino, C, Lindozzi, M, Mengucci, A, Monacelli, P, Moro, R, Paoloni, A, Stanco, L, Tatananni, E, Terranova, F, Spinetti, M, Stipcevic, M, Ventura, M, Votano, L, and Zauner, B

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Propagation time, Muon, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, business.industry, Instrumentation, Opera, Streamer mode, Cosmic ray, STRIPS, Particle detector, law.invention, Nuclear physics, Optics, Glass RPC, law, OPERA experiment, Measuring instrument, business, Nuclear and High Energy Physic
Abstract

The OPERA experiment foresees the use of about 3000m2of RPCs, that will be tested before the installation in a dedicated cosmic ray test facility. The test facility is composed of 2 triggering walls selecting horizontal cosmic rays muons. Each wall houses 64 glass RPCs equipped with 128 horizontal Flat Cable Strips. The z-coordinate is measured with a standard digital chain, while the x-coordinate is obtained by measuring the propagation time of the signals along the strips. In this paper the performance of the trigger walls and the first results of the RFC debug are presented. © 2004 Published by Elsevier B.V.

Published
2004
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19. Long term performances of OPERA bakelite RPC system

Author

Bertolin, A., Brugnera, R., Candela, A., Carrara, E., Castellani, L., Cazes, A., Corradi, G., Dal Corso, F., D'Incecco, M., Di Giovanni, A., Dusini, S., Felici, G., Garfagnini, A., Gustavino, C., Kliček, Budimir, Lindozzi, M., Longhin, A., Mengucci, A., Paoloni, A., Papalino, G., Stanco, L., Stipčević, Mario, Sugonyaev, V., Terranova, F., Spinetti, M., Ventura, M., Votano, L., Bertolin, A, Brugnera, R, Candela, A, Cazes, A, Corradi, G, D'Incecco, M, Dal Corso, F, Dusini, S, Felici, G, Garfagnini, A, Gustavino, C, Klicek, B, Lindozzi, M, Longhin, A, Mengucci, A, Paoloni, A, Papalino, G, Stanco, L, Stipcevic, M, Terranova, F, Spinetti, M, Ventura, M, and Votano, L

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Muon, Spectrometer, OPERA, Streamer mode, Scintillator, Nuclear physics, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Bakelite, RPC, Neutrino, Neutrino oscillation, Instrumentation, Beam (structure), Lepton
Abstract

OPERA is an experiment dedicated to the observation of ν μ into ν τ oscillations through τ appearance exploiting the CNGS beam. The experiment is composed by two identical super-modules, each with a target section (made of emulsion/lead bricks alternated with a scintillator Target Tracker) and a muon spectrometer (instrumented with bakelite RPCs and drift tubes). The RPCs are operated in streamer mode with the gas mixture Ar/C 2H 2F 4/isoC 4H 10/ SF 6=75.4/20/4/0.6. The present performances of the RPC detectors are presented and the aging status of the system after four years of operation is described. The sample of events induced by the CNGS neutrino beam as well as a large sample of cosmic rays have also been used to study general properties of streamer-operated RPCs. © 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Published
2012

20. Performance and aging of OPERA bakelite RPCs

Author

Bertolin, A., Brugnera, R., Candela, A., Cazes, A., Corradi, M., D'Incecco, F., Dal Corso, S., Dusini, G., Felici, A., Garfagnini, C. Gustavino, Kliček, Budimir, M. Lindozzi, A. Longhin, Mengucci, A., Paoloni, A., Papalino, G., Stanco, L., Stipčević, Mario, Terranova, F., Spinetti, M., Ventura, M., and xxxx, xxx

Subjects
RPC, OPERA, Streamer mode
Abstract

OPERA is an experiment dedicated to the observation of into oscillations through appearance exploiting the CNGS beam. The experiment is composed by two identical super- modules, each with a target section (made of emulsion/lead bricks alternated to a scintillator Target Tracker) and a muon spectrometer (instrumented with bakelite RPCs and drift tubes). The RPCs are operated in streamer mode with the gas mixture Ar/C2H2F4/isoC4H10/SF6=75.4/20/4/0.6. The present performances of the RPC system are presented and the aging status of the detector after four years of operation is described. The sample of events induced by the CNGS neutrino beam as well as a large sample of cosmic rays have also been used to study general properties of streamer- operated RPCs.

Published
2012

21. The RPC system of the OPERA experiment

Author

A. Bertolin, F. Terranova, Alessandro Paoloni, E. Cararra, F. Dal Corso, V. Sugoniaev, Ivano Lippi, M. Spinetti, R. Brugnera, A. Candela, M. Ventura, G. Papalino, A. Longhin, A. Cazes, S. Dusini, L. Votano, G. Corradi, M. D'Incecco, L. Castellani, Luca Stanco, A. Garfagnini, A. Mengucci, C. Gustavino, A. Di Giovanni, G. Felici, Mario Stipčević, A. Lindozzi, Bertolin, A, Brugnera, R, Candela, A, Cararra, E, Castellani, L, Cazes, A, Corradi, G, Dal Corso, F, D'Incecco, M, Di Giovanni, A, Dusini, S, Felici, G, Garfagnini, A, Gustavino, C, Lindozzi, A, Lippi, I, Longhin, A, Mengucci, A, Paoloni, A, Papalino, G, Spinetti, M, Stanco, L, Stipcevic, M, Sugoniaev, V, Terranova, F, Ventura, M, and Votano, L

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Muon, Large Hadron Collider, Spectrometer, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, OPERA, Streamer mode, Tracking (particle physics), Neutrino physic, Nuclear physics, Measuring instrument, RPC, Physics::Accelerator Physics, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Neutrino, Neutrino physics, Nuclear Experiment, Instrumentation, Beam (structure), Nuclear and High Energy Physic, Lepton
Abstract

The OPERA experiment is designed to study the ν μ → ν τ oscillation observing the ν τ appearance in a pure ν μ beam over a base line of 732 km from CERN to Gran Sasso Laboratory. The apparatus consists of a lead/emulsion-film target complemented by electronic detectors and muon spectrometers for muon charge and momentum measurements. The tracking inside the magnets is provide by Bakelite RPC chambers in a large scale application. The commissioning of the RPC system ended in August 2006. The paper present the layout of the RPC system and its performances.

Published
2009

22. Results about HF production and bakelite analysis for the CMS Resistive Plate Chambers

Author

Giuseppe Iaselli, Georgi Sultanov, R. Guida, Nicola Cavallo, G. Belli, F. Romano, G. Roselli, Davide Piccolo, Salvatore Tupputi, R. Trentadue, T. Anguelov, M. M. Necchi, Crisostomo Sciacca, Anton Dimitrov, S. P. Ratti, Francesco Fabozzi, Paolo Vitulo, Anna Colaleo, Mario Maggi, Borislav Pavlov, P. Torre, Giovanni Polese, P. Vankov, Salvatore Nuzzo, Gabriella Pugliese, B. Panev, Marcello Abbrescia, Leander Litov, Pierluigi Paolucci, F. Loddo, S. Piperov, Peicho Petkov, Stefano Natali, B. Marangelli, V. Genchev, Cristina Riccardi, and A. Ranieri

Subjects
Physics, Avalanche mode, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Resistive touchscreen, Hydrogen, CMS, Streamer mode, Analytical chemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, Resistive Plate Chamber, Line (electrical engineering), Nuclear physics, Closed loop gas circulation, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Impurity, Electrode, Bakelite, Gas purification, Gas composition, Instrumentation, Bakelite resistivity, Gas chromatography ion detector
Abstract

The formation of reactive compounds in the gas mixture during Resistive Plate Chambers (RPCs) operation at the CERN Gamma Irradiation Facility (GIF) is studied. Results from two different types of chambers are discussed: 50 × 50 cm 2 RPC prototypes and two final CMS-RB1 chambers. The RB1 detectors were also connected to a closed loop gas system. Gas composition and possible additional impurities have been monitored in different gamma irradiation conditions both in open and closed loop modes using a gas chromatograph. Dedicated measurements for fluoride concentration in the exhausted gas line were performed at different irradiations and operation conditions using a specific electrode and a High-Performance Liquid Chromatograph. The efficiency of the purifiers system present in the closed loop in removing the F - and others impurities has also been investigated. Finally, the chemical composition of the RPC electrode surface has been analyzed using an electron microscope equipped with an EDS/X-ray.

Published
2008

23. Performances of the OPERA RPCs

Author

Bergnoli, A, Bertolin, A, Brugnera, R, Candela, A, Carrara, E, Castellani, L, Cazes, A, Corradi, G, Dal Corso, F, D'Incecco, M, Di Giovanni, A, Dusini, S, Felici, G, Garfagnini, A, Gustavino, C, Lindozzi, M, Longhin, A, Mengucci, A, Paoloni, A, Papalino, G, Stanco, L, Stipcevic, M, Sugonyaev, V, Terranova, F, Spinetti, M, Ventura, M, Votano, L, Bergnoli, A., Bertolin, A., Brugnera, R., Candela, A., Carrara, E., Castellani, L., Cazes, A., Corradi, G., Dal Corso, F., D'Incecco, M., Di Giovanni, A., Dusini, S., Felici, G., Garfagnini, A., Gustavino, C., Lindozzi, M., Longhin, A., Mengucci, A., Paoloni, A., Papalino, G., Stanco, L., Stipcevic, M., Sugonyaev, V., Terranova, F., Spinetti, M., Ventura, M., Votano, L., Bergnoli, A, Bertolin, A, Brugnera, R, Candela, A, Carrara, E, Castellani, L, Cazes, A, Corradi, G, Dal Corso, F, D'Incecco, M, Di Giovanni, A, Dusini, S, Felici, G, Garfagnini, A, Gustavino, C, Lindozzi, M, Longhin, A, Mengucci, A, Paoloni, A, Papalino, G, Stanco, L, Stipcevic, M, Sugonyaev, V, Terranova, F, Spinetti, M, Ventura, M, Votano, L, Bergnoli, A., Bertolin, A., Brugnera, R., Candela, A., Carrara, E., Castellani, L., Cazes, A., Corradi, G., Dal Corso, F., D'Incecco, M., Di Giovanni, A., Dusini, S., Felici, G., Garfagnini, A., Gustavino, C., Lindozzi, M., Longhin, A., Mengucci, A., Paoloni, A., Papalino, G., Stanco, L., Stipcevic, M., Sugonyaev, V., Terranova, F., Spinetti, M., Ventura, M., and Votano, L.

Abstract

OPERA is a dedicated experiment for the observation of Î1⁄2Î1⁄4into Î1⁄2Ï„oscillations through Ï„ appearance using a 730 km long baseline Î1⁄2Î1⁄4beam from CERN to the Gran Sasso underground laboratory. The detector is equipped with two spectrometers for muon identification and charm background rejection. Bakelite RPCs are used as inner trackers inside the iron magnet of the spectrometers. The experiment has already performed two short runs in 2006 and 2007. Results about the RPC performances are presented. © 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Published
2009

24. The RPC system of the OPERA experiment

Author

Bertolin, A, Brugnera, R, Candela, A, Cararra, E, Castellani, L, Cazes, A, Corradi, G, Dal Corso, F, D'Incecco, M, Di Giovanni, A, Dusini, S, Felici, G, Garfagnini, A, Gustavino, C, Lindozzi, A, Lippi, I, Longhin, A, Mengucci, A, Paoloni, A, Papalino, G, Spinetti, M, Stanco, L, Stipcevic, M, Sugoniaev, V, Terranova, F, Ventura, M, Votano, L, Bertolin, A., Brugnera, R., Candela, A., Cararra, E., Castellani, L., Cazes, A., Corradi, G., Dal Corso, F., D'Incecco, M., Di Giovanni, A., Dusini, S., Felici, G., Garfagnini, A., Gustavino, C., Lindozzi, A., Lippi, I., Longhin, A., Mengucci, A., Paoloni, A., Papalino, G., Spinetti, M., Stanco, L., Stipcevic, M., Sugoniaev, V., Terranova, F., Ventura, M., Votano, L., Bertolin, A, Brugnera, R, Candela, A, Cararra, E, Castellani, L, Cazes, A, Corradi, G, Dal Corso, F, D'Incecco, M, Di Giovanni, A, Dusini, S, Felici, G, Garfagnini, A, Gustavino, C, Lindozzi, A, Lippi, I, Longhin, A, Mengucci, A, Paoloni, A, Papalino, G, Spinetti, M, Stanco, L, Stipcevic, M, Sugoniaev, V, Terranova, F, Ventura, M, Votano, L, Bertolin, A., Brugnera, R., Candela, A., Cararra, E., Castellani, L., Cazes, A., Corradi, G., Dal Corso, F., D'Incecco, M., Di Giovanni, A., Dusini, S., Felici, G., Garfagnini, A., Gustavino, C., Lindozzi, A., Lippi, I., Longhin, A., Mengucci, A., Paoloni, A., Papalino, G., Spinetti, M., Stanco, L., Stipcevic, M., Sugoniaev, V., Terranova, F., Ventura, M., and Votano, L.

Abstract

The OPERA experiment is designed to study the Î1⁄2Î1⁄4→ Î1⁄2Ï„oscillation observing the Î1⁄2Ï„appearance in a pure Î1⁄2Î1⁄4beam over a base line of 732 km from CERN to Gran Sasso Laboratory. The apparatus consists of a lead/emulsion-film target complemented by electronic detectors and muon spectrometers for muon charge and momentum measurements. The tracking inside the magnets is provide by Bakelite RPC chambers in a large scale application. The commissioning of the RPC system ended in August 2006. The paper present the layout of the RPC system and its performances. © 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Published
2009

25. The OPERA cosmic ray test facility at the Gran Sasso

Author

Brugnera, R., Candela, A., Carrara, E., Dal Corso, F., De Deo, M., Degli Esposti, L., D'Incecco, M., Dusini, S., Fanin, C., Garfagnini, A., Grianti, F., Gustavino, C., Lindozzi, M., Mengucci, A., Monacelli, P., Moro, R., Paoloni, A., Stanco, L., Tatananni, E., Terranova, F., Spinetti, M., Stipčević, Mario, Ventura, M., Votano, and Zauner, Branimir

Subjects
glass RPC, streamer mode, OPERA experiment
Abstract

The OPERA experiment foresees the use of about 3000 m^2 of RPCs, that will be tested before the installation in a dedicated cosmic ray test facility. The test facility is composed of 2 triggering walls selecting horizontal cosmic rays muons. Each wall houses 64 glass RPCs equipped with 128 horizontal Flat Cable Strips. The z-coordinate is measured with a standard digital chain, while the x-coordinate is obtained by measuring the propagation time of the signals along the strips. In this paper the performance of the trigger walls and the first results of the RPC debug are presented.

Published
2004

26. A new concept for streamer quenching in resistive plate chambers

Author

Calcaterra, A, de Sangro, R, Mannocchi, G, Patteri, P, Picchi, P, Piccolo, M, Redaelli, N, TABARELLI DE FATIS, T, Trinchero, G, Trinchero, GC, TABARELLI DE FATIS, TOMMASO, Calcaterra, A, de Sangro, R, Mannocchi, G, Patteri, P, Picchi, P, Piccolo, M, Redaelli, N, TABARELLI DE FATIS, T, Trinchero, G, Trinchero, GC, and TABARELLI DE FATIS, TOMMASO

Abstract

In this paper we propose a new concept for streamer quenching in Resistive Plate Chambers (RPCs). In our approach, the multiplication process is quenched by the appropriate design of a mechanical structure inserted between the two resistive electrodes. We show that stable performance is achieved with binary gas mixtures based on argon and a small fraction of isobutane. Fluorocarbons, deemed responsible for the degradation of the electrode inner surface of RPC detectors, are thus fully eliminated from the gas mixture. This design also resulted in a simplified assembly procedure. Preliminary results obtained with a few prototypes of "Mechanically Quenched RPCs" and some prospects for future developments are discussed. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

Published
2006

27. The OPERA cosmic ray test facility at the Gran Sasso

Author

Brugnera, R, Candela, A, Carrara, E, Dal Corso, F, De Deo, M, Degli Esposti, L, D'Incecco, M, Dusini, S, Fanin, C, Garfagnini, A, Grianti, F, Gustavino, C, Lindozzi, M, Mengucci, A, Monacelli, P, Moro, R, Paoloni, A, Stanco, L, Tatananni, E, Terranova, F, Spinetti, M, Stipcevic, M, Ventura, M, Votano, L, Zauner, B, Brugnera, R., Candela, A., Carrara, E., Dal Corso, F., De Deo, M., Degli Esposti, L., D'Incecco, M., Dusini, S., Fanin, C., Garfagnini, A., Grianti, F., Gustavino, C., Lindozzi, M., Mengucci, A., Monacelli, P., Moro, R., Paoloni, A., Stanco, L., Tatananni, E., Terranova, F., Spinetti, M., Stipcevic, M., Ventura, M., Votano, L., Zauner, B., Brugnera, R, Candela, A, Carrara, E, Dal Corso, F, De Deo, M, Degli Esposti, L, D'Incecco, M, Dusini, S, Fanin, C, Garfagnini, A, Grianti, F, Gustavino, C, Lindozzi, M, Mengucci, A, Monacelli, P, Moro, R, Paoloni, A, Stanco, L, Tatananni, E, Terranova, F, Spinetti, M, Stipcevic, M, Ventura, M, Votano, L, Zauner, B, Brugnera, R., Candela, A., Carrara, E., Dal Corso, F., De Deo, M., Degli Esposti, L., D'Incecco, M., Dusini, S., Fanin, C., Garfagnini, A., Grianti, F., Gustavino, C., Lindozzi, M., Mengucci, A., Monacelli, P., Moro, R., Paoloni, A., Stanco, L., Tatananni, E., Terranova, F., Spinetti, M., Stipcevic, M., Ventura, M., Votano, L., and Zauner, B.

Abstract

The OPERA experiment foresees the use of about 3000m2of RPCs, that will be tested before the installation in a dedicated cosmic ray test facility. The test facility is composed of 2 triggering walls selecting horizontal cosmic rays muons. Each wall houses 64 glass RPCs equipped with 128 horizontal Flat Cable Strips. The z-coordinate is measured with a standard digital chain, while the x-coordinate is obtained by measuring the propagation time of the signals along the strips. In this paper the performance of the trigger walls and the first results of the RFC debug are presented. © 2004 Published by Elsevier B.V.

Published
2004

28. Performances of silicone coated high resistive bakeliteRPC

Author

Biswas, S., Bhattacharya, Purba, Bhattacharya, S., Bose, S., Chattopadhyay, S., Majumdar, N., Mukhopadhyay, S., Saha, S., and Viyogi, Y.P.

Subjects
*SILICONES, *BAKELITE, *ELECTRODES, *ELECTRIC fields, *PROFILOMETER
Abstract

Abstract: Performances of several single gap (gas gap 2mm) prototype Resistive Plate Chambers (RPC) made of high resistive () bakelite, commercially available in India have been studied in recent times. To make the inner electrode surfaces smooth, a thin coating of silicone has been applied. An efficiency and time resolution (FWHM) have been obtained for both the streamer and the avalanche mode. The induced charge distributions of those silicone coated RPC are studied and the results are presented. A numerical study on the effect of surface roughness of the resistive electrodes on the electric field of the device has been carried out using Garfield-neBEM code. A few results for a simplified model representing surface roughness, measured using a surface profilometer for the bakelite surfaces, have also been presented. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Published
2012
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