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Introduction: The strawberry industry in South Korea has witnessed a significant 65% growth over the past decade, surpassing other fruits and vegetables in production value. While sweetness and acidity are well-recognized flavor determinants, the role of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in defining the desirable flavor profiles of strawberries is also crucial. However, existing research has predominantly concentrated on a limited range of commercial cultivars, neglecting the broader spectrum of strawberry varieties. Methods: This study embarked on developing a comprehensive VOC database for a diverse array of strawberry cultivars sourced both domestically and internationally. A total of 61 different strawberry cultivars from Korea (45), the USA (7), Japan (8), and France (1) were analyzed for their VOC content using Tenax TA Thermo Desorption tubes and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). In addition to VOC profiling, heritability was assessed using one-way ANOVA to compare means among multiple groups, providing insights into the genetic basis of flavor differences. Results and discussion: The analysis identified 122 compounds categorized into esters, alcohols, terpenes, and lactones, with esters constituting the majority (46.5%) of total VOCs in Korean cultivars. 'Arihyang', 'Sunnyberry', and 'Kingsberry' exhibited the highest diversity of VOCs detected (97 types), whereas 'Seolhong' showed the highest overall concentration (57.5mg·kg-1 FW). Compared to the USA cultivars, which were abundant in γ-decalactone (a peach-like fruity aroma), most domestic cultivars lacked this compound. Notably, 'Misohyang' displayed a high γ-decalactone content, highlighting its potential as breeding germplasm to improve flavor in Korean strawberries. The findings underscore the importance of a comprehensive VOC analysis across different strawberry cultivars to understand flavor composition. The significant variation in VOC content among the cultivars examined opens avenues for targeted breeding strategies. By leveraging the distinct VOC profiles, particularly the presence of γ-decalactone, breeders can develop new strawberry varieties with enhanced flavor profiles, catering to consumer preferences for both domestic and international markets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Natural farming, a recent agricultural innovation emphasizing minimal inputs, helps boost crop production. While strawberries are conventionally cultivated, their natural farming potential remains untapped. In this regard, an experiment was conducted to evaluate the influence of Subhash Palekar natural farming (SPNF) and conventional farming (CF) systems on the vegetative growth and yield performances of five different strawberry cultivars viz. Capri, Winter Star, Winter Dawn, Camarosa, and Nabila under field trials in the Doaba region of Punjab conditions. The experiment included ten treatments and was laid out in the factorial randomized block design employing five distinct strawberry cultivars (Capri, Winter Star, Winter Dawn, Camarosa, and Nabila) as factor I, and farming techniques - SPNF and CF - as factor II. The results confirmed the supremacy of CF for vegetative growth and SPNF system for yield and yield attributing characters. Under the CF, cultivar Capri greatly outgrew other cultivars in terms of increased plant height (5.60 and 12.10 cm) and plant spread (14.87 and 23.63 cm EW; 13.00 and 24.59 cm NS) at 45 and 90 DAP, respectively. Contrarily, under the same farming method, the cultivar Camarosa displayed larger numbers of trifoliate leaves (4.80 and 14.50 at 45 and 90 DAP, respectively), chlorophyll index (56.90 SPAD), leaf area (45.84 cm2), and stem girth (2.45 cm). However, cultivar Capri produced the maximum fruits per plant (26.14) and yield per plant (328.53 g), while cultivar Camarosa resulted in the maximum average berry weight (16.53 g) and the greater yield efficiency (0.77 kg/cm2) under the SPNF technique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Mountain Agriculture on the Balkans (JMAB) is the property of Research Institute of Mountain Stockbreeding & Agriculture and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this article, the results of testing strawberry cultivars Ostara, Korona, Pineberry, Maxim (Gigantella), Dora and the standard Cambridge favourite are presented. The trial was established in May, 2015 in the Kostinbrod experimental field under field conditions (without mulching) in four replications at a planting scheme of 1.80 m/0.25 m. It covered a two-year period – 2016 and 2017. It was found that flowering occurred earliest in Ostara, latest in Cambridge favourite. Dora was the earliest maturing cultivar (mid-May). Varieties resistant to late spring frosts (Ostara, Korona, Dora, Cambridge favourite) predominate. The cultivars Korona and Ostara are well characterised by number of inflorescences and number of flowers per plant. The fruits are attractive, especially those of Pineberry, which are white to pale pink in colour. Korona has an excellent flavour, Dora and Maxim are very good. Dora's fruit is characterised by a strong aroma. The infestation rate of strawberry weevils /Rhynchites germanicus Hrbst., Anthonomus rubi/ is below the threshold of economic harm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To maintain a constant supply of fresh fruit from May to November, producers increase the area of strawberry cultivation under shelters and grow strawberries that repeat fruiting. An additional problem is the reduction of available pesticides caused by the recommendations of the European Green Deal. For these reasons, the authors undertook to compare cultivars to determine which had the best quality fruits and whichplant wasmost resistant to the most dangerous pests.The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of the method of plant protection on the health and quality of the fruit yield of three remontant strawberry cultivars grown in a soilless medium. This study evaluated fruit yield and fruit quality as well as the contribution of pathogens to yield losses. For this purpose, standard phytopathological methods were used to identify the causes of disease symptoms on the fruit. At the same time, laboratory tests were carried out on the quality of the harvested strawberries, i.e., firmness and acidity of the fruit, soluble solids content, and respiration rate. The applied protection methods had little effect on the marketable yield and fruit size but had a significant impact on reducing fruit losses caused by the most common diseases. The effectiveness of individual protection methods inreducing the incidence of the tested pathogens and the effect on fruit quality parameters depended on the cultivar and growing season. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract The post-harvest processing of strawberries generates considerable amounts of by-products that consist of the inedible parts of the fruit (sepal, calyx, stem, and non-marketable portion of the fruit), which is an environmental problem for local producers and industries. This study aimed to revalue these kinds of tissues through identifying and quantifying the genotype influence on the total phenolic content, phenolic profile, and the antioxidant activity of the by-products from three strawberry cultivars: ‘Festival’ (FE), ‘San Andreas ‘ (SA), and ‘Camino Real’ (CR). The total phenolic content was determined by the Folin–Ciocalteu method, in-vitro antioxidant activity by the DPPH* radical scavenging method and the phenolic profile by PAD–HPLC. The different genotypes showed significant differences (p /Kg of by-product ), followed by SA and CR cultivars. The antioxidant capacity of the SA and FE tissues were similar (p > 0.05) and higher (15.1–16.3 mmol Trolox equivalents /Kg R) than CR. Eight main phenolic compounds were identified and quantified on the three cultivars. Agrimoniin was the principal polyphenol (0.38–1.56 g/Kg R), and the cultivar FE had the highest concentration. This compound showed the highest correlation coefficient with the antioxidant capacity (R 2 0.87; p

In order for strawberry varieties to be recommended in any region, the ecological demands of the varieties must be determined by making adaptation studies. For a successful strawberry production, variety adaptation plays an important role in the growing region. In strawberry cultivation, one of the most important purposes of breeding programs is to regulate yield and fruit quality. This study was carried out in order to determine the yield and quality characteristics of four strawberry cultivars (Albion, Monterey, San Andreas and Portola) using frigo seedlings in the Ereğli district of Konya province in 2019-2020. In the study, the earliest flowering and the highest yield were observed in Portola variety in both years. The highest fruit weight was obtained from Monterey (8.19 g) in the first year and Portola (7.72 g) in the second year. The highest number of fruits per plant was obtained from Portola (11.85-8.20 units/plant) in both years. The highest fruit firmness was determined in Monterey (1.47-1.49 kg/cm²) cultivar in both years. The highest TSS content was determined in Albion (12.40-15.10%) in both years. In the experiment, the highest L (brightness) values were found in San Andreas (35.77-36.82) variety in both years. The highest C (color intensity) value was determined in San Andreas (41.25-43.53) cultivar in both years. The darkest red fruits were determined in Monterey (h°=30.33) and Portola (h°=32.06) in the first year, and in Portola (h°=31.46) and Monterey (C°=32.15) cultivars in the second year. Titratable acidity was found to vary between 1.09% and 1.15% in the first year and between 1.23% and 1.69% in the second year. As a result, it was concluded that the cultivation of Portola variety is appropriate in terms of yield and quality characteristics in Konya province Ereğli conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Florida-produced strawberry (Fragaria ×ananassa) plug transplants (SP) are a potential alternative to bare-root transplants (BR). The adoption of this technology could represent a reduction in water usage for plant establishment and potentially higher early yield, as SP may establish more quickly than BR. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of time in nursery and tray sizes, on early and total strawberry yield for Florida-produced SP for ‘Florida Radiance’, ‘Strawberry Festival’, and Sweet Sensation® ‘Florida127’. Runners from Florida-produced mother plants were collected in mid and late August from 2012 to 2015. SP were grown for either 4 or 6 weeks according to the treatment and established in 30-, 40-, 50-, and 72-cell trays, and compared with BR (control). Additionally, strawberry tips from California were evaluated for SP production. BR consistently had higher early yield than SP, ranging from 36% to 91%, between 2012 and 2016. SP produced the same or higher total yield than BR. Florida-produced SP should be grown for 4 weeks before field transplanting in 50-cell trays based on the results of this study. Furthermore, there was no difference between California and Florida tips for total yield. In all seasons, all SP were established with 20% of the total irrigation water used for the BR. Thus, SP could potentially result in water savings of almost 820,800 gal/acre per season, but the early yield of SP would need to be improved to match BR performance.

To maintain a constant supply of fresh fruit from May to November, producers increase the area of strawberry cultivation under shelters and grow strawberries that repeat fruiting. An additional problem is the reduction of available pesticides caused by the recommendations of the European Green Deal. For these reasons, the authors undertook to compare cultivars to determine which had the best quality fruits and whichplant wasmost resistant to the most dangerous pests.The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of the method of plant protection on the health and quality of the fruit yield of three remontant strawberry cultivars grown in a soilless medium. This study evaluated fruit yield and fruit quality as well as the contribution of pathogens to yield losses. For this purpose, standard phytopathological methods were used to identify the causes of disease symptoms on the fruit. At the same time, laboratory tests were carried out on the quality of the harvested strawberries, i.e., firmness and acidity of the fruit, soluble solids content, and respiration rate. The applied protection methods had little effect on the marketable yield and fruit size but had a significant impact on reducing fruit losses caused by the most common diseases. The effectiveness of individual protection methods inreducing the incidence of the tested pathogens and the effect on fruit quality parameters depended on the cultivar and growing season.

The post-harvest processing of strawberries generates considerable amounts of by-products that consist of the inedible parts of the fruit (sepal, calyx, stem, and non-marketable portion of the fruit), which is an environmental problem for local producers and industries. This study aimed to revalue these kinds of tissues through identifying and quantifying the genotype influence on the total phenolic content, phenolic profile, and the antioxidant activity of the by-products from three strawberry cultivars: 'Festival' (FE), 'San Andreas ' (SA), and 'Camino Real' (CR). The total phenolic content was determined by the Folin–Ciocalteu method, in-vitro antioxidant activity by the DPPH* radical scavenging method and the phenolic profile by PAD–HPLC. The different genotypes showed significant differences (p < 0.05) in total phenolic content (TPC), FE being the one with the highest TPC (14.97 g of gallic acid equivalents < GAE > /Kg of by-product < R >), followed by SA and CR cultivars. The antioxidant capacity of the SA and FE tissues were similar (p > 0.05) and higher (15.1–16.3 mmol Trolox equivalents < TE > /Kg R) than CR. Eight main phenolic compounds were identified and quantified on the three cultivars. Agrimoniin was the principal polyphenol (0.38–1.56 g/Kg R), and the cultivar FE had the highest concentration. This compound showed the highest correlation coefficient with the antioxidant capacity (R2 0.87; p < 0.001). This study highlighted the impact of the multi-cultivar systems in strawberry production on the bioactive potential and the diversity of secondary metabolites obtained from strawberry agro-industrial by-products at a low cost. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Neoseiulus californicus (McGregor) is a predatory mite that can control spider mites. The effect of seven strawberry cultivars (including: ‘Marak’, ‘Yalova’, ‘Aliso’, ‘Gaviota’, ‘Sequoia’, ‘Camarosa’ and ‘Chandler’) on the growth and development of N. californicus was studied in the laboratory conditions (27 ± 1 °C, 70 ± 5% RH and 16L: 8D photoperiod). There was significant difference in the number of trichomes on the leaves of strawberry cultivars. Life table parameters were analyzed based on age˗ stage, two˗sex life table. Egg incubation and protonymphal duration were significantly different when the predator was reared on different cultivars. There was no significant difference of total longevity among different cultivars. The longest preoviposition period was observed on ‘Aliso’ (1.70 days). The fecundity rate on ‘Gaviota’ and ‘Sequioa’ (6.90 and 8.91 eggs, respectively) was lower than other cultivars tested. The highest intrinsic rate of increase (0.20 day-1) and fecundity rates (13.29 eggs) were on ‘Chandler’, which might be due to the higher nutritional quality of Tetranychus urticae Koch reared on it or its low density of trichomes. Among the seven strawberry cultivars ‘Sequoia’, ‘Gaviota’ and ‘Yalova’ were recognized unsuitable for development and reproduction of N. californicus.

Introduction: The strawberry industry in South Korea has witnessed a significant 65% growth over the past decade, surpassing other fruits and vegetables in production value. While sweetness and acidity are well-recognized flavor determinants, the role of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in defining the desirable flavor profiles of strawberries is also crucial. However, existing research has predominantly concentrated on a limited range of commercial cultivars, neglecting the broader spectrum of strawberry varieties., Methods: This study embarked on developing a comprehensive VOC database for a diverse array of strawberry cultivars sourced both domestically and internationally. A total of 61 different strawberry cultivars from Korea (45), the USA (7), Japan (8), and France (1) were analyzed for their VOC content using Tenax TA Thermo Desorption tubes and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). In addition to VOC profiling, heritability was assessed using one-way ANOVA to compare means among multiple groups, providing insights into the genetic basis of flavor differences., Results and Discussion: The analysis identified 122 compounds categorized into esters, alcohols, terpenes, and lactones, with esters constituting the majority (46.5%) of total VOCs in Korean cultivars. 'Arihyang', 'Sunnyberry', and 'Kingsberry' exhibited the highest diversity of VOCs detected (97 types), whereas 'Seolhong' showed the highest overall concentration (57.5mg·kg -1 FW). Compared to the USA cultivars, which were abundant in γ-decalactone (a peach-like fruity aroma), most domestic cultivars lacked this compound. Notably, 'Misohyang' displayed a high γ-decalactone content, highlighting its potential as breeding germplasm to improve flavor in Korean strawberries. The findings underscore the importance of a comprehensive VOC analysis across different strawberry cultivars to understand flavor composition. The significant variation in VOC content among the cultivars examined opens avenues for targeted breeding strategies. By leveraging the distinct VOC profiles, particularly the presence of γ-decalactone, breeders can develop new strawberry varieties with enhanced flavor profiles, catering to consumer preferences for both domestic and international markets., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. The author(s) declared that they were an editorial board member of Frontiers, at the time of submission. This had no impact on the peer review process and the final decision., (Copyright © 2024 Jee, Do, Gil, Kim, Lee, Lee and Ku.)

Abstract Strawberry is one of the most popular fruits in the world because of its good organoleptic characteristics, as its aroma is a complex characteristic that significantly contributes to fruit quality. In the present work, we performed a comparative study of the differences in the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) contents and the enzymatic activity and gene expression of alcohol acyltransferases (AATs) in four strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.) cultivars ('Camarosa', 'Cristal', 'Monterey', and 'Portola'). In the four cultivars esters were the most important group among the observed VOCs; however in terms of differences in concentration, the 'Monterey' and 'Portola' cultivars showed the highest ester concentrations, while 'Cristal' showed the lowest, and 'Camarosa' showed an intermediate concentration. With respect to the mRNAs of the genes encoding two enzymes (SAAT and FaAAT2), we observed higher transcript levels in the 'Monterrey' and 'Portola' cultivars than in the other two cultivars ('Cristal' and 'Camarosa'). Finally, the results suggested a temporal relationship exists between total AAT activities, VOCs contents and mRNA gene expression, which could be valuable for future breeding activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights • SIFT-MS is a fast complementary technique to profile strawberry aroma. • SIFT-MS circumvents SPME pre-concentration allowing analyses of intact fruits. • Aroma differences between and within cultivars can be detected. • SIFT-MS and GC–MS provide similar classification results. • Tentative identification in SIFT-MS was confirmed by GC–MS. Abstract Aroma is an essential quality aspect of fresh produce and plays an important role in determining consumer liking and the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) can serve as markers for fermentation and postharvest storage disorders. This study suggests Selected Ion Flow Tube Mass Spectrometry (SIFT-MS) as a candidate technique for the rapid, non-destructive and quantitative measurement of VOCs in postharvest quality research. Strawberry was chosen as a model fruit since its aroma is one of its main quality traits. Combining SIFT-MS in full scan mode with multivariate statistics allowed for inter- and intra-cultivar discrimination of strawberry aroma profiles. Further, by combining SIFT-MS with GC–MS it is possible to tentatively identify volatiles. As compared to GC–MS based approaches total analysis time was reduced by a factor 11. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights • Evaluated the composition of polyphenols in fruits from 90 cultivars of F. ananassa. • Eighty of cultivars were analyzed for the first time. • Tannins and ellagitannins had the greatest influence on antioxidant activity. • Cultivars with a high content of tannins and high antioxidant capacity were selected. Abstract Strawberry fruit is a valuable resource, rich in vitamins and polyphenolic compounds. These compounds have a broad spectrum of biological activity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the qualitative and quantitative composition of polyphenols in strawberry fruit from 90 cultivars of Fragaria × ananassa Duch. from two growing seasons. Eighty of them were analyzed for the first time (to the best of our knowledge). The identification of polyphenolics and other compounds was performed using UPLC-qTOF-MS/MS. Nine compounds were recorded for the first time in mature strawberry fruit. Antioxidant properties were also determined using DPPH and ABTS methods. Statistical analysis of the results was performed using principal component analysis. Tannins, especially ellagitannins with agrimoniin, as well as the total polyphenols, had the greatest influence on antioxidant activity in the ABTS test. Cultivars characterized by a high content of tannins and high antioxidant capacity were selected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The contents of 17 elements in thirteen strawberry cultivars grown in the five districts of Southern Serbia were determined using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). The most abundant elements are K (875-1148 mg · kg−1 fresh weight), P (307-664 mg · kg−1 fresh weight), Ca (192-256 mg · kg−1 fresh weight), and Mg (111-189 mg · kg−1 fresh weight) in all samples. Strawberries were also found to be a good source of Sr (8.05-18.6 mg · kg−1 fresh weight) and Fe (3.09-10.4 mg · kg−1 fresh weight). The contents of As and Cd were below the detection limit (0.0828 mg · kg−1 and 0.0205 mg · kg−1, respectively) in all strawberry samples, while the contents of Ni, Cr, and Cu were below the recommended tolerable levels proposed by Joint Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and World Health Organization Expert Committee on Food Additives, and did not a pose a health risk for the consumer. The application of Duncan’s test showed significant differences between contents of analyzed elements in all strawberry cultivars. The highest mean levels of analyzed elements were detected in strawberries grown in the Toplički, Jablanički, and Pčinjski districts. The spike recovery test was used to verify the accuracy of the method, and the spike recovery was in the range 93.8-107.8%. The contents of the metals in strawberry samples were also comparable with values previously reported in the literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Classification of fresh and processing strawberry cultivars is important to make the best utilization of different cultivars in processing. The aim of the study was to investigate whether support vector machine (SVM) and extreme learning machine (ELM) could assist the classification of 15 strawberry cultivars. Twenty-two characteristic indexes were analyzed, including not only appearance indexes but also nutritional indexes. RESULTS: The results showed that classification accuracies of 100% and 88.52% were obtained by using SVM and ELM with 3-fold cross validation, respectively. Moreover, seven characteristic variables extracted from 22 quality indexes by SVM could make it possible to determine the adaptability of a particular cultivar by measuring relatively small number of indexes. CONCLUSION: Both ELM and SVM models are feasible to identify fresh and processing cultivars. However, SVM showed better performance for its accuracy and simplicity, indicating that SVM would be a good choice for classification of strawberry cultivars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND Although strawberry ( Fragaria x ananassa Duch.) species are sensitive to abiotic stress conditions, some cultivars are known to be tolerant to different environmental conditions. We examined the response of different strawberry cultivars to water stress conditions in terms of yield, quality and biochemical features. The trial was conducted under two different irrigation regimes: in grow bags containing cocopeat (control, 30%; water stress, 15% drainage) with four different cultivars (Camarosa, Albion, Amiga and Rubygem). RESULTS Fruit weight declined by 59.72% and the yield per unit area by 63.62% under water stress conditions as compared to control. Albion and Rubygem were found to be more tolerant and Amiga the most sensitive in terms of yield under stress conditions. Water stress increased all biochemical features in fruits such as total phenol, total anthocyanin, antioxidant activity and sugar contents. Among the cultivars, glucose and fructose was higher in Albion. CONCLUSION Considering the rise in global warming, identification of resistant and tolerant cultivars to stress conditions are crucial for future breeding programmes. Our results showed that some of the fruit's physical features were affected negatively by stress conditions whereas many of the biochemical features such as total anthocyanin content, total phenolic content and antioxidant activity were positively modulated. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect of planting distances on the development of root and crown rot diseases of strawberry in the transplanting nursery was studied in two successive seasons of 2015 and 2016. Three Super Elite mother plants of Festival, Florida and Sweet Charlie were tested. Seven Planting distances (0.6, 0.9, 1.2, 1.5, 1.8, 2.1, 2.4 m) were used between mother plants. The first three planting distances (0.6, 0.9, 1.2 m) were the standard distances used by strawberry growers in the commercial nurseries. The rest of planting distances (1.5, 1.8, 2.1, 2.4 m) represented the suggested modified distances. The obtained results showed a considerable amount of reduction (%) on root and crown rot diseases on the produced transplants of the modified planting distances. The modification of planting distances in strawberry nurseries could be used as one of banned methyl bromide alternatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plants of six strawberry cultivars were raised under controlled conditions and tested for flowering and yield potential. Short days (SD) at intermediate temperatures for 4 weeks in August induced profuse flowering in subsequent long days (LD) in all cultivars except the late-flowering ‘Malwina’. LD conditions induced flowering only in ‘Nobel’, which has an everbearing parent. ‘Nobel’ and ‘Saga’ exhibited broad temperature adaptation for SD floral induction, which was generally reduced or suppressed at 9 and 27°C. After autumn planting, all cultivars flowered most abundantly in plants raised in SD and intermediate temperatures. Flowering was earliest in ‘Nobel’ and ‘Rumba’. Plants that did not reach floral commitment after 4 weeks in SD continued and completed induction under subsequent natural SD conditions after planting in the field, demonstrating the capability of fractional induction. Berry yield varied in parallel with flowering in the field and was always higher in plants raised under SD conditions. The traditional cultivars ‘Florence’ and ‘Sonata’ out-yielded the more recent cultivars. Some cultivars lost more than two thirds of their initiated flowers during the winter with obvious consequences for their yields. With proper raising management, acceptable yields were obtained after autumn planting even in a cool Nordic climate. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Copyright of Journal of Plant Production is the property of Egyptian National Agricultural Library (ENAL) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A utilização de um sistema adequado para a condução das plantas-matrizes fornecedoras de mudas é de fundamental importância, tanto com a finalidade de favorecer a quantidade de mudas produzidas, como para a qualidade das mesmas; por outro lado, a disponibilidade de mudas em períodos não convencionais de plantio, através da utilização da frigoconservação, possibilita a produção de frutos na entressafra, propiciando maiores ganhos pelos produtores devido aos melhores preços alcançados. Os presentes trabalhos tiveram como objetivos comparar o sistema de produção de mudas de morangueiro convencional com o de produção em vasos suspensos, assim como avaliar a frigoconservação em mudas produzidas em sistema de vasos suspensos. Avaliaram-se a matéria seca, os teores de carboidratos nas mudas e a percentagem de sobrevivência das mesmas após o transplante para local definitivo. No primeiro trabalho, foi utilizado o delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, em esquema fatorial 3x2 (três cultivares: Campinas, Pelican e Guarani; e dois sistemas de produção de mudas), com três repetições de 30 mudas; no segundo trabalho, utilizou-se o delineamento experimental inteiramente ao acaso, com cinco cultivares (Campinas, Dover, Pelican, Sequoia e Sweet Charlie) e nove repetições. Neste último trabalho, após a coleta, as mudas foram acondicionadas em sacos de polietileno e frigoconservadas durante 120 dias em câmara fria (-1 ± 1ºC). As mudas produzidas em vasos suspensos apresentaram maior percentagem de sobrevivência e maiores teores de carboidratos totais, com resultados semelhantes para as três cultivares estudadas. A frigoconservação de mudas de morangueiro produzidas em sistema de vasos suspensos resultou em baixa percentagem de sobrevivência de mudas no experimento.An appropriate conduction system of the plants that originate the runners has a fundamental importance, in order to favor the amount of produced plants and their quality. On the other hand, through the use of the cold storage, the availability of strawberry runners in the off season periods, makes it possible to produce during the off-season period , so that producers can get better prices for the production. These experiments were conducted in order to compare the conventional strawberry runners' production system with the runner production system in suspended pots, and also to evaluate the cold storage of strawberry runners produced in suspended pots system. It was measured the dry matter and carbohydrates contents in runners and the survival percentage when the runner was transplanted to field production areas. The first experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design, with 3x2 factorial outline (three cultivars: Campinas, Pelican and Guarani; and two runners production systems) with three repetitions of thirty runners each; in the second experiment, it was used the experimental entirely random design, with five strawberry cultivars (Campinas, Dover, Pelican, Sequoia and Sweet Charlie) and nine replicates, in the final experiment. After the selection, the runners were conditioned in polyethylene bags and stored under low temperatures during 120 days (-1 ± 1ºC). The runners produced in the system of suspended pots showed higher amount of total carbohydrates and higher plant survival rate. The results were similar for the three cultivars. Cold storage of strawberry runners produced in the system of suspended pots resulted in lower percentage of seedlings survival.

There is an increasing demand in the market to improve strawberry quality by promoting human-health compounds content, as these may play a significant role in the prevention of chronic diseases. Strawberry cultivars, environmental conditions, and agronomical conditions have an effect on fruit characteristics; therefore, it is necessary to constantly generate information about the cultivar response to different production areas and cultural practices. The goal of this work was to evaluate the effect of two planting dates, two harvest dates, and four strawberry cultivars on total phenolic acid (gallic acid equivalent), ascorbic acid (vitamin C), and soluble solid content∙titratable acidity-1 (SSC∙TA-1) ratio in Huelva, Spain. Sixteen treatments resulted from the combination of four cultivars, two planting dates, and two harvest dates. Strawberry ‘Camarosa’, ‘Sabrosa’, ‘Aguedilla’, and ‘Fuentepina’ were selected for both seasons and planted on 7 Oct. (early planting) and 21 Oct. (late planting). Mid-February and mid-April were considered early and late harvest, respectively. Nutraceutical and organoleptic responses were specifics for each cultivar. The highest SSC∙TA-1 ratio was observed in ‘Fuentepina’ planted late and harvested early. ‘Aguedilla’ resulted in the highest phenolic content when harvested in the late season. Additionally, phenolic content was significantly higher when using late planting combined with late harvest in most of the cultivars. Late harvested ‘Camarosa’ showed the highest TA concentration, whereas ‘Sabrosa’ resulted in the highest SSC regardless of harvesting date. Additionally, ‘Aguedilla’ and ‘Sabrosa’ showed the highest ascorbic content. Strawberry quality could be improved by selecting the adequate planting and harvesting dates according to specific cultivars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The investigation was carried out during the 2012-2013 period in the experimental field of the Institute of Agriculture, Kyustendil. The aim of the study was to assess the resistance of selected strawberry cultivars to the strawberry rhynchites (Rhynchites germanicus Herbst) and the strawberry blossom weevil (Anthonomus rubi Herbst). Two-year results of testing of introduced cultivars for resistance to Rhynchites germanicus and Anthonomus rubi are presented in this paper. In the study, the following 11 cultivars (Maya, Camino Real, Elegance, Serenity, Fenella, Onda, Selva, Ventana, Diamante, Gaviota, Tethis) and one standard cultivar Redgauntlet were included. As a result of the received data it is established that cultivars Tethis, Maya and Diamante were characterized by high resistance to Rhynchites germanicus. Elegance and Serenity were strongly attacked. Serenity, Gaviota, Tethis and Maya were resistant to Anthonomus rubi. The degree of damage caused by both insect pests greatly varies by year and by cultivar. The best strawberry cultivars were selected which can be successfully grown under the conditions of integrated and organic production of strawberries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was conducted in El Tahrir South Station, Ali Mubarak Farm, Horticulture Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center.,Cairo, Egypt at the winter seasons of 2012, 2013 and 2014. The main aim was to decide upon a morphological character in the juvenile stage of strawberry to be considered as a morphological marker; i.e., Breeding Program Selectable Marker (BPSM) - for expecting the production level in the breeding programs, instead of waiting for the whole growing season; to save time, money, land and labor efforts. Thirty eight characters were evaluated using eleven strawberry cultivars, to assess the important morphological differences among them. Results showed that there were some initial vegetative growth characters at the early stages of development in the nursery during the propagation of seedlings that might be relayed upon to determine the expected yield at an early stage, without delaying to the end of whole growing season. There were some clear and significant differences among all cultivars in most of the studied traits, which might make selection effective for such complicated character of total yield. Correlation results showed significant and desirable positive correlations between total yield and each nine of the morphological traits; i.e., leaf color of the upper side (0.35**), terminal leaflet length in relation to width (0.34**), number of stolons (0.04**), flower earliness (0.19*), corolla number (0.18*), flower position in relation to foliage (0.30**), flower diameter (0.24**), calyx size in relation to corolla (0.53**) and petals arrangements (0.29**). On the other hand, some significant negative correlations were detected between total yield and each of other nine traits. Significant differences and correlation among these traits suggests that, they could be taken into account when selecting for productivity improvement in strawberry breeding programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two field experiments were carried out to study the effects of three mulch treatments (black polyethylene, clear polyethylene in addition to a non-mulched control) under low tunnel system (with and without tunnel), on plant growth, flowering traits, fruit yield and quality of three strawberry cultivars (Fragaria & ananassa Duch); Festival, Sweet Charlie and Gaviota, grown in sandy soil under a drip irrigation system. The results indicated that the three tested strawberry cultivars which were mulched with clear or black polyethylene and tunneled exhibited significant increases in number of leaves, number of crown, leaf area, dry mass/plant, number of flower trusses / plant and it flowered earlier than the non-mulched and non- tunneled ones. Moreover, most yield potential characters i.e. early yield, total yield, yield/plant, marketable yield, culls yield and average fruit weight; were positively and significantly increased by the application of mulch (clear and black polyethylene mulch) and tunneled compared to non-mulched and non-tunneled ones. Furthermore, these treatments, significantly, enhanced most fruit quality characteristics; total soluble solids, total titratable acidity, ascorbic acid, and reducing, non-reducing and total sugars compared to the control. Both Festival and Sweet Charlie cultivars were exceeded Gaviota one, in this respect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increasing demand of strawberry ( Fragaria × ananassa Duch) fruits is associated mainly with their sensorial characteristics and the content of antioxidant compounds. Nevertheless, the strawberry production has been hampered due to its sensitivity to abiotic stresses. Therefore, to understand the molecular mechanisms highlighting stress response is of great importance to enable genetic engineering approaches aiming to improve strawberry tolerance. However, the study of expression of genes in strawberry requires the use of suitable reference genes. In the present study, seven traditional and novel candidate reference genes were evaluated for transcript normalization in fruits of ten strawberry cultivars and two abiotic stresses, using RefFinder, which integrates the four major currently available software programs: geNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper and the comparative delta-Ct method. The results indicate that the expression stability is dependent on the experimental conditions. The candidate reference gene DBP (DNA binding protein) was considered the most suitable to normalize expression data in samples of strawberry cultivars and under drought stress condition, and the candidate reference gene HISTH4 (histone H4) was the most stable under osmotic stresses and salt stress. The traditional genes GAPDH (glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase) and 18S (18S ribosomal RNA) were considered the most unstable genes in all conditions. The expression of phenylalanine ammonia lyase ( PAL ) and 9-cis epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase ( NCED1 ) genes were used to further confirm the validated candidate reference genes, showing that the use of an inappropriate reference gene may induce erroneous results. This study is the first survey on the stability of reference genes in strawberry cultivars and osmotic stresses and provides guidelines to obtain more accurate RT-qPCR results for future breeding efforts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Strawberry samples with enzyme activity and without enzyme activity (stannous chloride added) were measured for real-time formation of lipoxygenase (LOX) derived aroma compounds after 5 min pureeing using selected ion flow tube-mass spectrometry (SIFT-MS). The concentration of ( Z)-3-hexenal and ( E)-2-hexenal increased immediately after blending and gradually decreased over time, while hexanal concentration increased for at least 5 min in ground strawberries. The formation of hexanal was slower than the formation of ( Z)-3-hexenal and ( E)-2-hexenal in the headspace of pureed strawberries. The concentration of LOX aldehydes and esters significantly increased during refrigerated storage. Damaging strawberries increased the concentration of LOX aldehydes but did not significantly affect the concentration of esters. The concentrations of many of the esters were strongly correlated to their corresponded acids and/or aldehydes. The concentration of LOX-generated aldehydes decreased during ripening, while fruity esters increased. Different varieties had different aroma profiles and esters were the greatest percentage of the volatiles. The aroma release of some of the LOX-derived aldehydes in the mouthspace in whole strawberries compared to chopped strawberries showed that these volatiles are formed in the mouth during chewing. The persistence of LOX-derived compounds was higher than esters after swallowing. The mouthspace after and before swallowing persistence ratio of esters decreased as the chain length of the acid part of the ester compounds increased in whole strawberries. The storage studies showed that the concentrations of fruity and fresh volatiles increased during ripening and storage while damaging only increases the fresh volatiles. The nose, mouth, and headspace information can be used in the flavor industry to improve the formula of natural strawberry flavor by considering human perception during eating. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Fruit extracts of different strawberry cultivars were evaluated for their potential to contribute to the dietary management of hyperglycemia-linked to type 2 diabetes and related hypertension. In vitro inhibition of α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and angiotensin-1-converting enzyme (ACE) activity was evaluated using fruit extracts and correlated to phenolic content and antioxidant activity. There were significant differences between cultivars in both phenolic-linked antioxidant activity and inhibitory activity for the targeted disease relevant enzymes. Honeoye, Idea, and Jewel cultivars exhibited moderate α-amylase inhibition. Strawberry cultivars, in general, exhibited uniform α-glucosidase inhibition with Ovation having the highest inhibitory activity. Water extracts of Jewel and Ovation cultivars had moderate ACE inhibition compared to low inhibition observed in other cultivars. Strawberry cultivars with combined inhibitory potential against α-glucosidase and ACE and with moderate or low α-amylase inhibitory potential could be targeted for potential management of hyperglycemia-linked type 2 diabetes and related complication of hypertension. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Strawberries are one of the most popular edible fruits in Brazil and their consumption has increased with the development of new varieties available at almost all seasons. Fruit of seven full-ripened strawberry cultivars (Dover, Camp Dover, Camarosa, Sweet Charlie, Toyonoka, Oso Grande and Piedade) were characterized in relation to the total phenolics, vitamin C, flavonoids, free and total ellagic acid contents and antioxidant capacity. Camp Dover had the lowest values for anthocyanins and total phenolics but the highest total flavonoid content. Dover presented the highest anthocyanin, total phenolics and ellagic acid contents and also elevated antioxidant capacity. The best conditions for the determination of the total ellagic acid content in strawberries were also optimized and the results showed that the extraction with 80% acetone, and hydrolysis using 2N TFA at 120°C for 60min allowed a 99% recovery. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

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An untargeted GC-MS approach was performed to study the stability of the volatile fraction and taste of five different single-cultivar strawberry purees during pasteurization (95 °C/1 min) and accelerated storage (14 d at 35 °C). The PLS-DA results showed that the volatile fraction varied markedly among the cultivars in fresh purees; with Honeoye and Sengana exhibiting the most distinctive profiles with more than 8 discriminative markers. However, the differences among the five cultivars remained similar upon pasteurization and storage. Pasteurization generally resulted in changes on the volatile fraction, that could be cultivar dependent, and decrease in glucose and fructose. The contents of hexanal, alcohols and some esters decreased whereas acetate esters increased. During storage, losses of esters, alcohol terpenes, hexanal and the formation of off-flavors (e.g. dimethyl sulfide, α-terpineol and hydrocarbons) occurred for all cultivars, whereas sugar contents remained constant. Food manufactures should pay attention to an adequate raw material selection as the strawberry cultivar strongly influences the volatile fraction and taste of the resulting puree after pasteurization and during storage. • Strawberry cultivar affected the volatile profile of the resulting puree. • Pasteurization resulted in the loss of alcohols, hexanal, glucose and fructose. • Storage caused the formation of volatiles associated with off-flavors. • Decrease in volatiles with sweet, fresh odors occurred during storage. • Differences in the volatile fraction among the cultivars remained similar after storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]