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Homelessness is one of the most challenging social problems to solve, and it is the focus of interest not only for individual states and local governments but also for transnational institutions dealing with sustainable development. It affects diverse groups of people, has different causes and consequences, and therefore requires ideally compre- hensive and tailor-made interventions implemented by professionals. This article aims to identify the deficits of the homelessness policy in the Czech Republic and proposals for their solution through “the Framework of problematic areas of homelessness” created by us and to evaluate the comprehensiveness and adequacy of coverage of all potential problem areas of homelessness by these proposals. We assume that only comprehensive and indivi- dualised interventions towards homeless people will alleviate or completely resolve their problems and increase the likelihood of their reintegration into mainstream society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Standort: Zeitschrift für Angewandte Geographie is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Considering the current strategic and operational environment, it is obvious that conventional war in Europe became a reality again after a long time through the Russian aggression in February 2022. Robust air defence capabilities obviously play a key role in countering traditional as well as new emerging threats. This article serves as the starting point to discuss the national and international perspectives of the Hungarian ground-based air defence forces in a short series of publications, which intend to reflect this topic area from different perspectives. This part (1) examines the current strategic environment for Hungary – in general as well as from an air defence perspective – and explores first generic options for managing and further developing air defence capabilities in the near future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

States are security-seekers vis-a-vis 'significant others' who are cast as enemies in the international system. Usually, the study of the enemy image is connected with relative equilibrium concerning power capabilities. Less attention was given to a situation of a decisive power imbalance. Thus, a question arises whether such a situation will lead to a uniform enemy image? Concomitantly, what is the impact of the enemy image on security-related behaviour and policy preferences? To shed light on this problem, we analyse the strategic security documents of the Czech Republic and the Republic of Estonia to explore how they project the Russian Federation into their security discourses. By engaging the broader question of the discursive construction of the enemy in the national security documents, we seek to contribute to how vernacular perspectives feed into the regional dynamic of Central Eastern Europe understood either as an EU region or as NATO's Eastern Flank. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. The article discusses the problems of the system of strategic planning documents. Materials and Methods. Within the framework of this research, the author analyzed the indicated problems using formal-legal analysis, synthesis, generalization, and comparative-legal methods, which allowed developing possible ways to solve them. Analysis. The significance of the number of strategic acts regulated by law makes it difficult for strategic planning participants to understand the order and significance of actions performed within the framework of the planned process and the adoption of planned acts. The main goal-setting strategic document of the federal level in the field of socio-economic development has not been adopted. There is no correlation of goals and specific indicators in the planning acts of both one and different stages of planning. There are documents that are not regulated by the Law on Strategic Planning, but which, in turn, become the basis for the development of strategic documents on a downward vertical. The issues of defining uniform planning deadlines have not been settled. The absence of mechanisms for the implementation of planned acts and responsibilities has been revealed. Results. Based on the analysis, proposals are put forward to improve the legal regulation of strategic planning, which will allow to build an effective system of strategic documents and ensure high efficiency of planned activities.

Purpose – the purpose of the research is to examine possibilities of practical implementation of the guidelines provided in the publicly available strategic documents and initiatives to assess the current situation of an organization in the aspect of greenness. Research methodology – methods of analysis of the scientific literature, review of strategic documents, bibliometric analysis, and critical evaluation have been applied. Findings – the need to develop guidelines to assess the greenness of an organization in the scope of the entire organization was identified. Research limitations – the limited selection of documents for the analysis, because the search of strategic documents relevant to the analyzed topic performed among the publicly available sources in English. Further studies could incorporate an analysis of guidelines and good practices used in different countries presented in other languages. Practical implications – the results of the research can be used to justify the need to develop guidelines to assess greenness at the scope of the entire organization. Originality/Value – can be defined by examination guidelines provided in the strategic documents from the perspective of practical applicability in organizations.

Physical activity is one of the risk factors for chronic non-communicable diseases. Low physical activity accounts for 10-15% of total mortality and 3.5% of the burden of disease. For Bulgaria, these indicators account for 7.7% of deaths and 4.3% of the global burden of disease (DALYs), respectively. The aim of this review is to explore the level of physical activity at global, European and national level and the corresponding approaches to improve it. A documentary method is applied. More than a quarter of the world’s adult population (1.4 billion adults) is underactive. Levels of inactivity are twice as high in high-income countries compared to low-income countries. There has been no improvement in global levels of physical activity since 2001. Only 7% of Europeans exercise regularly, 14% do so infrequently. In our country, nearly two-thirds of the population over 20 and one in five children aged 10-19 are insufficiently physically active during leisure time. WHO has developing a number of documents aimed at promoting sport and physical activity in the population, in which the health system plays a leading role. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of technology and the Internet has made virtual space a place for the exchange of various information and data. In addition to benefits it provides to users, there are unwanted side effects, including digital violence. The main problem is the establishment of a legal framework for the fight against digital violence directed against individuals or groups, because there are no temporal or geographical boundaries in virtual space, which makes it difficult to define national jurisdictions, as well as a great number of types of this violence. The subject of the research in this paper is the prevention of gender-based digital violence due to the importance and impact it has on society, and also the fact that violence which begins as digital one often culminates in physical violence and leads to serious injuries or death of persons affected by it. Successful combating this type of violence requires the cooperation of various actors in order to show that violence against women and girls is not acceptable. The Council of Europe and the bodies of the European Union simultaneously fight against digital violence in Europe by adopting various documents that are mandatory for member states. The Republic of Serbia harmonises its legislation with European acts. The method of content analysis and historical method have been used in writing this paper, and the objective has been to answer the following question: which international documents prohibit digital violence and what mechanisms are available to state authorities to fight against it. It has been concluded that it is necessary to ensure the implementation of adopted documents and the cooperation of state authorities and bodies with companies that are the owners of the platforms and applications used for conducting violence, as well as the constant improvement of the services and officers who fight against this type of violence.

In increasingly complex geopolitical circumstances, defining state strategic commitments in an extremely dynamic international environment represents a great challenge, which is emphasized in the paper as a special problem, that is, the subject of the research which has been analysed on the basis of strategic documents. Bearing in mind the complexity of the subject of the research, the specifics of the content of the strategic documents in the field of security of the Republic of Serbia and the countries in the region have been considered, with the possibility of considering already stated and potentially new state strategic commitments on the basis of the key positions stated in their strategic documents. By implementing the method of content analysis, with a focus on the comparative analysis of strategic documents, the research results have confirmed the set research hypotheses. Taking into account cognitive limitations, the results of the comparative analysis and content analysis of the highest strategic documents in the field of security of the Republic of Serbia and the countries of the region have been presented. The paper has concluded that there are no major deviations in the content of the strategic documents of the Republic of Serbia in relation to the content of the strategic documents of the countries in the region, as well as that the views expressed in them are directly in the function of defining state strategic commitments.

Purpose - the purpose of the research is to examine possibilities of practical implementation of the guidelines provided in the publicly available strategic documents and initiatives to assess the current situation of an organization in the aspect of greenness. Research methodology - methods of analysis of the scientific literature, review of strategic documents, bibliometric analysis, and critical evaluation have been applied. Findings - the need to develop guidelines to assess the greenness of an organization in the scope of the entire organization was identified. Research limitations - the limited selection of documents for the analysis, because the search of strategic documents relevant to the analyzed topic performed among the publicly available sources in English. Further studies could incorporate an analysis of guidelines and good practices used in different countries presented in other languages. Practical implications - the results of the research can be used to justify the need to develop guidelines to assess greenness at the scope of the entire organization. Originality/Value - can be defined by examination guidelines provided in the strategic documents from the perspective of practical applicability in organizations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although the concept of the circular economy as a term was first mentioned in 2015, when the "Action Plan for the circular economy" was adopted at the European level, it is still not possible to speak of a sufficient knowledge base in this area. The Action Plan (COM (2015) 614) can be seen as an initial strategic document that sets out a concrete and ambitious roadmap for implementing the Sustainable Development Agenda 2030. However, the European Green Agreement cannot be left out in this context either (COM(2019) 640). It is seen as a new growth strategy to transform the EU into a fair and prosperous society with a modern, competitive, resource-efficient economy, with net greenhouse gas emissions expected to be zero by 2050 and economic growth independent of resource use. A new EU circular economy action plan - Towards a cleaner and more competitive Europe was also adopted in 2020 (COM(2020) 98). The main priority areas are measures focusing on the value chains of key products electronics and ICT (information and communication technologies), batteries and vehicles, plastics, textiles, packaging, construction and buildings, food, water and nutrients measures covering all links in the value chain from production to consumption, repair and refurbishment, waste management up to the return of raw materials back to the economy and their use in the production cycle in the form of secondary raw materials. The transition to a circular economy also includes a revision of the European waste directives: on waste, on packaging and packaging waste, on landfills, on batteries and accumulators and used batteries and accumulators, and on waste electrical and electronic equipment. In order for all of this to be possible, it is necessary to know the amount of waste produced by individual sectors, which is also dealt with in our article. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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OBJECTIVES: The aim of this article is to present the document analysis method and its application to social work research as a complementary data analysis technique and the procedures of this technique on the specific example of document analysis of the implementation of active ageing policy as a partial research output. THEORETICAL BASE: Active ageing is the basis for the current social policy on ageing in Europe, along with a number of changes that are reflected in social policy, and also in the practise of social workers. METHODS: We combined content analysis and deductive qualitative analysis (DQA) according to Gilgun (2020) as a complementary research technique. We analyse the overarching strategic documents at the level of the EU and the Czech Republic dedicated to active ageing policies. OUTCOMES: The analysis showed that the role of social work is rather implicitly defined in documents. Then we continue to deepen the analysis, and the results showed an essential connection to social work practice. SOCIAL WORK IMPLICATIONS: Based on the results, we can say that the role of social workers is irreplaceable, though it is not clear. It is then necessary to overcome this at a local level, i.e., at the level of regions and municipalities, which should specify the role of various stakeholders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article is devoted to the analysis of institutionalization features of strategic planning of economic policy, particularly Ukrainian foreign economic policy, identifying problems in this direction and forming proposals for their decision. Using the comparative method, the experience of strategic planning of Swiss foreign economic policy, as a country that undoubtedly deserves the status of one of the world's leading economic centers, and Ukraine is analyzed and compared. It is proved that the lack of institutionalization of strategic planning in Ukraine leads to a breach of consistency and coherence in the implementation by state authorities as economic policy in general, and its separate directions, in particular the foreign economic policy. Based on the Swiss experience, the expediency of using the cascade model in the process of strategic planning for the implementation of state foreign policy, as well as of Ukrainian legal regulation modernization by strengthening the legal mechanisms of adoption of strategic documents is argued. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The article notes that in the period of preparation for the chairmanship of the Arctic Council (2021–2023), in order to further develop the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation, new strategic documents, a package of benefits and preferences for business development were prepared and approved, measures were taken for the sustainable development of indigenous peoples, and to increase the role of science in Arctic research. The author draws attention to some unsolved problems of socio-economic development of the Arctic region (outflow of the population, especially young people; shortcomings of the organization of the shift method of work and centralized coordination and control of state orders and supplies to the population of hard-to-reach Arctic regions; violation of environmental requirements). It is emphasized that Russia assumes the post of chairman of the Arctic Council at a difficult time: the coronavirus pandemic, political tensions in relations with the West, including on issues of management and security of the Arctic, economic sanctions from the Arctic states, which creates certain difficulties in the activities in the Arctic direction. The author concludes that the developed program, the plan of main events, the activity of ministries and departments in the next 2 years will allow us to successfully cope with the chairmanship, show our foreign colleagues all the best that is available in the Russian Far North, and contribute to the strengthening of the Arctic Council.

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Copyright of Croatian & Comparative Public Administration is the property of Institut za Javnu Upravu and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The concept of Grand Strategy is a term agreed to be aimed at achieving a fundamental goal of a state entity, but its content and the form in which it is presented differ according to various variables. The first part of the study attempts to clarify our understanding of the concept in this paper. However, regardless of the way in which this strategy is formalized, the source through which the Grand Strategy is identified, its main elements consist of the general objective, the available resources and the methods of implementation. It can be admitted that the existence of a Grand Strategy is not conditioned by the power or size of the state in question, but it can be demonstrated that small states, in order to ensure their survival and growth, are forced to obtain the protection of great powers, subordinating their own strategies to those of the states that protect them. A few examples of simplified strategies will complete the present paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Defence strategies of smaller NATO states represent interesting source of information about defence policies of this pool of countries. Definition of what constitutes "small state" is discussed in first step. In second step, this study compares 10 selected NATO countries Defence Strategies in terms of identified risks and threats, future military capabilities to counter threats, processes of drafting defence papers, level of details and approving authorities. Outlining these indicators and characteristics provide useful overview for future draft of National defence strategies within countries of similar size.

Given that the goals and actions of the US, directly and indirectly, affect Iran's interests, it is necessary to review the strategic documents and understand the perceptions of this actor. Therefore, the research question is, how is the content of the strategic documents of the US? The nature of this descriptive-analytical research is from type a qualitative case study and the method of qualitative content analysis has been used to investigate the subject. The statistical population of this project is the recent strategic documents of the US. To investigate this issue, an attempt has been made to extract basic concepts from the existing literature and strategic documents. The five main categories used in this study include “Strategic Perspective”, “Interests and Objectives”, “Threats”, “Tools” and “Methods of Action”, and the number of sub-categories 14 and sub-categories of level two 58 is the case. Findings from a review of US strategic documents show that this actor sees the world as highly competitive. The US focus is on “improving diplomatic capabilities and role-playing by emphasizing the sharing the burden of responsibility” and “improving military capability and military cooperation” in threats of “military- below-conventional threat and non-military- violent and non-violent threat” in tools to “military and diplomatic tools, ” and in how to use the tools, is in the approach to “preparation and Induce” and in methods of action “unilateralism or false multilateralism”. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Achieving significant advances in the field of technologies, like information and communication technology, is one of the issues that has been emphasized on in strategic documents, especially the documents of the vision of the Islamic Republic of Iran in 1404. Comprehensive categorizing of the strategic issues of information technology in the national and international scale is a procedure that can provide decision-makers and policy-makers a suitable view. On the one hand, this kind of information representation causes a better definition and understanding in this area, and on the other hand, gives the policy-makers a general picture on the subject being studied. The purpose of this research is to achieve conceptual framework of the strategic issues according to strategic documentation published by countries. For this, 11‌4 strategic documents of information technology have been organized and analyzed by employing analyzing qualitative content method and inductive approach. The findings of this research encompasses more than 900 IT strategic issues that are in 16 main categories: e-commerce, e-organization, e-government, e-health, e-learning, other practical areas, cyberspace, information and digital content, human resources, ICT industry, information and knowledge society, infrastructure, laws, rules, procedures, information and communication technology reform, research and development and telecommunications. This article results in a comprehensive and overall look in the field of IT strategies.

Adequate accommodation infrastucture is on of the basic conditions for sustainable tourism development. In order to improve accommodation infrastructure, particular addressing the problem of a large share of private accommodation in total infrastucture, it is proposed to transform these capacities indo condo model, diffused and integral hotels. Another major problem in tourism development in Montenegro is not an adequate structure of emissive markets, more precisely dominance of 2 markets. In order to improve emissive market infracture it is necessary to focus primarly on West European and Scandinavian market. Improving the situation of the mentioned problems would significaly affect the sustainable development of tourism in Montenegro.

The Tourism Development Strategy of Wielkopolska Province for 2020 year has a prosocial orientation and is geared towards the development of Wielkopolska, increasing the attractiveness of its tourism, and thus improving the quality of life of its inhabitants and increasing the quality of services. The implementation of the provisions included in this document will have a positive impact on the protection of the natural and cultural environment and the landscape. The document indicates directions of changes which can be expected as a result of implementing the Strategy and proposes ways to minimize and compensate for the negative impacts associated with the implementation of the strategy. The directions of intervention outlined in this document, which were assessed as environmentally sound in their individual components, should be treated as comprehensive measures of preventing or reducing risks and negative environmental impacts. On the other hand, the promotion of investment plans concerning the leisure infrastructure and the accompanying transportation and technical infrastructure were assessed as either hardly beneficial or even unfavorable to the environment. An improvement of the natural environment is an important prerequisite of the development of various forms of tourism. The unfavorable state of the environment is often a barrier to the tourist use of a given asset. The Tourism Development Strategy is not a scientific document and is accessible to anyone interested, which is its great advantage.

This article presents an analysis of the quality of the 13 strategic documents in the field of development of the financial sector of the Russian Federation and its branches, developed and adopted during 2001-2016. As the quality criteria have been used 5 principles of strategic planning, enshrined in the Federal Law «On the strategic planning» and 4 factors in the successful programs of reform of the financial sector in the countries - competitors of Russia in the global financial markets. Based on the analysis conclusions were drawn about the poor quality of the processes of strategic planning of the financial sector in the Russian Federation, given the cause-and-effect relationship between the disparity to different criteria (failure to realistic objectives as a whole because of the lack of responsibility), were made on the bottom of the analysis revealed other common disadvantages of strategic documents in this area.

The article proves the necessity of singling out the strategy as an independent field of economic knowledge in the professional sphere of activity. In Russia, there is practically no fullfledged perception of the “strategist” profession, although in the world’s leading universities, the approach to strategy as an independent profession that can be learned is widely implemented. In modern Russian realities, economic agents of all levels present strategic documents in one form or another, but they are developed, as a rule, by people who do not have special knowledge and skills of theory and practice of strategic planning. Created in 2007 in the Moscow School of Economics, Moscow State University. M.V. Lomonosov Department of Financial Strategy is the only one in Russia that prepare such a professionals. For 10 years the department has been carrying out comprehensive training of specialists in the field of theory of strategy and practice of strategic planning, according to the methodology of Professor V.L. Quint. The essence of this methodology and the development processes of this specialty in Russia

The dynamic of regional and global changes implies the existence of strategies that allow the streamlining of the activity of defence and security structures. Depending on the risks, vulnerabilities and threats that must be approached militarily or non-militarily, the medium and small states have drafted strategic documents, taking into account the internal and external dimension of security. Their security depends on a great extent on external factors, the turbulences from the international system posing a serious challenge for a small state. If small and medium states are placed in the vicinity of a great revisionist, undemocratic power, its security can be achieved only by creative strategies. The emphasis is therefore laid on the existence of flexible and powerful military capabilities, necessary to identify and counter the threats and on membership of alliances/coalitions of alliances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on knowledge regimes within the normative discourse of the reform of Czech educational curricula. Engaging with the relational ontology of 'third-wave sociology of education', the article presents a qualitative analysis of strategic documents that sheds light on the divergent systems of reasons for particular educational changes. The research traced legitimising (justifying and criticising) strategies in authorised documents (governmental organisations) and non-authorised (NGOs and transnational organisations) in the 2010-2017 period. These findings point to the existence of several significantly divergent knowledge 'micro-regimes' that produce various contradictions and tensions on the level of regimes, documents, and the meaning of 'competent' actors. The research tracked the different relationships between managerial, expert, revisionist, revising, and adaptation regimes. It demonstrated that contemporary Czech attempts to reach a consensus over the goals of education across society are paralysed by a number of contradictory legitimisations rather than one hegemonic discourse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract. The paper focuses on the research of the establishment and development of flagship universities of the regional economy in the Russian Federation. The paper analyses the practice of establishment flagship universities on the initiative of the government of Russia using the program-target method. The paper deals with imperfection of the modern methods of determination of the purposes of flagship universities activities of the regional economy. The paper considers features of universities activity which focus on solving problems of the development of the regional economy; features of flagship universities activity of the regional economy in the context of the “Strategy for Scientific and Technological Development of the Russian Federation”. The paper attempts to determine the status and goals of establishing flagship universities, to organize the planning of their activities, to structure and interact with other actors in the region. The authors mark out the following main functions the flagship universities perform: to prepare and to realize a wide range of educational programs for perspective economic system of the region; to do a wide range of initiative research in the sphere of regional development, using spatial resources of the region, environmental protection, development regional and local societies which transform into subsequent actions and decisions of regional and local authorities; together with regional authorities to create technological platforms which ensure the transformation of the results of educational and research activities into real innovative businesses in the process of experimental modeling of relevant business processes. The paper discusses the network interaction of technical, pedagogical and medical universities in order to accelerate the integrated innovative development of regions.

Green public procurement is one of the key instruments in the EU's efforts to become a more resource-efficient economy and to achieve objectives of ensuring smart, sustainable and inclusive growth. In the Slovak Republic, the green public procurement is strongly supported at national level by public procurement legislation, by several strategic documents approved by the Government of the Slovak Republic as well as by the program declaration of the Government of the Slovak Republic. The objective of this paper is to provide an insight on the theoretical definition of green public procurement, its enshrinement in the European Union and the Slovak Republic legislation as well as in strategic documents and also to provide an insight of the usage of this instrument in practice at the level of central government authorities, selfgovernment regions and municipalities in the Slovak Republic in the context of fulfilment of the goals set in the strategic documents in Slovak Republic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Achieving significant advances in the field of technologies, like information and communication technology, is one of the issues that has been emphasized on in strategic documents, especially the documents of the vision of the Islamic Republic of Iran in 1404. Comprehensive categorizing of the strategic issues of information technology in the national and international scale is a procedure that can provide decisionmakers and policy-makers a suitable view. On the one hand, this kind of information representation causes a better definition and understanding in this area, and on the other hand, gives the policy-makers a general picture on the subject being studied. The purpose of this research is to achieve conceptual framework of the strategic issues according to strategic documentation published by countries. For this, 11 4 strategic documents of information technology have been organized and analyzed by employing analyzing qualitative content method and inductive approach. The findings of this research encompasses more than 900 IT strategic issues that are in 16 main categories: e-commerce, e-organization, e-government, e-health, e-learning, other practical areas, cyberspace, information and digital content, human resources, ICT industry, information and knowledge society, infrastructure, laws, rules, procedures, information and communication technology reform, research and development and telecommunications. This article results in a comprehensive and overall look in the field of IT strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Military Science Review / Hadtudományi Szemle is the property of National University of Public Service and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this article, hybrid warfare challenges and their impact on the evolution of warfare in the new dynamic security environment are analysed. The aim of the research was to identify hybrid threats, explore the complexity of the hybrid conflict that involves professional Armed Forces and irregular (paramilitary) forces. The research has been conducted through two case studies of hybrid warfare: the Israeli - Lebanese conflict in 2006 and the Lebanese militia organisation Hezbollah as a prototype of hybrid opponents; and the contemporary hybrid conflict in Ukraine through the Russian paradigm of hybrid warfare. The conducted research showed that the decisive role that influenced the outcome of the conflict belonged either to rapidness or inertia in of the making of political decisions. The research results showed further that revision of the existing strategic and doctrinal documents are required, as well as reorganisation of the national security system (and the Armed Forces as part of it), without which they will not be able to deal successfully with the dynamic nature of future conflict and complexity of threats (“synergy of threats”). The political decision is the most essential parameter for sizing military organisation. The rapidity of response in the event of emergencies (especially outside the national territory) also depends on the promptness of political decisions in order to activate the Armed Forces.

This article aims to reflect a digression into the history of selected strategic documents, which processed the Ministry of Defence or was in the processing involved - in connection to the planning of acquisitions. The ambition of the article is not a comprehensive evaluation process, but only the selected aspects. After many years of decreasing Czech defence budget, is here the opposite situation. In connection with the new situation it is necessary to rethink the current approach to this topic; to ensure maximal security of the Czech Republic and in a figurative sense NATO and the European Union also. The fact, that the Czech strategy document was among the best in the EU, does not mean that defence spending is automatically efficient.

Research background: The European Union has laid the foundations of European bioeconomy by publishing Innovating for Sustainable Growth: A Bioeconomy for Europe in 2012 and A sustainable bioeconomy for Europe: strengthening the connection between economy, society and the environment in 2018. These publications have inspired individual countries to develop their national bioeconomy strategy. Purpose of the article: The lack of engagement in the area of bioeconomy appears to be a problem, as individual national strategies differ vastly amongst the countries. For successful bioeconomy development, there is a need to identify and address the differences in these strategies. That is why, we aim our attention at comparing European and Slovak bioeconomy legislative and at analysing to what extent have Slovak legislative implemented aspects of the European legislative. Methods: The methodology of this study relies on document analysis of officially adopted policy strategies and roadmaps in the EU and Slovak Republic. The paper aims at defining the concept of bioeconomy, its relevance for the society and identifying the differences in European and Slovak strategic documents. Findings & Value added: Since Slovakia is a part of EU, it largely transmits the key areas of EU strategies to its own national strategy. Nevertheless, while comparing strategic documents on the two levels, disparities can be find resulting from specific prerequisites, economic situation and other circumstances. The main difference being the extend to what bioeconomy is addressed. While EU places a great importance to this concept, Slovakia does not aim as much attention to it.

To the 250th Anniversary of the Free Economic Society of Russia. Contribution of Scientists-Economists of Volgograd State University to the Development of the Volgograd Region

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