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This paper aimed to identify the main aspects and influencing factors in the design of hybrid systems for powering base transceiver stations based on solar resources, with the goal of optimizing both the design and the initial investment costs for these systems. For this purpose, a hybrid solar-Diesel system with battery storage was designed for a low-power transceiver station, located in an area with a well-defined solar resource. Both the main design stages and the influencing factors on the design and, implicitly, the costs were identified, with the study's conclusions highlighted at the end.

This paper aimed to identify the main aspects and influencing factors in the design of hybrid systems for powering base transceiver stations based on solar resources, with the goal of optimizing both the design and the initial investment costs for these systems. For this purpose, a hybrid solar-Diesel system with battery storage was designed for a low-power transceiver station, located in an area with a welldefined solar resource. Both the main design stages and the influencing factors on the design and, implicitly, the costs were identified, with the study's conclusions highlighted at the end. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractThe present study aimed to evaluate the effects of rosemary (REO) and basil (BEO) essential oils (EO) on minced raw meat samples. The meat samples were subsequently treated with various concentrations: 0.5%, 1.0%, and 1.5% (v/w) of rosemary (MR0.5, MR1.0, and MR1.5) and basil (MB0.5, MB1.0, and MB1.5) EO, respectively, as well as meat sample without EO treatment was used as a control. Afterward, the samples were stored at 4 °C and monitored for pH, Hunter CIEL*a*b* color and bacterial counts at 0, 7, 14, and 21 days. Results indicated that EO treatment offered a lower pH, particularly for BEO treatment as compared to the control. Samples treated with BEO presented the higher CIEL*a*b* (lightness, redness and yellowness) values followed by REO treatments as compared to the control during the entire storage periods. The addition of both EO to minced meat resulted in a significant (p

Meat is one of the susceptible commodities being spoiled even stored under refrigeration conditions. It is a challenging task to accurately estimate the storage life of chilled chicken meat to avoid economical losses and provide the basis for standard regulations assessing meat storage life. For analyzing the storage life of chilled chicken meat rapidly, the samples were analyzed on Day 0, 3, 5, 7 and Day 10 using near infra-red spectroscopy approach combined with chemometrics tool of data driven soft independent modeling of class analogy. The meat samples from day 0 were selected as target class and checked against other day samples. All the samples were accepted for training data set with 4 PCs while for test data set the constructed model accepted 100% samples and 100% rejection for other day samples. Three PCs were depicted for target class 3 and model accepted all the training samples, while for test set samples, the rejection ratio for Day 0, 3, 5, 7 and 10 was 100%, 0%, 100%, 100% and 100%. On the 5th day of storage the results were obtained with 4 PCs. The model accepted all the samples (100%) in training data set and for test samples rejection rate was 100%, 100%, 0%, 80% and 100% for Day 0, 3, 5, 7 and 10. Samples analyzed on 7th day of storage and 2 PCs showed good results. However, the model accepted all the training data samples and for test samples the rejection percentage for the Day 0, 3, 5, 7 and Day 10 was 80%, 100%, 90%, 0% and 100%. The samples analyzed on 10th day of storage were chosen as target class and results were best obtained by 3 PCs. Model accepted all the samples in training data set and for test data set the rejection percentage was 100%, 100%, 80%, 90%, and 0% for Day 0, 3, 5, 7 and Day 10 respectively. This study recognized NIR combined with chemometrics successfully discriminated the samples based on their storage days being practical tool for meat industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Roof material, storage container and retention time are important considerations when designing a rainwater catchment system for present or future usage. This is because they affect the quality of the harvested rainwater which invariably affects the usage as potable or non- potable. In this study, two roof materials (galvanized steel and aluminium coated) was used as catchment surfaces for rainwater harvesting and stored in three different storage containers (clay, plastic and metal) for four weeks in the first instant in order to ascertain their quality against the Nigerian standard for Drinking Water Quality (NSDQW) and World Health Organization (WHO). Triplicate rainwater samples were collected and analysed for selected physicochemical, heavy metal and bacteriological parameters. Results obtained revealed that most of the physicochemical and selected heavy metal parameters of the analysed harvested rainwater were within the selected standards while the bacteriological parameters were above the permissible limits. Based on the results obtained it can be drawn that aluminium roofing coverage gave better result for harvesting rainwater compared to galvanized steel roof catchment. Among the various water storage containers used, plastic storage best preserves rainwater quality relatively. Harvested and stored rainwater does not meet the requirements for potable use. Harvested rainwater should be treated appropriately upon storage for any potable use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A combined approach based on a multisensor system to get additional chemical information from liquid samples through the analysis of the solution and its headspace is illustrated and commented. In the present work, innovative analytical techniques, such as a hybrid e-nose and a voltammetric e-tongue were elaborated to differentiate between different pasteurized milk brands and for the exact recognition of their storage days through the data fusion technique of the combined system. The Principal Component Analysis (PCA) has shown an acceptable discrimination of the pasteurized milk brands on the first day of storage, when the two instruments were used independently. Contrariwise, PCA indicated that no clear storage day's discrimination can be drawn when the two instruments are applied separately. Mid-level of abstraction data fusion approach has demonstrated that results obtained by the data fusion approach outperformed the classification results of the e-nose and e-tongue taken individually. Furthermore, the Support Vector Machine (SVM) supervised method was applied to the new subset and confirmed that all storage days were correctly identified. This study can be generalized to several beverage and food products where their quality is based on the perception of odor and flavor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To evaluate the impact of collection procedure on the in vitro quality of red blood cells (RBC), we studied 30 units of apheresis-prepared RBC (ARBC) and 30 units of manually collected RBC (MRBC). We performed assays on day 1 and day 21 of the study, evaluating red cell mass volume (RCM); rate of hemolysis; pH, and levels of sodium, potassium, adenosine triphosphate (ATP), 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG) and glucose. Eight patients with aplastic anemia received RBC transfusions of both components and their post-transfusion hematocrit (HCT) levels were compared. On day 21, we observed a significant drop of sodium and glucose levels in the ARBC group, compared with the MRBC group (P <.05). ARBC group demonstrated higher RCM that provided significantly higher HCT values to our group of anemic patients (P <.05). Hemolysis was significantly lower in the ARBC group, compared with the MRBC group (P <.05). At day 21, both groups had no detectable 2,3-DPG. Specimens from both groups retained ATP in sufficiently healthy amounts. The ARBC group demonstrated higher RCM and lower hemolysis levels compared with the MRBC group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study evaluates the quality of chilled squid Loligo vulgaris by non-destructive measurements of bioelectrical impedance from the first post-mortem day under controlled conditions. Squid samples were stored at 4.5 °C and 55% of relative humidity for 11 days. Impedance magnitude (|Z|) and phase (φ) at 200 frequencies (100Hz to 100MHz) were measured using an Agilent 4294A Precision Impedance Analyzer with needle-type multi-electrode array on days 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8, 9, 10, and 11 of storage. The changes in color, sensory properties, total volatile nitrogen, pH, and water holding capacity were also determined. The obtained results indicated that the samples could be classified into five to six distinctive groups by measuring the electrical parameters at frequencies close to 5MHz. In general, φ is less dependent on temperature and measurement setup than |Z|, while records at 5MHz correlate well with the days of storage (R2 = 0.968). The data imply that it is only possible to estimate the length of storage for the samples with measurements of phase angle, which can be useful for the development of new analytical instruments. Biosensors have a practical industrial application, as it is demonstrated that bioelectrical impedance data correlates well with the days of chilled storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]