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Deterioration of ancient masonry is a contemporary problem. The initial properties of the masonry material that determine its durability, deterioration and degree of preservation have led to the appearance of different approaches towards choosing the technology for restoring masonry. The success of any restoration is largely determined by its compatibility with the original materials used, which requires, as a rule, a complex and long process of selecting their composition. One of the main technological approaches in the science of restoration materials is to search for the optimal composition of the material within a given time limit. This paper presents an approach which uses a large number of variables within strict boundary conditions. The solution to this problem can be found in the field of mathematical modelling using experiment planning methods. The paper presents a method developed for mortar optimization which makes it possible to obtain the desired result within a relatively short period of time.

[EN] The monastery of Sant Cugat del Vallès is an old Benedictine abbey built between the 11th and 14th centuries, on the remains of a Roman fortification dating from the 5th century AD. The monastery church dedicated to Sant Pere d'Octavià is an element of particular interest. Its construction began in the 12th century and was completed in the mid-14th century, which explains the diversity of its architectural forms, its construction began in Romanesque language and was completed in Gothic language. This dissertation addresses the previous studies, the intervention proposal and evaluates the restoration works performed on the church¿s Southern facade. This element offers a framework for the analysis of the technical problems that must be overcome when performing works on epithelial surfaces. These are, perhaps, the most difficult surfaces for architects to control due to the difficulty of accurately evaluating the area of intervention beforehand., [ES] El monasterio de San Cugat del Vallès es una antigua abadía benedictina construida entre los siglos XI y XIV, sobre los restos de una fortificación romana del siglo V dC. Tiene particular interés la iglesia del monasterio dedicada a Sant Pere d’Octavià, iniciada en el siglo XII y finalizada a mediados d el s iglo X IV, h echo q ue e xplica la diversidad de sus formas arquitectónicas, comenzadas en lenguaje románico y concluidas en lenguaje gótico. Esta investigación aborda los estudios previos, la propuesta de intervención y la evaluación crítica de los trabajos de restauración acometidos en la fachada sur de la iglesia. Dicho elemento ofrece un marco para el análisis de los problemas técnicos que se deben salvar cuando se actúa sobre superficies epiteliales; estas son, quizás, las más difíciles de controlar por parte de los proyectistas, por la dificultad de evaluar previamente y con el debido detalle el área de intervención., [CA] El monestir de Sant Cugat del Vallès és una antiga abadia benedictina construïda entre els segles XI i XIV, sobre les restes d'una fortificació romana del segle V d. C. Té particular interès l'església del monestir dedicada a Sant Pere d’Octavià, iniciada al segle XII i finalitzada a mitjans del segle XIV, fet que explica la diversitat de les seves formes arquitectòniques, començades en llenguatge romànic i concloses en llenguatge gòtic. Aquesta investigació borda els estudis previs, la proposta d'intervenció i l'avaluació crítica dels treballs de restauració escomesos en la façana sud de l'església. Aquest element ofereix un marc per a l'anàlisi dels problemes tècnics que s'han d'afrontar quan s'actua sobre superfícies epitelials; aquestes són, potser, les més difícils de controlar per part dels projectistes per la dificultat d'avaluar prèviament i amb el degut detall l'àrea d'intervenció.

Various types of granite and marble used for the construction and decoration of Diocletian’s palace and of its central square – the Peristyle – were imported from distant regions of the Empire, mostly from Egypt and Asia Minor. Apart from that, local limestone of the highest quality, quarried mostly on the neighbouring island of Brac, was used for building the monumental parts of the Palace. Organized by the City of Split and executed by the Croatian Conservation Institute, the restoration of the Peristyle constituted one of the most important conservation and restoration operations carried out in Croatia. Started in 2003 as a stone cleaning operation, it developed into a ten-year long, complex restoration project including archaeological, geophysical and geo-mechanical research, consolidation of foundations and upper structures, cleaning and conservation of stone, plaster and other materials, lighting and presentation of this multi-layered monument.

The arrival of water to Teruel was a tedious job because of the numerous unevenness that the land presented. From 1537 onwards, numerous hydraulic works were built in order to bring water to the city. This paperwork focuses on the study of this distribution and in particular, the so-called ¿Fuente de la Casa del Dean¿. This source is attributed to the architect Pierres Vedel at the end of the 16th century for this purpose of supply. It¿s composed of stone blocks, a triangular pediment with the shield of Teruel and two pipes, it¿s the only one still preserved from those of his time. It underwent a transfer in 1971, of which some bocks conserved, the shield of Teruel and the pile. It was placed in the square of the cathedral attached to the Dean¿s House in substitution to the source of Santa Maria. The source is in a deplorable state, it presents numerous physical-mechanical deteriorations, biological attack, contamination stains and other pathologies corresponding to an inadequate maintenance that will be object of study. The realization of a proposal for intervention will serve as a project for a possible restoration promoting the dissemination of this cultural asset as the only preserved trace of a relevant event in the history of this locality., La llegada de aguas a Teruel supuso un trabajo tedioso a causa de los numerosos desniveles en el terreno. A partir de 1537 se construyeron numerosas obras hidráulicas para conducir el agua a la ciudad. Este trabajo se centra en el estudio de dicha distribución y en especial, de la llamada fuente de la Casa del Deán. Esta fuente se atribuye al arquitecto Pierres Vedel, realizada a finales del siglo XVI con el fin de abastecer el agua a la ciudad. Compuesta por sillares de piedra, un frontón triangular con el escudo de Teruel y dos caños, es la única que aún se conserva de las de su época. Sufrió un traslado en 1971, del que se conservaron algunos sillares, el escudo de Teruel y la pila. Fue situada en la plaza de la catedral adosada a la Casa del Deán en sustitución de la fuente de Santa María. La fuente se encuentra en estado lamentable, presenta numerosos deterioros físico-mecánicos, ataque biológico, manchas propias de la contaminación y otras patologías correspondientes a un inadecuado mantenimiento que serán objeto de estudio. La realización de una propuesta de intervención servirá de proyecto para una posible restauración promoviendo la difusión de este bien cultural como única huella conservada de un acontecimiento relevante en la historia de esta localidad.

Crkva sv. Ivana kao srednjovjekovna građevina gradi se u istoimenoj uvali na sjevernoj strani otoka Hvara, a u dokumentima se prvi put spominje 1463. godine. Uvala, koja se ispočetka koristi kao luka naselja Pitve, razvit će se u naselje Jelsu, zahvaljujući prije svega ribarstvu i brodarstvu. Nakon prestanka osmanske opasnosti, kad naselje ponovno doživljava prosperitet, rekonstruira se dotrajala crkva kao jedinstveno arhitektonsko-urbanističko rješenje na prostoru već formiranog Trga sv. Ivana. Barokna crkva nastaje sredinom 18. stoljeća, kad se potpuno uređuje i njezin interijer te se oprema umjetninama. Posebna vrijednost crkve je vremenska i stilska ujednačenost arhitektonskog oblikovanja, interijera i sakralne opreme, što je prepoznato u postupku obnove, pa je on vođen prema rehabilitaciji svih spomeničkih vrijednosti kao skladne cjeline. Obnovu obilježava suradnja svih stručnjaka specijalista koji su zajedničkim radom pridonijeli uspješnoj rehabilitaciji sakralne građevine kao jedinstvenog baroknog zahvata., The church of St. John was erected in the Middle Ages in the eponymous bay on the north coast of the island of Hvar. Earliest surviving records mentioning the church date from 1463. In the bay, which initially served as a port for the nearby village of Pitve, the town of Jelsa would later grow, having owed its development primarily to fshing and shipbuilding. As the Ottoman raids subsided, the town experienced a renewed prosperity, and the decaying church was reconstructed, as a singular architectural and urban project in the already-formed St. John’s Square. The Baroque church originated in the mid-18th century, when its interior was completed and furnished with artworks. The church has the characteristic layout of an elongated octagon; the façades are decorated with Baroque stone sculpture, while the main axis is made prominent by the portal, rose window and bell cote. In the interior, the vault is supported by transverse arches resting on pilasters, while the sanctuary is accentuated with a triumphal arch and a stone chancel screen. The walls are painted in imitation of stone, while the vault in the zones of the transverse arches is highlighted with painted bordures, which on the sanctuary vault carry floral painted motifs. The masonry altar is furnished with a wooden chancel screen, and on the altar an altarpiece is enclosed within the wooden screen. The screen, on which three paintings have survived, is presented in the last floral painting, whose motif matches the original and was designed to resonate with the bordures painted on the walls. In the course of conservation, particular attention was paid to the altarpiece of St. John the Baptist, which had undergone a ‘restoration’ decades earlier. The painting was once attributed to Italian painter and priest Giovanni Battista Tosolini. However, during the recent conservation efforts, once the unprofessionally executed overpaints were removed, we uncovered the signature of an unknown author that disproves the earlier attribution. The church has particular value in the chronological and stylistic unity of its architectural design, interior and liturgical furnishings. This was acknowledged in the process of renovation, which was aimed towards a rehabilitation of all heritage values into a harmonized ensemble. The concept guiding the conservation of movable furnishings was to unify them with the church space. Candlesticks and bases for palmettes found their place in the church, while the benches that were renovated by local carpenters were returned to use. The chancel screen, as a frame enclosing the altarpiece, was made to match the ceiling painting. The renovation of the church of St. John was completed in 2015, and the conservation work was presented with the exhibition “Renovation of St. John’s Church” in the Kravata Gallery, Jelsa Municipal Museum. We especially wish to emphasise the coordinated efforts of all experts and specialists whose collaboration contributed to the successful rehabilitation of this church building, one compelling example of a Baroque Gesamtkunstwerk.

[EN] This college, founded by Cardinal Cisneros in 1498, is the heart of the University of Alcalá. Its façade is a National Monument since 1914. Restorations undertaken in the twentieth century allowed to preserve it, but the deterioration of some materials used in them, produced 75 years later, the release of stone fragments with risk of accident and irrecoverable losses in their valuable carvings and historical patinas. Last restoration (2016-2017) has analyzed the materials and techniques with which it was built and with which it was restored in the historical intervention of the early twentieth century. From this, the façade has been restored again, to guarantee the conservation of its different types of stone and patinas that, while still preserved in some protected areas, improve the understanding of the character of this fundamental work of Spaniard Plateresque architecture., [ES] Este colegio, fundado por el cardenal Cisneros en 1498 es el corazón de la Universidad de Alcalá. Su fachada es Monumento Nacional desde 1914. Las restauraciones del siglo XX permitieron conservarla, pero el deterioro de algunos materiales empleados en ellas, provocó 75 años después el desprendimiento de fragmentos de piedra con riesgo de accidente y de pérdidas irrecuperables en sus valiosas tallas y pátinas históricas. La última restauración (2016-2017) ha analizado los materiales y las técnicas con los que se edificó y restauró en la intervención histórica de principios del siglo XX. Desde entonces, se ha intervenido sobre ella para garantizar la conservación de sus diferentes tipos de piedra y de las pátinas preservadas en las zonas más resguardadas que, una vez recuperadas, ayudan a comprender mejor el carácter original de esta obra fundamental de la arquitectura plateresca española.

Brown staining on both pristine and painted sandstone surfaces is a regular problem reported from new building construction and restoration actions. During the recent restoration of the Groser Wendelstein, an impressive airy stone staircase in the castle Hartenfels in Torgau, Germany, extensive brown staining appeared in distinctive places. Due to the fact that such an incidence occurred while desalination with poultice compresses the usually extreme rare chance of sampling was possible and executed. Several chemical tests combined with Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and Infrared (IR) spectroscopy proved humic substances as causation of the intensive staining; therefore, recommendations for restoration are suggested.

Some cultural heritage sites in Jordan are in urban areas being exposed to anthropogenic pollution. Therefore, it is important to evaluate the contamination at these sites to protect them. Here, we considered a Roman archeological site (Nymphaeum) situated in Amman. The contamination in soil, plants, and building stones did not show spatial distribution within the site. The contamination was the highest in soil (heavy metals 10(4) -10(7) ppb and sulfur similar to 3.5x10(6) ppb) whereas in plants was the least for Cr (similar to 400 ppb) and in building stones it was the least for Cu (similar to 860 ppb). The highest contamination in plants and building stones was found for Al (similar to 5x10(4) and similar to 6.2x10(5) ppb respectively). The sulfur content in plants (similar to 7.6x10(5) ppb) was higher than that in the building stones (similar to 2.3x10(5) ppb). The heavy metals and sulfur contamination in the building stones were lower than what was reported elsewhere outside Jordan.