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The WKROUND 2010 Benchmark Workshop was held at ICES Headquarters in Copenhagen, Denmark from 9–16 February 2010. The Workshop was chaired by Richard Methot (USA) with ICES Coordinator Einar Hjörleifsson (Iceland) and involved 26 participants representing 10 nations. The primary objectives of the Workshop were to compile and evaluate data sources and select appropriate assessment models to include in updated Stock Annexes for five stocks: Northeast Arctic saithe, Icelandic saithe, Faroes saithe, northern hake and southern hake. Benchmark workshops are designed to consider stocks under their jurisdiction on a rotational basis, with each stock being analysed in a 3–5-year cycle. The Stock Annexes are the most important product of this process, with each annex containing all relevant information that the benchmark workshop participants have identified as current best practice assessment inputs and models, providing sufficient detail to ensure that future assessment scientists can readily replicate assessments without the need to have been previously involved in such assessments. The Report also details the analyses undertaken during the Benchmark Workshop to inform the Stock Annexes. This Report consists of the Benchmark Workshop Report and the Stock Annex for each stock in turn, followed by general recommendations arising from the plenary sessions of the Workshop, and four annexes containing supplementary information. The species‐specific benchmark reports are split into specified sections dealing with data sources, data quality, environmental and ecosystem issues, stock assessment methods, forecasts, biological reference points, recommended modifications to the stock annex, recommendations on the procedure for assessment updates and recommendations for future work. Sections on industry‐supplied data are also included where appropriate. The species‐specific Stock Annexes follow the standard ICES format. The Benchmark was completed and corresponding Stock Annexes were updated for all five stocks. In each case, a preferred assessment model configuration was identified. For two stocks, northern hake and southern hake, new assessment methods were introduced to utilize size composition data after tagging studies invalidated previously utilized age data. Issues requiring further work were identified for all stocks and included in the Benchmark Report. General recommendations covered a wide range of topics including: evaluation of proxies for Fmsy, use of preliminary workshops to better prepare assessments for benchmark workshops, development of integrated survey indices from a spatial mosaic of individual surveys, and possible approaches to getting more consideration of environmental factors in stock assessments.

Die vorliegende Masterarbeit beschäftigt sich mit der Bestands- und Weiterentwicklung eines typischen Wiener Gemeindebaus aus den 1950er Jahren, der einige sichtbare Probleme, Defizite und Mängel aufweist und dennoch großes Potential für eine Nachverdichtung bietet. Es wird aufgezeigt, welche Maßnahmen und Aspekte zu einer verbesserten Wohnraumversorgung der bestehenden Wohnquartiere der 1950er bis 1970er Jahre führen und in welchem Zusammenhang diese mit der Dichte im städtebaulichen und gesellschaftlichen Sinne stehen. Dabei werden mögliche Nachverdichtungspotentiale dargestellt und zielführende Aspekte und Kriterien erarbeitet. Daraus entwickelt sich ein Konzept und die Schaffung eines neuen sozialen, urbanen, gemeinschaftlichen und generationenübergreifenden Wohnquartiers der Zukunft. Mittels einer Standort- und Grundstücksanalyse können zudem die jeweiligen Mängel und Potentiale aufgezeigt werden. Durch das steigende Bevölkerungswachstum und dem Trend der Urbanisierung wird der Begriff Dichte zu einem aktuellen Thema. Die städtische Dichte erhält einen besonderen Stellenwert und fordert insbesondere bei den Wohnanlagen der Nachkriegsjahre eine Nachverdichtung. Die locker bebauten Anlagen, die großzügigen Grünanlagen und Zwischenräume sind entscheidende Grundlagen für eine Umsetzung der Verdichtungsmaßnahmen. Diese Wohnquartiere müssen einen Beitrag leisten, damit das ansteigende Bevölkerungswachstum bewältigt und leistbarer Wohnraum geschaffen werden kann. Aus sozioräumlicher Sicht sind aktuelle Bebauungen und besonders die Wohnquartiere der 1950er bis 1970er Jahre durch starke Anonymität geprägt. Menschen ziehen sich zurück und verschließen sich. Die Themen Gemeinschaft und Gesellschaft rücken in den Hintergrund. Aktuelle Stadtentwicklungsprojekte in Zusammenhang mit der Urbanität gewinnen immer mehr an Bedeutung. Quartiere werden geschaffen, die urbane Qualitäten miteinbinden und aus soziologischer Perspektive ein hohes Potential aufweisen. Hinter dem Begriff der Dichte steht nicht nur die bauliche Dichte, sondern auch funktionsdurchmischte Stadtquartiere mit einer hohen Diversität und Vielfalt der unterschiedlichen Funktionen. Dadurch entsteht eine Stadt in der Stadt mit fußläufigen Entfernungen. Versorgung und Lebensalltag verbleiben daher innerhalb eines Quartiers. Der zukünftige urbane Mensch wird durch Offenheit, Gemeinschaft und Verantwortung gekennzeichnet. Anonymität und Monotonie werden ausgeschlossen. Der gemeinschaftliche Zusammenhalt innerhalb eines Wohnquartiers mit den Nachbarn, Freunden und Bekannten rückt in den Mittelpunkt und ist für die Zukunft des Wohnens entscheidend. Die Bestandsentwicklung des Franz-Novy-Hofs orientiert sich an den drei Nachhaltigkeitsaspekten und zielt darauf ab, Bedürfnisse, Wünsche und Vorstellungen der verschiedenen Generationen, zu berücksichtigen. Ein belebtes urbanes Wohnquartier entsteht durch ein dichtes Netz an verschiedenen Nutzungen. Eine Mischung der Funktionen Wohnen, Arbeiten und Freizeit ermöglicht geplante oder ungeplante Begegnungen, Orte der Kommunikation und gemeinschaftliche Nachbarschaftsbildung. Grundlegende Aspekte meiner Masterarbeit sind innovative vielfältige räumliche Lösungen, Nutzungskonzepte, kompakte Wohnungsgrundrisse und gemeinschaftliche Einrichtungen. Der Fokus liegt dabei auf lebendigen Erdgeschoßzonen, veränderten Wohnungsformen und bespielten Frei- und Grünräumen. Durch einen Verdichtungs- und Transformationsprozess des Bestands soll den Bewohnern ein nachhaltiges und zukünftiges Wohnquartier geboten werden. Der Entwurf schafft somit qualitativ hochwertige, bedarfsorientierte und nachhaltige Wohnräume für die jüngeren und älteren Menschen. Eine höhere Dichte mit einer gleichzeitig höheren Wohn- und Lebensqualität für die Bewohner wird erzeugt. Die Bestands- und Weiterentwicklung zählt zu einem wichtigen Bestandteil der ökologischen, ökonomischen und sozialen Nachhaltigkeit und wird besonders in Zukunft immer mehr an Bedeutung gewinnen. My master’s thesis is about the inventory and further development of a typical Viennese municipal building from the 1950s, which has some obvious problems and deficits. There is a great potential for recompaction. It will be shown which measures and aspects lead to an improved supply of living space in the existing residential quarters of the 1950s to 1970s and how they are related to density in the urban and social sense. Possible potentials for recompaction are presented and target-oriented aspects and criteria are developed. From this a concept and the creation of a new social, urban, community and generation-spanning residential quarter of the future will be developed. By means of a location and property analysis, the respective deficiencies and potentials can also be identified. Due to increasing population and the trend of urbanisation, the term density is becoming a top priority. Urban density is becoming an important issue and needs recompaction, especially in the residential areas of the post-war period. The loosely built up areas, the generous green spaces and interspaces are decisive bases for the implementation of densification measures. These residential quarters must make a contribution so that the increasing population growth can be managed and affordable living space can be created. From a socio-spatial point of view, current buildings and especially the residential quarters of the 1950s to 1970s are characterised by a strong anonymity. People withdraw and close themselves off. The themes of community and society move into the background. Current urban development projects in connection with urbanity are becoming important. Quarters are being created with urban qualitiy and high potential from a sociological perspective. Behind the concept of density is not only the density of buildings, but also functionally mixed urban quarters with a high diversity and variety of different functions. This creates a city within the city in walking distance. Supply and everyday life therefore remain within one quarter. The future urban person will be characterised by openness, community and responsibility. Anonymity and monotony are excluded. The community cohesion within a residential quarter with neighbours, friends and acquaintances moves to the centre and is decisive for the future of living. The development of the Franz-Novy-Hof is based on the three aspects of sustainability and aims to take into account the needs, wishes and ideas of different generations. A lively urban residential quarter is created by a dense network of different uses. A mixture of the functions living, working und leisure enables planned or unplanned encounters, places of communication und community building. Fundamental aspects of my master’s thesis are innovative diverse spatial solutions, usage concepts, compact apartment floor plans and community facilities. The focus is on lively ground floor zones, changing forms of housing and playful open and green spaces. Through a process of densification and transformation of the existing stock, sustainable and future residential quarters are being offered for the resident. The design creates high-quality, demand-oriented and sustainable living spaces for younger and older people. A higher density with a simultaneously higher quality of living and life for residents will be created. Existing and further development is an important component of ecological, economic and social sustainability and will become more and more important in the future. vorgelegt von: Sandra Kendlbacher Das Dokument ist ausschließlich in gedruckter Form in der Bibliothek vorhanden Masterarbeit Wien, FH Campus Wien 2020

Different studies confirm that a specific adjustment of the lighting, music and scents positively influences the people's mood, concentration and quality of life. In this thesis we designed and developed a system, which allows the user to adjust the ambient in living spaces. Ambient is adjustable through the controllable part of a system consisting of a Wi-Fi enabled chip, LED strip lights, speakers and small fans spreading pleasant scents. The user is able to control this part of the system through a web application in real time. We also conducted a survey in which each participant testing the system answered a questionnaire about how he/she feels before and after using the system. Results showed that after the use of our system positive affect increases, whereas negative affect decreases. Različne študije potrjujejo, da primerna osvetlitev, glasba in vonjave pozitivno vplivajo na razpoloženje, koncentracijo in kakovost življenja posameznika. V tej magistrski nalogi smo zasnovali in razvili sistem, ki uporabniku omogoča prilagajanje ambienta v bivalnih prostorih. Ambient se lahko prilagaja preko krmilnega dela sistema, sestavljenega iz čipa, ki ima integrirano povezljivost z brezžičnim omrežjem, LED lučk, zvočnikov in majhnih ventilatorjev, ki širijo prijetne vonjave v bivalnih prostorih. Uporabnik lahko nadzoruje sistem preko spletne aplikacije v realnem času. Izvedli smo tudi anketo, v kateri je vsak udeleženec, ki je testiral sistem, odgovoril na vprašalnik o tem, kako se počuti pred in po uporabi našega sistema. Rezultati so pokazali, da se po uporabi našega sistema pozitivno počutje poveča, negativno pa zmanjša.

Este creciente fracaso que los estudiantes de la escuela media y de secundaria están experimentando en los cursos de matemática, así como el impresionante desarrollo tecnológico de los últimos años han promovido un elevado interés tanto de la sociedad así como de la comunidad educativa en general acerca de la importancia de integrar la tecnología y la enseñanza de la matemática, en los primeros años de la escuela secundaria. Para lograr un cambio en el currículo de la enseñanza de la matemática es necesaria la creación de ambientes de aprendizaje que incluyan el uso tecnologías tales como computadoras con el adecuado software y calculadoras con capacidades mayores que las de construir gráficos. Además es importante considerar un cambio radical en la preparación de los futuros profesores de matemática para que reciban la preparación adecuada para poder implementar en una forma apropiada el uso de estas tecnologías en sus clases con sus futuros estudiantes. Debemos recordar que investigaciones al respecto confirman que los profesores tienden a enseñar en la misma forma en que aprendieron. Otro factor importante es el desarrollo e implementación de cursos de entrenamiento que incluyan la integración de la tecnología y la matemática para los profesores en servicio, de esta manera estos profesores contarían con un medio de actualizar su conocimiento de la materia, y esto tal vez los ayudaría a cambiar sus actitudes hacia la utilización de tecnología en el aula.

The aim of this thesis is to study the small-scale vertical distribution patterns, habitat preferences and limits for Baltic cod in its major spawning area, the Bornholm Basin. The study is based on hydroacoustic single-target measurements and fish tracking algorithms, which allow to identify individual cod in their environment and to allocate hydrographic parameters to each individual. Additionally, distribution patterns were evaluated to identify the possible influence of climate driven long term trends in abiotic conditions on the Eastern Baltic cod stock. In Chapter I, the applicability of the hydroacoustic single-fish tracking method was confirmed by comparing the results with in-situ distribution data obtained concurrently in other studies from data-storage-tags (DST) attached to cod. It could be shown that hydroacoustics can enhance the datasets provided by DST when it comes to scaling of individual data to population level. Distribution patterns were analyzed for the peak spawning period in two years with contrasting hydrographic conditions (post inflow and stagnation). In both years, vertical distribution of cod was controlled by salinity as upper and oxygen concentration (during stagnation) as lower boundary level, marking suitable and preferred habitat. Temperature had no significant effect on vertical distribution. Spawning cod in both years avoided salinities

Oral presentation at the Nordic Climate Fish Conference. 19-21 January 2011, Solstrand, Bergen, Norway. Summarizes the effects of climate variation on geographic distribution of fish, with examples from the Barents Sea.

Contributors: Anne Kirstine Frie, Tore Haug, Tor Arne Øigård.

Poster presented at International Conference on the Effects of Noise on Aquatic Life, Cork, Ireland, August 15-20 2010. Summary: IMR, Bergen, has analysed data from official databases of landed catches from the period in which seismic data collection was carried out by the Norwegian Petroleum Directorate in the Lofoten/Vesterålen area summer 2008. Except for in the gillnet fisheries for saithe (Pollachius virens) and haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus), no significant negative effects could be documented. The catch rates of cod (Gadus morhua), ling (Molva molva), tusk (Brosme brosme) and Atlantic halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus) were not significantly changed during seismic activity, while those of red-fish (Sebastes marinus) and monkfish (Lophius piscatorius) seemed to increase. The catch rates of saithe and haddock caught by gillnets decreased, while similar negative effects could not be documented in the fisheries using other fishing gears (long line, hook-and-line or Danish seine). In the total investigation area there was a 45 % decrease in total amount of saithe delivered summer 2008 relative to in 2006 and 2007, but not less than in the period 2003 to 2005. However, the databases used are not constructed for this type of analyses, and has a structure that makes it difficult to trace minor changes in catch rates due to external effects. Also, the majority of the seismic data collection summer 2008 was 2D shooting scattered in time and space, which cannot be expected to have major influences on the fisheries.

The European eel ( Anguilla anguilla L.) is distributed in coastal and inland habitats all over Europe, but spawns in the Sargasso Sea and is thus affected by both continental and oceanic factors. Since the 1980s a steady decline has been observed in the recruitment of glass eels to freshwater and in total eel landings. The eel is considered as critically endangered on the International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources Red List of species. The Skagerrak beach seine survey from Norway constitutes the longest fishery-independent dataset on yellow/silver eels (starting in 1904). The Skagerrak coastal region receives larvae born in the Sargasso Sea spawning areas that have followed the Gulf Stream/North Atlantic Drift before they penetrate far into the North Sea. The Skagerrak coastal time series is therefore particularly valuable for exploring the impacts of oceanic factors on fluctuations in eel recruitment abundance. Analyses showed that Sargasso Sea surface temperature was negatively correlated with eel abundance, with a lag of 12 years revealing a cyclic and detrimental effect of high temperatures on the newly hatched larvae. The North Atlantic Oscillation index and inflow of North Atlantic water into the North Sea were negatively correlated with eel abundance, with a lag of 11 years. Increased currents towards the North Atlantic during high North Atlantic Oscillation years may send larvae into the subpolar gyre before they are ready to metamorphose and settle, resulting in low recruitment in the northern part of the distribution area for these years. The Skagerrak time series was compared with glass eel recruitment to freshwater in the Netherlands (Den Oever glass eel time series), and similar patterns were found revealing a cycle linked to changes in oceanic factors affecting glass eel recruitment. The recent decline of eels in the Skagerrak also coincided with previously documented shifts in environmental conditions of the North Sea ecosystem.

Contributors: Otte Bjelland

Landings of brown shrimp (Crangon crangon L.) for human consumption from the North Sea had reached a maximum in 2005. The German share was 16 485 tonnes, i. e. 44.2 %. However, German landings declined in 2006 and the question arose, whether effort reductions or a reduced stock caused this development. Logbook data, basis for the German fisheries statistics, have been analysed and revealed a first decline in LPUE (landings per unit effort) after a series of years with positive development. Johann Heinrich von Thünen-Institute, Federal Research Institute for Rural Areas, Forestry and Fisheries began publishing the Informationen aus der Fischereiforschung - Information on Fishery Research in 2010.

The immense Norwegian spring-spawning herring (Clupea harengus) population collapsed to the state of commercial extinction in the late 1960s, probably largely due to overfishing; the stock has fully recovered since the 1980s. It is known that the collapse strongly affected maturation characteristics. However, the long-term patterns of maturation in this stock have remained largely undescribed. Using discriminant analysis and artificial neural networks, the age at maturation for individual fish can be predicted fromroutine scalemeasurements.We applied thesemethods to historical data on herring scales available from 1935 up to the present, in order to (1) describe the long-term variability in both age and length at50%maturity, and (2) compute new, revisedmaturity ogives for the stock over the same period with temporal resolution of one year.This new information, with improved temporal resolution, enables comparisons ofmaturation characteristics before, during, and after the population collapse. As a further step, in order to increase our understanding of the potential impact of commercial fisheries on the genetic composition of fish stocks, we aim to disentangle genetic from phenotypic aspects of maturation.

„Winter fishery“ on brown shrimp does not imply a special type of fishery. It merely means the continuation of the standard fishing procedure of parts of the fleet during wintertime, when the majority of the mostly smaller vessels stay in harbour due to generally unfavourable weather conditions for their activity. During 1990 to 1999 mean European wide landings in January and February summedup to 854 tonnes making up to only 4 % of the mean annual landings (21 805 t). While German vessels landed0.7 % (68.7 t) of their mean annual landings during that period, the other countries caught about 7 % of their individual, mean annual landings at the same time. The Netherlands and Denmark contributed highest tonnages of 580and 110 tonnes, respectively, to the total European landings, making up 81 % of them. As about 70 % of brown shrimp may carry eggs in January, the winter fishery took a mean total of about 2.15 x 1012brown shrimp eggs out of the stocks in that period annually. As there is no reliable assessment available concerning the brown shrimp stocks, it is despite of these high losses of eggs not possible to trace a negative effect of the winter fishery in scientific terms. However, precautional catch reductions in winter would be in favour of higher survival rates of eggs, which are the carrying source for the recruitment of brown shrimp stocks and catches in forthcoming summer and autumn seasons according to Dutch investigations. Johann Heinrich von Thünen-Institute, Federal Research Institute for Rural Areas, Forestry and Fisheries began publishing the Informationen aus der Fischereiforschung = Information on Fishery Research in 2010.

Since 1976 the Institute of Sea Fisheries of the Federal Research Center for Fisheries, Hamburg, has been conductinglong-term monitoring research on Antarctic krill in order to manage the stocks according to the precautionary approach. The krill stocks of the South Atlantic fluctuate seasonally as well as inter-annually in biomass and recruitment success. Following high densities in the late 1970s, the stocks are recently declining. Shortly after the onset of a commercial fishery the catches reached a maximum of around 500 000 t annually, but stabilized around 100 000 t during recent years. Actual survey results indicate mean krill densities in the South Atlantic of 21.4 g/m2, corresponding to 44 Mio. t. The potential yield and maximumcatch rate was set at 4.0 Mio. t per year subdivided for thevarious CCAMLR Subareas. CCAMLR is expected to introducefurther conservation measures to control the fishery in the convention area in the near future, however, there is still room for developing a krill fishery in the Antarctic. Johann Heinrich von Thünen-Institute, Federal Research Institute for Rural Areas, Forestry and Fisheries began publishing the Informationen aus der Fischereiforschung = Information on Fishery research in 2010.

The sprat of the Baltic Sea is not as short-lived as inother Seas probably because fish predator species arerestricted mainly on cod and salmon. Sea bird popula-tions are much smaller and marine mammals are rare inthe Baltic Sea. The sprat stock biomass is fluctuatingstrongly. The fluctuation is mainly influenced by thestock recruitment and is also dependent on the strengthof the cod stock. After a strong decrease during the1980ies sprat catches increased again from 1992 onwardsand reached a peak with over half a million tonnes in 1997. At about the same time the character of the BalticSea sprat fishery changed from catches mainly for hu-man consumption to catches mainly for industrial pur-poses initiated by the fishery of Sweden. The recentrecord high catches of sprat have been possible only dueto the low level of the cod stock of the main Baltic SeaBasins over some years. A sprat fishery on such a highcatch level might cause conflicts with a recovering codstock in future. Johann Heinrich von Thünen-Institute, Federal Research Institute for Rural Areas, Forestry and Fisheries began publishing the Informationen aus der Fischereiforschung = Information on Fishery research in 2010.

Indices of the abundance of Northeast Arctic cod (Gadus morhua L.) for various life stages were compared in order to determine the earliest stage at .which year-class strength is established. The indices considered are: VPA estimates of spawning stock biomass; an egg abundance index; an early juvenile (approximately three-months old) abundance index; 0-group (age four to five months) abundance indices; bottom trawl and acoustic survey abundance indices for one, two and three- year-old cod and VPA estimates of the abundance of three-year-old cod. Based on a regression analysis, the relative abundance of early juvenile cod was the first life stage that was correlated with their relative'abundance as three year olds. Since the cokelation between the estimates of spawning stock biomass or total egg production and the relative abundance of three-year-old cod was weak, it is concluded that considerable yearly variation in mortality occurs before cod reach the early juvenile stage.

On the basis of the ”Gdansk Convention on Preservation of Living Resources of the Baltic Sea” the International Baltic Sea Fishery Commission (IBSFC) has been regulating catches of most important fish species in the area since 1974. This article reviews, in a first step for Baltic Sea cod, the development of stocks and fishery since 1970 in the light of respective catch regulations of IBSFC. TACs have been fixed by IBSFC by species for the whole Baltic Sea and resulting quotas have been split according to national and/or international fishery zones from 1975 up to now. The Baltic Sea cod is on biological background treated in scientific stock assessment as two separate stocks. Both stocks, in the western and eastern Baltic Sea, show clearly different developments over the period since 1970. After a short living peak in stock size of the eastern compartment about 20 years ago this stock has been on a very low level since the late 1980’s. During that period with increasing effort big cod catches have been landed.. The level of fishing effort is more or less the same still with much lower catches nowadays. A detailed description of development of stock sizes and recruitment is given. The conclusion is that with the present regime of regulation on the basis of one TAC for the total Baltic Sea and with high fishing capacity available for cod it will be impossible to meet the aim of good and stable yields. Johann Heinrich von Thünen-Institute, Federal Research Institute for Rural Areas, Forestry and Fisheries began publishing the Informationen aus der Fischereiforschung = Information on Fishery research in 2010.

An overview is presented on the M74-Syndrome of Baltic salmon which is known since 1974 and which, since 1992, has caused considerable losses of artificially produced yolk-sac larvae in Swedish and Finnish hatcheries responsible for compensatory salmon stocking programmes. The syndrome only affects offspring of wild salmon ascending the rivers for spawning and not offspring derived from salmon broodstocks permanently kept in hatcheries. The syndrome seems to be restricted to the Baltic Sea where it has beenrecorded in all of the remaining Swedish (except thewest coast) and Finnish salmon rivers as well as in populations of Estonian rivers and the Russian RiverNeva. In Sweden and in Finland, the syndrome has been recorded in recent years in offspring of up to 80 % of female salmon used for spawning and resulted in a larval mortality of up to 90 %. A nutrition-associated thiamine (vitamin B1) deficiency is considered as primary cause. However, other environmental factors seem to be involved in addition. There is concern that the syndrome constitutes a major threat with respect to the survival of the few still naturally reproducing populations of Baltic salmon. Johann Heinrich von Thünen-Institute, Federal Research Institute for Rural Areas, Forestry and Fisheries began publishing the Informationen aus der Fischereiforschung = Information on Fishery research in 2010.

70 half-hour tows using a Grand Ouverture Verticale (GOV) and – for the first time for R.V. “Walther Herwig III” – 102 plankton stations with a special plankton net were this years’ German contribution to the International Bottom Trawl Survey (IBTS). Results show only for sprat, whiting, and Norway pout relatively good incoming year-classes whereas indices for cod, haddock, mackerel, and herring point at rather poor recruitment. Strongest herring larvae concentrations (< 50 larvae/haul) were observed in the MorayFirth area, on the Fladenground and off the Jutland coast. 75 hydrographic stations showed the water masses in the area of investigation to be vertically mixed and homogenous. However, temperatures measured were 0.5 K to 1 K above longterm means. Johann Heinrich von Thünen-Institute, Federal Research Institute for Rural Areas, Forestry and Fisheries began publishing the Informationen aus der Fischereiforschung = Information on Fishery research in 2010.

Die Situation der bewirtschafteten Fischbestände im NAFO-Gebiet hat sich im Jahr 1998 im Vergleich zu 1997 nicht verändert. Alle Bestände auf der Grand bank (Gebiet 3LNO) bis auf die Gelbschwarzflunder, deren Bestand sich weiter vergrößerte, bleiben auf niedrigstem Niveau mit wenig Aussicht auf eine kurzfristige Erholung. Auch die Bestände auf der Flämischen Kappe (Gebiet 3M) sind mit Ausnahme der Garnelen (Pandalus boreals) in der gleichen Situation. Johann Heinrich von Thünen-Institute, Federal Research Institute for Rural Areas, Forestry and Fisheries began publishing the Informationen aus der Fischereiforschung = Information on Fishery research in 2010.

The German brown shrimp fishery experienced considerablechanges during the recent four decades. Contrarily to the decline in number of vessels the technical standard and size of the shrimping vessels improved and the fishing power as well as the effort of the single boats have strongly increased. As fishing effort by the whole fleet may be calculated different ways, trends in total effort may differ according to the relevant author´s approach. The present study tries to estimate the total trawled area by the fleet in the mid fifties as well as in 1996. The resultis that there seems to be no change in the order of magnitude of the total trawled area for the German shrimping fleet itself, though shifts in geographical areas as within seasons were reported. However, the development of the Danish and Dutch shrimping fleets have contributed to an increase in terms of annually trawled area. Therefore pooled fishing effort must have increased considerably. Johann Heinrich von Thünen-Institute, Federal Research Institute for Rural Areas, Forestry and Fisheries began publishing the Informationen aus der Fischereiforschung = Information on Fishery research in 2010.

Germany is planning to construct a new herring factory on the Island of Rügen. This factory will need about 50 000 t of herring per year. For the German fishery this would mean to increase the past 10w 1andings of less than 15 000 t per year to a level which had a1ready been reached by the GDR before the reunification. News of less herring in the Baltic and a decline of German landings in 1998 compared to the years before have led to discussions whether the planned increase in landings could be reached and kept in the future. Information is given in view of German fishery interests about:• the actual assessed herring stock units and the corresponding recent stock development in the Baltic Sea• the Total Allowable Catch (TAC) values for the western and central Baltic Sea in 1998 and in 1999• the German landings during spring of the years 1993 to 1998 in the Greifswalder Bodden, main German fishery ground in the Baltic Sea Johann Heinrich von Thünen-Institute, Federal Research Institute for Rural Areas, Forestry and Fisheries began publishing the Informationen aus der Fischereiforschung = Information on Fishery research in 2010.

Investigations concerning the intensity and duration of spawning seasons of cod stocks are parts of the work of the reproductions ecology of commercial fish stocks in the Baltic Sea. The Institute of Baltic Fisheries Rostock has sampled and analysed data for this goal since 1992. The first data analyses for the spawning season 1997, sampledin the areas Kiel Bay, Mecklenburg Bay and Arkona Sea showed that the process of the spawning season is different compared to the years before. The spawning process starts earlier than the other years in Kiel Bay and Mecklenburg Bay. The results show that a high proportion of the spawning stock was part of the spawning process in this area. The Arkona Sea cod are regarded by ICES definition as belonging to the western cod stock. In this ICES sub-division only a low number of spawned cod was observed in March, the main spawning time of the western cod stock.Opposite to the theory of the stock units intensive spawning activities were observed in June as in the years before in the Arkona Sea. Johann Heinrich von Thünen-Institute, Federal Research Institute for Rural Areas, Forestry and Fisheries began publishing the Informationen aus der Fischereiforschung = Information on Fishery research in 2010.

Biological investigations were carried out onboard the German factory trawlers “Wiesbaden” and “Kiel” off the Norwegian coast and at Bear Island from December 1996 to June 1997. Data will be contributed to the assessments ofthe ICES “Arctic Fisheries Working Group”. Information on distribution and fishery of cod, haddock, saithe, redfish and Greenland halibut are given. Biological aspects of length- and age distributions, and stomach- and gonadinvestigations are represented. Some aspects of the function of sorting grids used in the Bear Island fishery are discussed. Johann Heinrich von Thünen-Institute, Federal Research Institute for Rural Areas, Forestry and Fisheries began publishing the Informationen aus der Fischereiforschung = Information on Fishery research in 2010.

Based on air temperature data from three sites of West andEast Greenland, on ice charts for the area 54°N, 71°N and20°W, 70°W, and on CTD profile observations aroundGreenland, the annual variability of climate is shown. Meanmonthly air temperature data from Nuuk/West Greenlandreveal the long-term interannual changes of air temperatureanomalies. The warming trend which was observed duringNovember, December 1995 was maintained into 1996 forabout five months. Thus, spring warming of the near surfacewater layers, especially on the shallow bank areas off WestGreenland has been favoured. As a result of mild airtemperatures over most of 1996, sea ice conditions were about normal around Greenland and off eastern Canada. Subsurface observations indicate considerable warming of the 0-200 m water layer off West Greenland. The thermal anomaly of this layer amounts to +1.59K, which is the second highest value on record since the warm 1964 event. The warmer than normal conditions as recorded since November 1995 off East and West Greenland, point at intermediate warming which is characteristic of the second half of the recent decades. The long-term trend of air temperature anomalies off West Greenland points, however, still at cooling, a trend which is persistent since the early 1970s. As the potential driving mechanism for the intermediate warming in the Labrador Sea area, the sea level air pressure gradient between Iceland and the Azores is identified. The 1996 value of this gradient, the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) Index, is strongly negative and this represents the flow of mild air masses from the midlatitude Atlantic Ocean to the Greenland/Labrador Sea region. Accordingly, air temperature anomalies indicated unusual warming during the month of February which amounted to >2K in the region of Baffin Land, Labrador and Greenland. Johann Heinrich von Thünen-Institute, Federal Research Institute for Rural Areas, Forestry and Fisheries began publishing the Informationen aus der Fischereiforschung = Information on Fishery research in 2010.

Based on the results of an analytical assessment, the Atlantic cod stock off Greenland collapsed already in the late 60s and, since then, reached rarely the 10 % level of its size in 1955. Applying the concept of a self-sustaining stock, the drastic harvesting strategy of the past four decades must be considered inadequate. The stock collapse was therefore found consistent with annual exploitation rates being not adjusted to conservative management options and exceeding the productivity of the stock by far. The results of a multiplicative model explained the following recruitment failure based on significant effects of spawning stock size as well as temperature. Certainly, cold periods have negatively affected the recruitment process and consequently contributed to the stock collapse. However, such ecological effects should not be itemized causal but must be taken into account regarding appropriate stock management. Till today, the spawning stock remained severely depleted causing a low probability of a successful recruitment and a substantial stock recovery. Johann Heinrich von Thünen-Institute, Federal Research Institute for Rural Areas, Forestry and Fisheries began publishing the Informationen aus der Fischereiforschung = Information on Fishery research in 2010.

Assessments on NE-arctic stocks of cod, haddock, saith, redfish and Greenland halibut were carried out by the ICES 'Arctic Fisheries Working Group' in August 1996. Whereas stocks of cod, haddock, and saithe are presently in fairly good and stable condition the assessments show the stocks of beaked redfish and Greenland hailibut to be just the opposite. The status of the golden redfish stock seems to be stable. More detailed information is given in this report. Johann Heinrich von Thünen-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Rural Areas, Forestry and Fisheries began publishing the Informationen aus der Fischereiforschung = Information on Fishery research in 2010

Based on the report of the most recent meeting of the ICES Advisory Committee on Fishery Management (ACFM), May 1996, brief uptodate information is given on the status of the fish stocks utilized by the German fleet and the relevant advice on TAC's to be fished in 1997. Johann Heinrich von Thünen-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Rural Areas, Forestry and Fisheries began publishing the Informationen aus der Fischereiforschung = Information on Fishery research in 2010

The investigations on the fecundity of cod from different areas of the Baltic Sea started in 1992. The samples were collected in ICES Sub-divisions 25 (Bornholm Sea). 24 (Arkona Sea) and 22 (Mecklenburg and Kiel Bay). This article surnmarizes the results of 435 analysed gonads from females of age groups 1 to 8 with total length of 24 - 116 cm of the years 1992 to 1995. The gonads were prepared and analysed according to the methods which were deseribed in Bleil and Oeberst (1993). The aim of the investigations is to estimate the reproduction potential of cod for different areas and years. For this reason the absolute and relative fecundity were analysed for estimating the dependence on the total length, for age groups and the weight of females. These data were estimated for the populations Gadus morhua morhua and Gadus morhua callarias. Preliminary results have shown that the absolute fecundity (fabs) is dependent on whole weight of the females. The influence of sub-divisions(SD) and years to the fecundity are very low. Additional to this data was calculated the population fecundity for the western Baltic Sea stock (SD 22 and 24). The numbers of produced ripe eggs within the western Baltic were estimated with 4055.59 x 10(9) for 1993 and 6949.85 x 10(9) for 1994. Johann Heinrich von Thünen-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Rural Areas, Forestry and Fisheries began publishing the Informationen aus der Fischereiforschung = Information on Fishery research in 2010

At present, the severe decline of the fishery off Greenland is being discussed controversially. In contrast to overfishing, climate changes and emigration are itemized causal. Available German data on commercial catches and research cruises are presented for clarification. A few years after the beginning of heavy exploitation during the early sixties, the stocks of cod, golden and beaked redfish reflected a significant rejuvenescence based on catch analysis. Regular scientific surveys• for stock assessment purposes commenced in 1982 when the productivity of the stocks was already adversely affected due to low spawning stocks and extremely irregular recruitment. From this point of view, the results of the latest survey in 1995 showing stagnant fish biomass at record low level since 1991 are not surprising. The status of the cod stock is still considered severely depleted. Taking the high abundance of juvenile redfish into account, recovery of the groundfish stocks is unlikely in short term and depends on the non-predictable recruitment only. Johann Heinrich von Thünen-Institute, Federal Research Institute for Rural Areas, Forestry and Fisheries began publishing the Informationen aus der Fischereiforschung = Information on Fishery research in 2010.

Based on the results from egg and larvae surveys, mackerel and horse mackerel are thought to form three more or less distinct stocks each in the North Sea and in the waters west of the British Isles. These are firstly the southernstocks in the southern part of the English Channel, Celtic Sea and Bay of Biscay, secondly the North Sea and finally the western stocks of both species, loeated between the Shetlands and southern Norway. It is argued here that in view of the high mobility and the extended seasonal migrations of both species a c1ear separation of the stocks can hardly be maintained. In this context the results of the 1995 mackerel and horse mackerel egg survey to the southern spawning location is presented. Johann Heinrich von Thünen-Institute, Federal Research Institute for Rural Areas, Forestry and Fisheries began publishing the Informationen aus der Fischereiforschung = Information on Fishery research in 2010

A review of the NE Atlantic stocks of cod, haddock, saithe, redfish and Greenland halibut is given. The results are based on the assessments of the ICES "Arctic Fisheries Working Group" and the critical examination of the ICES "Advisory Committee on Fisheries Managment (ACFM)". Johann Heinrich von Thünen-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Rural Areas, Forestry and Fisheries began publishing the Informationen aus der Fischereiforschung = Information on Fishery research in 2010

Since 1991, the aggregate biomass of fish stocks inhabiting the West Greenland shelf stagnates at the lowest level. The latest survey results of cruise no. 152 conducted by FRV 'Walther Herwig III' do not indicate any improvements in state of the stocks, although no fishing effort was recently directed towards groundfish. The cod stock showed again a record low and is presently dominated by recruitsof the year classes 1991 and 1993. Both year classes are considered to be weak and the cod stock is beyond the 'minimum biologically acceptable level'. Consequently, an increase in stock abundance is not expected either in short or long term. Other ecologically or economically important fish species, American plaice, redfish, wolffish and starry skate, were also found to have minimum stock abundances. By-catch estimates of juvenile groundfish taken by the shrimp fishery, operating at traditional grounds of cod and redfish fisheries, are indispensible. Analysis of climatological data from Nuuk/West Greenland indicates that climate during the past fourty years was characterized by two decades of anomalous warm conditions, and cooling whichdominates the dimate since 1969. Anomalous cold events were encountered during 1983, 1984 and during 1992, 1993. Similar to the air temperature anomalies, autumn temperatures of the ocean surface layer indicate cold and warm periods during the past thirty years. In contrast to the colder than normal atmospheric conditions during the early nineties, however, the ocean conditions indicateintermediate warming. Johann Heinrich von Thünen-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Rural Areas, Forestry and Fisheries began publishing the Informationen aus der Fischereiforschung = Information on Fishery research in 2010

Two surveys in the German Bight revealed a relatively good recruitment for plaice and cod. However, with the current high effort and uneconomic way of fishing, most of these fish will end as discards. To protect young plaice during the winter months an increase of the mesh opening in beam trawls within the plaice box is suggested. Therefore, the fishermen are called upon to make a more considerated selection of their nets. Johann Heinrich von Thünen-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Rural Areas, Forestry and Fisheries began publishing the Informationen aus der Fischereiforschung = Information on Fishery research in 2010

Seven research vessels of ICES member countries participated, in order to investigate the strength of incoming yearclasses of commereially most important species. Germany took part in the investigations by R.V. "Walther Herwig III" from January 23 to February 24. Indices of a total of 330 stations indicate a positive development of the stocks of haddock, Norway pout and sprat whereas indices for cod, whiting, and herring remain in the mean of the last years. Water temperatures were up to 1 K above the longterm mean. Salinities were measured regionally both above and below mean values up to 1 0/00. Johann Heinrich von Thünen-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Rural Areas, Forestry and Fisheries began publishing the Informationen aus der Fischereiforschung = Information on Fishery research in 2010

Johann Heinrich von Thünen-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Rural Areas, Forestry and Fisheries began publishing the Informationen aus der Fischereiforschung = Information on Fishery research in 2010

The distribution was studied by analysing the catches during four research vessel cruises in summer and eight cruises in winter in the period 1985 - 1993. The emmigration of young saithe, spending the larval and first juvenil stages in the inshore waters of Norway and Scotland, starts during the summer in an age of two years. Johann Heinrich von Thünen-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Rural Areas, Forestry and Fisheries began publishing the Informationen aus der Fischereiforschung = Information on Fishery research in 2010

Johann Heinrich von Thünen-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Rural Areas, Forestry and Fisheries began publishing the Informationen aus der Fischereiforschung = Information on Fischery research in 2010

Johann Heinrich von Thünen-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Rural Areas, Forestry and Fisheries began publishing the Informationen aus der Fischereiforschung = Information on Fishery research in 2010

Johann Heinrich von Thünen-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Rural Areas, Forestry and Fisheries began publishing the Informationen aus der Fischereiforschung = Information on Fishery research in 2010