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Copyright of Cuadernos del Centro de Estudios de Diseño y Comunicación is the property of Cuadernos del Centro de Estudios de Diseno y Comunicacion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A short essay about the second largest of group imported container amphoras on the territory of the Golden Horde which was named in scientific literature «amphoras of SSS stamp group» is presented in the article. In materials from Eastern Europe this group was singled-out by I.V. Volkov. He tracked evolution of this group throughout the 12th – 13th centuries. The authors have made an overview of the opinions of different researchers about the place of their production. At the moment, at least four options have been proposed: Palestine, Cilicia (?), Thessaloniki, Western Georgia. An opinion was expressed that it was unlawful to single out this group of amphoras. All proposed hypotheses are based on indirect data and logical constructions based on different conditions. On the opinion of the authors of the article, the amphoras of the SSS stamp group came from the territory of Western Georgia during the period of flourishing of the centralized state in Georgia. An estimate of the number of finds and the geography of their distribution are given. Also most characteristic features of the vessels of this group are characterized. Considering that during the Golden Horde period, amphoras of the SSS stamp group arrived during a few decades in the middle of the third quarter of 13th century, their identification is very important for revealing of the earliest complexes on the settled settlements of the Golden Horde.

The analysis was made upon a set of 27 pieces that had been discovered in the South Sector during the archaeological campaigns carried out between 2003 and 2020. In the study were included the pieces from the early Roman period. Therefore, the purpose of the present paper is to provide an overview of a group of previously unpublished Early Roman lamps. The occurrence of a unique lamp mark on the territory of Romanian Dobrudja is also reported. Given the circumstances that this category received little attention within the published materials, provide an important contribution to a future endeavour to gather all the available artifacts in a corpus dedicated to Histria’s lamps

This paper deals with representation of eye examination and eye disease prevention methods in philately. The work represents the primary methods used for eye disease diagnosis and demonstrates the role of stamps in raising awareness among people regarding basic medical knowledge. The article is supplied with illustrative material, explanatory descriptions and comments.

This study deals with description of the furnace structure, studied during archaeological work on the territory of the upper part of one of the oldest towns in Siberia – Tobolsk (founded in 1587). Stratigraphic surveys together with a numismatic collection allowed the authors to date the revealed heating structure to the second half of the XVIII century. It was established that the furnace was built at the bottom of the cellar; its base was a frame of scaffolds, on which the brickwork was made (the reuse of bricks from pulled down furnaces was recorded). The studied part of the furnace base has been preserved to a height of 1 m; the maximum studied dimensions are 170×160 cm. Based on the analysis of the masonry, the furnace found to be rectangular in shape. It was decorated with tiles. The authors believe that the studied furnace design is not typical for Tobolsk of the second half of the XVIII century. It was in the house of a wealthy citizen.

In this work, for the first time, an exact solution of the contact problem of interaction with a multilayer base of two semi-infinite stamps, the ends of which are parallel to each other, is constructed. The stamps are assumed to be absolutely rigid, and the distance between them can have any finite value. The task is an important stage in the algorithm for constructing models of a new type of crack in materials of different rheologies. The mechanism of destruction of the medium by cracks of a new type is radically different from the mechanism of destruction of the medium by Griffiths cracks, and has so far been little studied. Griffiths formed his cracks with a smooth border as a result of compression from the sides of an elliptical cavity in the plate. Cracks of a new type have a piecewise smooth border, resulting from the replacement of an ellipse with a rectangle compressed from the sides. The problem considered in this article can be considered as the result of the formation of a new type of crack with absolutely rigid banks and a deformable lower boundary. Thanks to it, after the solution, it becomes possible to switch to deformable stamps and a crack of a new type in the rheological medium. The solution of this problem turned out to be possible due to the construction of exact solutions of the Wiener–Hopf integral equations on a finite segment. This paper shows how the solution of one of the previously unsolved problems allows us to investigate and solve exactly other problems and to identify previously unknown properties and resonances. As a result of constructing an exact solution to the problem, the fact that the solution of dynamic contact problems for stamp systems is not unique was confirmed and a dispersion equation for finding resonant frequencies was constructed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While much has been written about how imperialist and Indian nationalist historiographies have approached 1857, scant attention has been paid to how it has been remembered in Pakistan. This article endeavours to explore the ways in which 1857 has been articulated by the state in India and Pakistan through a study of their commemorative postage stamps. On the face of it, India's emphasis on nonviolence and Pakistan's quest for an Islamic history make 1857 a misfit within the historiographies of both states. However, the paper outlines that during the centenary in 1957, both India and Pakistan commemorated 1857 while maintaining some discursive distance from it. While Pakistan chose to memorialise it as the beginning of its struggle for independence, India recessed it within the broader framework of independence itself. The paper goes on to demonstrate how this position has changed drastically over the years. In order to weave a composite and inclusive history of the country, India now celebrates the legacy of 1857 by appropriating it within the frames of national unity, patriotism, and anti-imperialism. Pakistan, on the other hand, uses 1857 merely as a means to segue into a discussion of reform efforts led by the subcontinent's Muslim elite, thereby relegating it to the background of the Pakistan movement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Current landslide hazard assessment in the Philippines is done mainly using static base maps. The assessments are provided in the form of static landslide hazard maps. In this research, the technology of satellite interferometry in the form of Persistent Scatter Interferometry (PSI) is utilized in the City of Antipolo, Rizal to supplement the hazard maps by determining Persistent Scattering ground points exhibiting significantly higher velocities than a least-squares defined model. The study successfully detected 184,253 PS points using StaMPS. Assessment of the displacement of each point is done to isolate anomalous patterns by measuring both the actual displacement and the velocity of these PS points. The novelty of the study is the ability for periodic updating of anomalous points that facilitates the updating of landslide hazard maps every 12 days. Furthermore, the results of the study are overlain with published landslide susceptibility map to provide an additional dynamic layer that provides the movement of specific points and their corresponding classification at each image acquisition. The displacement was correlated to a stationary GNSS receiver having a correlation coefficient of 0.83 in the Lineof-Sight (LOS) direction suggesting the viability of the method in determining ground movement in aid of existing landslide hazard maps. Overall, the study demonstrates the feasibility of utilizing PSI in monitoring ground movement to complement conventional landslide hazard assessment in the Philippines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Art-E is the property of Suleyman Demirel University, Faculty of Fine Arts and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The teaching design based on the famous chemists in the history of chemistry is an important and indispensable ideological and political teaching step in the organic chemistry. As a type of characteristic teaching resource and tool, the stamps about chemical theme contain abundant ideological and political elements. In this paper, aiming at the organic chemistry course of agronomy, we carry out the teaching practice using the chemists theme stamps, "Giessen School", as an example. We summarize the brief history of the chemistry theme stamps, analyze the feasibility and significance of the application in organic chemistry teaching, and explore the method, effect and reflection on teaching by the chemists theme stamps. In summary, the purpose of this paper is to provide a useful reference for the development on the chemists theme stamps in organic chemistry teaching. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The preventive archaeological research carried out on the Medgidia Elenistic 1 site, by MINA Constanța, which took place between November 2022 and July 2023, brought to light a rich and beautiful ceramic material of all kinds, fromGetic and Scythian hand modeled pottery by - to luxury black-glazed Greek vessels, gray pottery and, of course, a rich batch of Greek amphorae and their fragments. In general terms, the discovered material falls chronologically between the IV and III BC.Among the amphoric material, the majority on the site, a special place is occupied by the amphoric stamps (67), coming from6 Greek producing centers, bothMediterranean - Thasos, Cnidos, Rhodes, and from the Pontic ones - Heraclea, Sinope, Chersones. Among the stamps from Medgidia, some specimens of unknown centers were also noticed, some present for the 􀌑rst time in the W-NW area of the Black Sea, as well as, we believe, a new Sinopean producer. Most of the stamps belong to the Sinopean amphoric production - 34, which represents 60% of the total of this lot. From a chronological point of view, the batch of stamps discovered on the Medgidia Elenistic 1 site falls between the 􀌑rst half of the century 4th and mid-century 3rd century Chr. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Stratum Plus Journal is the property of P.P. Stratum plus and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Structural health monitoring (SHM) can support decision makers in structural integrity management by providing information about occurrence of damage and its evolution in time. Recently, due to new Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) missions, remote sensing through active satellites provides a promising methodology capable of monitoring infrastructure assets. This paper investigates the use of Multi‐Temporal Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry (MT‐InSAR) processing to monitor the structural health of bridges. The full interferometry processing chain is applied using Sentinel‐1 synthetic aperture radar data and a combination of open‐source routines from the Sentinel Application Platform (SNAP) and Stanford Method for Persistent Scatterers (StaMPS). Displacement time‐histories are derived from single look complex products by employing the Persistent Scatterer Interferometry (PSInSAR) technique. The PS‐InSAR technique is applied to study the behavior of a concrete bridge located over the Oglio river in Isola Dovarese, Italy, on which also GNSS receivers are installed. The GNSS data are then used to validate the PS‐InSAR measurements. The effects on PS‐InSAR results of the number of SAR images used as well of the target structure are investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper deals with representation of eye examination and eye disease prevention methods in philately. The work represents the primary methods used for eye disease diagnosis and demonstrates the role of stamps in raising awareness among people regarding basic medical knowledge. The article is supplied with illustrative material, explanatory descriptions and comments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study is dedicated to a special category within the archaeological material preserved in the collections of the National History Museum of Romania, terra sigillata from Feldioara. The analysis was made upon a set of 44 pieces that had been discovered during the archaeological campaigns carried out between 1987 and 1990. Following a stylistic analysis (for copies having decoration), in conjunction with typological analysis and the clay from which are manufactured items analyzed we found that imports come from two main centers producing terra sigillata: Lezoux and Rheinzabern. Therefore, the center from Lezoux represents the origin place of the largest part of terra sigillatta that was discovered at Feldioara. Workshops of Rheinzabern are also one of the main sources of terra sigillata at Feldioara.

Terracotta tiles are a characteristic objects of Russian culture in the 17th century. These terracotta tiles are intended for facing stoves. The article deals with tiles and stamps for making tiles found during the archaeological study of the historical part of Tsaryovokokshaysk. A stove faced with tiles was a luxury item for the upper strata of the population. That is why the findings of tiles are more interesting in the territory of a small town, where wealthy people made up a small percentage of the population. The technology of manufacturing tiles speaks in favor of the presence of local production. Stamps found on the territory of the town for applying a pattern on tiles also indicate the presence of such production in Tsaryovokokshaysk of the 17th century. Stamps are quite rare finds on the territory of Russia, and those ones found far from the centers of tile production are of even greater value. Tsaryovokokshaysk stamps have a more complicated and varied pattern than those found in other regions earlier. The revealed tiles were described and grouped according to the composition of the drawing. In 2021 there was found a tile that had been made using a stamp found in 2015. This fact also proves the presence of local production in the town during the 17th century. The production of tiles in Tsaryovokokshaysk ceased in the 18th century due to socio-economic reasons.

Floods are the most common sort of natural disaster that occurs when a body of water overflows and submerges on dry terrain. Several regions in Sidoarjo District, East Java such as Kedungbanteng and Banjarasri Village, have experienced floods with varying heights since 2018 due to heavy rainfall in the areas. According to the Meteorological, Climatological, and Geophysical Agency (BMKG), rainfall intensity in these areas reach 100 mm/day. Furthermore, the physical environment in both areas shows land subsidence that causes a change in the flow pattern, which triggers its occurrence. This research incorporated different small baseline techniques of InSAR time series analysis and used GPS measurement to evaluate and monitor the land subsidence in both areas. The reseachers used Sentinel-1 SAR data both from ascending and descending for the period between 2017 and 2021. The results showed significant subsidence value by up to −200 mm/year both in Kedungbanteng and Banjarasri Village, and GPS observation also confirmed approximately −3.2 cm of subsidence value during 2 months of sampling observations. Using the neural network analysis, the reseachers predicted the time series displacement for one year and showed that a continuous trend of deformation still existed.

Copyright of SHILAP Revista de Lepidopterologia is the property of Sociedad Hispano-Luso-Americana de Lepidopterologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article presents 23 Greek amphora stamps discovered in the last 10 years in the area of the ancient city of Callatis, during archaeological excavations conducted by one of the authors of this article. The artifacts come from six surveyed locations: the area of the flattened tumuli from Arsa, the Hagieni forest, the Castelul de Apă area, the western area of the Coloniști neighborhood (Mangalia), the former fish farm Limanu, and La Movile area. All the stamps are of Sinopean origin, covering the chronological framework between the 3rd decade of the 4th century BC and the 1st decade of the 2nd century BC. Most of the items in this lot are magistrates' stamps, while only two being potter΄s stamps. It should be noted that most of the stamps are dated in the 3rd century BC, which in general terms, reflects the period of maximum commercialization of liquid goods from Sinope (wine and olive oil) in the northwestern and western Pontic region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cuadernos de Prehistoria y Arqueologia is the property of Cuadernos de Prehistoria y Arqueologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A postage stamp is principally used to demonstrate that postage has been paid. However, governments also use postage stamps to convey various messages to the world, and the message the stamp contains reaches many people. Therefore, postage stamps are frequently used to embrace and disseminate an idea or belief, to convey information to a target audience, or to announce or promote an event. Additionally, philately (or stamp collecting) remains a popular hobby. Stamp collectors, who consider stamps as works of art, meticulously collect, classify, and scrutinize the details linked to stamps. Philately also has deep ties to the Olympic games. Olympic postage stamps, which were first introduced to offer financial assistance in organizing the 1896 Athens Olympics, have also served the purpose of promoting the Olympics at the international level. Furthermore, the works of ancient Greek culture and art were admirably depicted on the first Olympic postage stamps. These stamps, which also contribute to the revival of the Olympics, have rich symbolic meanings behind their visuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article publishes a fragment of a stamped Roman mortarius, accidentally found during construction work in Kerch (antique Panticapaeum). Inspite of all the ordinariness of the stamp, this mark is a unique find for the European Bosporus. The recorded analogies of finds in Moesia and other parts of the Northern Black Sea region (Tyra, Olbia, Chersonessus) allow us to conclude, that mortarius is associated with the presence of Roman troops on the Bosporus in the late 2nd – early 3rd centuries AD.

Land surface deformation can severely damage socioeconomic living conditions around the world. This study aimed to identify the Shaziba landslide and further assess deformation activities in Enshi city. For this purpose, the sentinel-1 C-bands data acquired in ascending directions were processed with Sentinel Application Platform and Stanford Method for Persistent Scatterers (StaMPS) software packages. Our results revealed the location of a landslide that occurred on 21 July 2020 in the Shaziba area, Enshi Prefecture. More interesting deformation results were found in Enshi city for the first time with a deformation range from −51.6 to 54.2 mm/year. We conducted a thorough observation of different urban infrastructures such as commercial and residential buildings, roads, bridges, and airports in Enshi city and along the Qingjiang River to evaluate land surface deformation. Observations revealed that there are a number of influencing factors contributing to disturbing the natural environment and resources in Enshi Prefecture. Of these influencing factors, intensive rainfall is a major cause as are the infiltration of rainfall into the subsurface Silurian strata together with the load of infrastructure in the study area. If this issue is not addressed it could lead to devastating geo-hazard disasters in the future. Scientific approaches to determine various causes of frequent geo-hazards in this region are of great significance for developing early warning systems for disasters and ensuring the safety of residents’ lives and property.

Recently, structures, built on reclamation sites in the Eastern Black Sea region are quite remarkable. As one of them, Şenol Güneş Medical Park Arena Sport Complex, which is located in Akyazı town of Trabzon city, is one of the rare areas in Turkey. It is very important to monitor surface deformations on this type of unfamiliar and very expensive constructions for protecting human life and property and for taking necessary precautions in advance. Persistent Scatterer Interferometry (PSI), based on the analysis of time series of multiple Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data, is an invaluable geodetic tool to measure surface deformations. So, in this study, it is aimed to monitor the surface deformations on the reclamation site between the dates 20/12/2016–28/01/2020 by StaMPS (Stanford Method for Persistent Scatterers)-PSI technique using 96 Sentinel-1 SAR images. For processing, integration of European Space Agency (ESA) SentiNel Application Platform (SNAP) and StaMPS programs are used. After processing, surface deformations are determined as annual velocities (millimeter(mm)/year(y)) of PS points in the reclamation area along the line-of-sight (LOS) direction between the values −9.7 mm/y and 3.9 mm/y with an average standard deviation of 0.7 mm/y. From the results, it is understood that the area demonstrates very heterogeneous deformations rates, which occur on both horizontal and vertical directions because of the diversity and being on the reclamation site of the structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Land subsidence due to gas extraction in the Sarkhun gas field, 20 km northeast of Bandar Abbas, Iran, is investigated and evaluated in this study. For this purpose, the Stanford Method for Persistent Scatterers (StaMPS) package was employed to process 46 descending Sentinel-1A satellite images were collected between 20190111 to 20220309, and 28 ascending Sentinel-1A satellite images collected between 20200111 to 20220217 to extract the displacement along the line of sight of the satellite and due to the occurrence of an earthquake on November 14, 2021 near the gas field with a magnitude of 6.4 and 6.3 in Fin city of Hormozgan province, land surface deformation was measured in the two stages before and after the earthquake for each track to understanding the effect of the earthquake on the behavior of displacement in the study area, and the presence of subsidence in the Sarkhun gas field was seen in the results of the two tracks. The calculated subsidence results for two tracks, descending 166 and ascending 57, and for before and after the earthquake are: During the years 20190111 to 20211028 along the LOS for descending data until before the earthquake is between 6.8 and -9.1 mm per year and during the years 20190111 to 20220309, until after the earthquake is between 5.8 and - 7.2 mm per year. During the years 20200111 to 20211113 along the LOS for ascending data before the earthquake is between -23.4 and 12.9 mm per year and during the years 20200111 to 20220217, after the earthquake is -17.4 and 11.1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Land subsidence problems have become increasingly prominent. Traditional monitoring methods, such as level measurements, have high costs and low efficiency. Permanent scatterer interferometric synthetic aperture radar (PS-InSAR) has several advantages for land subsidence monitoring based on technological innovations. Aimed at resolving the key problems associated with PS-InSAR technology, the accuracy of three external digital elevations models (DEMs, namely, SRTM, ASTER GDEM, and PleiadesDEM) was analysed and compared. We found that the introduction of ground control points can significantly improve the elevation accuracy of DEMs. Herein, we introduce the specific processing steps and selection of the key parameters for IN-SAR data using the StaMPS software. We discuss the differences between IN-SAR technology and levelling measurements as well as the influence that the different external DEMs have on IN-SAR data. Based on 36 scenes of TerraSAR-X images, we obtained results for land deformation monitoring in Taiyuan City using PS-InSAR technology, which provided satisfactory monitoring results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A postage stamp is a piece of artwork which proficiently designed and printed and issued by a post office, postal administration, or other authorized vendors to customers who pay postage. (Glossary of Terms, 2017). Stamp design is perhaps the most interesting part of the stamp. It is one of the main reasons why stamps have been collected through the ages. Stamps have a monetary value and are produced only by security printers under very strict control. So the production methods include prepress stage, must be difficult to duplicate in order to prevent counterfeiting. Counterfeiting of security documents such as postage stamps is becoming now more than ever a serious problem, due to the availability of high-quality and low-priced color photocopiers and desktop publishing systems, (Isaac Amidror, 2002). This study aims to use new decorative designs supported with an overt security feature called "Guilloché", and another semi covert one called "Microprinting", in order to add aesthetic appeal to The Egyptian universities temporary graduation certificate Stamps, and in the same time, to contribute in securing those stamps against counterfeiting. This will contribute automatically in reducing the risks of the negative impact of the use of counterfeit stamps on the Egyptian economy. After experimental work study, the results have shown that using these innovative designs is a very important issue, especially when we talk about protecting the Egyptian universities and the nation rights from scammers and therefore the national income, so it was very important to make these innovative designs to be hard to reproduce to achieve the research goals.

Monitoring and determining landslides in dam reservoirs is very crucial as it is one of the main factors of dam failures in the world. Coruh river basin is one of the most important river basin in the Northeast part of Turkey which accompanies five big dams. Although persistent scatterer InSAR (PSInSAR) method is a powerful remote sensing technique which can measure and monitor displacements of the Earth's surface over time, its validation is a challenging issue because of the heterogeneous PS data. In this study, the efficiency of PSInSAR is investigated by proposing two different validation methods in order to see the consistency of the determined mean deformation velocities obtained with series of Sentinel-1A SAR-images. In the first method, 3D coordinates of reference points are projected to 1D displacement values in line of sight direction and then compared with the radar displacements of PS points. In the second method, new displacement values of PS points around reference points are identified from an interpolation map in order to be compared with the original displacements of reference points. In the end, it is showed that the displacements found by PSInSAR method are consistent with the reference points' displacements measured in the study area. Finally, this work's specific objectives are to present solutions to the challenging validation problem, to show the effectiveness of PSInSAR method and to describe the remaining challenges in PS analysis of landslide applications in dam areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the elevation changes for the island of Bhasan Char, located in the Bay of Bengal, which was selected for the relocation of around 100,000 refugees of the Rohingya minority which were forced to leave their homes in Myanmar. Eighty-nine Sentinel-1 products were analysed using persistent scatterer interferometry (PSI) beginning August 2016 through September 2019, divided into three periods of one year to reduce the impact of temporal decorrelation. The findings indicate that the island is a recent landform which underlies naturally induced surface changes with velocities of up to ±20 mm per year. Additional displacement is probably caused by heavy construction loads since early 2018, although we found no statistical evidence for this. The main built-up area shows stable behaviour during the analysed period, but there are significant changes along the coasts and artificial embankments of the island, and within one separate settlement in the north. The moist surface conditions and strong monsoonal rains complicated the proper retrieval of stable trends, but the sum of findings supports the assumption that the island underlies strong morphologic dynamics which put the people to be relocated at additional risk. Its suitability for construction has to be investigated in further studies.

This paper examines the five different Thule postal stamps which circulated from 1935 to 1936 between the trading post of Thule (which is the Danish name for the settlement of Uummannaq in Northwest Greenland, today Thule Air Base) and the Cape York post office in Copenhagen. The images on the stamps not only concentrate and visualize the complex colonial history between Greenland and Denmark. Instead, they also dynamize and preserve historical power relations by making them physically and visually tangible to this day. The stamps bear witness to infra-structures of cultural exchange, which were strongly controlled by the Danish side. They are often overlooked testimonies of everyday communication and mark colonial relations as ongoing and still powerful forces. What is more, the stamps provide their own agency as cultural-creating forces which sheds a new light to the history of Western modernization and its heritage.

The paper deals with the development of novel blockchain technology for certificate management system using cognitive image steganography techniques, in the sense, a secured approach of managing educational certificates using the blockchain and digital image steganography, providing an edge over existing systems is dealt with in greater detail. The provision for educational and governmental certificate authentication falls under the broad category of digital certificate issuance, authentication, and verification. Issuing certificates in this category can be difficult and time-consuming. Currently, existing systems for certificate management cannot guarantee data security and system trust. Using blockchain can solve this problem. This research is aimed to enhance the document verification process using blockchain technology and identify the security themes required for document verification in the blockchain. For the first time a survey of this type has been done where Blockchain and image steganography have been combined together to develop a complete backend infrastructure and the frontend application for the certificate management portal. With the proposed method PSNR & MSR of average 59 dB & 0.55 could be achieved. Exhaustive literature survey w.r. t. the recent development in the blockchain technology is also provided. The simulation results presented in the simulation results section shows the efficiency of the methodology that has been developed in the block chain field & thus has got an edge over the works done by other researchers in this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

İzmir, the third-largest city and economic center of Turkey, has been exposed to many natural disasters throughout its history. It is one of them in the 6.6 magnitude earthquake that last occurred on October 30, 2020. In this study, the PSInSAR technique was applied on 26 descending Sentinel-1 images between February 2020 and January 2021 to monitor the land change of the study area determined in Izmir. PSInSAR method was carried out with the SNAP-StaMPS integration, whose methodology is given below. The annual velocity values of the PS points produced in the study area in the direction of satellite view were found between – 68 and 32 mm/year. As a result of the study, it was observed that the most prominent surface change occurred in Çiğli and Karşıyaka districts. The points containing the speed information obtained from the PSInSAR result, PS points, and maps showing changes in the land were shared online to be used as auxiliary data in other studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Tyragetia is the property of National Museum of History of Moldova and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper examines five different Thule postal stamps which circulated from 1935 to 1936 between the trading post of Thule (the Danish name for the settlement of Uummannaq in Northwest Greenland, today Thule Air Base) and Copenhagen. The images on the stamps do not only concentrate on, and visualize, the complex colonial history between Greenland and Denmark - they also dynamize and preserve historical power relations by making them physically and visually tangible to this day. The stamps bear witness to infra-structures of cultural exchange, which were strongly controlled by the Danes. They are overlooked testimonies of everyday communication and mark colonial relations as ongoing and ever powerful forces. What is more, the stamps provide their own agency as cultural-creating entities and shed a new light on the history of Western modernization, polar heroic narrations, and their heritage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The authors present a small collection of Greek amphora stamps found during rescue excavations in ancient Callatis, on the territory of present Mangalia. The collection consists of 26 stamps, most of which are the stamps of Sinope – 8 specimens, 6 belong to the Thasian amphora production, 4 stamps belong to Akanthos, and Chersonesus, Rhodes and Paros are represented by one amphora stamp each. Five stamps were included in the group of uncertain. The chronological frames of this collection are from 330-340 BC to 250 BC. The fact that most of the stamps belong to the Sinope amphorae is proof of the influence of this Black Sea Greek center on trade with the Greek colonies of the North-Western Black Sea region and even with the local barbarian population. This is also confirmed by similar finds of stamps in such sites as Histria, Callatis, Albeşti, and Tyras. The collection, despite its small size, can be a good addition to earlier publications on the Callatis stamps, since these excavations took place on the territory of this ancient city.

Postal services became operational with the stamp application, which aims to prevent wages and wage evasion. Stamps were able to turn into an imaginary material in a short time with a number of different functional features beyond monetary value. Direct or indirect transmission of the visual message increases people's curiosity about stamps and makes stamps important objects. The stamp is among the documents that best reflect the independence, national values, history, economic development, beliefs, political attitudes, artistic and cultural aspects of a state. Stamps, which have a mission beyond being a communication tool, also attribute visuality to many qualified works in different fields. The aim of this study is to try to position the stamps, which take the standard mold as visual objects, in the status of valuable papers. Within the scope of the research, the definition of the stamp is included; the emergence, historical development, types, functions, today's practices and educational aspects are given. In addition, attributing financial value to stamps; The evolutionary process at the stage of misprinting, counterfeiting, forgery, collecting and evaluation as securities has been mentioned and suggestions have been made. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Burial-mound No. 8 in the necropolis of the Elizavetovskoye fortified settlement. The dates assigned to 14 amphorae found in the dromos are constantly argued over by scholars. When traditional methods of chronology are used, it emerges that some of the amphorae should be assigned to the 350s BC, and others to the 330s–320s BC. Recently N.F. Fedoseev attempted to explain this difference in dating of various stamps by stating that the two burials had been laid out in the burial-mound at different times and that, as a result, the amphorae had also been placed in the dromos at different times. Analysis of the assemblage of amphorae against a background of new sources has made it possible to assume with confidence that both burials in the burial-chamber of the Five Brothers' Burial-mound No. 8 had been of the same date and that this spectacular monument should be dated to the second half of the 350s BC or to the 350/340s BC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Picture postcards with image captions help determine the precise message of photographs. In view of that, they are considered valuable and informative historical documents depicting many aspects of our rich past and culture. Postcards were developed through the last decades of the 19th century. This study is dedicated to real photo postcards. This type of postcards began to be produced from the early 1900s. Collecting postcard was an international hobby in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, resulting in the existence of a large number of valuable postcard collections around the world. Accordingly, this research aims to study the historical and technical background of postcards and photography and how they relate to each other; to use this information in the dating of an unknown hand-colored photo postcard. This study will provide non-professionals with simple guidelines that will help them date their collections, particularly in regions where professional help is not always available. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most well-known inscriptions are monumental texts carved on stone. In this contribution, on the other hand, we focus on small, often informal texts scratched or stamped on rocks, metal surfaces and pottery. To this type of so-called ‘little epigraphy’ belong for instance graffiti, ostraca, weights and measures, curse tablets, etcetera. Although the texts themselves are usually very short, together they constitute a large corpus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the elevation changes for the island of Bhasan Char, located in the Bay of Bengal, which was selected for the relocation of around 100,000 refugees of the Rohingya minority which were forced to leave their homes in Myanmar. Eighty-nine Sentinel-1 products were analysed using persistent scatterer interferometry (PSI) beginning August 2016 through September 2019, divided into three periods of one year to reduce the impact of temporal decorrelation. The findings indicate that the island is a recent landform which underlies naturally induced surface changes with velocities of up to ±20 mm per year. Additional displacement is probably caused by heavy construction loads since early 2018, although we found no statistical evidence for this. The main built-up area shows stable behaviour during the analysed period, but there are significant changes along the coasts and artificial embankments of the island, and within one separate settlement in the north. The moist surface conditions and strong monsoonal rains complicated the proper retrieval of stable trends, but the sum of findings supports the assumption that the island underlies strong morphologic dynamics which put the people to be relocated at additional risk. Its suitability for construction has to be investigated in further studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]