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Objectives: The purpose of the research was to perform a stakeholder analysis for the Research and Development project of Mediprintic sp. z o.o. in order to confirm correctly identified parties for cooperation within the 1.1.2 PARP Start-up Platforms project. Methods: For the assessment of the selected stakeholders, the following tools were used: a tool to identify stakeholders and their interests, a tool to identify the importance and impact of stakeholders, a risk analysis for the undertaken activities of the project implementer with stakeholders together with the establishment of the necessary indicators to assess the achievement of the milestone. Results: From the research carried out, 14 key stakeholders for the success of the project were selected which are important for Mediprintic sp. z o.o. to be able to launch its product on the medical market. Conclussions: Completing a stakeholder analysis facilitates the decision-making process for management in order to prioritise the actions to be taken, taking into account the risks of cooperation with individual business partners.

Copyright of Journal of Modern Science is the property of Alcide De Gasperi University of Euroregional Economy and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Sustainable development of Agri-tourism is a solution for the optimal use of the tourism industry. But one of the main reasons for the non-implementation of development policies is the lack of necessary mechanisms to identify and analyze the many stakeholders that should be in a participatory process for sustainable management of Agri-tourism development. The present mixed study was conducted with the aim of analyzing the stakeholders of sustainable development of Agri-tourism in the west of Mazandaran Province. In order to identify these stakeholders, the stakeholders’ information was collected from experts in the field of agricultural tourism. After interviewing 17 of them and during four Delphi stages, 25 people were identified as stakeholders of sustainable development of Agri-tourism and using a semi-structured interview with two representatives of each stakeholder group (50 interviews in total), it was determined how to exercise the power of the stakeholders according to the type of their benefit. Based on the results, the main stakeholders in the sustainable development of agricultural tourism were mostly government organization, including the Agriculture Jihad Organization, Cultural Heritage Organization, Natural Resources and Watershed Management Organization and Environment Protection Organization, which in terms of five types of legal power, knowledge power, economic power, political power and social power were in a higher position. The proposed classification can be used to create capacity, promote participation and interaction among stakeholders according to the type of power and benefit in the process of sustainable development of Agri-tourism.

This study aims to analyze the efficiency level of the use of guitar input and the output acquisition in guitar production and to analyze the influence and interests of stakeholders in the guitar industry. This study used a mixed-method approach. The research object is guitar business units that conduct production process, in which many business units only perform the production process with subcontracts from collectors and large producers. Efficiency and stakeholder analysis were used to determine the level of business efficiency and mapping of stakeholders in the guitar cluster. The results show the efficiency level of the guitar business was low. In general, the guitar business had not been efficient in using input and producing output. The inputs that led to the insufficient business were the number of labors and labor costs, while the outputs that caused inefficient business are turnover and profit of the business unit. The cluster organization needed to be improved by involving various key stakeholders in the development of guitar clusters and maintaining the sustainability of the guitar business.

Sustainable development of Agri-tourism is a solution for the optimal use of the tourism industry. But one of the main reasons for the non-implementation of development policies is the lack of necessary mechanisms to identify and analyze the many stakeholders that should be in a participatory process for sustainable management of Agri-tourism development. The present mixed study was conducted with the aim of analyzing the stakeholders of sustainable development of Agri-tourism in the west of Mazandaran Province. In order to identify these stakeholders, the stakeholders' information was collected from experts in the field of agricultural tourism. After interviewing 17 of them and during four Delphi stages, 25 people were identified as stakeholders of sustainable development of Agri-tourism and using a semistructured interview with two representatives of each stakeholder group (50 interviews in total), it was determined how to exercise the power of the stakeholders according to the type of their benefit. Based on the results, the main stakeholders in the sustainable development of agricultural tourism were mostly government organization, including the Agriculture Jihad Organization, Cultural Heritage Organization, Natural Resources and Watershed Management Organization and Environment Protection Organization, which in terms of five types of legal power, knowledge power, economic power, political power and social power were in a higher position. The proposed classification can be used to create capacity, promote participation and interaction among stakeholders according to the type of power and benefit in the process of sustainable development of Agri-tourism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent years have seen unprecedented pressure from numerous water stakeholders with different interests in Lake Naivasha basin, the only freshwater lake in the Great Rift Valley of Kenya. The pressure on this water resource results in high competition over access to water source, unsustainable resources management practices, poor water quality, and emergence of conflicts between institutions and its users. Presently, there is a knowledge gap and paucity of information on water resources stakeholders' interactions in Lake Naivasha basin. This study, therefore, analyses the ways resource stakeholders interact and play in the conflict dynamic, and ultimately propose a better water resource use and management approaches. Drawing on field assessments, individual interviews, focus group discussion, and secondary literature reviews, this paper illustrates how both local, national and multi-national stakeholders interact and contribute to water resources conflicts. Results suggest unclear county and national institutional structures, fragmented land use activities and ownership, a feeling of marginalization by the local population contributing to resource-based conflict within the lake basin. A comprehensive policy framework and enforcement of existing regulations will ensure there is sustainable water access, reduce conflicts and enhance sustainable water resource governance and use of the lake. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rice issues are strategically important given that food sovereignty is one of the government's strategic plans. The supply chain of rice is a complex system involving many interacting stakeholders. This study aims to analyse the rice supply chain in flood-prone areas, the level of rice business vulnerability to flooding, and the institutional competitiveness in the rice supply chain to improve food security. This study applied a mixed-method approach. The population of this research was business operators in the rice supply chain in the flood-prone areas of Klaten Regency, Indonesia. This study utilized primary data, which were collected using the method of direct interviews with business actors, supported by a list of questions and focus group discussions. The analytical tools used in this study were supply chain analysis, business vulnerability index, and stakeholder analysis. The results show that the rice supply chain consisted of farmers and rice fellers, collectors, rice mills, wholesalers, retailers and, finally, consumers. The vulnerability of companies in the rice supply chain was in the category of moderate. Stakeholders in the rice supply chain had diverse objectives, where the two most substantial goals were building reputation and earning income. Rice mill, Department of Agriculture, Food Security and Fisheries, and community are the main stakeholders in realizing food security because they have high interests and influence. The implication is that these three stakeholders must be the main actors in the development of regional food security. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Project stakeholder management deals with managing and fulfilling stakeholder expec-tations and has tended to focus on the stakeholders of the organization or the project viewpoint. The thematic, spatial and temporal objects of the research were to analyze the stakeholders and projects portfolio determination based on key stakeholders of a public university in Iran in 2019. In first step, stakeholders are identified. There are 12 stakeholder groups involved the university under study. In the second step using the power/interest matrix, stakeholder categorization and positioning was performed. In the following, a mathematical model for optimizing the portfolio of projects was presented and solved. This model was developed to maximize college profit while simultaneously considering the expectations and the requirements of four key stakeholders - the board of trustees, faculty members, researchers and the Ministry of Science. These findings may mainly reflect the strategic decisions at the university.

Abstract Background Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a major public health challenge worldwide. Implementing policies to cope with this challenge requires commitment from all stakeholders at various levels, and all necessary resources should be mobilised. Support for various HCV-related stakeholders can reduce the challenges and obstacles that can be encountered during the programme implementation. The present study aims to identify all stakeholders involved with HCV-related policy-making in Iran at different steps (policy development, implementation and evaluation) and to characterise them in terms of interest, position, power and influence, in order to provide valuable information for appropriate decision-making and design. The present study can also serve as a case study for healthcare systems in other countries. Method An approach based on social network analysis was utilised. Data collected included relevant document searches and in-depth interviews to a sample of 18 key informants. Results Various stakeholders were found to be involved with HCV-related policies in Iran. The extent of their participation and support in policy-making varied. Specifically, international agencies had a high interest for HCV-related policy-making, whereas media and members of the private sector were characterised by a medium interest and governmental and non-governmental bodies by a highly variable interest, ranging from low to high, depending on the specific organism. Moreover, media and members of the private sector, non-governmental institutions and international agencies were rated low in terms of position, whereas governmental actors were rated low to high. Media were rated medium in terms of power, whereas international agencies and members of the private sector were respectively rated low to medium and low. Non-governmental actors were rated low, whilst governmental bodies were rated low to high. Finally, media, members of the private sector and international agencies were rated medium in terms of influence, whereas non-governmental and governmental actors were respectively rated low to medium and low to high. Conclusion Policy-making involves trust, negotiation and integration of the different views of all stakeholders. Social network analysis was critical for identifying stakeholders and showing that, in Iran, involvement in HCV-related policy-making is generally low. This information is of practical implication for policy- and decision-makers regarding the adoption of more favourable and effective strategies.

Citrus bacterial canker (CBC) is a known disease caused by Xanthomonas citri subsp citri, which affects many species and varieties of Rutaceae. It causes evident damage on the epigeal parts of plant (leaves and branches) and, in particular, on the fruits, causing their fall and/or deterioration, making them unsuitable for sale. EPPO has signaled its presence in many Asian countries and in the Middle East, in South and Central America and in some regions of the African continent, but not yet in Europe. There are several possible ways of introducing this pathogen into the Mediterranean Basin and, among these, there is the trade of plant material for propagation and planting and the flow of tourism between the risk areas and the Mediterranean countries. This research demonstrates how the risk of invasion through ornamental Rutaceae is evident and identifies - in a participatory way through the involvement of stakeholders - some possible tools of phytosanitary protection. The methodological approach, with multi-criteria analysis, recognizes the interest in forms of protection represented by voluntary certification tools, rather than the introduction of new taxation that can finance the protection system.

The paper concerns the role of the banking sector in renewable energy financing in Poland. The main goal of the paper is to provide recommendations for the banking sector in Poland, which can be used in the process of financing RES. The main methods used in the paper are the thorough analysis of the solutions used to finance RES in different countries and multivariate analysis of options presented on the ordinal scale. The first finding is the answer to the question of which financial instruments used by banks are the most effective in the financing of RES. It is based on the prepared ranking of different instruments used by banks in the process of renewable energy financing, by assessing the structure and value of required financing for renewable energy based on future scenarios. The second finding in the paper is the set of recommendations for the banking sector and policymakers as to financing renewable energy sources in Poland. The main conclusion is that renewable energy financing through the instruments available in the banking sector is efficient and is characterized by relatively low risk.

• Public health professionals in China evaluated the roll-out of the hepatitis E vaccine. • Participants provided feedback on different institutions and feasible goals. • Medical doctors and the government had limited knowledge of hepatitis E. • The public sector was a trusted source of information. • Recommendations for promotion of the vaccine in the future are provided. A hepatitis E (HepE) vaccine was developed and released in China in 2011. Uptake is currently very limited. The aims of this study were to characterize what public health professionals thought about promoting the HepE vaccine in Shanghai, China, and to develop realistic goals for the HepE vaccine based on this information. Public health professionals from Shanghai and other jurisdictions of China were contacted to participate in in-depth qualitative interviews between October 2017 and August 2018. Participants were asked about their perception of the HepE vaccine roll-out. Codes were initially based on the structure of the questionnaire. Subsequently, similar ideas were further developed into themes based on what was present in the transcript data. Thirty-five individuals participated. Major topics of discussion included (1) clarifying the roles and responsibilities of private and public institutions in promoting and marketing the HepE vaccine, (2) identifying what methods of promotion were most efficient, and, (3) endeavoring to formulate a reasonable and realistic goal, if any, for HepE prevention and control in China. Participants emphasized that public sector sources can be trusted sources of information (although the private vaccination company can also be useful in disseminating information) and social media such as WeChat can be good ways to disseminate articles (although netizens may be worried about the spread of fake news). Vaccine promotion is restrained given limited levels of knowledge in the government, hospitals, and public health vaccination centers. Successful promotion and use of this vaccine in China, even in limited settings (for instance, certain workplaces, or certain groups) could provide additional information on long-term safety and could promote its adoption in other regions of the world where HepE has high morbidity among pregnant women and other populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights • A mixed methods research approach for sustainability assessment is proposed. • A real case concerning the regeneration of an urban area in Hong Kong is considered. • Alternative design strategies are compared through a multi-methodological evaluation. • Questionnaires for collecting the opinions of experts and stakeholders are developed. • Guidelines and recommendations for a shared solution are suggested. Abstract Large-scale urban regeneration is usually characterized by a complex decision environment in which several different stakeholders are expected to agree on a shared strategy. Contrasting interests, different values and diverse objectives make the issue particularly appropriate to be inquired throughout multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA). This paper elects the Asian context as a case study to apply a multi-methodological evaluation approach aimed at defining a regeneration strategy with respect to actors' preferences. The Kwun Tong area (earlier industrial site in Hong Kong) represents the focus of the research where a combination of the following techniques has been used: context investigation, stakeholders analysis, scenario building, social multicriteria analysis through the Novel Approach to Imprecise Assessment and Decision Environments (NAIADE) method and Multi-Attribute Value Theory (MAVT). The aim is to demonstrate the complex role played by evaluation activities within a design process aimed at finding balanced regeneration scenarios with respect to the needs of most of the parties involved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Environmental sustainability, defined as the responsibility to protect the global ecosystem in a holistic way, has become an integral factor of city strategies. Designing and implementing environment-friendly solutions to make the standard of living in cities better is indispensable for present and future generations. This article’s main objective is to identify the most environmentally friendly urban logistics measures from the perspective of urban transport system stakeholders. A multi-method approach was implemented to achieve the article’s main findings. Firstly, the literature review provided the basics for designing the research framework. Then, a three-layer methodological approach was used: The first layer included designing and carrying out the case study approach; the second layer comprised a Delphi study involving interviews with urban logistics stakeholders; and the third layer included analyzing the voices of Delphi interviewees to assess which urban logistics measures are the most important for them. The study provides an initial insight into the opinions of stakeholders for a general audience, but at the same time, also presents specific, detailed views of Tricity urban space users and decision-makers. Significant differences in opinions were observed and confirmed in the interviewed group. This study can contribute to the scientific discussion about the stakeholders’ analysis of urban logistics goals.

In the modern world overcoming the problems of soil erosion and the transition to the sustainable use of land, especially land involved in agricultural production, is impossible without the broad involvement of all interested and stakeholding parties in solving these problems. Dialogue with stakeholders is a key element of effective management at individual farm and state levels. Currently in Ukraine, there is considerable scope and need for significant improvements in this area as only a small number of companies (industrial, commercial) involved in the agricultural sector have developed stakeholder engagement tools, and only one is actively involved in dialogue with stakeholders. This paper presents research focusing on the village of Pishcha in Volyn region, Ukraine. It examines the theoretical and methodological aspects of: identifying key stakeholders, determining their interests (explicit and implicit) and the possible impact of these on the project; project preparation and implementation; the identification of apparent or potential conflicts between the interests of different stakeholders, and the possibility of reconciling these interests and establishing constructive relationships between them; the forms of participation appropriate to each of the stakeholders at each stage of the project cycle; and, the possibilities for the monitoring and evaluation processes, especially participatory methods that look to involve interested parties. The paper also sets out a provisional budget (facilitation needed, personnel and staffing required) for and discusses the feasibility of the implementation of the engagement process of stakeholders for the promotion and roll out of promising options for the sustainable use of land in danger of wind erosion in Ukraine.

This paper reports on a 360 degree stakeholder analysis for the study and design of a study material recommender system at Institute of Management Sciences, Peshawar, Pakistan. During the survey we collected data from 300 students, 50 teachers and the librarian regarding the preferences towards study material recommender systems within the institute. Different than traditional study material recommender systems, we aim to provide a recommender system that enables the user to control on the outcomes of recommender system to accuracy until serendipitous recommendations. By doing so, we aim to empower the students and enable them to interact and control the provided recommendations in light of their respective needs. To further understand the user control needs of the stakeholders, we explicitly asked about user control aspects for the planned study material recommender system. We learned that there is strong need among all three stakeholder groups for user control of recommender systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of most important aspects for international development projects management is to identify critical success factors. However, success perception or failure depends on who observes project management and its results achieved. Therefore, to adequately define these factors we must make an analysis from stakeholders perspective. This research analyzes these perceptions about critical success factors in project management such as objectives achievement, success perception, expectations satisfaction and participation levels of target population. From project team perception, main success factors are related to ability to achieve objectives and empower target population. For target population, in addition to their empowerment, most important success factors are improvement of their life quality and their participation levels in project management. However, this research shows that target population participation is less valued by project teams than they recognize. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses on an integrated multi-methodological evaluation process; it aimed at supporting public administrators in developing alternative strategies for intervention in urban planning and urban regeneration processes that focus on abandoned urban areas located in a central position. In order to transform crisis areas into areas with new opportunities, starting with their redevelopment and enhancement, the article proposes a selection of evaluation tools that can support and steer the decision maker's choice of alternative scenarios for intervention. For this purpose, the contribution develops an integrated system of evaluation methodologies for decision-making support, which includes different components and a plurality of points of view, even of conflicting types, providing a more transparent description of the decision-making process. The methodological approach was applied to a pilot case study that concerned the choice of priority intervention between two abandoned and blighted areas located in the central area of the city of Reggio Calabria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article is dedicated to the modelling of a new project evaluation systems based on knowledge. Author suggests possible direction of project evaluation systems development. This enabled the application of data mining algorithms for discovering patterns in data sets. The concept of a new evaluation system based on knowledge is synthetically discussed. The example of using association rule base for analysis of project stakeholders surveys is also presented.

This article attempts to make a bibliography on works about the stakeholder analysis and identify possible research topics in tourism. The survey was conducted in January 2010, using the base of science web of references, organized according to their impact factor of publication, focusing on the theme stakeholder analysis, which found 1,296 articles from 200 of these were selected most relevant (by impact factor), which was made a preliminary analysis of its contents and addressed effectively separated those theoretical aspects of stakeholder analysis, making a list of 51 articles. In relation to its central theme, rose: Environment (13) Social Networking (8), Decision Making, (9) Public Policy (6), Project Management (4) and Literature Review (11). Predominates in these articles the qualitative approach with 42 (82%). There is growing interest on the use of thematic analysis of stakeholders, from 2005 the frequency of publication of these articles have been stepped up (39 articles), demonstrating the potential and maturity of the theory. He also noted that there are different theoretical approaches to stakeholder analysis that can be exploited in research on tourism, and found five articles addressing the topic.

To ensure the continuity and growth of space activities in Brazil, it is fundamental to persuade the Brazilian society and its representatives in Government about the importance of investments in space activities. Also, it is important to convince talented professionals to place space activities as an object of their interest; the best schools should also be convinced to offer courses related to the space sector; finally, innovative companies should be convinced to take part in space sector activities, looking to returns, mainly in terms of market differentiation and qualification, as a path to take part in high-technology and high-complexity projects. On the one hand, this process of convincing or, more importantly, committing these actors to space activities, implies a thorough understanding of their expectations and needs, in order to plan how the system/organization can meet them. On the other hand, if stakeholders understand how much they can benefit from this relationship, their consequent commitment will very much strengthen the action of the system/organization. With this framework in perspective, this paper proposes a methodology of stakeholder analysis for the Brazilian satellite space program. In the exercise developed in the article, stakeholders have been identified from a study of the legal framework of the Brazilian space program. Subsequently, the proposed methodology has been applied to the planning of actions by a public organization.

River basin planning and management constitute complex decision problems, characterized by many actors and stakeholders with conflicting objectives and values, ranging from the protection of local flora and fauna and the enhancement of the recreational value of the river, to the preservation of the water resources for industrial purposes and human activities. In the light of the aforementioned complexity, specific evaluation methods are needed for supporting decision-making processes in this context. The present paper proposes an evaluation approach based on the combined use of two different evaluation techniques, the Spatial Multicriteria Evaluation and the stakeholders analysis, for supporting the definition of policies and actions for a river basin. In particular, alternative predictive scenarios are generated through the Ordered Weighted Average method in order to explore different solutions. Starting from the Pellice river basin (Italy), the study presents the results of the integrated evaluation approach, focusing on the potentialities of the methodology for supporting the definition of future policies and plans for the area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses on an integrated multi-methodological evaluation process; it aimed at supporting public administrators in developing alternative strategies for intervention in urban planning and urban regeneration processes that focus on abandoned urban areas located in a central position. In order to transform crisis areas into areas with new opportunities, starting with their redevelopment and enhancement, the article proposes a selection of evaluation tools that can support and steer the decision maker’s choice of alternative scenarios for intervention. For this purpose, the contribution develops an integrated system of evaluation methodologies for decision-making support, which includes different components and a plurality of points of view, even of conflicting types, providing a more transparent description of the decision-making process. The methodological approach was applied to a pilot case study that concerned the choice of priority intervention between two abandoned and blighted areas located in the central area of the city of Reggio Calabria.

Purpose The aim of this study is to develop the concept of a leisure aids(Tricycle tandem) rental service for elderly. Due to the aging of the global population, the number of devices and services for the leisure of the elderly has increased. Leisure activities have a positive physical, emotional, and social impact on the elderly (Lee et al., 2020), and the development and support of related services are more important because the content and quality of leisure activities have a greater impact on life satisfaction than other age groups (Choi, 2021; McGuire et al., 2009). Method In this study, in order to develop the concept of a rental service for leisure support aids for the elderly, a new existing rental service scenario and blue print were developed through analysis of similar rental services and stakeholder surveys. The existing service survey was analyzed focusing on the Seoul Tourism Organization's 'Travel Aid Rental Service'. In addition, stakeholder research was conducted through elderly group interviews (N = 15), related literature, and expert interviews. Results and Discussion The main touch points of the customer journey map of the elderly leisure support assistance device rental service were defined as follows. It was defined as the (1)preparation stage and (2) rental, (3) use and return, (4) maintenance stage, and detailed touch points were defined in each main touch point. Existing service blueprint (as-is) was derived based on the results of the survey on 'information acquisition method', 'service utilization plan', and 'preferred place for service utilization'. Considering the requirements of the elderly, the existing service problems in the 'use and return stage' and the 'maintenance stage' were supplemented and improved, and a new service blueprint to be derived as [Figure 1]. The improvements and supplements in the new service blue print are summarized as follows. (a) User's direct information acquisition service, (b) direct rental service at amusement parks or tourist attractions, (c) same-day use and return (amusement parks, tourist attractions), (d) maintenance service supplementation. In order to improve the accessibility of the elderly, who are the main users of the service, more diverse options have been added from the existing usage methods through websites and SNS. Conclusion In this study, existing service analysis and elderly needs were researched. In addition, through contextual analysis based on stakeholder surveys, a new service blue print (to-be) supplemented with the existing service blue print (as is) was derived and the service concept was developed. This study is expected to be used as a reference for the development of devices and services to satisfy the elderly's leisure activities and expand welfare services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The farm can be considered as the decision unit in the agricultural land management, therefore it is the most suitable scale to analyse the farmers’ strategies of production. In this paper we describe the results of a comparison between two enquiries carried out in 1992-93 and 2009-10 on more than 30 farms, corresponding to about 1500 ha of utilised agricultural area (UAA), within the boundaries of the San Rossore, Migliarino, Massaciuccoli Regional Park (central-western Italy). We calculate a set of agri-environmental indicators both at territory and farm scale in order to point out the changes occurred over almost twenty years in the farms’ structure, management and production features. The results showed that the major differences were related to fertilisers management (clearly decreasing), to the reduction of some crop types (industrial crops) and to the strong decrease of the gross marketable production. Furthermore, apparently stable indicators, such as the utilised agricultural area and the farm tractors’ power, were actually the result of the compensation of contrasting trends. Farmers’ behaviours were substantially homogeneous within the same typology of farm, highlighting common evolution strategies. The desirability of the occurred changes was also evaluated, underlining the improvement of environmental sustainability of the current cropping systems and a greater social acceptability of agricultural activities, while the evaluation from the farmers’ point of view was less satisfactory.

Abstract: The current debate in the U.S. Human Spaceflight Program focuses on the development of the next generation of man-rated heavy lift launch vehicles. While launch vehicle systems are of critical importance for future exploration, a comprehensive analysis of the entire exploration infrastructure is required to avoid costly pitfalls at early stages of the design process. This paper addresses this need by presenting a Delphi-Based Systems Architecting Framework for integrated architectural analysis of future in-orbit infrastructure for human space exploration beyond Low Earth Orbit. The paper is structured in two parts. The first part consists of an expert elicitation study to identify objectives for the in-space transportation infrastructure. The study was conducted between November 2011 and January 2012 with 15 senior experts involved in human spaceflight in the United States and Europe. The elicitation study included the formation of three expert panels representing exploration, science, and policy stakeholders engaged in a 3-round Delphi study. The rationale behind the Delphi approach, as imported from social science research, is discussed. Finally, a novel version of the Delphi method is presented and applied to technical decision-making and systems architecting in the context of human space exploration. The second part of the paper describes a tradespace exploration study of in-orbit infrastructure coupled with a requirements definition exercise informed by expert elicitation. The uncertainties associated with technical requirements and stakeholder goals are explicitly considered in the analysis. The outcome of the expert elicitation process portrays an integrated view of perceived stakeholder needs within the human spaceflight community. Needs are subsequently converted into requirements and coupled to the system architectures of interest to analyze the correlation between exploration, science, and policy goals. Pareto analysis is used to identify architectures of interest for further consideration by decision-makers. The paper closes with a summary of insights and develops a strategy for evolutionary development of the exploration infrastructure of the incoming decades. The most important result produced by this analysis is the identification of a critical irreducible ambiguity undermining value delivery for the in-space transportation infrastructure of the next three decades: destination choice. Consensus on destination is far from being reached by the community at large, with particular reference to exploration and policy stakeholders. The realization of this ambiguity is a call for NASA to promote an open forum on this topic, and to develop a strong case for policy makers to incentivize investments in the human spaceflight industry in the next decades. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Copyright of Ager: Journal of Depopulation & Rural Development Studies / Revista de Estudios sobre Despoblación y Desarrollo Rural is the property of Rolde de Estudios Aragoneses and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Estudios y Perspectivas en Turismo is the property of Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios Turisticos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)