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Background: Stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD) represents a significant global health burden, accounting for a considerable proportion of cancer-related mortalities, and NUAK1, a protein kinase, plays a crucial role in cellular metabolism, cell cycle regulation, migration, and tumor progression. However, its relationship with prognosis and immune infiltration in STAD has not been thoroughly investigated. Methods: RNA sequencing data from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Genotypic Tissue Expression Project (GTEx) databases were employed to assess disparities in NUAK1 expression between STAD tumour and normal tissues. Additionally, we investigated the correlation between NUAK1 expression and patient prognosis, in addition to the level of immune cell infiltration. The potential functions were elucidated through an examination of the Gene Ontology (GO) Encyclopedia, the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), and an enrichment analysis (GSEA). The GeneMANIA was used to validate the functions of nuak1-related genes. Results: Our analysis demonstrated that NUAK1 expression in tumour tissues exhibited a notable disparity from that observed in normal tissues, with elevated levels detected in STAD tissues. We used the GeneMANIA database to identify functionally similar genes with significantly higher expression for some genes in the unpaired group samples. An elevated NUAK1 expression level was found to correlate with a poorer overall survival (OS), disease-specific survival (DSS), and progression-free intervals (PFI). Additionally, immune infiltration analysis indicated a significant positive correlation between NUAK1 expression and various tumor-infiltrating immune cells, while a negative correlation was observed with T helper cell 17(Th17) cells. Furthermore, enrichment analysis was conducted to identify relevant biological features and pathways. Conclusion: The expression levels of NUAK1 are significantly increased in STAD, and this heightened expression correlates with diminished OS, DSS, and PFI among affected patients. These observations indicate that NUAK1 has the potential to function as a prognostic biomarker for STAD and may represent a viable therapeutic target for intervention in its management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research has shown that both learners and teachers struggle to understand and teach geometric transformations meaningfully. This mixed-methods case study examined the efficacy of the Student Teams Achievement Division (STAD) cooperative learning model in fostering learners' conceptual understanding of geometric transformations. This study involved 28 Grade 12 learners from one intact class. In addition to pre- and post-intervention tests, which measured learners' conceptual understanding of geometric transformations, participants completed a feedback questionnaire at the end of the intervention. The results show that the STAD model significantly improved learners' grasp of geometric transformations, as demonstrated by higher test scores in the post-test. Participants also highlighted the importance of well-crafted questions during group discussions and oral quizzes, teacher explanations during whole-class presentations, and the motivational impact of criteria for selecting and awarding top-performing groups. Based on Shapiro's intervention evaluation criteria, the STAD model was found to be effective, with high levels of acceptability, integrity, and social validity. While this study confirms the STAD model's effectiveness in enhancing conceptual understanding and social learning, it also emphasizes the importance of considering contextual factors, such as group dynamics and classroom resource availability, when implementing this cooperative learning model. Teachers are encouraged to tailor this learning strategy to their specific classroom environments and learners' needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hailun Xie,1,* Lishuang Wei,1,* Guotian Ruan,2– 5 Heyang Zhang,2– 5 Hanping Shi1 1Department of Gastrointestinal and Gland Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China; 3National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China; 4Key Laboratory of Cancer FSMP for State Market Regulation, Beijing, People’s Republic of China; 5Laboratory for Clinical Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Hanping Shi, Department of Gastrointestinal and Gland Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China, Email shihp@ccmu.edu.cnPurpose: Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a central factor linking inflammation to cancer. This study aimed to provide a comprehensive assessment of the prognostic value of IL-6 and its immunotherapeutic features using a population-based pan-cancer analysis and comprehensive bioinformatic analysis.Patients and Methods: In the cohort study, 540 patients were included to explore the prognostic value of serum IL-6 levels in cancer. The differential expression of IL-6 and its association with survival and immune cell infiltration were investigated using the TCGA database. The SangerBox database was used to analyze the correlation between IL-6 expression and immune checkpoint (ICP), tumor mutation burden (TMB), and microsatellite instability (MSI) in cancer. Genomic changes in the IL-6 levels were studied using the c-BioPortal database. The IL-6 co-expression network was analyzed using the LinkedOmics database.Results: Serum IL-6 is an independent prognostic factor for cancer, especially gastrointestinal cancers. Compared to other serum inflammatory markers, serum IL-6 is an optimal biomarker for cancer prognosis. A comprehensive bioinformatics analysis showed higher IL-6 expression in human cancers than in the paired normal tissues. The IL-6 expression is closely associated with prognosis, ICP, TMB, and MSI. In addition, it is also strongly correlated with tumor-infiltrating cells. IL-6 levels are significantly associated with the prognosis of stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD). The IL-6 co-expression network in STAD is mainly involved in regulating inflammatory pathways and cell communication.Conclusion: IL-6 is a potential prognostic and immune biomarker of cancer. Compared to other clinical inflammatory biomarkers, IL-6 demonstrates superior prognostic efficacy.Keywords: Interleukin-6, Prognostic marker, Bioinformatic analysis, STAD

Abstract Background Stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD) represents a significant global health burden, accounting for a considerable proportion of cancer-related mortalities, and NUAK1, a protein kinase, plays a crucial role in cellular metabolism, cell cycle regulation, migration, and tumor progression. However, its relationship with prognosis and immune infiltration in STAD has not been thoroughly investigated. Methods RNA sequencing data from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Genotypic Tissue Expression Project (GTEx) databases were employed to assess disparities in NUAK1 expression between STAD tumour and normal tissues. Additionally, we investigated the correlation between NUAK1 expression and patient prognosis, in addition to the level of immune cell infiltration. The potential functions were elucidated through an examination of the Gene Ontology (GO) Encyclopedia, the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), and an enrichment analysis (GSEA). The GeneMANIA was used to validate the functions of nuak1-related genes. Results Our analysis demonstrated that NUAK1 expression in tumour tissues exhibited a notable disparity from that observed in normal tissues, with elevated levels detected in STAD tissues. We used the GeneMANIA database to identify functionally similar genes with significantly higher expression for some genes in the unpaired group samples. An elevated NUAK1 expression level was found to correlate with a poorer overall survival (OS), disease-specific survival (DSS), and progression-free intervals (PFI). Additionally, immune infiltration analysis indicated a significant positive correlation between NUAK1 expression and various tumor-infiltrating immune cells, while a negative correlation was observed with T helper cell 17(Th17) cells. Furthermore, enrichment analysis was conducted to identify relevant biological features and pathways. Conclusion The expression levels of NUAK1 are significantly increased in STAD, and this heightened expression correlates with diminished OS, DSS, and PFI among affected patients. These observations indicate that NUAK1 has the potential to function as a prognostic biomarker for STAD and may represent a viable therapeutic target for intervention in its management.

Copyright of Retos: Nuevas Perspectivas de Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación is the property of Federacion Espanola de Asociaciones de Docentes de Educacion Fisica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this study, glass-carbon hybrid fibre reinforced polymer matrix composite is proposed to use in solar greenhouse dryer trays. The effects of hybridization on compressive instability failure are analysed by varying the glass fiber volume percentage in a composite. The study examines the compressive instability failure of the composite, considering the non-linear constitutive behaviour of the polymer matrix and initial morphological defects. Each glass and carbon fiber is modelled using 3D finite element micromechanical models. Linear buckling analysis is conducted with appropriately scaled faults. The Thermal analysis to determine heat distribution over the tray, carried out using COMSOL Multiphysics tool, solar greenhouse dryers are used to dehydrate agricultural products, preserving them for longer periods and improving their market value. The materials used in these dryer trays must meet specific performance criteria to ensure optimal drying conditions. In Greenhouse solar dryers, two commonly used tray configurations such as Stable Tray-Assisted Dryer (STAD) and Rotatable Tray-Assisted Dryer (RTAD) are considered in this study and the glass-carbon hybrid composite used in solar greenhouse dryer trays Introduced as Hybrid composite Rotatable Tray-Assisted Dryer (HRTAD), offers significant contributions by ensuring uniform and effective moisture removal and their excellent strength-to-weight ratio, corrosion resistance, heat resistance, sustainability, and long life. These properties make them a dependable and effective solution for building solar dryer components, assuring optimal performance and contributing to the overall success of solar greenhouse systems. Hybrid glass fiber composites offer several advantages that make them particularly suitable for this application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 21st-century learning, collaborative skills are essential for effective education. Collaboration inherently leads to improved student learning outcomes. To enhance collaboration and learning results, appropriate instructional models are necessary. This study aims to improve collaboration and learning outcomes in the subject of IPAS for fourth-grade students using the STAD (Student Teams Achievement Division) cooperative learning model. The subjects were 27 students from grade IV at SD Muhammadiyah 23 Semanggi, Surakarta, comprising 17 males and 10 females. The research employed the Classroom Action Research (CAR) method, conducted over two cycles, involving planning, implementation, observation, and reflection in each cycle. Data were collected through observation sheets on the learning process, cooperation, and tests. Quantitative descriptive analysis was applied to the data. Results indicate a notable improvement in student collaboration, rising from 70.36% in Cycle I to 82.03% in Cycle II, reflecting an 11.67% increase. Learning outcomes also improved significantly, with pre-cycle average scores at 56.30 and only 14.81% of students achieving proficiency. By Cycle I, the average score increased to 76.30, with 66.67% of students achieving proficiency. In Cycle II, the average score further rose to 82.96, with 81.48% of students achieving proficiency. Based on the data analysis, it can be concluded that the implementation of the STAD cooperative learning model enbances both collaboration and learning outcomes in IPAS for fourth-grade students in elementary school.

Kui Kang,1 Ying Wang,2 Bo Zhang,1 Zhengxing Xie,1 Sheng Qing,1 Yanan Di1 1Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Aerospace General Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Endocrinology, Air Force Specialty Medical Center, Beijing, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Yanan Di, Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Aerospace General Hospital, 7 Wanyuan North Road, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100076, People’s Republic of China, Email diyanan4658@sina.comBackground: The biological function and prognostic significance of endothelial cell specific molecule 1 (ESM1) in various cancers have been validated. This study aimed to explore the expression and clinical diagnosis values in patients with stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD) and esophageal carcinoma (ESCA).Methods: Online database Gene Expression Omnibus was used to screen for abnormally expressed genes in STAD and ESCA. Besides, 36 STAD and 36 ESCA patients were enrolled, and their corresponding control groups were also 36 people each. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blot were performed to analyze the expression of ESM1. Overall survival (OS) curve and receiver operating characteristics curve (ROC) analysis were used to assess the prognosis, and the sensitivity and specificity of ESM1 for the diagnosis of STAD and ESCA, respectively. Additionally, the effects of ESM1 on cell viability, migration, and invasion were analyzed by cell counting kit-8, transwell migration and invasion assays.Results: The results showed that the poor OS of STAD and ESCA patients was correlated with high ESM1. Besides, ESM1 was increased in ESCA and STAD in in vivo and in vitro studies. ESM1 has a high accuracy [area under the curve (AUC) > 0.79] at stage I and IV of STAD and ESCA. Knockdown of ESM1 suppressed the cell viability, migration, and invasion and increased the apoptosis rate of AGS and TE1 cells.Conclusion: Our study suggested that ESM1 might be used as a new indicator for the diagnosis and prognosis of early and advanced stage digestive tract cancers.Keywords: STAD, ESCA, ESM1, ROC, diagnosis, prognosis

Traditional pedagogy is often critiqued for conventional teaching methods that prevent students from developing their problem-solving skills. Therefore, this study focused on investigating the effect of a STAD approach on the problemsolving skills of secondary level students in physics. Quasi Experiment was conducted to compare the STAD method (experimental group) with traditional teaching methods (control group). Experiment was performed in a selected school having at least two sections of tenth grade. There were 30 students in each section and sections were randomly assigned as experimental and control groups. A test constructed by researchers was used to measure problem-solving skills before and after the experiment. Materials such as work sheets, lesson plans, quizzes, and rewarding certificates were designed to implement STAD methodology in the physics classroom. The dependent variable, physics problem-solving skills, was measured using researcher constructed ten items test consisted of physics numerical. The same tool was used as both pre and post measurement of problem-solving skills. The statistics indicated that the students taught through STAD improved their problem-solving skills in numerical problems of physics compared to those who were taught through traditional method. Additionally, post-test performance of students in groups was significantly different and experimental group outperformed the control group in problem-solving skills. This study demonstrated that the STAD is an effective teaching strategy for enhancing problem-solving skills of students at secondary level while using content of physics numerical. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University Journal of Faculty of Education / Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi is the property of Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University Journal of Faculty of Education and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The document discusses the importance of interagency collaboration (IAC) in Nordic countries to address complex societal challenges, particularly in areas like healthcare, social welfare, education, and law enforcement. Examples include Denmark's SSP model, Sweden's STAD effort, Norway's KoRus system, Finland's A-Clinic Foundation, and Iceland's multi-agency approach to reducing substance abuse among teenagers. Challenges include communication, coordination, data sharing, and resource allocation among agencies with different mandates and operating procedures. The document also explores the entanglements between gambling, digital gaming, substance use, and addiction-related issues in the Nordic context. [Extracted from the article]

Research has shown that both learners and teachers struggle to understand and teach geometric transformations meaningfully. This mixed-methods case study examined the efficacy of the Student Teams Achievement Division (STAD) cooperative learning model in fostering learners’ conceptual understanding of geometric transformations. This study involved 28 Grade 12 learners from one intact class. In addition to pre- and post-intervention tests, which measured learners’ conceptual understanding of geometric transformations, participants completed a feedback questionnaire at the end of the intervention. The results show that the STAD model significantly improved learners’ grasp of geometric transformations, as demonstrated by higher test scores in the post-test. Participants also highlighted the importance of well-crafted questions during group discussions and oral quizzes, teacher explanations during whole-class presentations, and the motivational impact of criteria for selecting and awarding top-performing groups. Based on Shapiro’s intervention evaluation criteria, the STAD model was found to be effective, with high levels of acceptability, integrity, and social validity. While this study confirms the STAD model’s effectiveness in enhancing conceptual understanding and social learning, it also emphasizes the importance of considering contextual factors, such as group dynamics and classroom resource availability, when implementing this cooperative learning model. Teachers are encouraged to tailor this learning strategy to their specific classroom environments and learners’ needs.

This research is motivated by the low motivation to learn English among students in class VIII of SMP Negeri 3 Talang, so it is necessary to increase their motivation. The formulation of the research problem is how students' learning motivation is in learning narrative text using the STAD type cooperative model in Class VIII at SMP Negeri 3 Talang. The aim of this research is to determine students' learning motivation in learning narrative text using the STAD type cooperative model in Class VIII at SMP Negeri 3 Talang. The literature review discussed includes STAD type cooperative learning and learning motivation. This research took place at SMP Negeri 3 Talang, Tegal Regency, which was carried out from July 2023 to December 2023. The research population was 251 students in class VIII of SMP Negeri 3 2023/2024. Samples were taken using cluster random sampling, samples were obtained from classes VIIIA and VIII C as the experimental class, class B and class VIIID as the control one. Data collection is carried out through questionnaires and documentation. Data analysis used the ANOVA test. The research results show that there is a significant difference in student learning motivation in narrative text learning that uses the STAD type cooperative model and those that do not in Class VIII at SMP Negeri 3 Talang. The percentage of learning motivation with STAD learning was 81.93% with very good criteria, while learning motivation without STAD learning was 78.86% with good criteria. This shows that students' learning motivation in learning narrative text using the STAD type cooperative model in Class VIII at SMP Negeri 3 Talang is better than without using STAD learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study sought to ascertain whether the student teams-achievement division (STAD) model of cooperative learning is effective in fostering students' mathematical reasoning. Using the cluster random sampling technique, 301 eleventh-grade students between the ages of 14 and 20 were chosen from six public secondary schools within one district in Zambia. Students were given tasks on quadratic equations and functions both before and after the intervention. A robust analysis of the covariance test revealed that students' mathematical reasoning abilities were significantly higher for the group that received instruction using the STAD approach than for the group that was taught using conventional methods of instruction at each of the five design points where regression slopes were comparable. A Chi-square test of independence further revealed that the STAD learning approach was associated with a greater proportion of students who demonstrated an appropriate degree of mathematical reasoning ability for each of the three indicators (conjecturing, justifying, and mathematizing). These results demonstrate that enhancing students' mathematical reasoning abilities through the integration of classroom activities that engage students intellectually, physically, and socially is beneficial. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BackgroundCancers arise from genetic and epigenetic abnormalities that affect oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes, compounded by gene mutations. The N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA modification, regulated by methylation regulators, has been implicated in tumor proliferation, differentiation, tumorigenesis, invasion, and metastasis. However, the role of m6A modification patterns in the tumor microenvironment of gastric cancer (GC) remains poorly understood.Materials and methodsIn this study, we analyzed m6A modification patterns in 267 GC samples utilizing 31 m6A regulators. Using consensus clustering, we identified two unique subgroups of GC. Patients with GC were segregated into high- and low-infiltration cohorts to evaluate the infiltration proportions of the five prognostically significant immune cell types. Leveraging the differential genes in GC, we identified a “green” module via Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis. A risk prediction model was established using the LASSO regression method.ResultsThe “green” module was connected to both the m6A RNA methylation cluster and immune infiltration patterns. Based on “Module Membership” and “Gene Significance”, 37 hub genes were identified, and a risk prediction model incorporating nine hub genes was established. Furthermore, methylated RNA immunoprecipitation and RNA Immunoprecipitation assays revealed that YTHDF1 elevated the expression of DNMT3B, which synergistically promoted the initiation and development of GC. We elucidated the molecular mechanism underlying the regulation of DNMT3B by YTHDF1 and explored the crosstalk between m6A and 5mC modification.Conclusionm6A RNA methylation regulators are instrumental in malignant progression and the dynamics of tumor microenvironment infiltration of GC. Assessing m6A modification patterns and tumor microenvironment infiltration characteristics in patients with GC holds promise as a valuable prognostic biomarker.

This research investigates the impact of STAD-type cooperative learning models and conventional learning models on the learning outcomes of basic volleyball passing techniques. The study was conducted among students of State Junior High School 1 Siak Hulu in the academic year 2023/2024, utilizing a random sampling technique to select a total of 72 students. The participants were divided into two groups: a control group and an experimental group, each consisting of 36 students. Analysis assisted by SPSS 26. The significance result of 0.000 < 0.05 is significant. The results indicate that the use of the STAD technique significantly improves learning and proficiency of specific volleyball skills, exceeding the results achieved through conventional strategies. The STAD type cooperative learning model allows students to collaborate, share ideas and assess answers collectively within the group, providing a simple and easy-to-understand approach. Proficiency in basic volleyball techniques is emphasized as a crucial factor for individual player performance. Factors affecting student engagement in learning the upper pass include internal aspects (limited understanding of the material, incorrect practice, and haphazard execution) and external factors (teachers' learning approach and constraints of space, class time, and class size). These findings underscore the importance of adopting effective teaching methods to optimize students' learning experiences and outcomes in volleyball passing techniques. Keywords: Learning Model, Cooperative, STAD, Conventional, Learning Outcomes, Basic Technique, Volleyball Passing.

The research aims to see how far the use of the STAD model assisted by card media improves learning outcomes and students' activeness and interest in learning. The method used was remedial action or classroom action research. The subjects were teachers and fifth-grade students at Pasirgunung Selatan 4 Elementary School, Depok, totaling 38 participants. The learning outcomes of the first cycle using the discussion method obtained an average of 69 (58 percent mastery learning) and 25 (66 percent) who actively answered. Cycle 2 using the STAD Model assisted by card media obtained an average of 80, completeness reached 80 percent, and student activity was 32 (84 percent). The results of the study can be concluded that STAD model assisted by by card media increases the class average value, learning completeness, student learning outcomes, student activities, and growth the cohesiveness and student interaction. The use of the STAD model assisted by card media has implications for social studies learning such as resulting data that makes it easy to measure students’ learning outcomes through comparisons between understanding before and after use. In addition, this research has the potential to enhance students' interaction and understanding of complex materials in social studies, as well as develop social and cognitive skills that are important for their development.

The low student learning outcomes in mathematics may be caused by the selection of an inappropriate learning model. To be able to help students understand learning mathematics, it is necessary to take action that can improve learning outcomes. As an effort to improve student learning outcomes, this study used the STAD-type Cooperative Learning model with the type of Classroom Action Research (CAR). The purpose of this study is to determine the increase in student learning outcomes in mathematics before and after being given action in the form of applying the STAD-type Cooperative Learning model. Based on the findings that have been analyzed, there is an increase in learning outcomes in cycle I, namely during initial observations the average student learning outcomes in mathematics only amounted to 53.3. After the implementation of the first cycle of learning, student learning outcomes began to increase with an average value of 69.3. However, this increase tends to be still below the targeted completeness criteria. So earning was carried out again in cycle II. During the implementation of cycle II, it experienced an increase, namely an average value of 81.1 was obtained so that it could be declared "Completed" because it had achieved the targeted completeness criteria. Thus it can be concluded that the STAD Cooperative Learning Model can improve student learning outcomes in mathematics.

This research aims to investigate the influence of the Student Team Achievement Divisions (STAD) learning method on students' long jump performance. The STAD learning method is an approach that encourages collaboration and interaction among students in the form of teams, with a focus on both group and individual achievements. Long jump was chosen as the research context due to its involvement in complex physical and technical aspects, requiring a combination of motor skills and conceptual understanding. The research method used is an experimental method, with a "one group pretest-posttest" design. The study involves a sample of 50 male students at MTs Miftahul Ulum Pangkalan Balai. The instrument used is an assessment of long jump performance. The assessment of long jump in this research covers both the process and the outcome, including the distance achieved in the jump. Data analysis is conducted using the t-test. The results of the data analysis show that because the calculated t-value is 5.87 > the tabulated t-value of 2.00. The findings of this study indicate a significant influence of the STAD method on the improvement of long jump skills among students at MTs Miftahul Ulum Pangkalan Balai. This research provides a significant contribution to our understanding of the impact of the STAD method on students' long jump results, forming the basis for the development of more effective and sustainable learning approaches in the field of sports.

Purpose – The complexity of Islamic religious education learning, with its dogmatic and doctrinal patterns, can be a driving factor in students' boredom and passive attitude toward learning activities. This context requires teachers to be able to innovate and be creative in designing active, innovative, creative, and fun learning plans. Steps that can be taken include using cooperative learning models, with various types of existing methods, such as Student Team Achievement Division (STAD) and Two Stay Two Stray (TSTS). Method – This research uses a qualitative approach with a case study type of research. The instrument used in this research is a questionnaire. The data analysis technique uses percentages to determine the level of student perception of the learning model used. Findings – The results of the research prove that, from a student perspective, these two methods, which are part of the cooperative learning model, are very effective in improving student achievement and learning outcomes in Islamic religious education. The effectiveness of the Two Stay Two Stray (TSTS) method from the student perspective reached 83.9 percent. The percentage value for the Student Team Achievement Division (STAD) is 85.5 percent. Research Implications – Using the TSTS and STAD models, which are part of the cooperative learning approach, has very good implications for increasing the effectiveness of Islamic religious education learning in schools. The adaptive nature of these two models can bridge the characteristics of Islamic religious education, which has dogmatic and doctrinal aspects. The results of this research confirm that TSTS and STAD can concretely and effectively improve student learning outcomes in Islamic religious education.

This research paper delves into the innovative application of Student Teams-Achievement Divisions (STAD) as an Assessment for Learning (AfL) tool within the realm of mathematics education. Assessment for Learning (AfL) is a pedagogical approach designed to enrich student learning by incorporating ongoing assessment practices to inform instructional strategies. Within this study, we explore the seamless integration of STAD into AfL methodologies, emphasizing its capacity to facilitate active assessment, provide real-time feedback by peers, enhance mathematical comprehension and academic performance, and ultimately nurture self-esteem and intrinsic motivation in the pursuit of mathematics education. Drawing from established theoretical frameworks and empirical insights, this paper underscores the dynamic potential of STAD as an AfL instrument, offering educators a potent means to assess and bolster student learning within mathematics classrooms. Through an exhaustive review of existing literature, this paper seeks to furnish educators, researchers, and policymakers with a comprehensive grasp of STAD's pivotal role in promoting effective mathematics assessment and cultivating collaborative and engaging learning environments. The research findings were meticulously analyzed employing paired t-tests to glean valuable insights into the impact of STAD as an AfL strategy on student outcomes. The results are also supported by student's interview and teacher's observations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract The learning process that takes place in the classroom demands the responsibility of each student for learning to be active not passive so that the learning objectives can be achieved. However, students often lack this responsibility when they are learning in the classroom. This can be seen when some students focus on their activities and not all students contribute to discussions. One of the things that is done to strive for student responsibility is to apply a cooperative learning model of the Student Team Achievement Division (STAD) type. The present study aims to explain the steps of the STAD (Student Teams Achievement Division) cooperative learning model to seek student responsibility in the classroom. The research method used is descriptive qualitative. The conclusion of this research is that the STAD (Student Teams Achievement Division) type cooperative learning model is carried out with the following steps, explaining the material and learning objectives, dividing and directing students to work together in groups, and finally providing evaluation and appreciation of student work. Thus, the Student Teams Achievement Division type of cooperative learning model can strive for student responsibility. Bahasa Indonesia Abstrak Proses pembelajaran yang berlangsung di dalam kelas, menuntut tanggung jawab setiap siswa agar pembelajaran tidak pasif melainkan aktif sehingga dapat mencapai tujuan pembelajaran. Fakta yang ditemukan adalah kurangnya tanggung jawab siswa saat melakukan pembelajaran di dalam kelas. Hal ini terlihat dari sebagian siswa yang masih sibuk dengan kegiatan mereka masing-masing dan tidak semua anak berkontribusi untuk melakukan diskusi. Salah satu hal yang dilakukan untuk mengupayakan tanggung jawab siswa adalah menerapkan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe student team achievement division. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan langkah-langkah model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe STAD (Student Teams Achievement Division) untuk mengupayakan tanggung jawab siswa di kelas. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif deskriptif. Kesimpulan dari penulisan penelitian ini adalah model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe STAD (Student Teams Achievement Division) dilakukan dengan langkah-langkah sebagai berikut, menjelaskan materi dan tujuan pembelajaran, membagi dan mengarahkan siswa untuk bekerja sama dalam kelompok, dan yang terakhir memberikan evaluasi serta penghargaan terhadap hasil kerja siswa. Sehingga, model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Student Teams Achievement Division dapat mengupayakan tanggung jawab siswa.

Abstrak: Tujuan penelitian ini untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar peserta didik pada materi Konsep Manajemen dengan penerapan integrasi model pembelajaran InSTAD. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu Penelitian Tindakan Kelas Kolaboratif (PTKK) dengan tahapan melakukan perencanaan, penerapan perencanaan (tindakan), pengamatan (observasi) dan refleksi. Teknik pengumpulan data dengan tes dan observasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan integrasi model pembelajaran InSTAD dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar peserta didik dalam mata pelajaran Ekonomi. Peningkatan hasil belajar terjadi secara bertahap yaitu sebelum dilakukan penerapan integrasi model pembelajaran, peserta didik yang tuntas hanya 11% dan yang tidak tuntas 89%. Lalu, dilakukan penerapan integrasi model, pada siklus I, peserta didik yang tuntas mengalami peningkatan menjadi 17% dan tidak tuntas berkurang menjadi 83% hingga pada siklus II, peserta didik yang tuntas meningkat menjadi 100% dan tidak tuntas 0%. Abstract: The purpose of this study was to improve student learning outcomes in the Management Concept material by applying the InSTAD learning integration model. The research method used in this research is Collaborative Classroom Action Research (PTKK) with the stages of planning, implementing planning (action), observation (observation) and reflection. Data collection techniques with tests and observations. The results of the study show that the application of the InSTAD learning integration model can improve student learning outcomes in Economics subjects. The increase in learning outcomes occurred gradually, namely before the implementation of the integration of learning models, students who completed only 11% and who did not complete 89%. Then, the implementation of the integration model was carried out, in cycle I, students who completed increased to 17% and did not complete reduced to 83% until in cycle II, students who completed increased to 100% and did not complete 0%.

This study aims to determine the improvement of mathematics learning outcomes through the application of the Students Team Achieviement Division (STAD) learning model with Problem Based Learning (PBL) based LKPD on set material in class VII A students of SMP Islam Al Azhar 18 Salatiga. This research is class action research conducted in two cycles through the steps of planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. Data collection techniques were tests, questionnaires, observation sheets, and documentation. The data were analyzed by comparing the achievement with the Minimum Completeness Criteria (KKM) and marked by an increase in classical completeness in each cycle. The results showed that the application of the STAD learning model with PBL-based LKPD can improve the learning outcomes of set material. This increase in learning outcomes is based on data on student learning outcomes with an average class in cycle I of 73.54 with 10 students completed (41.66%) and 14 students not completed (58.33%), then increased in cycle II with an average class of 87.08 with 21 students completed (87.5%) and 3 students not completed (15.5%). The research stopped in cycle II because it had reached the success indicator, namely ≥85% of the total number of students in one class obtained a score that met the KKM, namely ≥80.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh penerapan pembelajaran kooperatif tipe STAD (Student Team Achievement Division) dengan bantuan geogebra terhadap prestasi belajar dan keterampilan komunikasi matematis siswa. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif menggunakan metode pre-eksperimen. Adapun desain penelitian yang dipakai yakni One-Group Pre-test-Postest Design. Tahapan pada penelitian ini, yakni: (1) melakukan pretest, (2) memberikan perlakuan pembelajaran, (3) melakukan postest dan (4) menarik kesimpulan. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dikelas VIID SMPN 2 Gamping Tahun Akademik 2021/2022. Instrumen dari penelitian ini yakni tes. Instrumen tes berupa pre-tes dan posttest yang mengukur prestasi belajar matematika dan keterampilan komunikasi. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa pembelajaran kooperatif jenis STAD dengan bantuan geogebra mampu meningkatkan prestasi belajar matematika yang mencapai kategori tinggi (N-gain = 0,73) dan keterampilan komunikasi matematis yang mencapai kategori tinggi (N-gain = 0,71). Sehingga bisa ditarik kesimpulan bahwa pembelajaran kooperatif jenis STAD dengan bantuan geogebra bisa menjadi solusi untuk meningkatkan prestasi belajar dan keterampilan komunikasi matematis.

This study aims to determine the effect of the Student Team Achievement Division (STAD) learning model on Balaghah subjects on student learning outcomes. This research is a type of quantitative research using an experimental model. The model used was a Quasi Experiment by applying a pre-test and post-test control group design involving two groups as research subjects at Madrasah Aliyah Bahrul Ulum Tambakberas Jombang class XI A as the control class and class XI B as the experimental class, each consisting of 30 students. The test uses multiple-choice questions designed according to indicators of learning outcomes. Data analysis techniques were used SPSS 25 with the t-test (Independent Sample T-Test). The results showed that the average value of the experimental class was higher than that of the control class. It is known that the average in the practical course is 80.7, while in the control class, it is 71.3, so there is a difference between the two. Based on the results of the t-test analysis (Independent Sample T-test) it resulted in Ho was rejected; thus, Ha was accepted, which suggests that the application of the STAD learning model is better than conventional learning on learning outcomes of class XI students of Madrasah Aliyah Bahrul Ulum Tambakberas Jombang.

It has been reported that cadherin 6 (CDH6) upregulation is associated with enhanced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in several types of solid tumor cells. The current study aimed to explore the effect of CDH6 on the migration and invasion of stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD) cells, the transcription factors involved in CDH6 dysregulation and their effect on mitochondrial fission. Bioinformatics analysis was performed using data extracted from the Genotype-Tissue Expression Project, the Cancer Genome Atlas and Kaplan-Meier plotter. AGS and HGC27 cells were used to establish an in vitro STAD cell model. The results showed that higher CDH6 expression was associated with significantly shorter overall survival in patients with STAD. In addition, CDH6 overexpression promoted wound healing, enhanced the invasion ability of tumor cells and increased mitochondrial fission. Glioma-associated oncogene family zinc finger 2 (GLI2) could bind to the CDH6 promoter and activate its transcription. Fluorescent labeling also showed that GLI2 overexpression promoted mitochondrial fission. However, CDH6 silencing significantly reduced mitochondrial fragmentation. Besides, GLI2 overexpression notably upregulated phosphorylated-focal adhesion kinase and dynamin-related protein 1. However, the above effects were largely abrogated by CDH6 knockdown. In conclusion, the present study suggested that the novel GLI2/CDH6 axis could enhance the migration, invasion and mitochondrial fission of STAD cells. • CDH6 upregulation was associated with poor prognosis of stomach adenocarcinoma. • CDH6 positively modulates migration, invasion and mitochondrial fission of STAD cells. • GLI2 binds to the CDH6 promoter and activates its transcription. • GLI2-CDH6 axis increases STAD cell migration, invasion and mitochondrial fission. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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ABSTRAK Hal yang perlu diperhatikan dalam proses pembelajaran adalah cara guru mengajar atau menyampaikan pelajaran dengan tujuan menarik perhatian siswa. Untuk menarik perhatian siswa, guru dituntut untuk mampu memilih dan menerapkan metode pembelajaran yang bervariasi untuk mengaktifkan siswa dalam belajar. Kenyataan di lapangan, model pembelajaran yang digunakan guru masih secara konvensional, dimana pembelajaran berpusat pada guru yang membuat kemampuan menjawab pertanyaan siswa rendah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan peningkatan kemampuan menjawab pertanyaan siswa. Solusi yang dapat dilakukan adalah menerapkan model pembelajaran NHT dan STAD. Jenis penelitian yang dilakukan adalah penelitian eksperimen. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah randomize posttest only control group design. Populasi penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas XI MIA. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis deskriptif, uji normalitas, uji homogenitas, dan uji hipotesis pada taraf nyata 0,05. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data penelitian didapatkan nilai rata-rata pada kelas NHT 78 lebih tinggi dari kelas STAD 71,9. Hasil pengujian hipotesis diperoleh nilai thitung = 2,24 dan ttabel = 1,672. Pada penelitian ini thitung lebih besar dari ttabel yaitu (2,24 > 1,672). Oleh karena itu H1 diterima dan H0 ditolak artinya ada perbedaan peningkatan kemampuan menjawab pertanyaan siswa kelas XI MIA SMAN 2 Koto XI Tarusan dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran NHT dan STAD. Kata kunci: kemampuan menjawab pertanyaan; NHT; STAD ABSTRACT Things that need to be considered in the learning process is the way the teacher teaches or delivers lessons with the aim of attracting students' attention. To attract students' attention, teachers are required to be able to choose and apply various learning methods to activate students in learning. The reality on the ground, the learning model used by teachers is still conventional, where teacher-centered learning makes students' ability to answer questions low. This study aims to determine differences in the increase in the ability to answer students' questions. The solution that can be done is to apply the NHT and STAD learning models. This type of research is experimental research. The research design used was a randomized posttest only control group design. The population of this research is class XI MIA students. The data analysis technique used is descriptive analysis, normality test, homogeneity test, and hypothesis testing at the 0.05 significance level. Based on the results of research data analysis, it was found that the average value in the NHT 78 class was higher than the STAD 71.9 class. The results of testing the hypothesis obtained tcount = 2.24 and ttable = 1.672. In this study, tcount is greater than ttable, namely (2.24 > 1.672). Therefore H1 is accepted and H0 is rejected, meaning that there is a difference in the increase in the ability to answer questions of class XI MIA students at SMAN 2 Koto XI Tarusan using the NHT and STAD learning models. Keywords: ability to answer questions; NHT; STAD

Abstract Background Circular RNAs (circRNAs) or cholesterol metabolism have been demonstrated to participate in stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD) progression. However, the relationship between circRNAs and cholesterol metabolism in STAD and its underlined mechanism remain unclear. Methods RNA and protein expression levels were detected by qRT-PCR and Western blot. Cell proliferation was assessed by CCK-8, EdU incorporation and colony formation assays. Total cholesterol (TC) and free cholesterol (FC) levels were measured by the corresponding kits. The relationships between circ_0000182 and miR-579-3p or squalene epoxidase (SQLE) mRNA were investigated by bioinformatics analysis, RNA-RNA pull-down, luciferase reporter and RIP assays. Results We found that circ_0000182 expression was significantly up-regulated in both STAD tissues and cell lines, and high circ_0000182 expression was correlated with increased tumor size. Circ_0000182 promoted cell proliferation and cholesterol synthesis of STAD cells. Accordingly, cell proliferation, cholesterol synthesis and SQLE expression were significantly inhibited by circ_0000182 knockdown in STAD cells, and these effects were partly reversed by miR-579-3p inhibition or SQLE over-expression. Furthermore, we identified that circ_0000182 acted as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) by sponging miR-579-3p, thereby facilitating SQLE expression, cholesterol synthesis and cell proliferation. Conclusion Circ_0000182 promotes cholesterol synthesis and proliferation of STAD cells by enhancing SQLE expression via sponging miR-579-3p.

The topic of solubility is included in the chemistry subject matter that is considered difficult by students. This study aims to identify differences in knowledge improvement between the experimental class using the cooperative learning model STAD (Student Teams Achievement Divisions) type and the control class using the conventional learning model. The research method and design used is a quasi-experimental with nonequivalent control group design. The participants that involved in this study were students of class XI MIPA with 33 students for the experimental class and 32 students for the control class. A written test that has been validated is used as an instrument in this study. From the student scores that obtained, the N-Gain score is calculated, and hypothesis testing is done through SPSS. The results showed that there was a significant difference in increasing knowledge (p=0.71) and the control class (=0.54). The cooperative learning model STAD type is suitable to be applied for solubility topic learning. It can also be used for the others topic.

This research is a classroom action research conducted in four meetings in cycle I and II, and is designed through four stages: planning, implementing, and reflecting. The data source for this research was 18 students in class V at SD Negeri 375 Tancung, Wajo Regency. Collecting data on the ability to dribble using assesment sheets for starting technique, body position, foot contact with the ball, and final attitude. The results of quantitative analysis of the learning outcomes of dribbling in football games showed that the number of students who completed the first cycle was 11 people with a percentage of 64,70% and the number of students who completed the second cycle were 17 people with a percentage of 100%. Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that learning physical education through cooperative learning models of the Student Team Achievement Divisions type can improve the learning outcomes of dribbling in football games for fifth grade students at SD Negeri 375 Tancung, Wajo Regency.

Background: Stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD), caused by mutations in stomach cells, is characterized by poor overall survival. Chemotherapy is commonly administered for stomach cancer patients following surgical resection. An imbalance in tumor metabolic pathways is connected to tumor genesis and growth. It has been discovered that glutamine (Gln) metabolism plays a crucial role in cancer. Metabolic reprogramming is associated with clinical prognosis in various cancers. However, the role of glutamine metabolism genes (GlnMgs) in the fight against STAD remains poorly understood. Methods: GlnMgs were determined in STAD samples from the TCGA and GEO datasets. The TCGA and GEO databases provide information on stemness indices (mRNAsi), gene mutations, copy number variations (CNV), tumor mutation burden (TMB), and clinical characteristics. Lasso regression was performed to build the prediction model. The relationship between gene expression and Gln metabolism was investigated using co-expression analysis. Results: GlnMgs, found to be overexpressed in the high-risk group even in the absence of any symptomatology, demonstrated strong predictive potential for STAD outcomes. GSEA highlighted immunological and tumor-related pathways in the high-risk group. Immune function and m6a gene expression differed significantly between the low- and high-risk groups. AFP, CST6, CGB5, and ELANE may be linked to the oncology process in STAD patients. The prognostic model, CNVs, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), and medication sensitivity all revealed a strong link to the gene. Conclusion: GlnMgs are connected to the genesis and development of STAD. These corresponding prognostic models aid in predicting the prognosis of STAD GlnMgs and immune cell infiltration in the tumor microenvironment (TME) may be possible therapeutic targets in STAD. Furthermore, the glutamine metabolism gene signature presents a credible alternative for predicting STAD outcomes, suggesting that these GlnMgs could open a new field of study for STAD-focused therapy Additional trials are needed to validate the results of the current study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Model pembelajaran kooperatif STAD (Student Teams Achievement Division) akan di implementasi pada tindakan penelitian ini guna melihat aadanyaada peningkatan hasil belajar. kajian ini merupakan penelitian kegiatan tindakan kelas yang direncanakan dengan 2 siklus, setiap siklus terdiri dari: perancangan, aksi, pengamatan, dan refleksi. Subjek penelitian ini ditujukan pada siswa kelas X-9 SMA Kemala Bhayangkari 1 Surabaya yang berjumlah 34 siswa. Hasil penelitian pada siswa kelas X-9 SMA Kemala Bhayangkari 1 Surabaya ini menunjukkan peningkatan hasil belajar dengan memanfaatkan penerapan model pembelajaran STAD. Hal ini ditinjau melalui tindakan siklus I, dengan tingkat ketuntasan 35% bagi siswa yang tuntas 12 siswa dan tingkat ketidaktuntasan 65% bagi siswa yang tidak tuntas 22 siswa. Sebaliknya aspek kegiatan belajar siswa dari siklus awal sampai akhir siklus memberikan kontribusi peningkatan hasil belajar siswa pada siklus II, dengan 29 siswa tuntas dengan persentase 85% dan 7 siswa gagal dengan persentase 15%.

Abstrak: Penerapan metode diskusi kelompok pada pembelajaran ekonomi peminatan kelas X IPS masih kurang maksimal dalam memengaruhi peningkatan hasil belajar siswa secara merata. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh implementasi model pembelajaran kooperatif Student Team Achievement Division (STAD) berbantuan Quizizz terhadap hasil belajar kognitif dan psikomotorik. Quasi Experimental Design dengan desain Nonequivalent Control Group digunakan sebagai metode penelitian ini. Sampel yang dipakai yakni siswa kelas X IPS 2 dan X IPS 3 sebanyak 68 siswa. Hasil penelitian membuktikan bahwa perolehan rata-rata hasil belajar kelas X IPS 3 sebesar 79,14. Hasil ini lebih tinggi dari hasil kelas X IPS 2, yang menjadi kelas kontrol rata-ratanya, yaitu 74,52. Hasil pengujian N-gain dari rerata hasil belajar kelas kontrol tergolong kriteria rendah, sedangkan nilai hasil belajar kelas eksperimen termasuk dalam kriteria sedang. Hal ini membuktikan bahwa implementasi pembelajaran model kooperatif tipe STAD dikolaborasikan dengan media Quizizz berpengaruh dalam meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa. Abstract: The application of the group discussion method in economics learning with specialization in class X IPS was still not optimal to influence the increase of student learning outcomes evenly. This study aims to determine the effect of the cooperative learning model on the Student Team Achievement Division (STAD) collaboration by Quizizz in the cognitive and psychomotor learning outcomes. A Quasi-Experimental Design with a Nonequivalent Control Group design was used as the research method. The total samples were 68 students from classes X IPS 2 and X IPS 3. The result shows that the average acquisition of class X IPS 3 learning outcome is 79.14. This result is higher than that of class X IPS 2 as the control class, which has 74.52. In the N-gain, the average value of the control class learning outcomes is classified as the low criterion, while the experimental class learning outcomes belong to the medium criterion. This indicates that the implementation of the STAD-type cooperative learning model assisted by Quizizz media has proven to be influential in improving student learning outcomes.

This study aims to determine the effect of the STAD-type cooperative model with the help of Crossword Puzzles on students' biology learning outcomes, especially on Development and Growth material in terms of Cognitive aspects. The population in this study amounted to 5 classes, and a sample of 2 classes was taken randomly. The study was conducted in two classes which were grouped as experimental class and control class. In the experimental class, learning is carried out using a STAD-type cooperative model with the help of crossword puzzle worksheets, while in the control class, learning is carried out using a conventional model research data obtained from the test of learning outcomes for cognitive aspects. Student learning outcomes on cognitive aspects were analyzed by t-test. The results of data analysis show that the learning outcomes of cognitive domain biology students whose learning uses the STAD-type cooperative model with the help of crossword puzzle worksheets are higher than students whose learning uses the conventional model.

This study aims to determine the effect of computational chemistry-based learning media using the STAD type cooperative learning model on student learning outcomes and motivation on the subject of forces between molecules. The population in this study were grade X students in high schools in Medan city which amounted to 7 classes. The samples of this study were students of class X IPA 3 and X IPA 5, each of which amounted to 36 students. The research instruments used were test instruments in the form of 20 multiple choice questions and non-test in the form of 30 statements. The quality of the research instrument was tested using validity, reliability, difficulty level of questions and differentiating power to determine the questions that would be used as instruments in the study. The data analysis technique shows that in the learning outcomes hypothesis test, the t-count> t-table value is 5.03>1.666 and the results of the learning motivation hypothesis test, the t-count> t-table value is 3.12>1.666. This data shows that there is an effect of computational chemistry-based learning media using the STAD type cooperative learning model on student learning outcomes and motivation on the subject of forces between molecules.

For public health interventions to be effective, they need to be supported or at least accepted by those affected, and social policy should therefore be understood as political and strategic. This raises questions about the relationship between the analytical, the political and the personal in policy processes. This article offers an in-depth analysis of such issues, as they were enacted during interviews with Swedish alcohol policy stakeholders. It focuses on the assumptions and a priori 'truths' articulated in interviews about Responsible Beverage Services (RBS) at Swedish football stadiums or 'Football Without Bingeing'. We argue that the participants combined different narrative forms, such as seemingly objective chronological accounts and personal ethical judgments, in talking about the policy initiative. Through such narrative intersections, three key 'truths' were produced that reinforced the link between alcohol and violence, necessitated blanket population-level measures to reduce alcohol use and made gendered behavior an irrelevant policy target. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the study was to determine the comparison of students’ mathematical problem-solving abilities through STAD and PBL learning models. This research was an experimental study with a nonequivalent post-test only control group design. The population of this study were all grade IX students of SMP Negeri 1 Kolaka for the 2018/2019 academic year, which consisted of eight classes totalling 200 students. The sample selection was done by using cluster sampling technique so that two classes IXD were obtained class IXD as the class that used the STAD model and class IXA as the class that used the PBL model. Class IXD has 25 students, and IXA has 26 students. The research data was collected through documentation, observations, and a problem-solving ability test. The research data in this study were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The results showed that descriptively the mathematical problem-solving ability (MPSA) of students in the STAD and PBL learning models showed an average score of 70 (good) and 69.34 (enough). Inferentially from the prerequisite test, the data obtained were normally distributed, and the variance of the two data was homogeneous. The hypothesis was tested using an independent sample t-test. The results of hypothesis testing indicate that there was no significant difference between students' MPSA with the application of the STAD learning model and the PBL model. So it was concluded that there was no difference in students' mathematical problem-solving abilities in using the STAD learning model or the PBL model.

Abstract Background Stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD) is a common malignant tumor in the world and its prognosis is poor, miRNA plays a role mainly by influencing the expression of mRNAs, and participates in the occurrence and development of tumors. However, reliable miRNA prognostic models for stomach adenocarcinoma remain to be identified. Results Using the data from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), a prognostic model of stomach adenocarcinoma was established including tumor stage and expression levels of 4 miRNAs (hsa-miR-379-3p, hsa-miR-2681-3p, hsa-miR-6499-5p and hsa-miR-6807-3p). A total of 50 ultimate target genes of these miRNAs were obtained through prediction. Enrichment analysis revealed that target genes were mainly concentrated in neural function and TGF-β and FoxO signaling pathways. Survival analysis showed that three model miRNAs (hsa-miR-379-3p, hsa-miR-2681-3p and hsa-miR-6807-3p) and five final target genes (DLC1, LRFN5, NOVA1, POU3F2 and PRICKLE2) were associated with the patient's overall survival outcome. Conclusions We used bioinformatics methods to screen new prognostic miRNA markers from TCGA and established a prognostic model of STAD, so as to provide a basis for the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of STAD in the future.

This research investigated whether there was a significant difference on students’ achievement in reading comprehension taught using STAD and lecture method. The sample was the eighth-graders of SMPN 3 Banjarmasin. A quasi-experimental design was employed in this research. The experimental group was taught using STAD while control group was taught using lecture method. A reading comprehension test as the instrument of collecting data was administered for both groups. Based on the research result using t-test, it was found that the t value was higher than t-table (2.39315 > 2.00) which means that there is a significant difference of achievement between the experimental group and control group. From these findings it can be interpreted that the use of STAD is more effective than lecture method in teaching reading comprehension for junior high school students. It is suggested for English teachers in Junior High School to use STAD in teaching reading since it is useful in improving students’ reading comprehension achievement.

Yi He,1,&ast; Haiyang Zhang,1,&ast; Yan Zhang,1,2,&ast; Peiyun Wang,1 Kegan Zhu,1 Yi Ba1 1Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Gastroenterology, Tianjin Haihe Hospital, Tianjin, 300350, People’s Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Yi Ba, Email bayi@tjmuch.comBackground: Stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD) ranks as the third leading cause of cancer death worldwide. TGF‑β receptor 1 (TGFBR1), serving important roles in the TGF‑β family, the mechanisms whereby TGFBR1 governs tumor progression, immune cell infiltration in STAD remains unintelligible.Methods: We used the TCGA, GEPIA, and HPA databases to explore TGFBR1 expression in STAD, the correlation between TGFBR1 expression and the clinical features. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and nomogram were constructed, and LASSO (the Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator)-selected features were used to build the TGFBR1 prognostic signature. GSEA is used to find the potential mechanism of TGFBR1 to promote the malignant process of STAD. We explored the influence of the TGFBR1 on the immune microenvironment of STAD through the TIMER2.0 and GEPIA database.Results: In our study, TGFBR1 expression was significantly elevated in STAD and positively co-expression with pathologic stage, lymph node metastases (LNM) stage and histopathological grade. Nine factors with non-zero coefficients were identified by LASSO-selected features. Survival analysis revealed that patients with high TGFBR1 had shorter OS, FP, and PPS. Multivariate Cox analysis revealed that TGFBR1 was an independent prognostic factor for OS in STAD. The ROC analysis suggested that high diagnostic value with the AUC of TGFBR1 was 0.739. GSEA revealed that high TGFBR1 expression was correlated with pathway in cancer, MAPK signaling pathway, NOTCH signaling pathway, and VEGF-C production. ssGSEA showed that TGFBR1 is correlated with NK cells, Tem and Th17 cells. Furthermore, elevated TGFBR1 expression was found to be significantly correlated with several immune checkpoint and immune markers associated with immune cell subsets.Conclusion: In summary, TGFBR1 could be a prognostic biomarker and an important regulator of immune cell infiltration in STAD. The present study revealed the probable underlying molecular mechanisms of TGFBR1 in STAD and provided a potential target for improving the prognosis.Keywords: TGFBR1, STAD, prognosis, immune infiltration, bioinformatics

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh gambaran aktivitas dan hasil belajar dengan menggunakan media pengajaran visual model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe STAD. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimen semu. Data aktivitas belajar menggunakan tabel pengamatan aktivitas kooperatif awal, menengah, dan tingkat mahir. Sedangkan data hasil belajar berupa pengetahuan, diperoleh dengan tes hasil belajar dalam bentuk instrumen soal ujian yang hasilnya dianalisis secara statistik deskriptif dan statistik inferensial. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa siswa di kelas eksprimen, aktivitas belajar terjadi peningkatan yang cukup baik dan bersemangat belajar pada tiap pertemuan, sedangkan kelas kontrol aktivitasnya terlihat fluktuatif, kadang terjadi peningkatan, kadang pula terjadi penurunan aktivitas belajar. Begitupun dari segi hasil belajar, siswa dikelas eksprimen, hasil belajarnya lebih baik daripada hasil belajar siswa di kelas kontrol. Penggunaan media pengajaran visual pada setting model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe STAD dapat meningkatkan aktivitas belajar siswa. Peningkatan aktivitas belajar yang terjadi secara terus menerus akan meningkatkan hasil belajar dengan sendirinya.

STAD is one of learning model that motivate student to support each other in understanding materials given by teacher. However, another factor which is affecting learning result is student’s character. In this case, learning style as one of student’s characteristic is expected affecting learning result. This research is aimed to know influence of STAD model, Learning Style, and interaction between STAD model and learning style on learning result. Hypothesis is formulated as: (1) STAD model influences learning result; (2) learning style influence learning result; (3) No influence between STAD model and learning style toward learning result. This research was designed using Quasi Experiment, with factorial design 2 x 3. Research subject was consist of two classes that X2 as control class and X4 as experiment class. Research variable was consist of: (1) student’s learning result as tied variable; (2) STAD learning model as free variable; and (3) learning style as moderator variable. student’s learning result was measured by test. however, learning style was measured by questionnaire. Data resulted then were analyzed using two way ANOVA with SPSS 16.00 for windows. Analysis resulted by two way anova was showing that: (1) STAD model influenced learning result; (2) learning style influenced learning result; (3) no influence found in interaction between STAD model and learning style toward learning result. Conclusions of this research were: (1) STAD model had effected learning result; (2) learning style had affected learning result; and (3) no influence found between STAD model and learning style toward learning result. It is recommended for geography teacher applying STAD model and more concerning on student’s learning style because it has effect on student’s learning result. For researchers it is suggested to applied in other subjects.

DNA damage response is a key signal transduction pathway in triggering ageing and tumor progression. Abnormal alternative splicing (AS) is associated with tumors and ageing. However, the role of AS factors associated with DNA damage repair and ageing in stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD) remains unclear. We downloaded the percentage of splicing (PSI) values for AS in STAD from the TCGA SpliceSeq database. The PSI values of DNA repair gene AS events were integrated with STAD patient survival data for Cox regression analysis. The prediction model for the overall survival (OS) was constructed by the clinical traits. The tumor immune microenvironment was analyzed by CIBERSORT and ESTIMATE. We detected 824 AS events originating from 166 DNA repair genes. Cox regression analysis provided 21 prognostic AS events connected with OS statistically, and a prognostic prediction model was constructed. The expression of these AS factors was higher in STAD tumors. DDB2 high senescence levels were associated with active immune responses and better survival in STAD patients. We built a novel prognostic model founded on DNA repair genes with AS events and identified that DDB2 may be a potential biomarker to apply in clinics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the aim of the study, namely to improve the mathematical critical thinking skills of class XI students of SMA Negeri 11 Medan by applying the STAD type of cooperative learning model and to find out how to improve the mathematical critical thinking after applying the STAD type of cooperative learning model with the type of research namely classroom action research, the students of class XI SMA Negeri 11 Medan are the research subjects this. Then the object of the research is students' mathematical critical thinking skills by applying the STAD type cooperative learning model to the linear programming material. Based on the results of data analysis of students' mathematical critical thinking skills in the first cycle, it was found that only 15 students (42,86%) had met the specified criteria, namely students obtained a score of 75. Then on the results of the second mathematical critical thinking skills ability test, there were 31 students (88,57%) students have reached the standard, which is getting a score of 75. The average score in the first cycle of critical thinking skills test is 68,27, increasing to 85.77 in the second cycle. Based on the description above, it is concluded that students' mathematical critical thinking has increased by applying the STAD cooperative learning model in class XI SMA Negeri 11 Medan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: One of the most frequent malignancies of the digestive system is stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD). Recent research has demonstrated how cuproptosis (copper-dependent cell death) differs from other cell death mechanisms that were previously understood. Cuproptosis regulation in tumor cells could be a brand-new treatment strategy. Our goal was to create a cuproptosis-related lncRNA signature. Additionally, in order to evaluate the possible immunotherapeutic advantages and drug sensitivity, we attempted to study the association between these lncRNAs and the tumor immune microenvironment of STAD tumors. Methods: The TCGA database was accessed to download the RNA sequencing data, genetic mutations, and clinical profiles for TCGA STAD. To locate lncRNAs related to cuproptosis and build risk-prognosis models, three techniques were used: co-expression network analysis, Cox-regression techniques, and LASSO techniques. Additionally, an integrated methodology was used to validate the models' predictive capabilities. Then, using GO and KEGG analysis, we discovered the variations in biological functions between each group. The link between the risk score and various medications for STAD treatment was estimated using the tumor mutational load (TMB) and tumor immune dysfunction and rejection (TIDE) scores. Result: We gathered 22 genes linked to cuproptosis based on the prior literature. Six lncRNAs related to cuproptosis were used to create a prognostic marker (AC016394.2, AC023511.1, AC147067.2, AL590705.3, HAGLR, and LINC01094). After that, the patients were split into high-risk and low-risk groups. A statistically significant difference in overall survival between the two groups was visible in the survival curves. The risk score was demonstrated to be an independent factor affecting the prognosis by both univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis. Different risk scores were substantially related to the various immunological states of STAD patients, as further evidenced by immune cell infiltration and ssGSEA analysis. The two groups had differing burdens of tumor mutations. In addition, immunotherapy was more effective for STAD patients in the high-risk group than in the low-risk group, and risk scores for STAD were substantially connected with medication sensitivity. Conclusions: We discovered a marker for six cuproptosis-associated lncRNAs linked to STAD as prognostic predictors, which may be useful biomarkers for risk stratification, evaluation of possible immunotherapy, and assessment of treatment sensitivity for STAD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to considerable tumour heterogeneity, stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD) has a poor prognosis and varies in response to treatment, making it one of the main causes of cancer-related mortality globally. Recent data point to a significant role for metabolic reprogramming, namely dysregulated lactic acid metabolism, in the evolution of STAD and treatment resistance. This study used a series of artificial intelligence-related approaches to identify IGFBP7, a Schlafen family member, as a critical factor in determining the response to immunotherapy and lactic acid metabolism in STAD patients. Computational analyses revealed that a high lactic metabolism (LM) state was associated with poor survival in STAD patients. Further biological network-based investigations identified a key subnetwork closely linked to LM. Machine learning techniques, such as random forest and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator, highlighted IGFBP7 as a crucial indicator in STAD. Functional annotations showed that IGFBP7 expression was linked to important immune and inflammatory pathways. In vitro experiments demonstrated that silencing IGFBP7 suppressed cell proliferation and migration. Furthermore, heightened susceptibility to several chemotherapeutic drugs was linked to elevated IGFBP7 levels. In conclusion, this work sheds light on the mechanisms by which the lactate metabolism-related indicator IGFBP7 affects the tumour immune milieu and the response to immunotherapy in STAD. The results point to IGFBP7 as a possible therapeutic target and predictive biomarker for the treatment of STAD., (© 2025 The Author(s). Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine published by Foundation for Cellular and Molecular Medicine and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Research objectives 1) To find out whether there are significant differences in student learning outcomes who are subject to CIRC, STAD, and Jigsaw in class X at SMK PGRI 1 Ngawi; 2) to find out which one gives better student learning outcomes, students are subjected to CIRC, STAD, or Jigsaw. This study uses a quantitative approach with quasi-experimental research methods. The population is all students of class X at SMK PGRI 1 Ngawi for the Academic Year 2020/2021. The sample is 100 students. The sampling technique used is Simple Random Sampling. Data collection techniques using documentation and tests. The instrument test used validity, difficulty level reliability, and discriminatory power. Prerequisite tests are normality test and homogeneity test. The analysis technique used one-way ANOVA and further test with Scheffe test. Research results 1) There are significant differences in student learning outcomes who are subject to CIRC, STAD, and online Jigsaw in class X at SMK PGRI 1 Ngawi; 2) The learning outcomes of students who are subject to CIRC are better than the learning outcomes of students who are subject to STAD. The learning outcomes of students who were subjected to STAD were as good as the learning outcomes of students who were subjected to Jigsaw. The learning outcomes of students who were subjected to CIRC were as good as the learning outcomes of students who were subjected to Jigsaw.