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The modulation of protein-protein interactions with small molecules is one of the most rapidly developing areas in drug discovery. In this review, we discuss advances over the past decade (2014-2023) focusing on molecular glues (MGs)-monovalent small molecules that induce proximity, either by stabilizing native interactions or by inducing neomorphic interactions. We include both serendipitous and rational discoveries and describe the different approaches that were used to identify them. We classify the compounds in three main categories: degradative MGs, non-degradative MGs or PPI stabilizers, and MGs that induce self-association. Diverse, illustrative examples with structural data are described in detail, emphasizing the elements of molecular recognition and cooperative binding at the interface that are fundamental for a MG mechanism of action.

The durability of blocks made by earth can be improved considerably by the addition of different stabilizers. In this work, two stabilizers have been used: cement. The elaborated specimens are evaluated by various laboratory tests, and durability is evaluated by examination of walls exposed to real climatic conditions. It has been noted that all treated walls showed no signs of deterioration after 2 years exposure in real climatic conditions even though the laboratory test conditions are more severe compared to the natural climatic conditions of the region of Algiers where this present work has been carried out. The blocs stabilized by cement showed the best durability behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of eco-friendly elastomeric materials has become an important issue in recent years. In this work, thermoplastic elastomer samples of an ethylene–norbornene copolymer (EN) with coffee and tea biofillers mixed with typical fillers such as montmorillonite (MMT), silica (SiO2), and cellulose were investigated. The aim of this research was to determine the effect of fillers on the properties of the materials and to assess their degradability after two ultraviolet (UV) aging cycles (200, 400 h). The scientific novelty of this work is the assessment of the anti-aging effect of simultaneous biofillers–stabilizers based on coffee and tea waste. The surfaces of the obtained polymer compositions were examined using infrared spectroscopy (FTIR-ATR). Contact angles were determined, and surface energy was calculated. The mechanical properties were tested, and the influence of plant fillers and aging on the color change in the materials was analyzed. The combination of coffee with silica, MMT, and cellulose fillers limited the migration of fatty acids and other compounds from the biofiller to the EN surface (FTIR analysis). Based on the aging coefficients K, it was shown that all coffee- and tea-based fillers stabilized the polymer compositions during UV aging (400 h). The results allowed the authors to determine the importance and impact of waste plant fillers on the degradability of the synthetic EN. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dyes have conventionally been used in medicine for staining cells, tissues, and organelles. Since these compounds are also known as photosensitizers (PSs) which exhibit photoresponsivity upon photon illumination, there is a high desire towards formulating these molecules into nanoparticles (NPs) to achieve improved delivery efficiency and enhanced stability for novel imaging and therapeutic applications. Furthermore, it has been shown that some of the photophysical properties of these molecules can be altered upon NP formation thereby playing a major role in the outcome of their application. In this review, we primarily focus on introducing dye categories, their formulation strategies and how these strategies affect their photophysical properties in the context of photothermal and non‐photothermal applications. More specifically, the most recent progress showing the potential of dye supramolecular assemblies in modalities such as photoacoustic and fluorescence imaging, photothermal and photodynamic therapies as well as their employment in photoablation as a novel modality will be outlined. Aside from their photophysical activity, we delve shortly into the emerging application of dyes as drug stabilizing agents where these molecules are used together with aggregator molecules to form stable nanoparticles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In polymer materials technology, replacing synthetic stabilizers with natural antioxidants is a current and developing issue. Cloves have antimicrobial and antioxidant properties, which is why they are often used in medicine and in gastronomy. Eugenol – the main component of clove oil, is also a strong antioxidant. The aim of the study was to analyze and compare the anti-aging effects of eugenol and cloves in epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) compositions. The 2,2′-azinobis- (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate (ABTS), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and CUPric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC) tests showed the ability of plant materials to reduce free radicals, as well as iron and copper ions. ENR compositions with additives were characterized by a longer oxidation induction time (OIT). The samples after solar aging showed better resistance to elevated temperature and solar radiation, as evidenced by aging coefficients (K) calculated on the basis of mechanical properties and carbonyl indexes of samples with eugenol and cloves. Cloves and eugenol can be successfully used as natural stabilizers in elastomeric materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The posterolateral corner (PLC) of the knee is a complex anatomical-functional unit that includes ligamentous and tendinous structures that are crucial for joint stability. This review discusses the intricate anatomy, biomechanics, and imaging modalities, as well as the current challenges in diagnosing PLC injuries, with an emphasis on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Recognizing the normal MRI anatomy is critical in identifying abnormalities and guiding effective treatment strategies. Identification of the smaller structures of the PLC, traditionally difficult to depict on imaging, may not be necessary to diagnose a clinically significant PLC injury. Injuries to the PLC, often associated with cruciate ligament tears, should be promptly identified because failure to recognize them may result in persistent instability, secondary osteoarthritis, and cruciate graft failure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The object of the study is a new micromodule gas burner for small hot water boilers, in which, to stabilize combustion, the phenomena of flow disruption due to sudden expansion at the outlet of the burner are used. Today, there is an urgent task related to the development of new technical solutions for the most efficient and environmentally pure combustion of fuel in power plants, particularly, it is necessary to pay special attention to the stabilization of the flare. The combustion characteristics in this burner have been studied experimentally and theoretically, calculations are given for modeling a micromodule gas burner with a sudden expansion at the outlet, in particular, the model of a burner device for burning natural gas (propane) was modeled in the Ansys Fluent 2021 R1 software package. As a result of the experiment, the length of the torch was reduced, as well as the concentrations of harmful NOx emissions were reduced with improved indicators of combustion completeness and temperature uniformity of the field. The results of experiments with different nozzles are presented, namely nozzles with slots at the outlet d1 – 0.12 m and d2 – 0.15 m. The number of modes in each experiment is 5. Mathematical modeling of this burner with the possibility of evaluating the effectiveness of these measures will allow us to develop optimal operating modes of power plants and develop new technical solutions to reduce the emission of pollutants. Based on the experimental data obtained, graphs were constructed (completeness of combustion, temperature unevenness, concentration of substances), and the results were summarized. In general, these characteristics will increase the efficiency of using this burner in hot water boilers [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Every stationary action of a strongly irreducible lattice or commensurator of such a lattice in a general semisimple group, with at least one higher-rank connected factor, either has finite stabilizers almost surely or finite index stabilizers almost surely. Consequently, every minimal action of such a lattice on an infinite compact metric space is topologically free. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanotechnology has substantial potential for development due to its ability to modify surface characteristics and particle size, facilitating enhanced absorption of functional food compounds and controlled release of active substances to mitigate adverse effects. Nanoemulsion, a stable colloidal system formed by blending oil, emulsifier, and water, was identified as nanotechnology with promising applications. However, investigations into the impact of surfactants on characteristic nanoemulsions need to be more varied. This research gap necessitated further exploration in the advancement of nanotechnology-based foods. The parijoto fruit (Medinilla speciosa), an indigenous plant species in Indonesia, has yet to undergo extensive scrutiny for its potential use as a functional and nutraceutical food. Anthocyanins, a principal compound in the parijoto fruit, had exhibited efficacy in reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease diabetes, demonstrating anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of nanoemulsion formulations derived from parijoto fruit extract and to evaluate an optimum condition with various tween surfactants. The findings from this investigation could furnish valuable insights for the further advancement of anthocyanin nanoemulsions from parijoto fruit extract. The results comprised the characterization of nanoemulsion particle size, polydispersity index, ζ-potential, conductivity, pH, and viscosity. Through mathematical modeling and statistical methods, RSM optimizes nanoemulsion by examining the relationships and interactions between independent and response variables. Furthermore, the characterization of nanoemulsion encompassed ζ-potential, polydispersity, particle size, conductivity, pH, and viscosity. Elevated surfactant concentrations resulted in diminished particle sizes and more uniform size distribution, albeit reaching a plateau where surfactant aggregation and micelle formation ensued. Increased concentrations of surfactant type, concentration, and parijoto extract impacted the physical characteristics of nanoparticle size and polydispersity. The optimal process conditions for nanoemulsion consisting of the type of Tween used are Tween 80, Tween concentration of 12%, and parijoto fruit extract concentration of 7.5%, yielding a desirability value of 0.74, categorizing it as moderate.

The aim in this study was to develop and evaluate a nanofluconazole (FLZ) formulation with increased solubility and permeation rate using nanosuspensions. The FLZ nanosuspensions were stabilized using a variety of stabilizing agents and surfactants in various concentrations. The FLZ nanosuspension was characterized in vitro using particle size, zeta potential, X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), and solubility. In addition, the ex vivo ocular permeation of FLZ through a goat cornea was analyzed. The results showed that the particle size of all nanosuspension formulations was in the nanometer range from 174.5 ± 1.9 to 720.2 ± 4.77 nm; that of the untreated drug was 18.34 μm. The zeta potential values were acceptable, which indicated suitable stability for formulations. The solubility of the nanosuspensions was up to 5.7-fold higher compared with that of the untreated drug. The results of the ex vivo ocular diffusion of the FLZ nanosuspensions showed the percentage of FLZ penetrating via the goat cornea increased after using Kollicoat to stabilize the nanosuspension formulation. Consequently, when using a nanosuspension formulation of Kollicoat, the antifungal activity of the drug strengthens.

This study explored the stability and thermo‐kinetic features of double base nitrocellulose (NC)/diethylene glycol dinitrate (DEGDN) propellant supplemented with Kraft lignin. For this purpose, the impact of 2‐nitrodiphenylamine (2‐NDPA), 1,3‐dimethyl‐1,3‐diphenylurea (C‐II) and lignin stabilizers on the molecular structure, morphology, and thermokinetic behavior of NC/DEGDN composite were thoroughly analyzed. Experimental results showed that lignin exhibits promising stabilizing efficiency comparable to that of the conventional 2‐NDPA and C‐II. In addition, thermal findings highlighted that the incorporation of 2‐NDPA, C‐II, and lignin has improved the thermal decomposition temperature of NC/DEGDN propellant. The investigation of the thermolysis kinetics of stabilized NC/DEGDN composites demonstrated an increase in the Arrhenius parameters with respect to the NC/DEGDN baseline. Above all, this investigation contributes to the ongoing efforts to develop new environmentally friendly stabilizers for nitrate esters‐based composites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of food additives in food production is inevitable in this modern world. Although only a safe amount of food additives is approved, their safety has always been questioned. At present, artificial synthetic food additives have gradually replaced natural food additives and many problems related to food additives, involve the abuse of food additives, excessive additives, or even toxic additives. Obviously, food additives can bring people great sensory enjoyment and commercial convenience, but they may also cause potential risks to human health. So, it is of high significance to conduct quantitative analysis on the content of food additives. According to their functions and the regulatory requirements of food additives, this review started with the classification, and functions of various food additives involving preservatives, sweeteners, emulsifiers, stabilizers, thickeners, and gelling agents and the advantages and disadvantages of food additives usage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aimed to develop miconazole-based microemulsions using oleic acid as a natural lipophilic phase and a stabilizer mixture comprising Tween 20 and PEG 400 to solubilize miconazole as an antifungal agent known for its activity in oral candidiasis and to improve its bioavailability. The formulation and preparation process was combined with a mathematical approach using a 23-full factorial plan. Fluid and gel-like microemulsions were obtained and analyzed considering pH, conductivity, and refractive index, followed by extensive analyses focused on droplet size, zeta potential, rheological behavior, and goniometry. In vitro release tests were performed to assess their biopharmaceutical characteristics. Independent variables coded X1-Oleic acid (%, w/w), X2-Tween 20 (%, w/w), and X3-PEG 400 (%, w/w) were analyzed in relationship with three main outputs like mean droplet size, work of adhesion, and diffusion coefficient by combining statistical tools with response surface methodology. The microemulsion containing miconazole base–2%, oleic acid–5%, Tween 20–40%, PEG 400–20%, and water–33% exhibited a mean droplet size of 119.6 nm, a work of adhesion of 71.98 mN/m, a diffusion coefficient of 2.11·10−5 cm2/s, and together with remarked attributes of two gel-like systems formulated with higher oil concentrations, modeled the final optimization step of microemulsions as potential systems for buccal delivery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Die Radiologie is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this work, the ''sijibao'' peanut butter stabilized by the hydrogenated vegetable oil, a peanut butter with spread-ability widely recognized by consumers, was used as the reference. Then sensory evaluation about spread-ability, rheological properties, texture parameters, solid fat content and microstructure of the peanut butters stabilized by monoglyceride and peanut oil were analyzed to clarify whether the addition of peanut butter could improve the spread-ability of peanut butter stabilized by monoglyceride and the corresponding mechanism. Results indicated that the sensory scores of monoglyceride-stabilized peanut butter on spread-ability were significantly lower than those of peanut butter with hydrogenated vegetable oil. However, 2.0% peanut oil was added to monoglyceride-stabilized peanut butter and its sensory score was close to that of peanut butter with hydrogenated vegetable oil, indicating good spread-ability. The steady-state shear curve showed that the addition of peanut oil reduced the apparent viscosity of monoglyceride-stabilized peanut butter. Meanwhile the yield stress at 25 ℃ decreased from 201.79 to 103.70 Pa, and the reduction percentage of viscosity at 32~42 ℃ decreased from 62.7% to 53.2%. Furthermore, the addition of peanut oil caused the reduction on firmness of monoglyceride-stabilized peanut butter from 376.19 g to 289.42 g and the consistency from 2050.24 g to 1607.23 g. The solid fat content decreased to less than 8.0%. These results indicated that the physicochemical properties of monoglyceride-stabilized peanut butter after adding peanut oil were very close to those of hydrogenated vegetable oil-stabilized peanut butter, which might be the reason for the improvement of its spread-ability. Additionally, microstructure showed that the addition of peanut oil significantly improved the large and dense crystalline agglomerates of peanut butter stabilized by the monoglyceride and thereby the uniform distribution system formed. In summary, the addition of peanut oil effectively on the one hand improved the physicochemical characteristics of monoglyceride-stabilized peanut butter, on the other hand increased its uniformity, which produced the improvement of spread-ability.

The development of eco-friendly elastomeric materials has become an important issue in recent years. In this work, thermoplastic elastomer samples of an ethylene–norbornene copolymer (EN) with coffee and tea biofillers mixed with typical fillers such as montmorillonite (MMT), silica (SiO2), and cellulose were investigated. The aim of this research was to determine the effect of fillers on the properties of the materials and to assess their degradability after two ultraviolet (UV) aging cycles (200, 400 h). The scientific novelty of this work is the assessment of the anti-aging effect of simultaneous biofillers–stabilizers based on coffee and tea waste. The surfaces of the obtained polymer compositions were examined using infrared spectroscopy (FTIR-ATR). Contact angles were determined, and surface energy was calculated. The mechanical properties were tested, and the influence of plant fillers and aging on the color change in the materials was analyzed. The combination of coffee with silica, MMT, and cellulose fillers limited the migration of fatty acids and other compounds from the biofiller to the EN surface (FTIR analysis). Based on the aging coefficients K, it was shown that all coffee- and tea-based fillers stabilized the polymer compositions during UV aging (400 h). The results allowed the authors to determine the importance and impact of waste plant fillers on the degradability of the synthetic EN.

Copyright of Science & Technology of Food Industry is the property of Science & Technology of Food Industry Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The emulsion forming and stabilizing capacities of water-soluble biopolymers originating from the aqueous (serum) phase of heat-treated and high pressure homogenized purées were investigated. The serum biopolymers were characterized and then utilized as emulsifier/stabilizer in simple oil-in-water emulsions. The resulting emulsions were stored at 4 °C and monitored for 2 weeks. Results revealed that carrot and tomato sera contained higher amounts of pectin and lower protein compared to broccoli. The serum pectic biopolymers exhibited distinct molecular structures, depending on the vegetable origin. Given these natural biopolymer composition and characteristics, emulsions with small droplet sizes were observed at pH 3.5. However, emulsions at pH 6.0 showed large mean droplet sizes, except for the emulsion formulated with carrot serum. Regardless of the pH, emulsions containing carrot serum biopolymers exhibited high capacity to form fine emulsions that were stable during the 2-week storage period at low temperature. This study clearly shows the capacity of natural water-soluble biopolymers isolated from the serum phase of vegetable purées to form fine emulsion droplets and maintain its stability during storage, especially in the case of carrot serum biopolymers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Bioprocess Engineering is the property of Chinese Journal of Bioprocess Engineering Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: Retinol (Vitamin A) is one of the most effective molecules for the treatment of skin aging. However, it degrades rapidly under the influence of light, oxygen, metal ions, and oxidizing agents. To prevent this, stabilizing systems are used commonly. Notably, butylated hydroxytoluene (2,6‐di‐tert‐butyl‐p‐cresol) (BHT) and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) salts exhibit excellent antioxidant and metal‐chelating properties but are not eco‐friendly. In this study, our goal was to develop a new eco‐friendly stabilization system for retinol‐based formulations such that the system does not interfere with retinol skin absorption, nor its clinical efficacy. Methods: An evaluation tool called the Sustainable Product Optimization Tool (SPOT) was used to assess the environmental performance of formulations containing retinol and the various stabilizers investigated. Accelerated stability tests were performed on formulations stored for 2 months at 4 and 45°C (ISO/TR Standard 18811 2018 directives). Long‐term stability evaluation was done on formulations stored for 24‐months at room temperature. Retinol skin absorption was assessed by the Franz cell method using human skin explants (OECD guideline 428). Finally, a clinical study was performed to evaluate the cosmetic performance of a 0.3% stabilized retinol formulation. Results: N,N'‐ethylenediamine disuccinic acid ([S,S]‐EDDS isomer) and pentaerythritol tetrakis(3,5‐di‐tert‐butyl‐4‐hydroxyhydrocinnamate) (PBHC) showed higher biodegradability and a reduced water footprint compared with those of BHT and EDTA. The SPOT simulation gave [S,S]‐EDDS + PBHC a score of 10 versus 8.84 for EDTA + BHT. Moreover, [S,S]‐EDDS + PBHC better controlled the chemical degradation of retinol compared with EDTA + BHT. Retinol skin absorption was also achieved in the case of a formulation containing [S,S]‐EDDS + PBHC, and several skin attributes improved significantly after 12 weeks of product use, with over 75% of the panel perceiving benefits. Conclusion: Regarding retinol stabilization, the PBHC + [S,S]‐EDDS combination is an eco‐friendlier and more effective alternative to BHT + EDTA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) undergoes deformation via decomposition and oxidation when exposed to heat and ultraviolet (UV) radiation. To counteract this degradation and prolong PVC's lifespan in harsh environments, the addition of stabilizers is essential. Therefore, the development of new additives that enhance PVC's stability is of great interest. In this recent investigation, novel tin complexes of tyrosine were synthesized and evaluated for their potential as photostabilizers for PVC. The interaction between tyrosine and tin chlorides yielded the modified tin complexes with satisfactory yields. The complexes' structures were identified utilizing spectroscopic and analytical techniques. Subsequently, PVC was filled with 0.5 wt.% of the tin complexes, resulting in the production of homogeneous thin films. The plastic stability under UV light irradiation was estimated utilizing diverse methodologies. The presence of the additives led to diminished weight loss, reduced formation of tiny polymeric fragments, and mitigated decreases in molecular weight (M.Wt.). The additives- containing films demonstrated reduced surface damage post-irradiation. Notably, the additives with aromatic (phenyl) substitutions exhibited significant inhibition of photodegradation in the polymeric films. These additives functioned as effective hydrogen chloride scavengers, UV absorbers, and peroxide quenchers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Ordnance Equipment Engineering is the property of Chongqing University of Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The use of food additives in food production is inevitable in this modern world. Although only a safe amount of food additives is approved, their safety has always been questioned. At present, artificial synthetic food additives have gradually replaced natural food additives and many problems related to food additives, involve the abuse of food additives, excessive additives, or even toxic additives. Obviously, food additives can bring people great sensory enjoyment and commercial convenience, but they may also cause potential risks to human health. So, it is of high significance to conduct quantitative analysis on the content of food additives. According to their functions and the regulatory requirements of food additives, this review started with the classification, and functions of various food additives involving preservatives, sweeteners, emulsifiers, stabilizers, thickeners, and gelling agents and the advantages and disadvantages of food additives usage.

Poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) is one of the versatile thermoplastic materials that have tremendous applications almost everywhere but it is thermally unstable at high temperatures. Processing of PVC at elevated temperatures requires the use of thermal stabilizers that are considered crucial additives for the protection of PVC during both processing and useful life usage. Several thermal stabilizers are available commercially that mostly obstruct the dehydrochlorination reaction. Choosing appropriate stabilizer systems for a specific application is cumbersome. A Brabender torque rheometer at a constant temperature of 180°C and variable shear stress was used to evaluate the stabilizing efficiency of 12 different stabilizer systems combined with PVC. Fusion time, induction period, minimum torque, and rheological stability time were determined in order to evaluate the investigated stabilizer systems. It was found that dibutyl tin mercaptide was the best stabilizer, while the mixture of lead stabilizers was the worse one.

Phytochemicals, such as resveratrol, curcumin, and quercetin, have many benefits for health, but most of them have a low bioavailability due to their poor water solubility and stability, quick metabolism, and clearance, which restricts the scope of their potential applications. To overcome these issues, different types of nanoparticles (NPs), especially biocompatible and biodegradable NPs, have been developed. NPs can carry phytochemicals and increase their solubility, stability, target specificity, and oral bioavailability. However, NPs are prone to irreversible aggregation, which leads to NP instability and loss of functions. To remedy this shortcoming, stabilizers like polymers and surfactants are incorporated on NPs. Stabilizers not only increase the stability of NPs, but also improve their characteristics. The current review focused on discussing the state of the art in research on synthesizing phytochemical-based NPs and their commonly employed stabilizers. Furthermore, stabilizers in these NPs were also discussed in terms of their applications, effects, and underlying mechanisms. This review aimed to provide more references for developing stabilizers and NPs for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study highlights the use of red palm oil (RPO) as an alternative to dairy fat in a hard ice cream sample in the presence of different stabilizers; maltodextrin (MALTOD) and modified starch (MSTARCH). No stabilizer was added in the control sample (CO), while the different ratios of RPO to each stabilizer were 4:1, 3:2, and 2:3, coded as MALTOD1, MALTOD2, MALTOD3 for maltodextrin, and MSTARCH1, MSTARCH2, and MSTARCH3 for modified starch, respectively. These samples were compared regarding overrun, physical, and sensory properties. For MALTOD, sample MALTOD3 had the highest overrun (49.31±13.78%), while MALTOD2 had the highest viscosity (7.90±0.03 Pa.s) and hardness (1.09±0.07 kg), and MALTOD1 had the lowest melting properties (61.10±0.20%). For MSTARCH, sample MSTARCH1 had the highest hardness (3.39±0.07 kg), MSTARCH2 had the highest overrun (67.64±2.27%), and MSTARCH3 had the highest viscosity (8.19±0.24 Pa.s) and the lowest melting properties (39.83±0.20%). Samples MALTOD3 and MSTARCH1 were selected for comparison with commercial samples in terms of sensory acceptance and preference. There was no significant difference (p > 0.05) between the sensory acceptability of MALTOD3 and MSTARCH1. However, both samples received a significantly lower (p < 0.05) ranking than the commercial samples in terms of appearance, texture, flavour, meltability, and overall acceptance. Future studies are recommended to improve the RPO-based ice cream sample, particularly in terms of its sensory properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Innotec is the property of Laboratorio Tecnologico del Uruguay and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study aimed to identify the stabilizers which could help increase the strength of adobe blocks made of black cotton soil. The objectives were to find out the different stabilizers which have already been explored and find out the suitable ones for making adobe blocks of black cotton soil. The adobe blocks cast out of black cotton soil and different local stabilizers were tested for compressive strength, as they are used for the construction of walls, where the important property is to withstand the compressive load. The conclusions of the study were that out of all the compositions tried the best block composition for making the blocks was black cotton soil 66% + Sand 25% + lime 8% + plastic fibers 1%, as they have compressive strength 1.17N/mm², they are good in aesthetics and also prevent the growth of fungus. Adobe blocks cost less than burnt bricks and further savings can be achieved if they are self-made. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aimed to develop miconazole-based microemulsions using oleic acid as a natural lipophilic phase and a stabilizer mixture comprising Tween 20 and PEG 400 to solubilize miconazole as an antifungal agent known for its activity in oral candidiasis and to improve its bioavailability. The formulation and preparation process was combined with a mathematical approach using a 23-full factorial plan. Fluid and gel-like microemulsions were obtained and analyzed considering pH, conductivity, and refractive index, followed by extensive analyses focused on droplet size, zeta potential, rheological behavior, and goniometry. In vitro release tests were performed to assess their biopharmaceutical characteristics. Independent variables coded X1-Oleic acid (%, w/w), X2-Tween 20 (%, w/w), and X3-PEG 400 (%, w/w) were analyzed in relationship with three main outputs like mean droplet size, work of adhesion, and diffusion coefficient by combining statistical tools with response surface methodology. The microemulsion containing miconazole base–2%, oleic acid–5%, Tween 20–40%, PEG 400–20%, and water–33% exhibited a mean droplet size of 119.6 nm, a work of adhesion of 71.98 mN/m, a diffusion coefficient of 2.11·10−5 cm2/s, and together with remarked attributes of two gel-like systems formulated with higher oil concentrations, modeled the final optimization step of microemulsions as potential systems for buccal delivery.

Early estimation of the fatigue life of an oil well drill string reduces the risk associated with drill string fatigue failures. In this study, a low-order computationally efficient bond graph model of a vertical well drill string and a component-level higher-order finite element model of a drill pipe threaded connection are employed to predict the fatigue damage of a given drill pipe. The bond graph is a 3D lumped segment model developed using the Newton–Euler formulation and body fixed coordinates. It is parameterized using finite element modelling simulations. The stress history from the top-level model is applied to the component-level model that contains details such as threaded geometry. Then, a multi-axial, non-proportional, and variable amplitude (MNV) fatigue estimation is performed using an open-source finite element analysis code. The fatigue prognosis approach is then demonstrated in a drill string design case study that optimizes the placement of vibration stabilizers in the wellbore to avoid severe vibrations while minimizing fatigue damage. Optimal placement of stabilizers predicts a 200% increase in fatigue life of the most vulnerable component with reference to the worst-case scenario.

The aim of this study is to formulate polymeric paclitaxel nanoparticles with various stabilizers to improve solubility, enhance stability, maximize therapeutic efficacy and minimize detrimental toxicities of paclitaxel. In this study, trastuzumab-guided poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA)-loaded paclitaxel nanoparticles were formulated with pluronic F-127, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), poloxamer 407, Tween-80, span 20, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), and sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) at different concentrations (0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2%) using the solvent evaporation method. The nanoparticles were evaluated for physicochemical characteristics and short and long-term stability. The optimum particle size (190 nm ± 12.42 to 350 nm ± 11.1), PDI (0.13 ± 0.02 to 0.2 ± 0.01), surface charge (-19.1mv ± 1.5 to −40.4mv ± 1.6), drug loading (2.43 to 9.5 %) and encapsulation efficiency (greater than 80 %) were obtained with these stabilizers while keeping the polymer concentration, temperature, probe size, amplitude and sonication time constant. The nanoformulations were stably stored at 4 °C. The nanoformulations of paclitaxel with pluronic F-127, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and poloxamer 407 were found to be more soluble, stable, uniform in physicochemical properties, and efficient in drug loading and encapsulation for improved therapeutic effects.

Stabilizers are used to enhance the textural properties and shelf-life of the foods without altering their nutritional properties. The availability of a wide array of stabilizers makes the selection of suitable stabilizers a tedious job. The purpose of this review is to provide a comprehensive picture of the extraction/production, chemistry, techno-functional properties, stability, safety and food and therapeutic applications of natural, microbial and modified stabilizers. The cost and safety aspects have also been discussed. This review also appraises and provides insights on the potential suitability of different stabilizers in diverse food sectors viz., bakery, dairy, meat and fruit and vegetables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two types of stabilizers (HPMB and PS 209) were used in concentrations of 1%; 1.5%; 2% and 2.5% to monitor changes in the oil- holding capacity of almond pastes. The results are reported on the influence of each stabilizer after one, two, three, four, five and six months of storage, and as the most suitable stabilizers in terms of type and quantity to prevent the layering of almond paste are selected – 2% PS209 and 2.5 % HPMB. Almond pastes are developed with the established appropriate amounts of stabilizers and with added cricket powder (in three different concentrations – 5, 10 and 15%) and the color indicators are determined. Color differences (ΔE) in almond pastes increased with increasing amount of added cricket powder when using each one of the stabilizers. The more powder is added, the more pronounced the changes that occur. All samples with stabilizer PS 209 are characterized by lower values of color differences (ΔE) – from 2.13 to 3.5, while those with stabilizer PS 209 are in the range of 4.71 to 9.31. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Calcium looping process is a promising approach for CO2 capture from the flue gas of fossil fuel power plants and the cement industry. Even though the advantages of calcium‐based sorbents are low cost and high uptake capacity, they suffer from low durability during cycles. Modified sorbents were fabricated by adding alumina and zirconia and the mixture of alumina and zirconia to calcium oxide via the co‐precipitation method. The performance of synthesized sorbents in terms of stability and CO2 capture capacity were evaluated using a fixed bed reactor in various CO2 sorption/desorption cycles. The sorbents were fabricated by a co‐precipitation methodology using 10% binders (alumina and/or silica). X‐ray diffraction (XRD), BET/BJH, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were conducted for characterization of synthesized sorbents. CaO‐10% ZrO2 showed the best performance among the fabricated sorbents in terms of stability during 5 cycles and CO2 capacity (14 mmol CO2/g sorbent). The formation of CaZrO3 with a perovskite structure and high‐temperature resistance could be attributed to well performance of zirconia‐supported sorbent. On the other hand, no sign of aluminum zirconate formation was approved in XRD analysis for the fabricated sorbent using mixed binders of zirconia and alumina to enhance its stability during cycles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The inhibition efficiency of various stabilizers and the enhancing behavior of accelerators were studied by gravimetric analysis in electroless copper plating which is quite in need for industrial applications like electronics industries, very large-scale industries, oil, and textile field. The effect of temperature ranging from 303 K to 343 K could be understood from the Arrhenius plot. The activation energy (Ea) for the stabilizers employed showed a higher value in comparison with blank baths, thus exhibiting the inhibition property of the stabilizers. In a similar way, the accelerators possess higher activation energy for monocarboxylic acid than di and tricarboxylic acids. The trend obtained in the Arrhenius plot correlates well with Tafel polarization studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transthyretin (TTR) amyloid cardiomyopathy (ATTR-CM) is a progressive and increasingly recognized cause of heart failure which is associated with high mortality and morbidity. ATTR-CM is characterized by the misfolding of TTR monomers and their deposition within the myocardium as amyloid fibrils. The standard of care for ATTR-CM consists of TTR-stabilizing ligands, such as tafamidis, which aim at maintaining the native structure of TTR tetramers, thus preventing amyloid aggregation. However, their efficacy in advanced-staged disease and after long-term treatment is still a source of concern, suggesting the existence of other pathogenetic factors. Indeed, pre-formed fibrils present in the tissue can further accelerate amyloid aggregation in a self-propagating process known as "amyloid seeding". The inhibition of amyloidogenesis through TTR stabilizers combined with anti-seeding peptides may represent a novel strategy with additional benefits over current therapies. Finally, the role of stabilizing ligands needs to be reassessed in view of the promising results derived from trials which have evaluated alternative strategies, such as TTR silencers and immunological amyloid disruptors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Recent studies accelerated the discovery of various ice cream stabilizers. The present study aimed to analyze the impact of guar gum, sahlep (as a commercial stabilizer) and quince seed extract powder (as a novel stabilizer) on certain ice cream properties. Four ice cream samples were manufactured by adding quince seed extract powder (QSEP: 0.5% quince seed extract powder), sahlep (S: 0.5% sahlep), quince seed extract powder-sahlep combination (QSEP-S: 0.2% quince seed extract powder and 0.3% sahlep) and guar gum (G: 0.5% guar gum) to determine their effect as stabilizers. The chemical, physical, textural and sensory properties of the ice creams were determined on the 1st, 30th and 60th days of storage. First dripping time, total melting time and color values were (p < 0.05) significantly affected by different formulations and storage time. Hardness, cohesiveness, adhesiveness and gumminess of the samples were 303.9-692.4 g, 0.175–0.275 g, 2.59–4.88 mJ and 59.28-192.55 g, respectively. The highest total phenolic content (22.07 mg GAE/100 g ice cream) was determined in the ice cream with quince seed extract powder in initial storage. The microstructure of the ice creams produced with quince seed extract powder was quite different when compared to other samples. The lowest overrun (26.83%) was noted in the ice cream with guar gum. Ice cream with sahlep exhibited the highest general acceptability score, followed by QSEP-S, G and QSEP on the 1st and 60th days. Results demonstrated that quince seed extract powder could be employed as full or partial substitute for commercial stabilizers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Silver nanoparticles were prepared by the chemical reduction method. Silver nitrate was taken as a metal precursor and sodium borohydride as a reducing agent with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) stabilizers of different concentrations, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM) techniques have been used, these measurement results showed that the prepared material is silver nanoparticles. The average size of silver nanoparticles using the Scherrer equation with values ranging from 8.49-12.15nm. TEM images showed that the silver nanoparticles are spherical in size between 5-47nm. Nanoscale distribution of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) prepared at different concentrations was studied by AFM. Silver nanoparticles showed high antimicrobial and antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria such as Escherichia Coli and Gram-negative Staphylococcus aureus, whose bacterial activity was dependent on the concentration of PVA and PVP and the degree of intramolecular accumulation. Low concentrations of PVP lead to increase the activity, while high concentrations of PVA give better activity.

Background: Among patients with heart failure undergoing cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT), patients with a minimal change in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) have recently been defined as "nonprogressors" rather than as "nonresponders." Little is known regarding long-term outcomes of nonprogressors.Objective: We sought to evaluate outcomes in patients undergoing CRT on the basis of echocardiographically determined response status.Methods: We reviewed the medical charts of patients with an LVEF of ≤35% and a QRS duration of ≥120 ms undergoing CRT at the Cleveland Clinic, Johns Hopkins Hospital, and Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center between 2003 and 2014. Response to CRT was defined on the basis of LVEF change as follows: super-responders ≥20%, responders 6%-19%, nonprogressors 0%-5%, and progressors <0%. Survival free of left ventricular assist device (LVAD) and heart transplant was compared on the basis of response classification.Results: A total of 1058 patients were included and had a mean follow-up 8.7 ± 5.4 years, over which time there were 606 end points (37 LVAD implants, 32 heart transplants, and 537 deaths). Survival free of LVAD and heart transplant differed significantly between response groups after CRT both in the mid-term (4 years) and in the long-term (8.7 ± 5.4 years), with super-responders achieving the best outcomes and progressors the worst (P < .001). In multivariate analysis, nonprogressors had superior outcomes to progressors (P = .02) at 4 years of follow-up. Over the duration of follow-up (8.7 ± 5.4 years), there was no significant difference in survival between those 2 groups (P = .18).Conclusion: Nonprogressors to CRT have superior medium-term outcomes but similar long-term outcomes to progressors and inferior outcomes to responders and super-responders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acidified milk is normally divided into drinking (e.g. acidified milk drinks) and gelling (e.g. stirred/set yoghurt) types, and its texture is mainly determined by the state of casein micelles. Polysaccharides are widely applied as stabilizers in controlling the texture of acidified milk. On one hand, ionic polysaccharides can provide casein micelles with electrostatic repulsion and steric hindrance to ensure their dispersion so as to maintaining uniformity and fluidity of acidified milk drinks. On the other hand, both ionic and non-ionic polysaccharides can participate in the formation of acid-induced milk gel, which would result in improved texture and reduced wheying-off in acidified milk gel. In this study, firstly, the mechanisms of suspending casein micelles by commonly used ionic polysaccharides are reviewed. Secondly, the effects of both ionic and non-ionic polysaccharides in the formation of acidified milk gel are discussed. It is revealed that depending on the different interaction mechanisms of polysaccharides with casein, suitable polysaccharide stabilizers can be selected to meet the typical texture of acidified milks (drinking and gel types). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Self-assembled short peptides have intrigued scientists due to the convenience of synthesis, good biocompatibility, low toxicity, inherent biodegradability and fast response to change in the physiological environment. Therefore, it is necessary to present a comprehensive summary of the recent advances in the last decade regarding the construction, route of administration and application of self-assembled short peptides based on the knowledge on their unique and specific ability of self-assembly. Herein, we firstly explored the molecular mechanisms of self-assembly of short peptides, such as non-modified amino acids, as well as Fmoc-modified, N-functionalized, and C-functionalized peptides. Next, cell penetration, fusion, and peptide targeting in peptide-based drug delivery were characterized. Then, the common administration routes and the potential pharmaceutical applications (drug delivery, antibacterial activity, stabilizers, imaging agents, and applications in bioengineering) of peptide drugs were respectively summarized. Last but not least, some general conclusions and future perspectives in the relevant fields were briefly listed. Although with certain challenges, great opportunities are offered by self-assembled short peptides to the fascinating area of drug development.