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Approximately 4.4 million articles downloaded by Chinese researchers were identified based on downloads of 28 million articles from September 1, 2015, to February 29, 2016 posted on the Internet by J. Bohannon and A. Elbakyan. They were distributed by publishers of scientific periodicals and cities in comparison with article downloads by Russian researchers. Strongly skewed distributions of these downloads were obtained towards the leading cities and publishers. It is shown that the largest downloads of articles are observed in cities concentrated in the Central, Eastern and Southern provinces of China, as well as in the capital, central and eastern regions of Russia. At the same time, downloading of articles by scientists from the first three cities of China was 1.9 times higher than such downloading for the first three cities of Russia. It is shown that for both countries, the largest number of downloads of articles by their scientists falls on journals published by Elsevier, Springer, American Chemical Society and Wiley Blackwell. At the same time, the downloading of articles by Chinese scientists from the journals of the first three publishing houses was 2.8 times higher than the downloading of articles by Russian scientists from the journals of the same publishers. In conclusion, clustering of publications based on discussions around Sci-Hub has been done Sci-Hub, obtained as a result of a search through Google Scholar and Semantic Scholar. Six clusters of publications were identified, of which the largest were clusters of publications on the legitimacy, ethics, accessibility and countermeasures of Sci-Hub activity. Methods for implementing publishing and library measures to neutralize the activities of scientific piracy are proposed. The first measure was related to the dumping price for the sale of electronic copies of articles by publishers, and the second was related to the creation of an online platform for interlibrary loan of research articles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using data from seven R1 and R2 universities in Ohio, this study seeks to determine the extent of usage of full-text e-journal articles stored across multiple platforms. Specifically, COUNTER 5 data is presented from five major academic journal publishers (Taylor & Francis, SAGE, Oxford, Wiley, and Springer), looking at usage within each of the publishers' respective platforms, as well as in EBSCO, JSTOR, and OhioLINK's Electronic Journal Center platform. The overarching goal of the analysis is to identify where exactly usage occurred for this e-journal content within the different platforms, especially in cases where an individual title has duplicate full-text access. Analysis of this data was conducted using Tableau and Excel. Findings raise significant questions about end-user behavior in terms of students' and faculty's ability to locate full text, regardless of whether it is discoverable from Google or other commercial search engines. The findings also suggest a strong connection between EBSCO usage and the academic calendar, with peak usage (as a percentage of overall usage) occurring in October, November, March, and April. Lastly, findings for Taylor & Francis e-journals within EBSCO call into question what these duplicate holdings mean for "big deal" subscription packages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Information Library Magazine 'INFOLIB' is the property of National Library of Uzbekistan named after Alisher Navoi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Concrete-filled steel tube (CFST) stiff skeleton concrete arch bridges can be designed with longer spans using balanced ring-casting construction. However, this construction method induces non-planar sectional stress in the arch rings. To investigate the influence of the non-planar sectional stress on the seismic performance of arch bridges, we developed two numerical models of a typical arch bridge. The first model simulates the construction process of balanced ring-casting, while the second model ignores the construction process. The dynamic analysis results reveal that, if the construction process is ignored, the seismic risks of concrete cracking and reinforcement yielding in the arch rings will be underestimated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study utilizes COUNTER 5 data from the University of Dayton (UD) to measure full-text retrievals of e-journal articles from five major academic journal publishers (Taylor & Francis, SAGE, Oxford, Wiley, and Springer). Usage data from these publishers' e-journals within EBSCO is compared to the same content when accessed from publisher platforms such as Wiley Online Library or SpringerLINK. Building on previous studies that have largely focused on links (or referrals) from the library discovery layer to publisher platforms, this study analyzes usage of full text-articles stored within EBSCO Discovery Service and EBSCOhost subject databases to consider how these full-text holdings within EBSCO might affect referrals to publisher platforms. The findings indicate that full-text article holdings within EBSCO are used more often than the same content in publisher platforms, suggesting that UD students and researchers rely heavily on—and likely often start with—EBSCO for their learning and research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This research investigates the citation, usage, reach and readership of scholarly books published by Springer Nature in four areas of Pure Sciences, Engineering, Medical Sciences, and Social Sciences within three years after publication. Methodology: The current study is a descriptive – correlational research which is conducted using citation, altmetrics and usage-based indicators. The sample of study is comprised of 1184 electronic books from Springer published in 2013. The data was collected from Bookmetrix, Springer’s platform for monitoring the performance of books, which shows the number of citations in Crossref, the number of downloads in SpringerLink, the number of mentions in social media tools and the number of bookmarks in Mendeley. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS. Findings: Results of the study revealed that Springer books in pure sciences were more frequently cited than the other three subject areas. Like citation data, download statistics varied between scientific areas and the highest download count belonged to engineering books. Results showed that books in medicine received more social media attentions compared with those in social sciences, pure sciences and engineering. Regarding Mendeley bookmarks, the engineering books demonstrated the highest number of bookmarks among four studied research areas.All the studied books have been downloaded at-least once, while the proportion of bookmarked, cited and mentioned books was 90.2%, 67.9% and 19.5%, respectively. The highest number of downloads in all four subject areas was occurred 6 to 18 months after publication time. The results of running a series of correlation tests revealed statistically significant and positive associations among the number of citations, downloads, mentions and bookmarks in all four disciplines. Findings revealed that books with more download statistics also accumulated higher citation counts. The relationship between citations and downloads could be bilateral. On the one hand, early download may lead to more citations. On the other hand, documents may gain more attention and be downloaded because they acquire more visibility when they are cited. Conclusion: The results of the current study provide evidence that usage-based and social media-based metrics could act as the complement of traditional citation-based measures for assessing the impact of books and book chapters in a multidimensional way. This study also provides insights into different types of impact that scholarly books have and how they are being cited, downloaded and discussed in book-oriented and article-oriented disciplines. Librarians’ and researchers’ familiarity with alternative metrics are mandatory.

On the basis of the 28 million downloaded articles posted by J. Bohannon and A. Elbakyan on the Internet on the Sci-Hub resource for the period from September 1, 2015 to February 29, 2016, about 1.5 million articles downloaded by Russian researchers were identified. They were distributed by publishing houses of scientific periodicals, cities, and regions of Russia, from which the download took place. As an example, among the 521 cities in Russia, the largest downloads were observed by researchers from Moscow (731 100 articles), St. Petersburg (132 600), Novosibirsk (57 500), Kazan (55 100), and Tomsk (26 400). Comparisons are made with similar downloads of Ukrainian researchers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Über drei Jahre hielt ein Prozess die Schweizer Bibliothekslandschaft in Atem, der zwischen der Bibliothek der ETH-Zürich und den internationalen Großverlagen Elsevier, Springer und Thieme über die Rechtmäßigkeit des Dokumentenlieferdienstes der Bibliothek geführt wurde. Als nämlich im April 2014 der erstinstanzliche Entscheid des Handelsgerichts Zürich gegen die ETH-Bibliothek ausfiel (Urteil vom 7. April 2014, HG110271-O), war der Aufschrei groß. Man beeilte sich von vielen Seiten, öffentlich zu der Angelegenheit Stellung zu nehmen, denn es drohte mit einer möglichen Bestätigung des Urteils in zweiter Instanz ein wesentlicher Aufgabenbereich der Bibliotheken zu Lasten der öffentlichen Informationsversorgung wegzufallen. Mit dem letztinstanzlichen Entscheid des Bundesgerichts (Urteil vom 28. November 2014, 4A-295/2014)2, der das Zürcher Urteil wieder aufhob und für die ETH-Bibliothek entschied, beruhigten sich die Gemüter zwar, zurück bleibt aber ein Beigeschmack: Zu klar ist die Stoßrichtung der Wissenschaftsverlage hinsichtlich der Sicherung einer ihrer Haupteinnahmequellen – nämlich der Nutzung wissenschaftlicher Aufsätze. Ob dies nur der erste oder auch schon der letzte Streich war, ist abzuwarten. Aber der Rechtsstreit zeugt jedenfalls von der Nervosität der Großverlage, die im verstärkten Aufbau von Repositorien und OpenAccess-Plattformen zunehmend eine wachsende Konkurrenz sehen...

Gothic architecture can be viewed from several perspectives, including stylistic aspects, architectural theory, and structural analysis. As Gothic architecture is a skeletal construction, it is essential to achieve an equilibrium with the multiple loads and forces. Medieval master masons' architectural knowledge was firmly based on empirical learning, which stimulated the dynamic development of structural innovations. This paper emphasises and describes a particular type of vault springer, one of the most complicated and sensitive parts of Gothic construction. Known as tas-de-charge, it became especially characteristic of high Gothic architecture. According to its principle, the springer's lower courses contain the merged vault nerves and are carved from one single stone block in each course. The beds of these courses are not radial as those of the average voussoirs, but horizontal. Without the concept of tas-de-charge, the development of late Gothic vaults could not be imaginable. This particular solution made possible the creation of elegantly narrow imposts supporting the vault ribs, the double arch and the formerets. So far, tas-de-charge has not been a focus of interest in the historiography of Hungarian medieval architecture; however, it appears that it was commonly applied in our late Romanesque and early Gothic monuments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The usage statistics of online databases need to be studiedfrom various aspects, all ofwhich are usefulfor optimizing the use of the e-journal. This case study examines the eiournal service statistics 2007-2010, as well as its usage growth through the use of booking service of ejournal article at Gadjah Mada University Library. Ebsco is an online database of the most needed, followed by Proquest, JSTOR, Springer and ScienceDirect. Also found that most users ordering ejournal prefer to come straight away, although it's provided messaging and e-mail services.

Usage metrics have become increasingly popular in scientometric in recent years. While most current researches are limited to one single publisher or citation index database. In this study, the usage metrics are extended from one single platform to multiple platforms. We collect and analyze the usage counts of twenty journals in the field of biomedicine, computer, engineering and mathematics respectively from Springer and Web of Science (WoS). Statistics, correlation analysis, Jaccard similarity coefficient and overlay mapping are combined to explore differences and similarities between WoS usage counts and Springer usage counts. It is found that compared with the pay-for-access WoS, users prefer to visit publisher websites by the free, convenient and quick routes, such as bookmarks or general search engines. Then it depicts that Springer usage counts have better stratification in disciplines than WoS usage counts and Springer usage counts are less skewedly distributed than WoS usage counts in most disciplines. It also reveals that there are certain relationships between WoS usage counts and Springer usage counts. Finally, it demonstrates that WoS and Springer share a broad user interests in common and WoS and Springer also have their own unique user interests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Über drei Jahre hielt ein Prozess die Schweizer Bibliothekslandschaft in Atem, der zwischen der Bibliothek der ETH-Zürich und den internationalen Großverlagen Elsevier, Springer und Thieme über die Rechtmäßigkeit des Dokumentenlieferdienstes der Bibliothek geführt wurde. Als nämlich im April 2014 der erstinstanzliche Entscheid des Handelsgerichts Zürich gegen die ETH-Bibliothek ausfiel (Urteil vom 7. April 2014, HG110271-O)1, war der Aufschrei groß. Man beeilte sich von vielen Seiten, öffentlich zu der Angelegenheit Stellung zu nehmen, denn es drohte mit einer möglichen Bestätigung des Urteils in zweiter Instanz ein wesentlicher Aufgabenbereich der Bibliotheken zu Lasten der öffentlichen Informationsversorgung wegzufallen. Mit dem letztinstanzlichen Entscheid des Bundesgerichts (Urteil vom 28. November 2014, 4A-295/2014)2, der das Zürcher Urteil wieder aufhob und für die ETH-Bibliothek entschied, beruhigten sich die Gemüter zwar, zurück bleibt aber ein Beigeschmack: Zu klar ist die Stoßrichtung der Wissenschaftsverlage hinsichtlich der Sicherung einer ihrer Haupteinnahmequellen – nämlich der Nutzung wissenschaftlicher Aufsätze. Ob dies nur der erste oder auch schon der letzte Streich war, ist abzuwarten. Aber der Rechtsstreit zeugt jedenfalls von der Nervosität der Großverlage, die im verstärkten Aufbau von Repositorien und OpenAccess-Plattformen zunehmend eine wachsende Konkurrenz sehen.

Aiming to investigate the citation advantage of author-pays model, the present communication compares open access (OA) and Toll Access (TA) papers recognition in author-pays OA journals in 2007-2011. This is the first large scale study concentrating on all APC-funded OA journals published by Springer and Elsevier as the two greatest publishers authorizing and embracing the model. According to the research findings, the OA papers have been exponentially increased in recent years. They are, also, found to outperform the TA ones in their impacts whether in the annual comparisons or across disciplines. The annual OA citation advantages range from 21.36 % for 2009 to 49.71 % for 2008. Social Sciences and Humanities (with 3.14 %) and Natural Sciences (with 35.95 %) gain the lowest and the highest advantages, respectively. The citation advantage can be attributed to the higher visibility of the OA articles, implying the popularity and usefulness of the OA author-pays model to their readership. It may, also, have roots in the selectivity of the authors in choosing the author-pays outlet to publish their high-quality papers, signifying the overall prestige of the OA papers published in the model. Whatever may be the ultimate interpretation, i.e. correlation or causation, the OA citation advantage may encourage the authors who are willing to support OA movement, while seeking to get published in the well-established traditional journals. This may help approach the not-yet-achieved critical mass necessary to evaluate the success of the model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is based on what has been outlined in ‘Part I’ and on additional references to other new German work, as well as to articles by two of the protagonists of the 1870s and 1880s, Anton Springer and Moritz Thausing. The central issue is the nineteenth century’s desire for a Verwissenschaftlichung of the subject, to render the subject ‘purely scientific’. Principally this concerns the way in which older kinds of connoisseurship were juxtaposed to the new claims of a strictly ‘historical’ approach. Much shorter sections touch on aspects of style, iconography and form, as well as on the history of the provision of illustrations.

Part I. Some younger German art historians have lately spent much effort on exploring the history of their discipline, especially that of the period c. 1820 to 1880. This article concentrates on three works, by Locher, Prange and Rößler, but takes note of books and articles by a number of other recent authors as well. Of particular interest has been the nineteenth century conundrum, summarised as: empirical ‘scientificness’ and, or versus, the metaphysics of ‘art’. It can be found in the writings of two to three generations of German art historians, from Rumohr to Kugler, to Schnaase and to Burckhardt, Springer and Justi. In order to reach an understanding of how the old authors arrived at their analyses, as regards their theories as well as in their dealings with individual works of art, the new investigations use a range of approaches: A broadly contextualised cultural history, a history of ideas approach which concentrates on major philosophical tenets and an approach which explores the textual-organisational structures of the old writings in a more literary sense. In due recognition of both the perspicacity and the thoroughness of the new books this article aims to provide a comprehensive report rather than an overtly critical review. Summarising considerations as well as further problematisations of some of the major issues can be found in ‘Part II’.

The paper considers the history of how the scientific journal Moscow University Biological Sciences Bulletin (MUBSB) evolved during the last 7 years. It is the English edition of the Russian scientific peer-reviewed journal of the School of Biology of Lomonosov Moscow State University MSU Vestnik (Herald). Series 16. Biology. MUBSB is published by Allerton Press, a member of the Nauka/Interperiodica International Academic Publishing Company since 2007. The rapid progress of MUBSB in recent years is apparently due to the journal having been distributed since 2007 by the internationally renowned Springer publishing consortium that places electronic versions of all articles on its website, which has, to all appearances, led to a manifold increase in the number of journal subscribers. As a result, the number of downloads of MUBSB papers from the publishing company website also raised by an order of magnitude from 2007 to 2013. The growing popularity of the journal is noted to have lead to its inclusion in a number of international databases, and this, in turn, has increased its attractiveness for a large number of authors, including Russian nonmembers of Moscow State University, as well as scientists from research institutes and universities of other countries. The main features of the spectrum of the papers published in MUBSB are briefly considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ricopio, per chi non segue il nostro servizio Twitter, la notizia uscita ieri su Ciber Newsletter, su PLEIADI e altrove. I mostruosi margini di profitto delle multinazionali dell’editoria scientifica sono riportati qui. Aggiornamento 2/2/2012: la risposta di Springer è visibile qui; quella di Elsevier qui. Qui c’è un’analisi dei loro argomenti. Aggiornamento 3/2/2012: l’Economist si [...]

In this research, we propose a method to trace scientist's research trends realtimely. By monitoring the downloads of scientific articles in the journal of Scientometrics for 744 h, namely one month, we investigate the download statistics. Then we aggregate the keywords in these downloaded research papers, and analyze the trends of article downloading and keyword downloading. Furthermore, taking both the downloads of keywords and articles into consideration, we design a method to detect the emerging research trends. We find that in scientometrics field, social media, new indices to quantify scientific productivity (g-index), webometrics, semantic, text mining, and open access are emerging fields that scientometrics researchers are focusing on. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

“Los bombardearemos hasta devolverlos a la Edad de Piedra". Así, el general de las fuerzas de aire de los Estados Unidos explico la feroz ofensiva que realizaron sus aviones militares en Vietnam, territorio sobre el que lanzaron cerca de ocho millones de bombas, cuatro veces el total de las utilizadas en la Segunda Guerra Mundial. Sin embargo, los dramas humanos sucedidos en tiempos de guerra no cesan con la finalización de las hostilidades, y las sociedades inmersas en procesos y transiciones tipo posconflicto enfrentan grandes retos y desafíos que deben ser sorteados exitosamente, o de lo contrario es probable que nuevamente se activen los conflictos armados de manera mucho más violenta. En ese sentido, es muy diciente el testimonio anónimo de un soldado que regresa a su aldea después de la guerra: "Volví a Japón de las regiones sureñas el 20 de mayo. Encontré mi casa quemada, mi mujer y mis hijos desaparecidos. Mi poco dinero se fue rápidamente con los altos precios y me convertí en una figura miserable. Nadie me hablo con compasión. Al contrario, me miraron con odio. Atormentado y sin trabajo, un demonio se apodero de mi”

Abstract: A novel method is proposed to monitor and record scientists’ working timetable. We record the downloads information of scientific papers real-timely from Springer round the clock, and try to explore scientists’ working habits. As our observation demonstrates, many scientists are still engaged in their research after working hours every day. Many of them work far into the night, even till next morning. In addition, research work also intrudes into their weekends. Different working time patterns are revealed. In the US, overnight work is more prevalent among scientists, while Chinese scientists mostly have busy weekends with their scientific research. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The article discusses the utilisation of near shore areas by different species as well as their ways of surpassing the challenges that come along with inhabiting these areas. It mentions the cruciality of near shore habitats to small coastal sharks which are susceptible to environmental and anthropogenic impacts. It also relates the theoretical models of coastal shark populations which overshadows smaller bodied coastal species. Moreover, it explores the population model that intends to explain the hypothetical shark population distribution as well as the need for them to cope and adapt to unfavourable conditions to be able to survive. The productiveness of nearshore regions for offering a wide variety of habitat for shark species is also highlighted.

images.MD is a searchable collection of more than 70,000 medical images, charts, and tables from atlases published by The Current Medical Group LLC. Images may be saved and used for personal study or teaching. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The wind energy sector is growing rapidly. Wind turbines are increasing in size, leading to higher tip velocities. The leading edges of the blades interact with rain droplets, causing erosion damage over time. In order to mitigate the erosion, coating materials are required to protect the blades. To predict the fatigue lifetime of coated substrates, the Springer model is often used. The current work summarizes the research performed using this model in the wind energy sector and studies the sensitivity of the model to its input parameters. It is shown that the Springer model highly depends on the Poisson ratio, the strength values of the coating and the empirically fitted a 2 constant. The assumptions made in the Springer model are not physically representative, and we reasoned that more modern methods are required to accurately predict coating lifetimes. The proposed framework is split into three parts—(1) a contact pressure model, (2) a coating stress model and (3) a fatigue strength model—which overall is sufficient to capture the underlying physics during rain erosion of wind turbine blades. Possible improvements to each of the individual aspects of the framework are proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]