Search

Introduction. The visceral cavity of teleostean fishes contains the kidneys, digestive tube and annexed glands, gas bladder, gonads, and spleen. Objective: To analyze and describe the anatomic relationships of the organs of the visceral cavity of the Mexican mojarra, Eugerres mexicanus. Methods: By means of dissections, we analyzed, described and illustrated the splanchnology of the visceral cavity of 10 adult specimens from the State of Chiapas, Mexico. Results: The visceral cavity is delimited by the precaudal vertebrae, the scapular and pelvic girdles, the pleural ribs, the first anal pterygiophore and several myotomes. Both kidneys, with extraperitoneal character are partially fused to each other, and contact the neurocranium, the precaudal vertebrae, and the gas bladder. The digestive tube does not present a stomach nor pyloric caeca, and it is 1.3 the standard length of the fish. The liver has two short right lobes. Both ovaries and testes are wide and reach the liver. The spleen is ovoid and is located on the left side of the duodenum. The gas bladder has two anterior lobes, its posterior end is in direct contact with the floor of the visceral cavity, and contain the urinary bladder. Discussion: The organization of the organs in the visceral cavity is in the anatomical pattern of the teleostean fishes, however, the organ that shows the highest number of special characters is the gas bladder, which as in other species of Eugerres is large and shows two notable anterior lobes, reinforced by epipleural ribs. Compared with other species of Eugerres, the Mexican mojarra shows, as exclusive characters: a) the union of the posterior end of the gas bladder with the floor of the visceral cavity, and, b) the location of the urinary bladder within the gas bladder. Resumen Introducción: La cavidad visceral de los peces teleósteos contiene a los riñones, el tubo digestivo con sus glándulas anexas, la vejiga gaseosa, las gónadas y el bazo. Objetivo: Analizar y describir las relaciones topográficas de los órganos de la cavidad visceral de la “mojarra mexicana” Eugerres mexicanus. Metodología: Mediante disecciones se analizó y describió la esplacnología de la cavidad visceral de 10 ejemplares adultos recolectados en el estado de Chiapas, México. Resultados: La cavidad visceral, está delimitada por las vértebras precaudales, las cinturas, las costillas pleurales, el primer pterigióforo anal y varios miotomos. Los riñones, los cuales son extraperitoneales, están parcialmente fusionados entre sí. El sistema digestivo carece de estómago y ciegos pilóricos y su longitud corresponde a 1.3 de la longitud patrón. El hígado tiene dos lóbulos derechos. Las gónadas maduras son amplias. La vejiga gaseosa desarrolla dos lóbulos anteriores y su extremo posterior se une al piso de la cavidad visceral, e incluye a la vejiga urinaria. Discusión: La organización de la cavidad visceral y sus órganos corresponde al patrón morfológico de los peces teleósteos, siendo la vejiga gaseosa el órgano que muestra el mayor número de caracteres especiales, como los lóbulos anteriores, la unión de su extremo inferior al piso de la cavidad visceral y la ubicación de la vejiga urinaria en su interior. Estos dos últimos caracteres la distinguen de otras especies del género Eugerres.

Gross anatomy is considered one of the most challenging subjects in teaching veterinary medicine. The use of body painting is reported in teaching surface human anatomy, but such reports are scarce in veterinary medicine. The aim of this study was to describe a practical session for teaching surface anatomy using body painting with second-semester students of veterinary medicine. Two practical sessions using live animals (equine and bovine) were offered with a focus on the locomotor and nervous systems and splanchnology. Students believed that the body painting sessions helped them to understand the localization of structures, promoting long-term retention and integration of knowledge, and to approach large animals with more self-confidence. Forty-nine students took three short theoretical and practical exams: a pre-test on splanchnology (Q1), an immediate post-test on splanchnology (Q2), and a post-test after 7 weeks on the locomotor and nervous systems (Q3). Correct answers for theoretical Q1 and Q2 were statistically different (2.04 and 3.11 out of 5, respectively; p < .001), and higher scores were found for Q3 compared with Q1 (2.49 and 1.02 out of 5, respectively). The most common error observed in practical Q1 was underestimation of the real size of organs such as lungs, rumen in cattle, and cecum in horses. The results showed that body painting sessions improved learning of anatomical concepts and could serve as a bridge between cadaver anatomy and living animal anatomy. More body painting sessions could be included in other semesters of the veterinary medicine curriculum to better integrate anatomy knowledge.

Introduction. The visceral cavity of teleostean fishes contains the kidneys, digestive tube and annexed glands, gas bladder, gonads, and spleen. Objective: To analyze and describe the anatomic relationships of the organs of the visceral cavity of the Mexican mojarra, Eugerres mexicanus. Methods: By means of dissections, we analyzed, described and illustrated the splanchnology of the visceral cavity of 10 adult specimens from the State of Chiapas, Mexico. Results: The visceral cavity is delimited by the precaudal vertebrae, the scapular and pelvic girdles, the pleural ribs, the first anal pterygiophore and several myotomes. Both kidneys, with extraperitoneal character are partially fused each other, and contact the neurocranium, the precaudal vertebrae, and the gas bladder. The digestive tube does not present a stomach nor pyloric caeca, and it is 1.3 the standard length of the fish. The liver has two short right lobes. Both ovaries and testes are wide and reach the liver. The spleen is ovoid and is located on the left side of the duodenum. The gas bladder has two anterior lobes, its posterior end is in direct contact with the floor of the visceral cavity, and contain the urinary bladder. Discussion: The organization of the organs in the visceral cavity is in the anatomical pattern of the teleostean fishes, however, the organ that shows the highest number of special characters is the gas bladder, which as in other species of Eugerres is large and shows two notable anterior lobes, reinforced by epipleural ribs. Compared with other species of Eugerres, the Mexican mojarra shows, as exclusive characters: a) the union of the posterior end of the gas bladder with the floor of the visceral cavity, and, b) the location of the urinary bladder within the gas bladder. Introducción: La cavidad visceral de los peces teleósteos contiene a los riñones, el tubo digestivo con sus glándulas anexas, la vejiga gaseosa, las gónadas y el bazo. Objetivo: Analizar y describir las relaciones topográficas de los órganos de la cavidad visceral de la “mojarra mexicana” Eugerres mexicanus. Metodología: Mediante disecciones se analizó y describió la esplacnología de la cavidad visceral de 10 ejemplares adultos recolectados en el estado de Chiapas, México. Resultados: La cavidad visceral, está delimitada por las vértebras precaudales, las cinturas, las costillas pleurales, el primer pterigióforo anal y varios miotomos. Los riñones, los cuales son extraperitoneales, están parcialmente fusionados entre sí. El sistema digestivo carece de estómago y ciegos pilóricos y su longitud corresponde a 1.3 la longitud patrón. El hígado tiene dos lóbulos derechos. Las gónadas maduras son amplias. La vejiga gaseosa desarrolla dos lóbulos anteriores y su extremo posterior se une al piso de la cavidad visceral, e incluye a la vejiga urinaria. Discusión: La organización de la cavidad visceral y sus órganos corresponde al patrón morfológico de los peces teleósteos, siendo la vejiga gaseosa el órgano que muestra el mayor número de caracteres especiales, como los lóbulos anteriores, la unión de su extremo inferior al piso de la cavidad visceral y la ubicación de la vejiga urinaria en su interior. Estos dos últimos caracteres la distinguen de otras especies del género Eugerres.

The study was carried out using a number of 14 chinchillas, 12 males and 2 females. The purpose was to determine the slaughter parameters. The main characteristics used on the study were: different organs weight and size. The mean weight of the group before slaughtering was 458.33 g and after slaughtering 352.5 g. It has been noticed that the measurements taken in the study were positively correlated.

La adherencia a espacios virtuales de enseñanza y aprendizaje (EVEA) y su utilidad en la enseñanza de la anatomía humana fue demostrada en estudios preliminares. El objetivo fue evaluar el rendimiento con un EVEA en la rotación de Esplacnología determinando las características pedagógicas en su enseñanza topográfica. Se realizó un estudio observacional, de tipo transversal, mediante el uso de un EVEA como un recurso pedagógico adicional a los trabajos prácticos (TP) de Esplacnología. Se implementó en 352 alumnos de la asignatura Anatomía, se valoró la adherencia y rendimiento obtenido con diferentes estrategias pedagógicas provistas en el EVEA y se aplicaron parámetros estadísticos a los resultados. Determinamos especificidades en el uso y las características laborales de los alumnos que influyeron en el rendimiento, obteniendo mejores resultados en los TP de abdomen (86,08% de aprobados) y en actividades que incluyeron imágenes (TP aprobados= 81,32%; TP aprobados con el 100% de respuestas correctas= 44,53%). La cantidad de horas trabajadas semanales fue directamente proporcional al promedio de ingresos (R2=0,82) e inversamente al tiempo promedio de logueo (R2=0,84). En nuestra cohorte objetivamos beneficios en el estudio de la Esplacnología con un espacio virtual de enseñanza y aprendizaje como recurso pedagógico adicional a los trabajos prácticos. Adherence to virtual teaching and learning spaces (VTLS) and their usefulness when teaching human anatomy have been shown in preliminary studies. The aim was to evaluate performance with a VTLS on Splanchnology rotation by specifying the pedagogical characteristics of its topographic teaching. A cross-sectional observational study was conducted using a VTLS as a pedagogic resource additional to practical works (PW) on Splanchnology. It was implemented in 352 students from the Anatomy course; adherence and performance were assessed through different pedagogical strategies provided in the VTLS, and statistical standards were applied to results. We established specificities in the students' use and working characteristics influencing performance, and achieved better results in PW on the abdomen (86.08% students passed) and image-including tasks (passed PW=81.32%; passed PW with 100% correct answers = 44.53%). The number of weekly hours devoted to work was directly proportional to the average number of logins (R2=0.82) and inversely proportional to average login time (R2=0.84). Our cohort objectified benefits in the study of Splanchnology with a virtual teaching and learning space as a pedagogic resource additional to practical works.

The topography and splanchnology of the reproductive organs of the African lioness were studied and described in situ and after removal. The kidneys were located far caudally in relation to the thirteenth ribs. The suspensory ligament was very well developed, originated in a fan-like manner from the dorsolateral abdominal wall lateral to the kidney and extended up to a few centimetres cranial to the kidney. The proper ligament of the ovary as well as the round ligament was well developed. The round ligament inserted on the medial femoral fascia. The left ovary was bigger than the right. The ovarian bursa had a short mesosalpinx that did not cover any part of the ovary and the fimbriae extended along the entire length. The urethral tuberculum as well as the urethral crest were well developed. The left uterine horn was longer than the right. The uterine tube was found to open directly into the tip of the uterine horn and not onto a papilla. The reproductive organs of the lioness resembled those of the domestic cat and dog but with some major differences.

The literature of mammalian splanchnology contains but a single reference to the tonsillar morphology of the Rhinocerotidae, viz. Owen's (1852) cursory description of the faucial (palatine) tonsil in an Indian rhinoceros {Rhinoceros unicornis). Herein a fuller account is given of the tonsillar formations present in the lateral food channel of another Indian rhinoceros specimen and of specimens of the Sumatran rhinoceros (Didermocerus suma-trensis), the African White rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum) and the African Black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis). Attention is drawn to the invariable presence of tonsillar tissue in the rhinoceros pyriform fossa and to its frequent manifestation therein as an anatomically discrete and hitherto unrecognized organ, the laryngopharyngeal tonsil. This structure, functionally supplementary to the faucial tonsil, would appear to develop independently from the lympho-thymic primordium of the embryonal third pharyngeal pouch. Its anatomy is described and its morphological significance is discussed.

As a contribution to rhinoceros splanchnology obsevations are submitted upon the gross and microscopical anatomy of the rhinoceros thyroid and parathyroid glands, following a particular examination of these organs in examples of the genera Rhinoceros, Didermocerus, Ceratotherium and Diceros.