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This research builds on the idea that the exchange of resources between leaders and followers can influence the behavior of employees. Specifically, the study investigates how leaders can develop strong leader-member exchange (LMX) with their followers, and how this exchange can lead to increased employee voice behavior. The study analyzed data collected from 365 individual employees working in Chinese organization. The findings indicate that LMX acts as a mediator between spiritual leadership and employee voice behavior. The strength of this mediation, however, depends on the followers' level of traditionality orientation. Notably, the findings indicate that the effect is significant only among individuals who exhibit low traditionality. Theoretical contributions and implications for practice are discussed in later sections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the current global landscape, characterized by religious fervour, social and political unrest, economic instability, and environmental challenges, spiritual leaders stand as pivotal agents of change. Their role is especially crucial in contexts marred by ingrained injustices and persistent conflicts, such as the Palestinian–Israeli settler colonial context—a reality I have been intimately involved with over three decades of reconciliation work. This paper contextualizes scholarship on spiritual leadership within the Palestinian–Israeli context by integrating it with settler colonial theory. By applying insights about spiritual leadership to this context, three key traits of spiritual leaders—(1) spiritual authority, (2) discernment, and (3) the ethical use of power—are identified as essential for envisioning an alternative future. By embodying these traits, spiritual leaders can effectively guide their communities through the multifaceted realities, advocating a transformative approach to leadership and interreligious work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study was twofold: firstly, to develop a novel scale for measuring the concept of spiritual leadership, and secondly, to evaluate the psychometric properties of this scale. The principal objective was to facilitate the assessment of spiritual leadership on the part of managerial personnel. In the course of the research, a three-stage process was undertaken. In the initial phase, the theoretical underpinnings of the concept were established through a comprehensive review of the spiritual leadership literature, and an item pool was constructed. In the second stage, exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was employed to ascertain the factor structure of the scale. In the third stage, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was employed to corroborate the identified structure and criterion validity analysis was conducted. The EFA results indicated that the scale exhibited a single-factor structure. The CFA results demonstrated that the model exhibited good fit indices, thereby confirming the single-factor structure. In the reliability analyses, the internal consistency coefficient (Cronbach's alpha) of the scale was 0.988, which indicated a high level of reliability. These findings collectively demonstrate that the spiritual leadership scale possesses sufficient validity and reliability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Faith community nursing often is anchored in a community through local networks that support the development of both the ministry and the faith community nurse. Such local networks are established and sustained through the leadership of faith community nurses (FCNs). A research study interviewed nurses recognized as foundational to the development of FCNs in the United States from 1984 to 2000. The Waterwheel Model of Spiritual Leadership was used as a construct for interviewing 24 FCN leaders discovered through Delphi methodology. An adaptation of Colazzi’s method of qualitative analysis was used to analyze data collected in videotaped format. Three predominant themes emerged that may be instrumental to developing future FCN leaders and growth of this specialty nursing practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hope as a feature in both authentic and spiritual leadership theory has become a diminished moral concept, departing from its philosophical and theological roots, and distorted by excessive positivity, success, instrumentalization, cultural bias, and ideology. Following Ciulla's (2014) assertion that biography can do much to inform leadership theory, this paper contributes a richer understanding of hope through the though case of Václav Havel and the Charter 77 human rights movement in Czechoslovakia using French existentialist Gabriel Marcel's ethics of hope. Five elements of Marcel's philosophy demonstrate hope's transforming vulnerability amidst technological control, relationship with despair, active presence, creative fidelity, and transcending power in love. Examining Czechoslovakia's human rights movement through the lens of Marcellian ethics provides insight into the role of absurdity and truth-telling as a precursor to hope, taking responsibility for failure, overcoming fear through the "solidarity of the shaken," creative fidelity through living in truth and using humor, and love manifesting as sacrifice and openness to seeing one's contribution to the moral contamination of society under totalitarianism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to identify the effect of spiritual leadership on organizational Virtuousness in government institutions in Dhofar Governorate. This study was applied to five government institutions represented in (Dhofar Municipality, Consumer Protection Authority, General Directorate of Health Services, General Directorate of Awqaf and Religious Affairs, and the General Directorate of Education). The size of the study population consisted of (2360) employees, a simple random sample of individuals working in these institutions was selected, amounting to (327) employees, and questionnaires were distributed to them. A number of (297) questionnaires were retrieved and valid for statistical analysis. An electronic questionnaire was relied upon as a source for data collection. The analytical descriptive approach was adopted to achieve the objectives of the study, and structural equation modeling was used to analyze the data through the AMOS program. One of the most important findings of the study is that the degree of availability of spiritual leadership in the institutions of the study sample came at a high level of relative importance, and likewise with regard to organizational Virtuousness. The results also revealed that there was a statistically significant positive effect of the two dimensions of spiritual leadership (altruism and membership) on organizational virtuousness, and that there was no positive effect of the dimensions (vision, hope, and meaning) on organizational virtuousness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spirituality has been a core component of human existence from the very beginning of human life. From mysticism to healing to psychics, millions of people throughout history have explored their spiritual connections to something greater than themselves. We explore the nature of spirituality and why it is so hard for humans to understand its dimensions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract This research builds on the idea that the exchange of resources between leaders and followers can influence the behavior of employees. Specifically, the study investigates how leaders can develop strong leader-member exchange (LMX) with their followers, and how this exchange can lead to increased employee voice behavior. The study analyzed data collected from 365 individual employees working in Chinese organization. The findings indicate that LMX acts as a mediator between spiritual leadership and employee voice behavior. The strength of this mediation, however, depends on the followers' level of traditionality orientation. Notably, the findings indicate that the effect is significant only among individuals who exhibit low traditionality. Theoretical contributions and implications for practice are discussed in later sections.

This quantitative study investigated the relationship between perceived spiritual leadership behavior, leadership skills, and spiritual well-being in Seventh-day Adventist congregations in Rwanda. A cross-sectional survey was conducted using a self-administered questionnaire among 312 congregants. Significant correlations were found between spiritual leadership (r = .69; p

This research endevors to investigate the interrelationships among spiritual leadership (SL), affective commitment (AC) and employee performance (EP) in the Egyptian hotel industry. Employing a quantitative research approach, the study distributed self-administered surveys to a randomly chosen group of employees. Analyzing 623 valid survey responses using structural equation modelling (SEM), the research revealed significant positive correlations between SL and both EP and AC, with AC also showing a noteworthy positive effect on EP. Moreover, the study found that AC acts as a mediator in the relationship between SL and EP.

The Srimad Bhagavad Gita, an ancient Indian scripture, offers timeless wisdom that transcends religious boundaries and provides valuable insights for modern management practices. This study explores the management concepts embedded in the teachings of the Bhagavad Gita and their applicability to contemporary organizational leadership, decision-making, and ethical practices. Drawing on key verses, this study examines how principles such as self-discipline, work ethics, leadership, and emotional intelligence can enhance managerial effectiveness. The Gita emphasizes the importance of duty (karma), detachment from outcomes, and the pursuit of a balanced, composed mindset in high-stress environments--concepts highly relevant to modern management challenges. The paper also discusses the integration of spiritual and ethical dimensions in decision-making, as advocated in the Gita, which encourages leaders to act in alignment with dharma (righteousness) while managing resources and people effectively. The scripture's insights into motivation, team management, and conflict resolution provide a framework for leaders to foster a more inclusive and harmonious work culture. By analyzing interpretations from various scholars, this paper seeks to align ancient wisdom with modern managerial theories, exploring how the Gita's philosophical underpinnings can be applied in strategic thinking, leadership development, and personal growth. The study concludes that the Bhagavad Gita offers a holistic approach to management, combining material success with spiritual fulfillment, making it a valuable resource for contemporary leaders aiming to lead with integrity, resilience, and clarity of purpose. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research focuses on the relationship that exists between spiritual leadership and work engagement. Psychological empowerment plays decisive role in the way that how an individual observe and experience things in working environment. This study tries to fill the gap by exploring the mediating role of psychological empowerment between spiritual leadership and work engagement. Effective companies ensure that discipline and useful strategies are available to help employees feel more empowered and engaged. Primary data were collected through purposive sampling technique from 310 employees working in pharmaceutical companies located in the Peshawar Industrial Estate. The results showed that spiritual leadership is directly associated with work engagement. In addition, it was also explored that psychological empowerment mediates the said relationship. Theoretical and practical implications have been discussed and recommendations for further studies are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to analyze Spiritual Leadership, Employee Resilience, Work Engagement, and Employee Performance, as well as the relationship between them, including the influence of Work Engagement mediation. Hypothesis testing was used to test the influence of Spiritual Leadership and Employee Resilience research on Employee Performance mediated by Work Engagement on employees of State-Owned Banks in East Jakarta City. Since the relationship between variables is explained, a type of correlational research is used. Because the data used is only used once per period, it is cross-sectional and the unit of analysis is an individual, namely an employee of a state-owned bank in East Jakarta City. The results of hypothesis testing show that there are great benefits between Spiritual Leadership and Employee Resilience on Employee Performance, as well as between Spiritual Leadership and Employee Resilience on Work Engagement. However, there was no significant positive effect between Work Engagement on Employee Performance, nor the effect of Work Engagement mediation on the relationship between Spiritual Leadership and Employee Resilience on Employee Performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objectives of this research were to study the influence of spiritual health and spiritual leadership on work engagement with workplace spirituality as a mediating variable of nurses in a regional hospital. The samples of the research were 215 nurses in a regional hospital, Central region. The data was collected through questionnaires which were consisted of five parts, including personal data, the spiritual health scale, the workplace spirituality scale, the spiritual leadership scale, and the work engagement scale. The data was analyzed by using multiple regression analysis and bootstrap method. The results of this research showed that 1) The level of spiritual health, workplace spirituality, spiritual leadership, and work engagement were at high level; 2) spiritual health, workplace spirituality, and spiritual leadership were positively related to work engagement at .001 level of significant; spiritual health and spiritual leadership were positively related to workplace spirituality at .001 level of significant; 3) spiritual health and spiritual leadership had indirect effect on work engagement with the partial mediating role of workplace spirituality at .001 level of significant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although organizations are aware of the 17 goals proposed by the 2030 UN Agenda, there is little understanding of how to achieve sustainability. In this context, it is believed that spiritual leadership (SL) may be capable of directing initiatives to address sustainability challenges in organizations, by promoting a sustainable workplace. Thus, this theoretical essay aims to understand the connection between SL and the development of a sustainable workplace. We bring three contributions: it demonstrates how SL can be considered a driving force for organizational sustainability; we explain how SL impacts not only at an individual level but also on teams and the organization as a whole, through spiritual well-being, leading to commitment and productivity; we propose a conceptual scheme showing how the previous findings form a sustainable workplace promoted by SL. Given the scarcity of such theoretical insights in the existing literature, our contributions represent an opportunity to advance knowledge on this research topic, paving the way for future empirical investigations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The article examines the relationship between spiritual leadership, a sense of meaning and membership, and virtual team effectiveness. Much of the research points to the applicability of the spiritual leadership model to determine individual and organisational performance. However, there are no studies in this area regarding virtual teams, which have recently become a basic organisational unit at work. Research Design & Methods: The survey was conducted among 602 members of virtual teams. The confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modelling were used to determine the validity and reliability of the questionnaire used. Findings: The research results show, first, that the theoretical model is a good fit and, second, that spiritual leadership has an indirect influence on the effectiveness of virtual teams by building the meaning of work and helping team members feel a sense of belonging Implications/Recommendations: The proposed model of spiritual leadership and its variables have been positively verified and the model can be used in a virtual team. Contribution: In the theoretical context, relationships between variables were identified and the importance of spiritual leadership for virtual teamwork was assessed. In an empirical context, research was conducted that verified the usefulness of the spiritual leadership model, thus proposing a specific tool for assessing spiritual leadership in virtual teams. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Humanities Journal of University of Zakho (HJUOZ) is the property of Humanities Journal of University of Zakho and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Nowadays, the competition for teachers' professional titles in elementary and secondary schools has intensified, the pressure of teaching has increased, and teachers are passively involved in the whirlpool of ineffective competition, so their well-being has gradually decreased. Spiritual leadership may be an important factor affecting teacher well-being. However, less literature examines the impact of spiritual leadership on teacher well-being in Chinese primary and secondary schools, and it is not clear how spiritual leadership affects teacher well-being. Therefore, based on self-determination theory, this study explores the effects of spiritual leadership on elementary and secondary school teacher well-being and the mediating role of grit and job satisfaction in the Chinese context. PLS-SEM was used to analyze research data from 311 Chinese elementary and secondary school teachers. The study found that spiritual leadership positively predicted teacher well-being; grit and job satisfaction played both independent and chained mediating roles between spiritual leadership and teacher well-being. The findings not only provide a systematic explanation and empirical evidence for the influence mechanism of spiritual leadership on teacher well-being, but also provide references for the realization path of school leaders to enhance teacher well-being and stabilize the teaching force. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined the impact of spiritual leadership style on frontline health workers' safety performance through the mediating role of safety climate. Also, leader–member exchange (LMX) was examined as a moderator of the safety climate and safety performance relationship. Survey data from 582 frontline health workers in Ghana's Greater Accra and Ashanti regions were analyzed using AMOS version 23. Findings showed that spiritual leadership dimensions significantly influenced health workers' safety performance. Altruistic love and vision also significantly influenced safety climate. However, hope did not influenced safety climate. Moreover, safety climate had an impact onsafety performance dimensions. Furthermore, safety climate mediated the relationship between altruistic love, vision, and safety performance. However, safety climate did not mediate the relationship between hope and safety performance. Lastly, LMX moderated the positive effect of safety climate on safety compliance but not on safety participation. This study offers valuable insights for improving frontline health workers' safety performance during pandemics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, there is a growing interest in the concept of spiritual leadership. However, there are conceptual and research dilemmas regarding distinctions between the concept of spiritual leadership and other leadership approaches, especially positive leadership theories. Thus, there is a need to distinguish between the semantic relation construct of spiritual leadership and other related concepts in the field of management. Therefore, the current study provides a systematic literature review and bibliometric analyses of the 422 publications on spiritual leadership that were published between 1980 and 2021. The VOSviewer software with network visualization map was used. This paper contributes to understanding related aspects of spiritual leadership with other leadership approaches, provides a framework for integrating existing theories of leadership and leads to the identification of questions for future research. The study includes concepts based only on moral and ethical issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to investigate the impact of spiritual leadership on project outcomes and to explore the possible mediating effect of project goal clarity, as well as the moderating role of perceived organizational support. Grounded in social exchange theory, this study contributes to the literature by investigating the mechanisms--specifically project goal clarity--that connect spiritual leadership with project success and by examining the role of employees' perceptions within the organization, such as perceived organizational support. The quantitative analysis involved data from 258 employees in the IT sector, specifically from private software firms. Data analysis was performed using the Preacher and Hayes process method with SPSS version 21.0 and Amos. The results indicate that spiritual leadership has a positive effect on project success. Furthermore, the study shows that project goal clarity partially mediates the relationship between spiritual leadership and project success, while perceived organizational supportmoderates the association between project goal clarity and project success. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research endevors to investigate the interrelationships among spiritual leadership (SL), affective commitment (AC) and employee performance (EP) in the Egyptian hotel industry. Employing a quantitative research approach, the study distributed self-administered surveys to a randomly chosen group of employees. Analyzing 623 valid survey responses using structural equation modelling (SEM), the research revealed significant positive correlations between SL and both EP and AC, with AC also showing a noteworthy positive effect on EP. Moreover, the study found that AC acts as a mediator in the relationship between SL and EP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to understand the influence of spiritual leadership and religiosity indicators on the effectiveness of change management in educational organisations as well as how spiritual leadership and religiosity interact in facilitating change in educational organisations. Using a qualitative method with a literature review approach, the study identified themes and patterns from various relevant sources. The results show that spiritual leadership plays an important role in formulating a vision, building a positive culture and increasing the commitment of organisational members. Indicators of religiosity such as individual religious commitment, piety and religious behaviour also contribute to successful change management. The interaction between spiritual leadership and religiosity can facilitate change by creating an environment that supports learning, overcoming resistance, and enhancing the well-being of organisational members

In the current global landscape, characterized by religious fervour, social and political unrest, economic instability, and environmental challenges, spiritual leaders stand as pivotal agents of change. Their role is especially crucial in contexts marred by ingrained injustices and persistent conflicts, such as the Palestinian–Israeli settler colonial context—a reality I have been intimately involved with over three decades of reconciliation work. This paper contextualizes scholarship on spiritual leadership within the Palestinian–Israeli context by integrating it with settler colonial theory. By applying insights about spiritual leadership to this context, three key traits of spiritual leaders—(1) spiritual authority, (2) discernment, and (3) the ethical use of power—are identified as essential for envisioning an alternative future. By embodying these traits, spiritual leaders can effectively guide their communities through the multifaceted realities, advocating a transformative approach to leadership and interreligious work.

This paper extends Being-centered and spiritual leadership theory using non-self from the Buddhist philosophy to further our understanding of how inner life functions as the source of spiritual leadership. While spiritual leadership theory has received widespread acceptance and considerable empirical support, its developmental process and potential for being used to pursue self-centered ends remain underdeveloped. Drawing on non-self from the Buddhist emptiness theory, we identify different egoistic forms of attachment at each level of being that can lead to forms of suffering in spiritual leadership. Then we show how leaders operating at lower levels of being can fall into the trap of practicing a form of pseudo-spiritual leadership that is overly focused on self-centered or instrumental purposes and economic rationality. We then introduce mechanisms to move beyond pseudo-spiritual leadership practices and discuss implications for future theory, research, and practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study of the antecedents of employee followership behavior is one of the hot topics in management psychology research. Based on self-determination theory and using a questionnaire method, this research investigated the relationship between spiritual leadership and employee followership behavior, and explored the roles of relational identification and spiritual intelligence in this relationship. A Chinese sample of 372 paired leader-employee data was used to verify the proposed theoretical model. The findings suggested that spiritual leadership had a positive relationship with employee followership behavior, and that relational identification played a mediating role in this positive relationship. In addition, the positive relationship between spiritual leadership and relational identification was more significant when employees' spiritual intelligence was high than when it was low. Also, the indirect effect of spiritual leadership on employee followership behavior through relational identification relied on employees' spiritual intelligence, such that the indirect effect was stronger when employees' spiritual intelligence was high than when it was low. Our research further provided several theoretical and practical implications for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spiritual leadership has gained much traction among researchers and practitioners for its value-laden approach as it engenders feelings and expressions of a leader's spirituality at the workplace by intrinsically motivating the followers to envision work as a calling, thereupon culminating in greater organizational performance. However, despite the significant attempts to consolidate the literature, organizational scholarly knowledge on spiritual leadership seems fragmented and incohesive. This is because the extant reviews pertaining to this field often employ subjective approaches in encapsulating the literature. It is due to these limitations, leadership researchers might find it difficult to appreciate the advances made in the realm of spiritual leadership, to grasp a holistic understanding of its objective insights, and to chart a course for future research. Therefore, through our study, we aim to provide a comprehensive understanding of the past, present, and future of spiritual leadership research. This study combines a bibliometric analysis with a literature review wherein we analyzed 337 papers published between 1980 and 2021. First, through bibliographic coupling, citation analysis, prestige analysis, and co-word analysis of extant studies, we highlight the prominent authors, influential works, leading organizations, countries, and journals in the realm of spiritual leadership. Second, through our content analysis of the leading articles obtained from clustering, we map the emergent core themes in spiritual leadership literature. Third, based on these emergent themes, we offer a comprehensive conceptual framework. Finally, we determine and present potential avenues for future research by employing the TCCM framework that could stimulate scholarly research in this domain and discuss theoretical and managerial implications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Purpose: The teaching profession is recognized as a high-intensity and high-stress occupation, and teachers' professional well-being is being greatly challenged. To enhance teachers' professional well-being, researchers have begun to explore influence mechanisms from the perspective of leadership style. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the effect of principals' spiritual leadership on primary and secondary school teachers' professional well-being in the Chinese context. Methodology: The data in this study was analysed using a cross-sectional survey approach. Questionnaires were distributed to school teachers in Heze City, Shandong Province. Eventually, 380 participants were identified to be suitable for study. The data were analysed using IBM SPSS and SmartPLS 4.0.9.5 software, specifically adopting the partial least squares-structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) approach. Findings: The results indicated that there was a significant positive relationship between spiritual leadership, career calling, and teachers' professional well-being, and that career calling mediated the relationship between spiritual leadership and teachers' professional well-being. Contributions: The findings are valuable for school organizational management. It helps to the positive role of spiritual leadership of principals and enhances teachers' calling, thus improving their professional well-being. The study contributes to the body of knowledge by identifying the causal relationships between spiritual leadership, career calling, and teachers' professional well-being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study design applied the quasi - experimental research with randomized pretest-posttest control group design and primarily aims to develop a spiritual leadership program as well as to develop and validate a handbook on training spiritual leadership for leaders in a healthcare organizations. The study participants consisted of 62 leaders in a healthcare organizations (i.e., executives, managers, and those who were prepare to be promoted to manager or executive). The participants were divided into two groups, 32 participants were in the experimental group and 30 were in the control group by simple random sampling. Both quantitative and qualitative data collection were performed. Results: 1) the program and handbook on training spiritual leadership for leaders in organizations were obtained. This program consisted of four modules: module 1 connectedness to self and one’s own spirituality, module 2 connectedness to others and society, module 3 development of spiritual leadership, and module 4 follow-up after spiritual leadership training. 2) For the try-out to validate the effectiveness of training program, results revealed that spiritual leadership of the leaders attending the spiritual leadership program was significantly higher than those who did not attend the program (p < .05). In addition, results of the qualitative data revealed that the leaders who attended the program had greater knowledge and understanding about spiritual leadership. Also, their spiritual leadership had increased, connectedness to self, others, and society had developed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents findings from a recent study conducted at a Christian university exploring the spiritual leadership encounters undergraduate students described having with faculty and staff members. University students today face a myriad of challenges ranging from aspects of mental health to finding purpose and meaning in life. As a result, many university decision-makers are seeking ways to improve campus experiences that help meet the needs of their students and increase student engagement, retention, and graduation rates. Spiritual leadership theory is a relatively new theory in leadership studies that has been validated in several studies in various fields. However, there is limited research exploring spiritual leadership in a university context. The purpose of this transcendental phenomenological research study was to explore the lived experience of undergraduate university students with spiritual leadership encounters while attending a university. The data revealed that the spiritual leadership encounters students in this study had with faculty and staff members resulted in several positive experiences, including feelings of being cared for, feeling supported, developing a sense of community, and increased academic motivation. Recommendations for the future include encouraging university decision-makers to explore the potential benefits of integrating the spiritual leadership framework into current pedagogical practices. The information presented here may help practitioners of the spiritual leadership model in classrooms, residential halls, and other university settings to potentially experience similar benefits with the undergraduate students they teach and lead. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction/Main Objectives: This study discusses the factors that have implications for job satisfaction in e-commerce companies. The focus of the study is to analyze the organizational commitment, spiritual leadership, and technological advancement, which are mediated by employee engagement. Background Problems: Some e-commerce companies have problems with their employees’ level of satisfaction. This study provides recommendations for dealing with the satisfaction factors of employees working in e-commerce. Novelty: The novelty of this study is that it offers a different model for measuring job satisfaction. Employee engagement is used as a mediating variable to measure the implications for employee satisfaction in e-commerce companies. One of the variables used is technological advancement. Research Methods: This study uses the PLS-SEM method. The total respondents is 250 employees who work in e-commerce companies. Purposive sampling is used, according to the research needs, with a total of 207 respondents. The object of this study is a business organization that is engaged in ecommerce. Finding/Results: The direct and indirect effects of employee satisfaction are implied by spiritual leadership and organizational commitment. Technological advancement has no direct or indirect effect on employee satisfaction. Employee engagement has a mediating role in both the direct and indirect effects on employee satisfaction. Conclusion: E-commerce organizations should pay more attention to their employees’ development through building their technological capabilities. This research can explain the improvement in a business’s quality through its employees’ satisfaction. This adds value to human resources management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of CBÜ Beden Eğitimi & Spor Bilimleri Dergisi is the property of CBU Beden Egitimi & Spor Bilimleri Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objectives. Frequent occurrence of workplace accidents may be caused by a lack of attention by team members to safety behaviors on the spiritual level. It is very important to investigate the incentive mechanism of spirit factor on team safety performance. Methods. Based on social cognition theory and social interaction theory, this study analyzed matching data from 717 employees across 173 teams, and verified the mechanism underlying team-level spiritual leadership on team safety performance. Results. Spiritual leadership not only helped improved a team's safety performance, but also affected it through team reflexivity. Meanwhile, work interdependence positively moderated the positive relationship between team reflexivity and team safety performance, as well as the mediating role of team reflexivity. Conclusions. The findings expanded the research scope of leadership style-safety performance at the team level, and provided guidelines for managers to promote safety and healthy development of a team in practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Orientation: Spiritual leadership has been proposed as an alternative to lead a generation where personal values and beliefs are central to employee contentment and organisational success. Research purpose: To critically analyse organisational spiritual leadership (SpL) from an African Management Philosophies (AMP) perspective and whether these are secular or non-secular. Motivation for the study: Knowledge would be drawn from two bodies of scholarly literature, namely SpL and AMP. Research design, approach and method: Literature will be systematically reviewed, focusing on three aspects of the body on knowledge, namely concepts, definitions and typologies (elements). Main findings: The concept of SpL seems empirically much more operationalised than AMP. Central to organisational spiritual leadership are the leader’s values, attitudes and behaviours that intrinsically motivate followers to have a sense of spiritual survival through membership and calling, while AMP emphasise traditionalism, communalism, co-operative teamwork and mythologies. Practical/managerial implications: The research seeks to highlight the existing gaps in literature of a contextualised African measure of SpL. Contribution or value add: A secular and non-secular approach to spirituality emerges, which looks at AMP as emboldened by Ubuntu ideality that is contrary to extant literature on organisational spiritual leadership.