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I respond to the provocation of this issue focusing on the action [reading] to theorize it in its openness to what is not present, as the texts are never present to be read. Using the Derridian quasi-concepts of trace and specter, I understand "reading" as a long exercise of responding to the otherness of the text. I defend that it is necessary to refuse the representational tradition of reading, to continuously deconstruct the metaphysical colonial legacy of what does it mean to read. Mostly, I argue that this process requires more and not less readings of what one seeks to deconstruct—a long preparation that is the research-event. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the sharp increase in the volume of literature data, researchers must spend considerable time and energy locating desired papers. A paper recommendation is the means necessary to solve this problem. Unfortunately, the large amount of data combined with sparsity makes personalizing papers challenging. Traditional matrix decomposition models have cold-start issues. Most overlook the importance of information and fail to consider the introduction of noise when using side information, resulting in unsatisfactory recommendations. This study proposes a paper recommendation method (PR-SLSMF) using document-level representation learning with citation-informed transformers (SPECTER) and low-rank and sparse matrix factorization; it uses SPECTER to learn paper content representation. The model calculates the similarity between papers and constructs a weighted heterogeneous information network (HIN), including citation and content similarity information. This method combines the LSMF method with HIN, effectively alleviating data sparsity and cold-start issues and avoiding topic drift. We validated the effectiveness of this method on two real datasets and the necessity of adding side information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Miron Białoszewski recorded his edited version of Adam Mickiewicz’s Forefathers’ Eve on a tape recorder, while simultaneously working on A Memoir of the Warsaw Uprising and creating handwritten notes and recordings that he later transcribed using a typewriter. In the recording of Forefathers’ Eve, Part IV of the drama plays a key role, with Białoszewski focusing on the character of Gustaw the Hermit to highlight Gustaw’s traumatic experience. Białoszewski’s declarations and parallel work on the pieces allow one to see Gustaw as Białoszewski’s doppelgänger and treat both works as part of one creative process addressing the trauma of the uprising. Thus, Białoszewski haunts somebody else’s drama to discover his own spectral voice. In this context, we can consider the 1965 recording of Forefathers’ Eve as an acoustic rehearsal of the 1970 A Memoir of the Warsaw Uprising. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper sheds light on the relation of mutual exclusion and implication that binds Derridean ethics with the figure of God. In rupture with existing scholarship that categorizes Derridean ethics as either radically atheistic or dialectically pertaining to the Judeo-Christian moral order, I put forward the argument that Derrida's ethical thinking is best considered outside of the dialectics of a/theism. I demonstrate that, far from plainly disproving or falling within the bounds of existing religious discourses, Derrida inaugurates a new way of relating to the absolute – whether it be named God, the infinitely other, or justice – beyond nihilism and idealism, atheism and theism, or more precisely between the two, in a space Derrida refers to as the space of spectrality. I thereby hope to finally do justice to the subtlety of Derridean ethics and foster the recognition that, twenty years after Derrida's death, his ghosts can be of use in tackling some of the greatest ethical and political challenges of the twenty-first century, including the pursuit of peaceful pluralism in the context of rampant violence carried out in the name of God. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The ideas that have been fixed in a human’s mind, and the abstract realm of his life, in addition to its concrete realm is under their extensive and deep affections, are ideas whose spectrality is manifested in Stirner’s formulation of the human world. Despite encompassing thesecharacteristics, which are the characteristics of the essential, the specters of ideas are open to presenting an inessential project. Such this project, which is based on disclosing a conceptual binary in Deleuze’s philosophical system, discloses a philosophical reading which manifests the spectrality of idea as a basis for the essentiality of a certain sphere that “human” conceptual signifier constructs. This Stirnerean reading reveals that such a sphere is the non-pluralistic embodiment of its constituent elements.

The characters of Magellan and Lapu-Lapu are important in stories of the foundation of the modern Filipino nation, serving as symbols of European colonial domination and Filipino resistance. However, their symbolic positions are not absolute—Magellan’s position as initiator of Roman Catholicism makes his identity as an invader to be resisted at all costs, something that is difficult in the highly Catholic Philippines. However, these difficulties can be mitigated when applying the concepts of multiplicity and heterogeneity of historical characters as theorized by Jacques Derrida, as well as the possibilities afforded by the analysis of parody in the work of Mikhail Bakhtin. These concepts and characters align in the novelty songs of Visayan singers Yoyoy Villame and Max Surban, where the stories and characters of Magellan and Lapu-Lapu are parodied, expanded, distorted, and inverted. Tis provides us with new and useful ways of relating to and interrogating these historical narratives and their modern applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Metaverse Basic & Applied Research is the property of Fundacion Salud, Ciencia y Tecnologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

During the last decades, recommender systems are becoming quite popular since they provide great assistance to users on social networks and library websites. Unfortunately, the large volume of data combined with sparsity makes personalization a difficult task. In this regard, several models were introduced in the literature that suffers from the cold-start problem and the lack of personalization. In particular, the majority of these models ignore the relationship between the important factors and the semantic relations among the nodes (the authors, and the field of study) on the heterogeneous papers networks. Moreover, they fail to effectively capture researchers' preferences, which leads to inadequate recommendations. To overcome these problems, with this study we propose a scientific paper recommendation model called SPR-SMN, which employs the SPECTER document embedding model to learn context-preserving paper content representations. The model captures the long-range dependencies and researchers' preferences, by employing an end-to-end memory network and personalization module, respectively. We experimentally evaluate our method against baseline algorithms over two real-life datasets. The results indicate that the proposed method outperforms competing models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, I explore what I call the persecutory trope – which underscores the alterity of the phantom and its relentless haunting and spectral oppression of the protagonists – in recent American ghost films, connecting it to the ethical thought of the continental philosophers, Emmanuel Levinas and Jacques Derrida. Films like The Ring (Gore Verbinski, 2002), The Grudge (Takashi Shimizu, 2004), It Follows (Robert Mitchell, 2014), and Sinister (Scott Derrickson, 2012) depict terrifying spectral antagonists whose relentless persecution of the protagonists often defies comprehension and narrative closure. I suggest that these films comprise a specific supernatural subgenre due to the particular way in which their specters haunt the victims. The relentlessness of the spectral assailant, and the foreclosure of actions by which the specter is either expelled from or reintegrated into symbolic understanding of its victim, can be construed in terms of the ethical relationship between the other and the self in the work of Levinas and Derrida. Their focus on the moral agent's responsibility to an other, an obligation that the agent does not undertake voluntarily, entails the spectralization of ethical responsibility insofar as it does not rest on solid, evidential grounds. This article shows how the spectralization of the ethical resonates in recent American ghost films through the disruptive effects of the specter's haunting and responsive mourning enacted by protagonists.

This essay focuses on the way the main characters in Daphne du Maurier’s novel Rebecca (1938) cope with the haunting influence of the past and attempts to read their struggle through the theoretical approach developed by Jacques Derrida in his Specters of Marx (1993). This approach, termed “hauntology” by Derrida himself, revolves around the notion of the “specter” haunting the present and emphasizes the need to find new ways of responding to it, especially because of the existing ontological failure to do so. The essay complements this reading with the earlier comparable theory of the “phantom” and “transgenerational haunting” developed by psychoanalysts Nicolas Abraham and Maria Torok. A “hauntological” reading of Rebecca through these tools yields results that are significantly different from traditional approaches. Suggesting that the main characters in Rebecca are complete failures in dealing with the specter in a Derridean sense, the essay argues that the novel expects from the discerning reader a more insightful approach and a better potential to understand the specter. It is suggested further that a proper acknowledgement of the specter in Rebecca reaches beyond this particular novel, having subtle but significant implications concerning not only literary analysis but also social and cultural prejudices.

Radiation damage is one of the aging important causes in nuclear reactors. Radiation damage causes changes in material properties. In this study, this effect has been evaluated and analyzed on the clad of the Tehran research reactor (TRR). A grade 6061 aluminum is used as a clad in the TRR. The MCNPX code is used to designate the most sensitive location of the reactor and calculate neutron flux distribution. Then, a software using FORTRAN language programming is developed to process the particle track (PTRAC) output file of the MCNPX code. The SRIM code is used here to calculate the rate of displacement per atom. Moreover, the SPECOMP and SPECTER codes are also applied to estimate the displacement rate and compared with the results attained using the SRIM code. The rate of displacement per atom by the SPECTER and SRIM codes have been obtained 2.54×10−7 dpa/s and 2.44×10−7dpa/s (QD method), respectively. Also, the mechanical properties have been evaluated using the RCC-MRx code and have been compared with experimental results. Finally, the change in the matter specification has been analyzed as a function of time.

The influence of communist politics is underemphasized in the historical record of the 1968 Chicano Blowouts. Much like news media at the time, official histories mischaracterize the Blowouts as having been either completely spontaneous or thoroughly entrenched in the politics of representation and reform. Drawing on archival documents, oral histories, and critical research, this study uncovers the communist presence in the movement and demonstrates how activists of the period navigated this presence amid virulent Cold War anticommunism. Using the "specter of communism" as a methodological heuristic, we excavate the margins of the archive: overlooked pamphlets, moments in oral histories, and personal accounts and interviews. We show how Marxist materialist analysis can be brought to bear on archival gaps and silences, and thereby highlight the liberatory potential of activist archival research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Śląskie Studia Polonistyczne is the property of Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Slaskiego and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article proposes a reading of Pasolini's The Ashes of Gramsci (Le ceneri di Gramsci) as a crucial reflection on the inheritance of Gramsci's notion of collective man in post-war Italy and the different ways in which instances of power and hegemony are expressed through language and lived within the spaces of a newly rebuilt city. While the concepts of collective man and multitudes will become the central paradigms shaping the Italian cultural left in the late 20th and 21st century, these notions are here explored for their linguistic and visual power. The poem brings forth some of the keywords destined to dominate the Italian political and intellectual discourse, while its meticulous construction mirrors, as well as contradicts, the scattered and disorderly Roman architecture that constitutes its setting. For this reason, the poem represents what Jacques Derrida has called a hauntology, or an ontology that is at once what is and what is not. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, I explore what I call the persecutory trope - which underscores the alterity of the phantom and its relentless haunting and spectral oppression of the protagonists - in recent American ghost films, connecting it to the ethical thought of the continental philosophers, Emmanuel Levinas and Jacques Derrida. Films like The Ring (Gore Verbinski, 2002), The Grudge (Takashi Shimizu, 2004), It Follows (Robert Mitchell, 2014), and Sinister (Scott Derrickson, 2012) depict terrifying spectral antagonists whose relentless persecution of the protagonists often defies comprehension and narrative closure. I suggest that these films comprise a specific supernatural subgenre due to the particular way in which their specters haunt the victims. The relentlessness of the spectral assailant, and the foreclosure of actions by which the specter is either expelled from or reintegrated into symbolic understanding of its victim, can be construed in terms of the ethical relationship between the other and the self in the work of Levinas and Derrida. Their focus on the moral agent's responsibility to an other, an obligation that the agent does not undertake voluntarily, entails the spectralization of ethical responsibility insofar as it does not rest on solid, evidential grounds. This article shows how the spectralization of the ethical resonates in recent American ghost films through the disruptive effects of the specter's haunting and responsive mourning enacted by protagonists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we propose a structure of a portable cardiograph. Contents and functions of all blocks are overviewed. We describe two main structures of portable cardiographs, prepare a comparative table of characteristics for different analog front-ends. All individual features of the chips are listed as well. We register a test signal and try to improve its quality by means of digital filtration, taking the signal gained from certified Biopack equipment as a reference. We calculate device power consumption to compute required battery volume. Finally, energy efficient preprocessing algorithm is proposed.

The article offers a synthesis of spectral theory from the publication of Spectres de Marx by Jacques Derrida and Ghostly Matters, by Avery Gordon, with a focus on its impact and relevance for Latin American cultural and narrative studies. He also offers a summary of the contents in the special issue «Spectral Mexico».

We propose to intensify theorizing on retromarketing and nostalgic consumption by further developing "hauntology" as a conceptual lens for assessing the retro aesthetic as a commodified affective excess of meaning. This allows us to explore the consumption of marketized retrospective signs not from the perspective of personal experiences or creative meaning-makings but rather as affective encounters that desire in consumption desperately latches onto. In our view, it is thus not an aesthetic satisfaction, nostalgic comfort, or playful emancipations that are offered to us by retro consumption. Following a darker development of hauntology, we find ourselves instead thrust into spectral presences that we can never quite articulate, a haunting within us in an atmosphere of late capitalism where temporal belief in the future has been "cancelled." [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay focuses on the way the main characters in Daphne du Maurier's novel Rebecca (1938) cope with the haunting influence of the past and attempts to read their struggle through the theoretical approach developed by Jacques Derrida in his Specters of Marx (1993). This approach, termed "hauntology" by Derrida himself, revolves around the notion of the "specter" haunting the present and emphasizes the need to find new ways of responding to it, especially because of the existing ontological failure to do so. The essay complements this reading with the earlier comparable theory of the "phantom" and "transgenerational haunting" developed by psychoanalysts Nicolas Abraham and Maria Torok. A "hauntological" reading of Rebecca through these tools yields results that are significantly different from traditional approaches. Suggesting that the main characters in Rebecca are complete failures in dealing with the specter in a Derridean sense, the essay argues that the novel expects from the discerning reader a more insightful approach and a better potential to understand the specter. It is suggested further that a proper acknowledgement of the specter in Rebecca reaches beyond this particular novel, having subtle but significant implications concerning not only literary analysis but also social and cultural prejudices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

How do you document the undocumented? This essay resurrects the spectral logic of this inquiry. The question rises out of a "gore capitalist" logic that controls life and death with every inscription, every material document. The essay locates this inquiry in the first document to document the "things" of "terra incognita," the period of the economic expansion into the Americas, Bernardo de Sahagun's The Florentine Codex (La Historia Universal de las Cosas de Nueva España; The Universal History of the Things of New Spain, 1545–1590). Taking a hybrid, approach, much like the Florentine Codex itself, I map how the materialist need to document Latinx peoples, which has a profound affect on all Latinx subjectivity, is ironically a desire to turn them into specters of the capitalist state, which can be seen as recently as July 20 of 2020, with the Trump administration legislative desire to turn the undocumented into 3/5th persons, who, in the end, can only contribute as ghosts in the economic machine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In fission reactors, neutron radiation is the main reason for the displacement of atoms in the crystalline lattice of the material. In this study, this damage is investigated on the fuel clad of the Bushehr reactor, which is Zr + 1%Nb. The MCNPX code is used to simulate the core of the reactor and find the highest neutron flux in the core of the reactor. Both the SRIM and SPECTER codes are used to study the neutron interaction with matter. The damage rate of the SRIM code is calculated in full cascade and quick damage modes, calculated as 2.05E−06 (dpa/s) and 1.06E−06 (dpa/s), respectively. Also, the damage rate in the SPECTER code is 1.0193E−06 (dpa/s), and the result has been compared with the SRIM code results. Using the calculated displacement per atom (dpa), the yield stress of the material, which is the resistance to the stresses, and the electrical resistivity of the material are calculated for 3 years of reactor operation. Both factors have increased over time, and the fuel clad lost its original function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this article is to develop a postmetaphysical conception of reading by following Kierkegaard’s Either/Or Part I (1843) through such Derridian concepts as secret, hospitality, and spectrality. The work focuses on the three essays addressed to the Symparanekromenoi (“the community of the dead”), a fellowship neither young nor old with an aphoristic way of life (2010b, pp. 137–225) that can be understood as a figure of alterity. Special attention is paid to paratextual features of the book: the texts are actually presented as old papers found in a secretary desk by a pseudonymous editor (“Victor Eremita”), which suggests that every text is a posthumous paper, that is to say, it will always be read after the death of its author. Instead of finding a solid author who holds the semantic weight of the text, these papers are based in a blank of sense, a specter, a secret: if they are sustained on its author, then they are sustained in a mystery, not in a sort of revelation of meaning.

Neutron irradiation damage is of the most critical damage mechanisms in nuclear power plant's pressure vessel. Neutrons transfer their kinetic energy to target atoms of RPV that start to jump creating vacancies and interstitials known as Frenkel Pair (FP). The FPs are responsible for formation of defected clusters and microstructural modifications (e.g. phase reactions, segregations). These effects deteriorate physical and mechanical properties of the RPV steels among which are increasing the hardness and decreasing the embrittlement which results in limiting the life-time of RPV. The most sensitive location in the RPV related neutron irradiation damages is in the beltline region and adjacent to the reactor core. Welds and their heat affected zones (HAZs) in this region are of particularly importance due to higher probability flaws compared with the base metal. In this paper, Monte Carlo simulation of the detailed reactor core have led to identifying the areas maximum neutron flux in the RPV. Then the SPECTER and SRIM Monte Carlo codes are used to evaluate the neutron spectral-averaged DPA values for the beltline region of RPV.

The wide range of problems of mathematical physics is reduced to a special Volterra integral equation of the second kind or to integral equations with variable limits of integration. Among such problems we can include: boundary value problems for spectrally loaded differential equations [1-4], inverse problems [5, 6], nonlocal problems [7], boundary value problems for domains with moving boundaries as the domain degenerates at the time [8, 9] and others. In the study of integral equations with a variable lower limit of integration, the operational method can not be used directly, since in this case the convolution theorem is not applicable. However, the Laplace transform can be used to study this kind of integral equation by applying the method of model solutions.

There is a wide spectrum in reading Michael Ondaatje's novel Anil's Ghost, ranging from thinkers who explore literary, historical, to ethico-ontological and (a)political aspects. I confine the study by strictly retrieving the subjectivity of the human rights victim as not rested in its being a subject and victim, hence as a specter that haunts or 'retaliates' into exposing its victimization. This article attempts to read the spectral nature of this victim using Derrida and Žižek. The Derridean reading grounds the central spectrality on his hauntology and what it says about the victim's ghostly character. Later, I expound on the act of haunting from a Žižekean standpoint by hinging on the notion of 'drive' that exposes the nature of victimization as depoliticizing the subject. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ideas y Valores is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper investigates how, in early cinema, in-between spaces were created that were receptive to scenes of haunting. Adopting Derrida’s notions of a hauntology and a spectrology it argues for a genuine productivity of cinematic space that is able to build ghostly environments without incorporating an actual specter. This productivity is described as ‘making appear’ and ‘making act’. Furthermore, the paper explains how, in the era of silent cinema, cinematic techniques were used to create scenes of haunting.

Cancer could be considered as a chronic disease to the extent that its remission does not exclude the possibility of its recurrence. The progressive disease's exit would imply reconfigurations that need time. So, the central problem seems to be the one of temporalities. However, are these reconfigurations, linked with past disease's experiences and effects currently present, not also spatial? A research study has been carried out with the service of Adaptated physical activity (APA) of a Cancer Center. In addition to participant observations during sports sessions, the materials of this research are based on nine semi-directive interviews conducted with ten APA program's participants who have or have had cancer, mainly breast cancer. From the participant's singular view point, the places are charged, through cancer background, with diverse semantics. In acts, spatialities reveal the cancer presence in daily actions and spaces. The APA, like other activities, is similar to a recovery of action spaces, allowing the passage from the wait-andsee attitude of a patient, who passively takes treatments, to non-suffered activities which permit life's trajectory holds. The geographic is finally considered as a human and non-human meshwork of co-spatialities, which shows dynamic and proactive characteristics of environments. This whole of analyses makes it possible to question the disease experiences and its temporalities, embodied in physical and spatial experiences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aquest article proposa recórrer la instal·lació que Albertina Carri exposà a la sala Pays, prop del Monumento a las Víctimas del Terrorismode Estado al Parque de la Memoria (Buenos Aires, Argentina). Entre el setembre i el novembre de 2015, amb la seva obra Operación fracaso y el sonido recobrado, la cineasta (Los rubios, Géminis, Cuatreros) s’endinsa en l’àmbit de la instal·lació o del “cinema expandit” i planteja una mena d’heterotopia per pensar la imatge com a espai on ella mateixa es transforma. Les pàgines següents exploren l’obra, que llegim com un atles, a la llum de referències obligades sobre la lògica de l’arxiu –Aby Warburg, Walter Benjamin– i sobre la figura de l’espectre –Jacques Derrida.

Copyright of Athena: Filosofijos studijos is the property of Lithuanian Culture Research Institute and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Escritura e Imagen is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of DIGITHUM is the property of Universitat Oberta de Catalunya and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The aim of this article is to develop a postmetaphysical conception of reading by following Kierkegaard's Either/Or Part I (1843) through such Derridian concepts as secret, hospitality, and spectrality. The work focuses on the three essays addressed to the Symparanekromenoi ("the community of the dead"), a fellowship neither young nor old with an aphoristic way of life (2010b, pp. 137-225) that can be understood as a figure of alterity. Special attention is paid to paratextual features of the book: the texts are actually presented as old papers found in a secretary desk by a pseudonymous editor ("Victor Eremita"), which suggests that every text is a posthumous paper, that is to say, it will always be read after the death of its author. Instead of finding a solid author who holds the semantic weight of the text, these papers are based in a blank of sense, a specter, a secret: if they are sustained on its author, then they are sustained in a mystery, not in a sort of revelation of meaning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vector borne transmissible zoonoses are becoming more and more important in the group of emerging and re-emerging infections. We present the characteristics and actuality of this group of infectious diseases in Montenegro for the period 1998 - 2011. In examinations, standard epidemiological, clinical, serological, pathohistological diagnostic methods are employed. Natural conditions in Montenegro make it an important endemic area for more vector borne transmissible zoonoses. The changes of ecological characteristics, the vectors and infective agents, present the accidence for expansion and increasing importance of these infections in national pathology. According to the fact that it is an international port of nautical, continental and air traffic, Montenegro has responsibility for control and management of diseases belonging to the group of the travel and tropical diseases.

Borrowing its paradoxical title from Buci-Glucksman, this paper endeavors to think of the shadow in its weighty physicality, an evanescent materiality intimately linked to death. Inspired by a lesser-known short story « The Shadow » by E. A. Poe, it moves on to analyze ten famous tales by the same author to demonstrate that the shadow is always the perceptible print of what it follows, thus performing an inversion of the arrow of time and of logic itself that heralds the future Freudian discovery of Nachtraglichkeit (unsatisfyingly translated by « deferred action »). Between pathological melancholy and death drive, Gothic literature thus invites us to conceive the shadow as naturally following the trauma occasioned by loss but also as adumbrating the subject’s own dissolution.