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Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je konstruisanje i validacija testa kao mernog instrumenta za procenu specifične spretnosti policajaca. Istraživanje je realizovano u odnosu na ranije utvrđene činjenice koje su definisale vreme trajanja, intenzitet i motoričke zadatke koji se izvode prilikom upotrebe sredstava prinude. Na osnovu toga konstruisan je test koji se sastoji od zadataka koji sadrže opšte i specifične motoričke sposobnosti potrebne za efikasno obavljanje policijskog posla. U ovom radu testirani su pripadnici specijalne jedinice, policije opšte nadležnosti, studenti Kriminalističko-policijske akademije i kontrolna grupa. Kod svih ispitanika posmatrane su morfološke karakteristike i bazične motoričke sposobnosti, kao i specifične motoričke sposobnosti koje su procenjene primenom poligona. Intenzitet rada određen je na osnovu vremena potrebnog za realizaciju poligona i praćenjem fizioloških parametara tokom njegovog izvođenja (maksimalne frekvencije srca i koncentracije laktata). Na osnovu analize rezultata utvrđeno je da je test validan motorički zadatak za procenu specifične spretnosti policajaca u anaerobno-laktatnom režimu rada. Dobijeni rezultati su pokazali da su muškarci statistički značajno efikasnije realizovali poligon u odnosu na žene. Takođe, ustanovljeno je da godine starosti i profesionalna specijalizacija utiču na efikasnost realizacije poligona kod muškaraca. Mlađi ispitanici su pokazali bolje rezultate pri istom opterećenju. Kod pripadnika specijalnih jedinica ustanovljen je najviši nivo razvijenosti bazičnih i specifičnih motoričkih sposobnosti. Studenti Kriminalističko-policijske akademije su efikasnije realizovali test u odnosu na pripadnike policije opšte nadležnosti, dok između studenata i kontrolne grupe i policije opšte nadležnosti i kontrolne grupe nije ustanovljena razlika. Kod žena nisu utvrđene razlike u odnosu na navedene kriterijume. Pokazana je visoka statistički značajna povezanost rezultata poligona i bazičnih motoričkih sposobnosti kod ispitanika oba pola. Utvrđeni su faktori specifične spretnosti policajaca i predloženi su testovi koji imaju za cilj da odaberu policajce sa iznadprosečnim specifičnim fizičkim sposobnostima. Rezultati studije ukazuju na potrebu za određivanje novih standarda, procedura testiranja opštih i specifičnih motoričkih sposobnosti i selekcionih kriterijuma koji bi pomogli u unapređenju profesionalne osposobljenosti policajaca. The purpose of this research was to construct and validate a test which would be used as a measuring instrument for estimating the specific ability of police officers. The research was performed with respect to the previously established facts which have defined the duration, intensity and motor tasks which are performed during the use of means of coercion. On the basis of this a test was constructed which includes tasks of general and specific motoric skills necessary for efficient conducting of police work. In this paper special police forces were tested, as well as general police officers, students of the Academy of Criminalistic and Police Studies and a control group. Morphologic characteristics and basic motor skills were observed with all examinees, as well as specific motor skills which were evaluated using the obstacle course. The intensity of work was defined on the basis of time needed for the completion of the obstacle course test and by following the physiologic parameters during the test (maximal heart rate and lactate concentration). After the results were analysed, the test was proven as a valid motor task for estimating the specific ability of police officers in anaerobic lactate operation. The results have shown that there is a statistical significant difference in favour of men when compared to women, in realization of the obstacle course test. In addition, it has been shown that age and professional specialization have an effect on the completion of the test in men. Younger examinees have shown better results under the same workload. The special forces unit has shown the highest level of basic and specific motor skills. Police academy students have completed the test with better results than general police officers while there was no significant difference between police academy students and the control group, as well as between general police and the control group of examinees. In women there was no difference detected with respect to the given criteria. In both genders, a high statistical correlation between general and specific motor skills has been noticed. Factors for the specific dexterity of police officers have been identified and tests were suggested which can be used for the purpose of selection of police officers with above average specific physical abilities. The results of this study show that there is a need for the definition of new standards, testing procedures of general and specific motor skills and selection criteria which would help improve the professional competence of police officers...

The subject of this paper was the examination of validity and reliability of the obstacle course test (OCSAPO1) that can be used to assess the specific abilities of police officers in the anaerobic-lactate work regime. Twenty-five students of the Academy of Criminalistic and Police Studies took part in this research (14 male and 11 female). The testing was performed according to the test - retest method for determining reliability. The studied variables included: performance time of the OC_SAPO1 (indicator of effectiveness), lactate concentration in capillary blood (measure of metabolic acidosis) and the value of heart rate frequency (measure of the functional exertion of the cardiovascular system). The results of t-test showed that the participants mastered the OC SAPO1 7.17 seconds faster in the second testing (t - 4.164, p lt 0.01), i.e. 7.25% faster, which suggests the that there is a learning effect and that test can be used for educational purposes. A statistically significant difference of the measured concentration of lactates and maximum heart frequency was not established between the two tests. Based on Cronbach's Alpha results, we can claim that the OC SAPO1 is a reliable measuring instrument for the evaluation of the specific ability of police officers in anaerobic-lactate work regime. A lower reliability of the Cronbach's Alpha test was established for maximum heart frequency when compared to the other studied variables. The registered levels of the studied variables classify the OCSAPO1 as a test of sub-maximal intensity in the anaerobic-lactate work regime. Predmet ovog rada je ispitivanje validnosti i pouzdanosti testa - poligona (Pol_SSP1) koji se može koristiti za procenu specifične spretnosti policajaca u anaerobno-laktatnom režimu rada. U istraživanju je učestvovalo 25 studenata Kriminalističko-policijske akademije (14 muškaraca i 11 žena). Testiranje se sprovodilo po metodi za utvrđivanje pouzdanosti test - retest. Posmatrane varijable bile su: vreme potrebno za Pol_SSP1 (pokazatelj efikasnosti), koncentracija laktata u kapilarnoj krvi (mera metaboličke acidoze) i vrednost frekvencije rada srca (mera funkcionalnog opterećenja srčanosudovnog sistema organizma). Rezultati t-testa pokazali su da su ispitanici Pol_SSP1 savladali u drugom testiranju statistički značajno brže (t - 4.164, p lt 0.01) za 7.17 sekundi, tj. za 7.25% što navodi na edukabilni efekat testa i može se koristit u nastavnom procesu. Kod izmerene koncentracije laktata i maksimalne frekvencije srca nije utvrđena statistički značajne razlika između dva testiranja. Na osnovu rezultata Cronbach 's Alpha, može se zaključiti da je PolSSPl kao instrument za procenu specifične spretnosti policajaca u anaerobno-laktatnom režimu rada pouzdan merni instrument. U ovom istraživanju kod maksimalne frekvencije srca uočena je niža Cronbach 's Alpha pouzdanost testa u odnosu na ostale posmatrane varijable. Postignuti nivoi posmatranih varijabli svrstavaju Pol_SSP1 u testove submaksimalnog intenziteta u anaerobno­laktatnom režimu rada.

Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je konstruisanje i validacija testa kao mernog instrumenta za procenu specifične spretnosti policajaca. Istraživanje je realizovano u odnosu na ranije utvrđene činjenice koje su definisale vreme trajanja, intenzitet i motoričke zadatke koji se izvode prilikom upotrebe sredstava prinude. Na osnovu toga konstruisan je test koji se sastoji od zadataka koji sadrže opšte i specifične motoričke sposobnosti potrebne za efikasno obavljanje policijskog posla. U ovom radu testirani su pripadnici specijalne jedinice, policije opšte nadležnosti, studenti Kriminalističko-policijske akademije i kontrolna grupa. Kod svih ispitanika posmatrane su morfološke karakteristike i bazične motoričke sposobnosti, kao i specifične motoričke sposobnosti koje su procenjene primenom poligona. Intenzitet rada određen je na osnovu vremena potrebnog za realizaciju poligona i praćenjem fizioloških parametara tokom njegovog izvođenja (maksimalne frekvencije srca i koncentracije laktata). Na osnovu analize rezultata utvrđeno je da je test validan motorički zadatak za procenu specifične spretnosti policajaca u anaerobno-laktatnom režimu rada. Dobijeni rezultati su pokazali da su muškarci statistički značajno efikasnije realizovali poligon u odnosu na žene. Takođe, ustanovljeno je da godine starosti i profesionalna specijalizacija utiču na efikasnost realizacije poligona kod muškaraca. Mlađi ispitanici su pokazali bolje rezultate pri istom opterećenju. Kod pripadnika specijalnih jedinica ustanovljen je najviši nivo razvijenosti bazičnih i specifičnih motoričkih sposobnosti. Studenti Kriminalističko-policijske akademije su efikasnije realizovali test u odnosu na pripadnike policije opšte nadležnosti, dok između studenata i kontrolne grupe i policije opšte nadležnosti i kontrolne grupe nije ustanovljena razlika. Kod žena nisu utvrđene razlike u odnosu na navedene kriterijume. Pokazana je visoka statistički značajna povezanost rezultata poligona i bazičnih motoričkih sposobnosti kod ispitanika oba pola. Utvrđeni su faktori specifične spretnosti policajaca i predloženi su testovi koji imaju za cilj da odaberu policajce sa iznadprosečnim specifičnim fizičkim sposobnostima. Rezultati studije ukazuju na potrebu za određivanje novih standarda, procedura testiranja opštih i specifičnih motoričkih sposobnosti i selekcionih kriterijuma koji bi pomogli u unapređenju profesionalne osposobljenosti policajaca. The purpose of this research was to construct and validate a test which would be used as a measuring instrument for estimating the specific ability of police officers. The research was performed with respect to the previously established facts which have defined the duration, intensity and motor tasks which are performed during the use of means of coercion. On the basis of this a test was constructed which includes tasks of general and specific motoric skills necessary for efficient conducting of police work. In this paper special police forces were tested, as well as general police officers, students of the Academy of Criminalistic and Police Studies and a control group. Morphologic characteristics and basic motor skills were observed with all examinees, as well as specific motor skills which were evaluated using the obstacle course. The intensity of work was defined on the basis of time needed for the completion of the obstacle course test and by following the physiologic parameters during the test (maximal heart rate and lactate concentration). After the results were analysed, the test was proven as a valid motor task for estimating the specific ability of police officers in anaerobic lactate operation. The results have shown that there is a statistical significant difference in favour of men when compared to women, in realization of the obstacle course test. In addition, it has been shown that age and professional specialization have an effect on the completion of the test in men. Younger examinees have shown better results under the same workload. The special forces unit has shown the highest level of basic and specific motor skills. Police academy students have completed the test with better results than general police officers while there was no significant difference between police academy students and the control group, as well as between general police and the control group of examinees. In women there was no difference detected with respect to the given criteria. In both genders, a high statistical correlation between general and specific motor skills has been noticed. Factors for the specific dexterity of police officers have been identified and tests were suggested which can be used for the purpose of selection of police officers with above average specific physical abilities. The results of this study show that there is a need for the definition of new standards, testing procedures of general and specific motor skills and selection criteria which would help improve the professional competence of police officers...

This paper's subject is the validation of the polygon, as a test that can be used for specific skill evaluation among members of Ministry of Internal Affairsin Republic of Serbia, during anaerobic - lactate regime exercise (Pol_SSP1). Research included 50 third year students of basic studies from all courses at The Academy of Criminalistic and Police Studies in Belgrade, from which 26 male students and 24 female students. Validation of the polygon is determined by using two basic parameters for metabolic and functional indicator evaluation of reached physiological load level: lactate concentration in capillary blood, as a measure of metabolic acidosis, and heart rate, as a measure of functional load of cardiovascular system. The results showed that the average time required for the polygon realization is 97.71±8.66 i 109.17±9.10 seconds for men and women, respectively. In relation to the maximum heart rate reached after the polygon, it was determined that heart rate level in men was from 186.5±6.4, and in women 184.6±7.3 beat/min. The measured values of lactate concentration in the blood after the polygon realization were 11.52±2.25 i 11.78±2.07 in men, and 10.35±1.39 i 10.46±1.63 mmol/L in women, in third and fifth minute of recovery, respectively. Based on these results it can be concluded that Pol_SSP, as an instrument for the evaluation of specific skills for police officers, is a valid motoric task, during which realization dominant load in anaerobic lactate mechanism is provoked for creating energy for exercise. Predmet ovog rada je validacija poligona, kao testa koji može da se koristi za procenu specifične spretnosti kod pripadnika MUP RS, ostvarene u anaerobno-laktatnom režimu naprezanja (Pol_ SSP1). U istraživanju je učestvovalo 50 studenata Kriminalističko-policijske akademije u Beogradu, od kojih 26 studenata i 24 studentkinje III godine osnovnih studija sa svih smerova. Validnost poligona utvrđena je pomoću dva osnovna parametra za procenu metaboličkih i funkcionalnih pokazatelja nivoa dostignutog fiziološkog opterećenja i to: koncentracije laktata u kapilarnoj krvi, kao mera metaboličke acidoze, i vrednosti frekvencije rada srca, kao mera funkcionalnog opterećenja srčanosudovnog sistema organizma. Rezultati su pokazali da je prosečno vreme potrebno za realizaciju poligona 97,71±8,66 i 109,17±9,10 sekundi za muškarce i devojke, respektivno. U odnosu na maksimalno dostignutu frekvenciju srca nakon završetka poligona, utvrđeno je da je ona kod muškaraca na nivou od 186,5±6,4 Ud/min, a kod devojaka 184,6±7,3 Ud/min. Izmerene vrednosti koncentracije laktata u krvi posle realizacije poligona kod muškaraca su bile 11,52±2,25 i 11,78±2,07 mmol/L, a kod devojaka 10,35±1,39 i 10,46±1,63 mmol/L u trećem i petom minutu oporavka, respektivno. Na osnovu dobijenih rezultata može da se zaključi da je Pol_SSP1, kao instrument za procenu specifične spretnosti kod policajaca, validan motorički zadatak tokom čije realizacije se provocira dominantno opterećenje u zoni anaerobnolaktatnog mehanizma stvaranja energije za rad.

The aim of the paper is to establish the norms of the polygon for evaluating specific skill of police officers (PolSSPl) to apply to students of the Academy of Criminalistic and Police Studies of both sexes within the subject Special Physical Education 3 - Use of Coercive Means (SPE 3). The survey included 374 third-year Academy students (232 male and 142 female ones) of undergraduate academic studies. Homogeneity of results was confirmed by variance coefficient which was 10.60 for the male students and 10.79 for the female ones. A low degree of inclination and curvature was noted with respect to the Gaussian curve, amounting to -0.067 and -0.316 or 0.145 and -0.048 for the male and the female students, respectively. Normal distribution of the result frequency indicated a high discrimination of the test which allowed defining valid normative values of the time needed for the realization of PolSSPl. Based on the mean, expressed in seconds, and the standard deviation, which amounted to 85.87±8.05 and 96.89±9.98 for male and female students respectively, the norms were established for evaluating the Academy students' performance in the practical exam of SPE 3. Cilj rada jeste utvrđivanje normativa poligona za procenu specifične spretnosti policajaca (PolSSPl) studenata oba pola Kriminalističko-policijske akademije (KPA) na predmetu Specijalno fizičko obrazovanje 3-upotreba sredstava prinude (SFO 3). U istraživanju su učestvovala 374 studenta KPA (232 studenta i 142 studentkinje) treće godine osnovnih akademskih studija. Homogenost rezultata potvrđenaje koeficijentom varijacije koji je za studente iznosio 10.60 a za studentkinje 10.79. Utvrđenjen je i nizak stepen nagnutosti i zakrivljenosti u odnosu na Gausovu krivu, koji je za studente iznosio -0.067 i -0.316 a za studentkinje 0.145 i -0.048, respektivno. Normalna distribucija frekvencije rezultata ukazuje na pravilnu distribuiranost rezultata testa što omogućava definisanje validnih normativnih vrednosti vremena potrebnog za realizaciju PolSSPl. Ha osnovu prosečne vrednosti i standardne devijacije 96.89±9.98 sekundi za studente i 96.89±9.98 sekundi za studentkinje formirani su normativi za ocenjivanje studenata KPA na praktičnom delu ispita SFO 3.

The paper analyzes the use of physical force as a means of coercion, i.e. techniques of physical control. The Law on Police and the Regulations on conditions and manner of use of coercive means define the conditions and manner of use of means of coercion (force), period of duration, limitations as well as obligations following the use of force.10 Special attention has been devoted to the definition of force, quantity and nature of resistance that should be surmounted, as well as the level of force control the police officers use in order to neutralize unlawful physical actions of a suspect in order to control a certain situation. Practical application of techniques of Special Physical Education (SPE) as means of legal control activities of the police, i.e. technical physical control in the function of controlling physical resistance given by a suspect have been analyzed. The total number of 182 reports when the physical force was used was analyzed. In addition to this, the paper highlights the need for clear codification and generally accepted set of rules for the use of physical force as a guarantee for ethical and legal performance of police powers. U radu je urađena analiza primene fizičke snage kao sredstva prinude, odnosno tehnike fizičke kontrole. Zakonom o policiji i Pravilnikom o uslovima i načinu upotrebe sredstava prinude, definisani su uslovi i način upotrebe sredstava prinude (sile), vreme trajanja, ograničenja, kao i obaveze nakon primene sile1. Posebna pažnja posvećena je definiciji sile, količini i prirodi otpora koji se mora savladati, te nivou kontrole sile koju pripadnik policije primenjuje da bi neutralisao nezakonite fizičke akcije osumnjičenog u cilju upravljanja (kontrole) određenom situacijom. Analizirana je praktična primena tehnika specijalnog fizičkog obrazovanja (SFO-a) kao sredstva zakonitih kontrolnih aktivnosti policije tj. tehnike fizičke kontrole u funkciji kontrolisanja fizičkog otpora koji pruža osumnjičeno lice. Analizirano je ukupno 182 izveštaja u kojima je bila opravdana upotreba fizičke snage. Dalje, u radu je potencirana potreba jasno kodifikovanog i opšte prihvaćenog niza pravila prilikom primene sile, kao garant etičkog i zakonitog vršenja policijskih ovlašćenja.

This work presents the results of a research whose main objective was defining the level of transfer of additional exercise on the manifestation of the characteristics of the back extensor muscle force compared to regular physical activity in Special Physical Education (SPE) classes. Fifty-two students of the Academy of Criminalistic and Police Studies (ACPS) in Belgrade participated in the research; they were divided into three differently trained groups: the control group consisted of students who exercised following the SPE curriculum (20), the second group included students who had additional martial arts training (15), and the third group consisted of students who had additional gym work out (17). The measurement of the characteristics of muscle force was performed by applying the dynamometry method, using the 'Isometric Dead lift' standardized test. The results showed that, in general, the quantitative value of the benefit of additional exercise in the gym for students tested was 29.02%, while training in martial arts amounted to 40.98%. Regardless of the type of additional training, i.e. exercise, the benefit of additional training or exercise was a 35% higher level of contractile ability of F - t dependency in the back extensor muscles. The results suggest that, for students of the ACPS, regular physical exercise from 4 to 5 times a week, focusing on different type of velocity-strength training, has, statistically, a significantly greater effect on the development of contractile capacity of muscles (F - t relationship) compared to the exercise frequency of only 2 times a week. U radu su prezentovani rezultati istraživanja čiji je osnovni cilj bio definisanje nivoa transfera dodatnog vežbanja na ispoljavanje karakteristika mišićne sile opružača leđa u odnosu na redovnu fizičku aktivnosti realizovanu na nastavi SFO-a. U istraživanju je učestvovalo 52 studenta Kriminalističko-policijske akademije u Beogradu, koji su bili podeljeni u tri različito trenirane grupe: kontrolna grupa sastavljena od studenata koji su vežbali po programu nastave iz SFO-a (20), grupa studenata koja je dodatno trenirala neki borilački sport (15) i grupa studenata koja je dodatno vežbala u teretani (17). Merenje karakteristika mišićne sile izvršeno je metodom dinamometrije primenom standardizovanog testa 'Mrtvo vučenje'. Rezultati su dokazali da, generalno posmatrano, kvantitativna vrednost benefita dodatnog vežbanja u teretani kod testiranih studenata iznosi 29,02%, dok je za trening kod borilačkih sportova bila 40,98%. Bez obzira na vrstu dodatnog treninga, tj. vežbanja, benefit dodatnog vežbanja, odnosno treninga je bio 35% bolji nivo kontraktilnih sposobnosti zavisnosti F - t kod mišića opružača leđa. Rezultati upućuju na zaključak da kod studenata KPA redovno fizičko vežbanje od 4 do 5 puta nedeljno, sa trenažnim usmerenjem na brzinsko-snažna opterećenja, ima statistički značajno bolji efekat na razvoj kontraktilnih sposobnosti mišića (F - t zavisnost) u odnosu na učestalost od samo 2 puta nedeljno.

An anonymous poll was conducted among a group of 30 female first-year students of the Police and Criminal Justice Academy following the end of the Special Physical Education I course and completion of pre-examination tasks in the 2008/09 school year. The aim of this research was to find out the views of female first-year students regarding the subject of Special Physical Education, which belongs to the group of general-professional subjects. The analysis of the poll results indicates that a large number of subjects holds that the subject in question is very significant or that it is among subjects of significance (100%), 26.67% find that the number of practical training hours is average, and 73.33 % of students think that the number of practical training hours should exceed 4 lessons a week. The subjects also expressed an important view that the number of theory lessons was satisfactory (90 %) and that lessons should take place during both semesters, i.e. throughout the school year (93.33 %). The students said that they preferred (86.67 %) the special part of the curriculum (hitting, levers, throws…). As for the students' views related to achievement expectations in the observed subject, it can be inferred that 66.67 % subjects achieved results equal to or above their expectations, whereas 33.33 % failed to achieve the desired results. A large number of subjects (80.00 %) were of the opinion that the teachers and assistants engaged on this subject were extremely correct or just correct, whereas 13.33 % of them stated that they were incorrect or that their conduct was disappointing. Although the obtained results can be said to possess a low level of external reliability, because they apply to only one generation of students, they provide sufficient indication that there is a need to revise the current organizational structure of the subject of SPE and introduce 4 hours of practical training a week and ensure training during both semesters. Anonimno je anketirano 30 studenata I godine Kriminalističko-policijske akademije ženskog pola, a nakon završene nastave na predmetu Specijalno fizičko obrazovanje I i predispitnih obaveza iz navedenog predmeta u školskoj 2008/09. godini. Cilj ovog istraživanja je bio da se utvrde stavovi studentkinja I godine o nastavnom predmetu Specijalno fizičko obrazovanje, koji je iz grupe stručnih opštih predmeta. Analizom rezultata dobijenih anketiranjem uočava se da veliki broj ispitanica ima mišljenje da je nastavni predmet SFO izuzetno značajan, ili da spada u značajnije predmete (100%); da je broj časova praktične nastave prosečan smatra 26,67% studentkinja, a da broj časova praktične nastave potrebno je da bude veći od 4 časa nedeljno smatra 73,33 % studentkinja. Značajan je stav ispitanika da je fond teoretske nastave zadovoljavajući (90,00%) i da nastavu SFO-a treba realizovati u oba semestra u toku školske godine (93,33%). Od nastavnih sadržaja SFO-a ispitanice najviše vole (86,67%) specijalni deo (udarci, poluge, bacanja...). Kada su u pitanju stavovi studentkinja o očekivanim rezultatima SFO-a, može se zaključiti da je 66,67% postiglo više ili u skladu sa očekivanjem, dok kod 33,33% ta očekivanja nisu ispunjena u odnosu na željeno. Veliki broj ispitanica, njih 48 (80%), mišljenja je da su nastavnici i saradnici na predmetu izuzetno korektni, ili korektni, dok je kod njih 4 (13,33%) prevladao stav da su nekorektni, odnosno da su ih, svojim odnosom, razočarali. Iako se za dobijene stavove može reći da imaju mali nivo eksterne relijabilnosti, jer pripadaju samo jednoj generaciji studentkinja, dovoljno su indikativni i upućuju na potrebu revidiranja trenutnog organizacionog oblika nastave SFO na KPA u smeru povećanja zatupljenosti praktične nastave na četiri puta nedeljno, kao i na izučavanje predmeta u toku oba semestra.

Aim of this research was defining direction and intensity of contraction ability changes, in aspect of repetitive strength between students at Academy of Criminalistic and Police Studies (ACPS), during first three years of studies. On sample of 212 ACPS students, repetitive strength changes of arm extensors (SKLEK), arm flexors (ZGIB), and body flexors (TRUP) are defined, during first three years of basic academy studies. For value evaluation of observed variable it was used standardized method for contraction potential determination of arm muscle, body muscle, while relative values were calculated by adequate formulas. Results has shown that, at SKLEK and ZGIB test, statistically significant difference isn't determined (F =0.605, p =0.547 i F =1.036, p =0.357, respectively), while at TRUP, statistically significant difference is determined (F =10.287, p =0.000). Besides, at relative values, results has shown that SKLEKrel and ZGIBrel values doesn't have statistically significant difference (F =1.753, p =0.176 i F =1.991, p =0.139, respectively), in contrast of TRUPrel where statistically significant difference is determined (F =11.340, p =0.000). Research results indicate that is necessary to make changes in teaching plan and program for subject SPE, meaning fond class increase, in order that teaching process affects on the general physical readiness level of ACPS students, as well as on adequate respect towards improvement of necessary required physical abilities which are in accordance with professional needs in Ministry of Internal Affairs of Republic of Serbia. Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je definisanje smera i intenziteta promena kontraktilnih sposobnosti, sa aspekta repetitvne snage kod studenata Kriminalističko-policijske akademije (KPA) tokom prve tri godine studija. Na uzorku od 212 studenata KPA definisane su promene repetitivne snage mišića opružača ruku (SKLEK), mišića pregibača ruku (ZGIB) i mišića pregibača trupa (TRUP) tokom prve tri godine osnovnih akademskih studija. Za procenu vrednosti posmatranih varijabli korišćena je standardizovana metoda za utvrđivanje kontraktilnog potencijala mišića ruku i mišića trupa, dok su relativne vrednosti izračunate pomoću adekvatnih formula. Rezultati su pokazali da kod testa SKLEK i ZGIB ruku nije utvrđena statistički značajna razlika (F - 0.605, p =0.547 i F - 1.036, p =0.357, respektivno), dok je kod testa TRUP utvrđena statistički zna­čajna razlika (F - 10.287, p =0.000 ). Takođe, kod relativne vrednosti, rezultati su pokazali da vrednosti SKLEKREL i ZGIBREL nemaju statistički značajnu razliku (F - 1.753, p =0.176 i F - 1.991, p =0.139, respektivno), za razliku od testa TRUPREL gde je utvrđena statistički značajna razlika (F - 11.340, p =0.000). Na osnovu pri­kazanih rezultata možemo pretpostaviti da smanjenje fonda časova specijalnog fizičkog obrazovanja nepovoljno utiče na ispunjenje jednog od zadataka predmeta, a koji se odnosi na razvoj opštih fizičkih i motoričkih sposobnosti studenata sa aspekta repetitivne snage mišića opružača i pregibača ruku. Rezultati istraživanja ukazuju da je potrebno izvršiti promene nastavnog plana i programa predmeta SFO u smislu povećanja fonda časova kako bi se nastavnim procesom uticalo na nivo opšte fizičke pripremljenosti studenata KPA-e, kao i na adekvatan odnos prema unapređenju neophodno potrebnih fizičkih sposobnosti koje su u skladu sa profesionalnim potrebama radnika Ministarstva unutrašnjih poslova Republike Srbije.

The introduction of the paper focuses on the very notion and definition of Special Physical Education (henceforth, SPE). Following a brief retrospective of the development of various modalities and systems of martial arts, special attention has been given to development of traditional Japanese jujutsu self-defense system, from ancient times to modern day. The paper further deals with the origins of modern jujutsu dating back to early 20th century, the establishing of Kodo kan judo system and karate sport, their development in European countries and in our territories. It also explains the genesis of martial art instruction in police educational institutions in our country, from their beginning at the opening of the last century to this day. The paper finishes in closing considerations. U uvodnom delu rada dat je pojam i definicija Specijalnog fizičkog obrazovanja (SFO). Nakon kraćeg pregleda opšteg razvoja pojavnih oblika borenja i borilačkih sistema, posebna pažnja je data razvoju tradicionalne japanske đuđucu (džiu džicu) sistema samoodbrane od najstarijih vremena do današnjih dana na prostoru Japana. U nastavku, dat je razvoj moderne džiu-džicu početkom 20. veka, nastanak Kodo kan džudo sistema, i karate sporta, njihov razvoj u evropskim zemljama, sa naglaskom na naše prostore. Dalje je u radu prikazana geneza borilačke obuke u policijskim obrazovnim institucijama kod nas, od prvih početaka u prošlom veku pa do današnjih dana. Na kraju rada data su za- ključna razmatranja.

The paper examines the output characteristics of mechanism responsible for generation of the set level of force over the arm extensor. The research was carried out using bench-press test in isometric conditions of strain, and it was carried out at the sample of 150 subjects - the students of Advanced School of Interior Affairs in Zemun - Beograd. During the experimental testing, the subjects were given 5 individual test attempts each, whereas the maximum muscle isometric power was measured during the first attempt FmaxIZO (F30%T, F50%T, F70%T i F90%T), and during the remaining four attempts the force achieved was compared with the set percentage of maximum force Fmax at the level of 30%, 50%, 70% and 90% (F30%o, F50%o, F70%o and F90%o). The other parameters defining the mechanisms of demonstration of isometric muscle force have also been measured such as: the speed of force generation in the unit of time, i.e. explosiveness - RFD, the speed of inclusion of motor units - K and the time required for generation of tested levels of force - t. All mentioned parameters were observed in relation to theoretically set module (level of force), as well as for the realized module (level of force). Testing was carried out by means of hardware-software system used in Diagnostic and Prognosis Laboratory (DPL) for Special Physical Education in the Advanced School of Interior Affairs in Zemun. In order to determine the existence of difference between individual variables a student t-test for pair samples was used. The results of a student t-test showed that there were statistically significant differences (p lt 0.01) between the mean value of the realized force and the mean value of theoretical level of force of FmaxIZO (30%, 50%, 70% and 90%, as mean, big and sub-maximum level of force) for all monitored variables, except for the achieved and realized force for variables F90%T F90%O (p = 0.74) and RFD90% T - RFD90%O (p = 0.22). Generally observed, based on the parameters monitored in the research (set level of force, speed of inclusion of motor units, speed of production of force and force production time), it can be concluded that the control of generation of maximum and set force values, set (achieved) values differ from maximum (theoretical) values. This is important for the methodology of training in Special Physical Education and sport, especially for understanding of mechanisms of neural-muscle adaptation during the training of muscle force. U radu su ispitivane karakteristike autputa (out-put) mehanizma odgovornog za kontrolu stvaranja zadatog nivoa sile nad mišićima opružača ruku. Istraživanje je ostvareno primenom testa bendž-pres u izometrijskim uslovima naprezanja, a realizovano je nad uzorkom od 150 ispitanika. Ispitanici su tokom eksperimentalnog testiranja ostvarili po 5 pojedinačnih testovnih pokušaja, pri čemu je pri prvom pokušaju merena maksimalna mišićna izometrijska sila FmaxIZO (F30%T, F50%T, F70%T i F90%T), a u preostala četiri je merena ostvarena sila u odnosu na zadati procenat od maksimalne sile Fmax na nivou od 30%, 50%, 70% i 90% (F30%o, F50%o, F70%o i F90%o). Takođe, mereni su i ostali parametri koji definišu mehanizme ispoljavanja izometrijske mišićne sile i to: brzina stvaranja sile u jedinici vreme- na, tj. eksplozivnost - RFD, brzina uključenja motornih jedinica - K i vreme potrebno za generisanje ispitivanih nivoa sile - t. Svi pomenuti parametri su posmatrani u odnosu na teoretski zadat modul (nivo sile), kao i za ostvareni, tj. realizovani modul (nivo sile). Rezultati studentovog t-testa su pokazali da po- stoje statistički značajne razlike (p lt 0.01) između srednje vrednosti ostvarene sile i srednje vrednosti teoretskog nivoa sile od FmaxIZO (30%, 50%, 70% i 90% kao srednjeg, velikog i sub maksimalnog nivoa sile) kod svih praćenih varijabli, osim kod postignute i ostvarene sile kod varijabli F90%T - F90%O (p = 0.74) i RFD90% T RFD90%O (p = 0.22). Generalno, na osnovu parametara koji su praćeni u navedenom istraživanju može se zaključiti da se kontrola generisanja maksimalnih i zadatih iznosa sile, zadate (ostvarene) vrednosti od maksimalnih (teoretskih) razlikuju.

This research was carried out with an aim of determining the structure of endurance in swimming and defining the causes of variabilities in certain elements of the actual structure. The results obtained for the sample of 56 first-year Police Academy students by the application of 19 endurance indicators were processed by component factor analysis using Varimax and Oblimin criteria. All the applied methods produced the same structure of endurance in swimming with elements determined by 4 latent dimensions defined as: general endurance factor in swimming; factor of anaerobic energetic process intensity; factor of anaerobic process capacity; factor of energetic efficiency in swimming. The factorial validity of all indicators applied in this research, with respect to the communalities and the size of the variance explained, is satisfactory, and therefore can be recommended for future research in the field. Cilj istraživanja rada je određivanje strukture plivačke izdržljivosti i definisanje uzroka varijabiliteta pojedinih elemenata njene strukture kod studenata I godine Policijske akademije. Rezultati su dobijeni na uzorku od 56 studenata primenom 19 indikatora za procenu izdržljivosti u plivanju (vremena, brzine, rezerva vremena i brzina plivanja na deonicama od 25m, 50m i 100m, različiti indeksi za procenu brzinske i opšte izdržljivosti kao i različite ocene usvojenosti tehnike plivnja). Statistička analiza podataka izvršena je pomoću metode komponentne faktorske analize (Principal Component Analysis) primenom Varimaks (Varimax) i Oblimin (Oblimin) kriterijuma. Korišćene metode produkovale su istu strukturu plivačke izdržljivosti čiji su elementi određeni sa 4 latentne dimenzije koje su definisane kao: generalni faktor plivačke izdržljivosti, faktor intenziteta anaerobnih energetskih procesa, faktor kapaciteta anearobnih energetskih procesa i faktor energetske efikasnosti plivanja. Dobijene latentne dimenzije (faktori) ekstrahovale su 94.4% valjane varijanse primenjenog model indikatora izdržljivosti u plivanju. Faktorska valjanost svih indikatora koji su primenjeni u ovom istraživanju, obzirom na komunalitete i veličinu objašnjene varijanse, je zadovoljavajuća, pa ih stoga preporučujemo za buduća istraživanja ove problematike.